Portrait of a Man in a Turban (actually a chaperon), probably a self-portrait, painted 1433

Jan van Eyck or Johannes de Eyck (pronounced: vān ike)(c. 1385 – July 9, 1441) was an Early Netherlandish painter who lived in the then Duchy of Burgundy and is considered one of the great painters of the late Middle Ages. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2024x2746, 238 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Jan van Eyck ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2024x2746, 238 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Jan van Eyck ... The Portrait of a Man (Self Portrait?)[1] , also often known as Portrait of a Man in a Turban, or in a red turban, etc, is an oil painting by the Early Netherlandish master Jan van Eyck, from 1433. ... Portrait presumed to be of Giovanni Arnolfini by Jan van Eyck, late 1430s. ... is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This page is about the year 1441. ... The Arnolfini Portrait by Jan van Eyck, National Gallery, London. ... The following is a list of the Dukes of Burgundy Richard of Autun, the Justicier (880–921) Rudolph of Burgundy (king of France from 923) (921–923) Hugh the Black (923–952) Gilbert of Chalon (952–956) Odo of Paris (956-965) Otto-Henry the Great... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ...

There is a common misconception, which dates back to the sixteenth-century writings of the Tuscan historiographer Giorgio Vasari, that Jan van Eyck created oil painting. It is however true that he achieved, or perfected, new and remarkable effects using this technique. For other uses, see Tuscany (disambiguation). ... Giorgio Vasaris selfportrait Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Giorgio Vasari Giorgio Vasari (Arezzo, Tuscany July 3, 1511 - Florence, June 27, 1574) was an Italian painter and architect, mainly known for his famous biographies of Italian artists. ... Mona Lisa, Oil on wood panel painting by Leonardo da Vinci. ...

Jan van Eyck has often been linked as brother to painter and peer Hubert van Eyck, because both have been thought to originate from the same town, Maaseik in Limburg (Belgium). Another brother, Lambert van Eyck is mentioned in Burgundian court documents, and there is a conjecture that he too was a painter, and that he may have overseen the closing of Jan van Eyck's Bruges workshop.^[1] Another significant, and rather younger, painter who worked in Southern France, Barthélemy van Eyck, is presumed to be a relation. Hubert van Eyck (also Huybrecht van Eyck) (?1366 — 1426) was a Flemish painter and older brother of Jan van Eyck. ... Maaseik municipality and district in the province Limburg River Meuse, a few kilometers south of Maaseik Maaseik is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Limburg. ... Limburg is the easternmost province of Flanders (which is one of the three regions of Belgium), and is located west of the Meuse river. ... In the history of the Low Countries, the Burgundian Netherlands refers to the period when the dukes of Burgundy ruled the area, as well as Luxembourg and northern France from 1384 to 1477. ... Geography Country Belgium Community Flemish Community Region Flemish Region Province West Flanders Arrondissement Bruges Coordinates , , Area 138. ... Miniature from the Livre du cueur damour esprit. ...

Life

Youth

The date of van Eyck's birth is not known. The first extant record of van Eyck is from the court of John of Bavaria at The Hague. It dates to 1422 and mentions a payment to Jan van Eyck as court painter, which indicates he had to have been born no later than 1395, and indeed probably earlier. His apparent age in his probable self-portrait (right) suggests to most scholars an earlier date than 1395. [1][2] John III, Duke of Bavaria-Straubing (died 1425) of the House of Wittelsbach was bishop of Liege. ... Coordinates: , Country Netherlands Province South Holland Area (2006)  - Municipality 98. ... Events January 10 - Battle of Nemecky Brod during the Hussite Wars. ... Events End of reign of Hungary by Capet-Anjou family. ...

Worldly success

Following the death of John of Bavaria, in 1425 van Eyck entered the service of the powerful and influential Valois prince, Duke Philip the Good of Burgundy. Van Eyck resided in Lille for a year and then moved to Bruges, where he lived until his death in 1441. A number of documents published in the twentieth century record his activities in Philip's service. He was sent on several missions on behalf of the Duke, and worked on several projects which likely entailed more than painting. With the exception of two portraits of Isabella of Portugal, which van Eyck painted on Philip's behest as a member of a 1428-9 delegation to seek her hand, the precise nature of these works is obscure. Events Foundation of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Births John II, Duke of Lorraine (died 1470) Edmund Sutton, English nobleman (died 1483) Deaths January 18 - Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, English politician (born 1391) March 17 - Ashikaga Yoshikazu, Japanese shogun (born 1407) May 24 - Murdoch Stewart, 2nd Duke of... Philip III, Duke of Burgundy (Philip the Good or Philippe le Bon) (1396–1467) was Duke of Burgundy from 1419 until his death. ... For other uses, see Lille (disambiguation). ... Geography Country Belgium Community Flemish Community Region Flemish Region Province West Flanders Arrondissement Bruges Coordinates , , Area 138. ... This page is about the year 1441. ...

