Jangladesh is a region of northern Rajasthan state in India. It includes the present-day districts of Bikaner, Churu, Ganganagar, and Hanumangarh. It corresponds to the former princely state of Bikaner, which was founded in the 15th century and persisted until shortly after India's Independence in 1947. What follows is a list of unofficial, or quasi-official regions of India. ... , Rājasthān (DevanāgarÄ«: राजस्थान, IPA: )   is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area but encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert (Thar Desert) which has an edge that parallels the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with... Bikaner District is a district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. ... Churu District is a district of Rajasthan state of western India. ... Ganganagar District is a district of Rajasthan state in western India. ... Hanumangarh District is a district of Rajasthan state of western India. ... A princely state is any state under the reign of a prince and is thus a principality taken in the broad sense. ... , Bikaner is a city in the northwest of the state of Rajasthan in western India. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ...

Geography

The general aspect of the region is one arid tract, without a single permanently running stream. It is part of Thar Desert. Its surface is overspread with undulating sand-hills, known as sand dunes, of from 20 to 100 ft. above the average level, and so loose that people and animals stepping off the beaten track sink as if in snow. The sand dunes keep shifting due to strong winds. Two streams, the Katli and Ghaggar, flow sporadically through the region, but disappear in its sands. Water is very scarce, and is raised from wells of from 250 to 340 ft. in depth. A few shallow salt lakes are filled by rain water, but they dry up on the setting in of the hot weather, leaving a thick crust of salt on their beds, which is used for commercial and domestic purposes. The inhabitants are very poor. They traditionally lived chiefly by pasturage rearing camels and horses of a fine breed, which fetched good prices. From the wool which their sheep yielded they manufactured every article of native dress and good blankets. The other traditional industries were leather work, sugar-refining, goldsmithing, ivory carving, iron, brass, copper, stone masonry, tanning, weaving, dyeing and carpentry. The principal towns are Bikaner, the former capital of the state, Churu, Rajgarh, Ratangarh and Reni. During famine years the population of cattle goes down drastically. The city of Bikaner has a railway station. The old city is surrounded by a stone wall, 6 ft. thick, 15 to 30 ft. high and 3.5 miles in circuit, with five gates and three sally-ports. The citadel is half a mile northeast of the city, and is surrounded by a rampart with bastions. The population of the city in 1901 was 53,075. There were manufactures of fine blankets and sugar-candy. A NASA satellite image of the Thar Desert, with the India-Pakistan border superimposed is found in canada, united states. ... This article is about the sand formations, for other meanings see Dune (disambiguation) Mesquite Flat Dunes in Death Valley National Park In physical geography, a dune is a hill of sand built by eolian (wind-related) processes. ... The Ghaggar is a seasonal river in India, flowing when water is available from monsoon rains. ... For other uses, see Camel (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 The horse (Equus caballus, sometimes seen as a subspecies of the Wild Horse, Equus ferus caballus) is a large odd-toed ungulate mammal, one of ten modern species of the genus Equus. ... A goldsmith creating a new ring A goldsmith is a metalworker who specializes in working with precious metals, usually to make jewelry. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... , Bikaner is a city in the northwest of the state of Rajasthan in western India. ... Churu (Hindi:चूरु) is a town in the desert region of Rajasthan, India. ... Rajgarh is a city and district in Madhya Pradesh state of central India. ... Ratangarh (रतनगढ) is a town of Churu district in Rajasthan, India. ... Reni is: Alan Wren, drummer for The Stone Roses a city in southern Ukraine, near the confluence of Prut and Danube rivers This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

History

Early history

Prior to Bika annexed the Jangladesh it was occupied by communities who elected Bika as their sovereign, had been stabilized therein for ages. According to James Tod as mentioned in his book "Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan (1829)" the Jangladesh region was inhabited by Jats or Jits, who had for ages been established in these arid abodes. At every stage of invasion to India the invaders had to encounter with the Jats of this region. At what period the Jats established themselves in the Indian desert is not known. By the 4th century they had spread up to Punjab in India. Bika a rajput surname often used in the western state of Rajasthan, India. ... James Tod (1782-1835), British officer and Oriental scholar, was born on March 20 1782, and went to India as a cadet in the Bengal army in 1799. ... Jats are now preeminently a farming community. ... JIT can stand for Just-in-time compilation - a technique for improving the performance of interpreter in computing Just in time - the business technique Jabber-ICQ-Transport This page concerning a three-letter acronym or abbreviation is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 4th century was that century which lasted from 301 to 400. ... Punjab, 1903 Punjab Province, 1909 Punjab (Persian: ‎, meaning Land of the five Rivers) (c. ...

