During World War I, he fought in Czechoslovak Legion and lost his right eye in the Battle of Zborov. Later he was in command of the Legion and anti-bolshevik forces on the Trans-Siberian railway. After the war, he was Chief of Staff of the Czechoslovak Army (1927-1933) and then its general inspector (1933-1938).
After Milan Hodža's government demission on September 23, 1938, Syrový was appointed a prime minister and minister of natinal defence.
The first Government of GeneralSyrovy resigned on October 4 and was reformed on October 5, again under GeneralSyrovy.
But the Ministry of Foreign Affairs had passed from the hands of Dr. Kamil Krofta, for many years the closest collaborator of Dr. Benes and a warm supporter of the League of Nations, into the hands of Dr. Frantisek Chvalkovsky, former Minister to Rome and a convinced adherent of Fascist orientation.
A new Government was formed by Premier Rudolf Beran, the leader of the right wing of the former Agrarian Party, a personal enemy of Dr. Benes, an opponent of alliances with the Western countries, and an old advocate of a Germanophile policy.