As a painter and "valet de chambre" to the Duke, Jan van Eyck was exceptionally well paid. His annual salary was quite high when he was first engaged, but it doubled twice in the first few years, and was often supplemented by special bonuses. His salary alone makes Jan van Eyck an exceptional figure among early Netherlandish painters, since most of them depended on individual commissions for their livelihoods. An indication that Van Eyck's art and person were held in extraordinarily high regard is a document from 1435 in which the Duke scolded his treasurers for not paying the painter his salary, arguing that Van Eyck would leave and that he would nowhere be able to find his equal in his "art and science." The Duke also served as godfather to one of Van Eyck's children, supported his widow upon the painter's death, and years later helped one of his daughters with the funds required to enter a convent. For other uses, see number 1435. ...

Masterworks

The Arnolfini Portrait (1434).

Jan van Eyck produced paintings for private clients in addition to his work at the court. Foremost among these is the Ghent Altarpiece painted for Jodocus Vijdts and his wife Catherine Borluut. Started sometime before 1426 and completed, at least partially, by 1432, this polyptych has been seen to represent "the final conquest of reality in the North", differing from the great works of the Early Renaissance in Italy by virtue of its willingness to forgo classical idealization in favor of the faithful observation of nature.^[2] It is housed in its original location, the Cathedral of St. Bavo in Ghent, Belgium. It has had a turbulent history, surviving the 16th-century iconoclastic riots, the French Revolution, changing tastes which led to its dissemination, and most recently Nazi looting. When World War II ended it was recovered in a salt mine, and the story of its restoration drew considerable interest from the general public and greatly advanced the discipline of the scientific study of paintings^{[citation needed]}. No less turbulent was the history of the interpretation of this work. Since an inscription identifies it as a collaborative effort of Jan van Eyck and his brother Hubert, the question of who painted what, or "Jan or Hubert?" has become a mythical one among art historians. Some even question the validity of the inscription, and thus Hubert van Eyck's involvement. In the 1930s, Emil Renders even argued that "Hubert van Eyck" was a complete fiction invented by Ghent humanists in the 16th century. More recently, Lotte Brand Philip (1971) has proposed that the Ghent Altarpiece's inscription has been misread, and that Hubert was (in Latin) the "fictor," not the "pictor," of the work. She interprets this as meaning that Jan van Eyck painted the entire altarpiece, while his brother Hubert created its sculptural framework. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2024x2777, 366 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Renaissance Jan van Eyck Early Renaissance painting Early Netherlandish painting The Arnolfini portrait Giovanni Arnolfini Wikipedia:List of... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2024x2777, 366 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Renaissance Jan van Eyck Early Renaissance painting Early Netherlandish painting The Arnolfini portrait Giovanni Arnolfini Wikipedia:List of... The Arnolfini Portrait (full title: Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife) is a 1434 painting by Jan van Eyck. ... Opened view of the polyptych. ... Events March 6 - Battle of St. ... Events June 1 - Battle of San Romano - Florence defeats Siena foundation of Université de Caen In the end of the Hook and Cod wars, Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut and Holland is forced by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, to abdicate all her estates in his favour; end of Hainaut... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Renaissance#Start of the Renaissance. ... This article is about the Belgian city. ...

Exceptionally for his time, van Eyck often signed and dated his paintings on their frames, then considered an integral part of the work (the two were often painted together). However, in the celebrated Arnolfini Portrait (London, National Gallery) reproduced above, van Eyck inscribed on the (pictorial) back wall above the convex mirror "Johannes de Eyck fuit hic 1434" (Jan van Eyck was here, 1434). The painting is one of the most frequently analyzed by art historians, but in recent years a number of popular interpretations have been questioned. This is probably not a painted marriage certificate, or the record of a betrothal, as originally suggested by Erwin Panofsky. The woman is probably also not pregnant, as the hand-gesture of lifting the dress recurs in contemporary renditions of virgin saints (including Jan van Eyck's own Dresden Triptych and a workshop piece, the Frick Madonna). The Arnolfini Portrait, The Arnolfini Wedding, The Arnolfini Marriage or the Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife (or various other titles) is a 1434 painting in oil on oak panel by the Early Netherlandish painter Jan van Eyck. ... Londons National Gallery, founded in 1824, houses a rich collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900 in its home on Trafalgar Square. ...