Nearly the whole of the territory forming the boundaries of Bikaner was possessed by the six Jat/Rajput cantons namely:— , Bikaner is a city in the northwest of the state of Rajasthan in western India. ... The Jat people (IAST: , Hindi: , Punjabi: , Urdu: ‎) of Northern India and Pakistan, are descendants of Indo-Aryan/Indo-Scythian tribes. ... Rajput is a Caste among Hindus and Muslims in India, Pakistan and Nepal. ...

1. Poonia, 2, Godara, 3. Saran 4. Asiagh 5. Beniwal 6. Johiya Rajputs, or Joweya Punia or Poonia is a clan or gotra of jats in Rajasthan, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh in India. ... Godara is a clan or gotra of Jats found in Rajasthan, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi in India. ... Saharan or Saran is a gotra of jats in Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh in India. ... Asiagh or Asiyag or Sihag or Sehwag is a gotra of jats in Rajasthan, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh in India. ... Beniwal is a clan or gotra of jats in Rajasthan, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh in India. ... Joiya or Johiya(Urdu: جوئیہ) is a Rajput clan of Northern India and Pakistan. ... A Rajput (possibly from Sanskrit rāja-putra, son of a king) is a member of a prominent caste who live throughout northern and central India, primarily in the northwestern state of Rajasthan. ...

Each canton bore the name of the community, and was subdivided into districts. Besides the six Jat cantons, there were three more simultaneously wrested from Rajpoot proprietors ; namely Bhagore, the Kharriputta, and Mohilla. The six Jat cantons constituted the central and northern, while those of the Rajpoots formed the western and southern frontiers. Cantons : Number of villages in each canton and Districts included in them were as under : Rajput is a Caste among Hindus and Muslims in India, Pakistan and Nepal. ...

1. Poonia : Villages - 300 Districts : Bahaderan, Ajltpoor, Scedmookh, 'RaJgurh', Dadrewoh, Sankoo, etc. Punia or Poonia is a clan or gotra of jats in Rajasthan, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh in India. ... In Hinduism, Bhadra is a goddess of the hunt and one of Shivas servants. ... Sidhmukh is a town of historical importance located in Churu district of Rajasthan, India. ... Dadrewa is a village situated in Churu district of Rajasthan, India. ...

2. Beniwal : Villages - 150 Districts : Bookurko, Sondurie, Munohurpoor, Kooie, Bae, etc. Beniwal is a clan or gotra of jats in Rajasthan, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh in India. ...

3. Johiya Rajputs: Villages - 600 Districts : Jaetpoor, Koombanoh, Mahain, Peepa sir Uodigoor, etc. Joiya or Johiya(Urdu: جوئیہ) is a Rajput clan of Northern India and Pakistan. ... A Rajput (possibly from Sanskrit rāja-putra, son of a king) is a member of a prominent caste who live throughout northern and central India, primarily in the northwestern state of Rajasthan. ...

4. Asiagh : Villages - 150 Districts : Raotsir, Birmsir, Dandoosir, Gundaeli Asiagh or Asiyag or Sihag or Sehwag is a gotra of jats in Rajasthan, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh in India. ...

5. Saran : Villages - 100 Districts : Kaijur, Phoag, Boochawas, Sowae, Badinoo Sirsilah, etc. Saharan or Saran is a gotra of jats in Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh in India. ...

6. Godara : Villages - 700 Districts : Poondrasir, Gosensir (great), Shelihsir Gursisir, Garibdesir, Rungaysir, Kaloo, etc. Godara is a clan or gotra of Jats found in Rajasthan, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi in India. ...

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2200 villages Total in the six Cantons

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7. Bhagore : Villages - 300 Districts : Bikaner, Nal, Kailah, Rajasir, Suttasir Chatturgarh, Rindsir, Betnokh Bhavanipur, Jeimulsir, etc.

8. Mohil : Villages - 140 Districts - Chaupur (capital of Mohil), Saondan, Herasir, Gopalpur, Charwas, Beedasir, Ladnoo, Mulasir, Khurbooza ra kote

9. Kharri-putta or The Salt District 30

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2,670 villages Grand Total in all Cantons

Rule of Bika and after

In the 15th century the Jangladesh region was occupied by Rajput clans, Jats, and Muslims. About 1465 Bika, a Rathor Rajput, sixth son of Rao Jodha, king of Marwar, started out to conquer the country. By taking advantage of the rivalries of the clans he succeeded; in 1485 he built the small fort at the capital which still bears his name, and in 1488 began the building of the city itself. He died in 1504, and his successors gradually extended their possessions. In the reign of the Mughal emperor Akbar the kings of Bikaner were esteemed among the most loyal adherents of the empire, and in 1570 Akbar married a daughter of Rao Kalyan Singh. Kalyan's son, Rai Singh, always on the way up, who succeeded him in 1571, was one of Akbar's most distinguished generals and the first Raja of Bikaner; his daughter married Salim, afterwards the emperor Jahangir. Two other distinguished chiefs of the house were Raja Karan Singh (1631-1669), who in the struggle of the sons of Shah Jahan for the throne threw in his lot with Aurangzeb, and his eldest son, Anup Singh (1669-1698), who fought with distinction in the Deccan, was conspicuous in the capture of Golconda, and earned the title of maharaja. (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... Rajput is a Caste among Hindus and Muslims in India, Pakistan and Nepal. ... The Jat people (IAST: , Hindi: , Punjabi: , Urdu: ‎) of Northern India and Pakistan, are descendants of Indo-Aryan/Indo-Scythian tribes. ... Events July 13 - Battle of Montlhéry Troops of King Louis XI of France fight inconclusively against an army of the great nobles organized as the League of the Public Weal. ... The Rathore or Rathor are a Rajput clan from western Rajasthan in India. ... Rao Jodha was a suryavanshi rajput of rathore cula. ... // Events August 5-7 - First outbreak of sweating sickness in England begins August 22 - Battle of Bosworth Field is fought between the armies of King Richard III of England and rival claimant to the throne of England Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond. ... // January 8 - The present Royal Netherlands Navy was formed By decree of Maximillian of Austria. ... 1504 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Mughal Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the word Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Events January 23 - The assassination of regent James Stewart, Earl of Moray throws Scotland into civil war February 25 - Pope Pius V excommunicates Queen Elizabeth I of England with the bull Regnans in Excelsis May 20 - Abraham Ortelius issues the first modern atlas. ... n ... Shahbuddin Mohammed Shah Jahan (also spelled Shah Jehan, Shahjehan. ... Aurangzeb (Persian: (November 3, 1618 – March 3, 1707), also known as Alamgir I, was the ruler of the Mughal Empire from 1658 until 1707. ... The Deccan Plateau is a vast plateau in India, encompassing most of Central and Southern India. ... Golconda is a ruined city and fortress 11 km west of the city of Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh state, India. ... It has been suggested that Maharaj be merged into this article or section. ...