Annunciation, National Gallery of Art.

Image File history File links Size of this preview: 226 × 599 pixels Full resolution (500 × 1326 pixel, file size: 90 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Jan van Eyck Washington DC The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 226 × 599 pixels Full resolution (500 × 1326 pixel, file size: 90 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Jan van Eyck Washington DC The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and... The Annunciation is an oil painting by the Early Netherlandish master Jan van Eyck, from around 1434-1436. ... The West building of the National Gallery of Art with the East building visible behind and to to the left The National Gallery of Art is an art museum, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. The museum was established in 1937 by the Congress, with funds for...

Other works

Other works include two remarkable commemorative panels, the Madonna with Chancellor Rolin (Paris, Louvre), and the Madonna of Canon Georg van der Paele (Bruges, Groeninge Museum), some other religious paintings, notably the Annunciation (Washington, National Gallery of Art), and a number of exceptionally haunting portraits, including that of his wife, Margareta (Bruges, Groeningemuseum), and what is believed to be his self-portrait, often called Portrait of a Man in a Red Turban, though in fact he wears a chaperon^[3]. Many more works are disputed, or believed to be by his assistants or followers. Detail of the Virgins mantle. ... This article is about the museum. ... The Annunciation is an oil painting by the Early Netherlandish master Jan van Eyck, from around 1434-1436. ... The West building of the National Gallery of Art with the East building visible behind and to to the left The National Gallery of Art is an art museum, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. The museum was established in 1937 by the Congress, with funds for... Portrait presumed to be of Giovanni Arnolfini by Jan van Eyck, late 1430s. ...

Reputation

In the most substantial early source on him, a 1454 biography by the Genoese humanist Bartolomeo Facio (De viris illustribus), Jan van Eyck was named "the leading painter" of his day. Facio places him among the best artists of the early 15th century, along with Rogier van der Weyden, Gentile da Fabriano, and Pisanello. It is particularly interesting that Facio shows as much enthusiasm for Netherlandish painters as he does for Italian painters. This text also sheds light on aspects of Jan van Eyck's production now lost, citing a bathing scene as well as a world map which van Eyck painted for Philip the Good. Facio also recorded that van Eyck was a learned man, and that he was versed in the classics, particularly the writings of Pliny the Elder about painting. This is supported by records of an inscription from Ovid's Ars Amore, which was on the now-lost original frame of the Arnolfini Double Portrait, and by the many Latin inscriptions on his paintings, using the Roman alphabet, then reserved for educated men. Jan van Eyck likely had some knowledge of Latin for his many missions abroad on behalf of the Duke. For other uses, see Genoa (disambiguation). ... Bartolomeo Facio (c. ... Pliny the Elder: an imaginative 19th Century portrait. ... For other uses, see Ovid (disambiguation) Publius Ovidius Naso (March 20, 43 BC – 17 AD) was a Roman poet known to the English-speaking world as Ovid who wrote on topics of love, abandoned women and mythological transformations. ...

Jan van Eyck died in Bruges in 1441 and was buried there in the Saint Donatien church (destroyed during the French Revolution). Geography Country Belgium Community Flemish Community Region Flemish Region Province West Flanders Arrondissement Bruges Coordinates , , Area 138. ... This page is about the year 1441. ...