From this time forward the history of Bikaner was mainly that of the wars with Marwar, which raged intermittently throughout the 18th century. In 1802, during one of these wars, Mountstuart Elphinstone passed through Bikaner on his way to Kabul; and Maharaja Surat Singh (1788-1828), applied to him for British protection, which was, however, refused. In 1815 Surat Singh's tyranny led to a general rising of his thakurs, and in 1816 the maharaja again applied for British protection. On 9 May 1818 a treaty was concluded, and order was restored in the country by British troops. Ratan Singh, who succeeded his father in 1828, applied in vain in 1830 to the British government for aid against a fresh outbreak of his thakurs; but during the next five years banditry became so rife on the borders that the government raised a special force to deal with it (the Shekhawati Brigade), and of this for seven years Bikaner contributed part of the cost. Henceforth the relations of the maharajas with the British government were increasingly cordial. In 1842 Ratan Singh supplied camels for the Afghan expedition; in 1844 he reduced the dues on goods passing through his country, and he gave assistance in both Sikh campaigns. His son, Sardar Singh (1851-1872), was rewarded for help given during the Revolt of 1857 by an increase of territory. In 1868 a rising of the thakurs against his extortions led to the despatch of a British political officer, by whom affairs were adjusted. (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Mountstuart Elphinstone (1779 - November 20, 1859) was a Scottish statesman and historian, associated with the British government of India. ... For other places with the same name, see Kabul (disambiguation). ... April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ... ... 1816 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... May 9 is the 129th day of the year (130th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1818 (MDCCCXVIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar. ... Year 1828 (MDCCCXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Jan. ... An engraving titled Sepoy Indian troops dividing the spoils after their mutiny against British rule gives a contemporary view of events from the British perspective. ... Media:Example. ...

Sardar Singh had no son, and on his death in 1872 his widow and principal ministers selected Dungar Singh as his successor, with the approval of the British government. The principal event of his reign was the rebellion of the thakurs in 1883, owing to an attempt to increase the dues payable in lieu of military service; this led to the permanent location at Bikanir of a British political agent. Dungar Singh died in 1887 without a son; but he had adopted his brother, Ganga Singh (born 1880), who succeeded as 21st ruler of Bikaner with the approval of the government. He was educated at the Mayo College at Ajmer, and was invested with full powers in 1898. He attended King Edward's coronation in 1902, and accompanied the British army in person in the Chinese campaign of 1901 in command of the Bikaner Camel Corps, which also did good service in Somaliland in 1904. For his conspicuous services he was given the Kaisar-i-Hind medal of the first class, made an honorary major in the Indian army, a G.C.I.E., a K.C.S.I., and A.D.C. to the Prince of Wales.The military force consisted of 500 men, besides the Imperial Service Corps of the same strength. Year 1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1887 (MDCCCLXXXVII) is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. ... Ajmer   , or Ajmere, is a city in Ajmer District in Indias Rajasthan state. ... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Motto لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله  (Arabic) Lā ilāhā illā-llāhu; muhammadun rasÅ«lu-llāhi  (transliteration) There is no God but Allah; Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah And also : Justice, Peace, Freedom, Democracy and Success for All Anthem Saamo ku waar Capital Hargeisa (1941-1960) (1991 - present) Official languages Somali and... 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (see link for calendar). ... The Prince of Wales Feathers. This Heraldic badge of the Heir Apparent is derived from the ostrich feathers borne by Edward, the Black Prince. ...

The state owes to this ruler the opening up of new railways across the great desert, which was formerly passable only by camels, and the tapping of the valuable coal deposits that occur in the territory. The railway from Jodhpur had been extended towards Bhatinda in the Punjab; on the northern border, the Ghaggar canal in the Punjab irrigated about 5000 acres (20 km²). Bhatinda is a city in southern Punjab, India. ... , This article is about the Indian state of Punjab. ...

Drought is a common occurrence, and the region faced the most severe famine in 1899-1900. In 1901 the population was 584,627, showing a decrease of 30% due to the results of famine. The schools included a high school affiliated to the University of Allahabad, a school for the sons of nobles, and a girls school called after Lady Elgin. The famine of 1899-1900 was severely felt. A famine is a social and economic crisis that is commonly accompanied by widespread malnutrition, starvation, epidemic and increased mortality. ... Year 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar, but a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. ... Allahabad University Logo Allahabad University is an institution of higher learning located in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. ...

When Ganga Singh died in 1943 he was succeeded by the last reigning Maharaja, Sadul Singh, who acceded his kingdom to newly-independent India on 7 April 1949. April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1949 calendar). ...