Main works

• Crucifixion and Last Judgement diptych (1420-1425) - Oil on wood transferred to canvas, 56.5 x 19.5 cm (each painting), Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
• Madonna in the Church (c. 1425) - Oil on wood, 32 x 14 cm, Staatliche Museen, Berlin
• The Stygmata of St. Francis (c. 1428-1430) - Oil on panel, 28 x 33, Galleria Sabauda, Turin
• Portrait of a Goldsmith (Man with Ring; c. 1430) - Wood, 16.6 x 13.2 cm, Romanian National Museum, Bucharest
• St. John the Evangelist (1432) - Oil on panel, 149.1 x 55.1 cm, Saint Bavo Cathedral, Ghent
• Ghent Altarpiece (1432) - Oil on panel, Saint Bavo Cathedral, Ghent
• Portrait of a Young Man (Tymotheos; 1432) - Oil on wood, 34.5 x 19 cm, National Gallery, London
• Madonna with the Child Reading (1433) - Oil on wood, 26.5 x 19.5 cm, National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne
• Portrait of a Man in a Turban (1433) - Oil on panel, 25.5 x 19 cm, National Gallery, London
• Arnolfini Portrait (1434) - Oil on panel, 82 x 59.5 cm, National Gallery, London
• The Virgin of Chancellor Rolin (1435) - Wood, 66 x 62 cm, Musée du Louvre, Paris
• Portrait of Niccolò Albergati (c. 1435) - Oil on panel, 34 x 27.5 cm, Kunsthistoriches Museum, Vienna
• Portrait of a Man with Carnation (c. 1435) - Oil on wood, 40 x 31 cm, Staatliche Museen, Berlin
• Portrait of Baudouin de Lannoy (c. 1435) - Oil on wood, 26 x 20 cm, Staatliche Museen, Berlin
• Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini (c. 1435) - Oil on wood, 29 x 20 cm, Staatliche Museen, Berlin
• Madonna and Child (Lucca Madonna or Suckling Madonna, 1436) - Oil on panel, 65.5 x 49.5 cm, Städelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt
• The Madonna with Canon van der Paele (1436) - Oil on wood, 122 x 157 cm, Groeningemuseum, Bruges
• Portrait of Jan de Leeuw (1436) - Oil on wood, 24.5 x 19 cm, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
• St. Barbara (1437) - Grisaille on wood, 31 x 18.5, Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Antwerp
• Head of Christ (1438), copy - Staatliche Museen, Berlin, and Alte Pinakothek, Munich
• Portrait of Margareta van Eyck (1439) - Oil on wood, 32.6 x 25.8 cm, Groeningemuseum, Bruges
• Madonna and Child at the Fountain (1439) - Oil on wood, 19 x 12 cm, Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Antwerp
• Portrait of Christ (1440) - Oak panel, 33.4 x 26.8 cm, Groeningemuseum, Bruges
• St. Jerome (1440) - Oil on parchment on oak panel, 20 x 12.5 cm, Detroit Institute of Art, Detroit

Metropolitan Museum of Art New York Elevation The Metropolitan Museum of Art, often referred to simply as the Met, is one of the worlds largest and most important art museums. ... This article is about the state. ... The Galleria Sabauda (Sabauda Gallery) is an art collection in Turin, Italy, which contains the royal art collections amassed by the House of Savoy over the centuries. ... For other uses, see Turin (disambiguation). ... The Saint Bavo Cathedral (also known as Sint-Baafs Cathedral, or the Dutch Sint Baafskathedraal) is the seat of the diocese of Ghent. ... This article is about the Belgian city. ... Opened view of the polyptych. ... The Madonna with Child Reading is an oil painting attributed to the Early Netherlandish master Jan van Eyck, from 1433. ... The Portrait of a Man (Self Portrait?)[1] , also often known as Portrait of a Man in a Turban, or in a red turban, etc, is an oil painting by the Early Netherlandish master Jan van Eyck, from 1433. ... Londons National Gallery, founded in 1824, houses a rich collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900 in its home on Trafalgar Square. ... The Arnolfini Portrait, The Arnolfini Wedding, The Arnolfini Marriage or the Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife (or various other titles) is a 1434 painting in oil on oak panel by the Early Netherlandish painter Jan van Eyck. ... Detail of the Virgins mantle. ... The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre) in Paris, France, is one of the largest and most famous museums in the world. ... Madonna in Green by Raffaello Tower of Babel by Pieter Brueghel. ... For other uses, see Vienna (disambiguation). ... Map of Museum Island (in red) Museum Island (or, in German, Museumsinsel) in Berlin, Germany, is the name of the northern half of the Spreeinsel, an island in the Spree river, in the center of the city. ... This article is about the capital of Germany. ... The Lucca Madonna is an oil painting of the Madonna and Child by the Early Netherlandish master Jan van Eyck, from 1436. ... Städel Art Museum The Städel, officially the Städelsches Kunstinstitut und Städtische Galerie, is an art museum in Frankfurt am Main with one of the most important collections in Germany. ... For other uses, see Frankfurt (disambiguation). ... The Groeningemuseum is a Municipal Museum of Bruges, Belgium It houses a comprehensive survey of six centuries of Flemish and Belgian painting, from Jan van Eyck to Marcel Broodthaers. ... Geography Country Belgium Community Flemish Community Region Flemish Region Province West Flanders Arrondissement Bruges Coordinates , , Area 138. ... The Royal Museum of Fine Arts of Antwerp (Dutch: Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten van Antwerpen), founded in 1810, houses a collection of paintings, sculptures and drawings from the fourteenth to the twentieth centuries. ... The front entrance of the DIA on Woodward Avenue. ... Motto: Speramus Meliora; Resurget Cineribus (We Hope For Better Things; It Shall Rise From the Ashes - this motto was adopted after the disastrous 1805 fire that devastated the city) Nickname: The Motor City and Motown Location in Wayne County, Michigan Founded Incorporated July 24, 1701 1815  County Wayne County Mayor...

References

The Ghent Altarpiece: The Adoration of the Mystic Lamb (interior view), painted 1432.

The Ghent Altarpiece: Knights of Christ

General

• Ainsworth, Maryan M. and Keith Christiansen, eds. From Van Eyck to Bruegel Early Netherlandish Painting in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1998.
• L.J. Bol, Jan Van Eyck reprint: Barnes & Noble Art Series
• Campbell, Lorne. The Fifteenth-Century Netherlandish Paintings. National Gallery, London. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998. (Good article on the Arnolfini Double Portrait)
• Foister, Susan, Sue Jones and Delphine Cool, eds. Investigating Jan van Eyck. Turnhout: Brepols, 2000.
• Friedländer, Max J. Early Netherlandish Painting. Translated by Heinz Norden. Leiden: Praeger,
• Craig Harbison, Jan van Eyck: The Play of Realism. Sources of van Eyck's realist tradition in fifteenth century Netherlandish art.
• Pächt, Otto. Van Eyck and the Founders of Early Netherlandish Painting. New York: Harvey Miller, 2000
• Panofsky, Erwin. Early Netherlandish Painting. London: Harper Collins, 1971

Source documents

• Baxandall, Michael. “Bartholomaeus Facius on Painting: A Fifteenth-Century Manuscipt of De Viris Illustribus.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
• Laborde, Léon, marquis de. Les ducs de Bourgogne, études sur les lettres, les arts et l'industrie pendant le XVe siècle et plus particulièrement dans les Pays-Bas et le duché de Bourgogne. 3 vols. Paris: Plon frères,
• Paviot, Jacques. “La Vie de Jan van Eyck selon les Documents écrits,” Revue des archéologues et historiens d'art de Louvain XXIII
• Weale, James, W. H. Hubert and John van Eyck: Their Life and Work. London: John Lane, 1908

Ghent Altarpiece

• Dhanens, Elisabeth. Van Eyck: The Ghent Altarpiece. New York: Viking Press, 1973

Technical Analysis

• Asperen de Boer, J. R. J. van. “A Scientific Re-examination of the Ghent Altarpiece” Oud Holland

The Undocumented Early Years

• Buren, Anne H. van, ed. Heures de Turin-Milan: Inv. no 47, Museo Civico d'Arte Antica, Torino. Lucerne: Faksimile Verlag, 1996.
• Sterling, Charles. “Jan van Eyck avant 1432” Revue de l’art) 7-82

Relation to Contemporery European Art

• Belozerskaya, Marina. Rethinking the Renaissance: Burgundian Arts Across Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002
• Borchert, Till-Holger ed. Age of Van Eyck: The Mediterranean World and Early Netherlandish Painting,. Exh. cat. Groeningemuseum, Stedelijke Musea Brugge. Bruges: Luidon, 2002
• Nuttall, Paula. From Flanders to Florence: The Impact of Netherlandish Painting. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004
• Weiss, Roberto. “Jan van Eyck and the Italians” Italian Studies XI (1956) 1-15

General Information about the 15th-Century Burgundian Court

• Huizinga, Johan. The Autumn of the Middle Ages. Translated by Rodney J. Payton and Ulrich Mammitzsch. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996 (called in other edns "The Waning of the Middle Ages")
• Vaughan, Philip R. Philip the Good: The Apogee of Burgundy. UK: Boydell & Brewer, 2002

Hubert van Eyck, The Ghent Altarpiece “The Adoration of the Lamb”, painted 1432. ... Hubert van Eyck, The Ghent Altarpiece “The Adoration of the Lamb”, painted 1432. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (593x1785, 726 KB) Jan van Eyck painting Ghent Altarpiece, finished 1432. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (593x1785, 726 KB) Jan van Eyck painting Ghent Altarpiece, finished 1432. ... Michael Baxandall is a prominent art historian and a professor emeritus of Art History at University of California, Berkeley. ...

Footnotes

External links

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• Web Gallery of Art
• Jan van Eyck Gallery at MuseumSyndicate