Saint Januarius
Traditional portrait of St. Januarius
Bishop and Martyr
Born	unknown, Joppolo (Calabria) or Naples[1]
Died	c. 305, Naples or Pozzuoli[1]
Venerated in	Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches
Feast	19 September, 16 December[1]
Patronage	blood banks; Naples; volcanic eruptions[1]
Saints Portal

Januarius is the name of the month in the ancient Roman calendar, called January in English.

Januarius is the name of one of the sons of Saint Felicitas of Rome.

Saint Januarius, or San Gennaro, bishop of Benevento, is a saint and martyr in both the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox traditions. According to legendary sources, he died in 305 during the persecution of Diocletian near Puteoli at the sulphur mines near the Solfatara, where he was visiting imprisoned deacons. After many tortures he was beheaded along with many other companions (see Saint Proculus of Pozzuoli). According to an early hagiography,^[2] his relics were first translated to the catacombs, called from his presence there of San Gennaro extra moenium by Saint Severus, bishop of Naples. Later the body was removed to Beneventum by Sico, duke of Benevento, then, in the turmoil at the time of Frederick Barbarossa, to the abbey of Montevergine, where the relics were rediscovered in 1480. At the instigation of Oliviero Cardinal Carafa, his body was translated in 1497 to Naples, of which he is now the chief patron saint. Carafa commissioned the richly decorated Succorpo in the crypt of the cathedral to properly house the reunited relics, for the saint's head had remained in Naples; it was finished in 1506 and is a prominent monument of the High Renaissance in the city^[3] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Location of the city of Naples (red dot) within Italy. ... Events May 1 - Diocletian and Maximian, emperors of Rome, retire from office. ... Location of the city of Naples (red dot) within Italy. ... Pozzuoli is a city of the province of Napoli, in the Italian region of Campania. ... Catholic Church redirects here. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Coptic Orthodox Pope · Roman Catholic Pope Archbishop of Canterbury · Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      Faith... The calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organising a liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with one or more saints, and referring to the day as that saints day. ... is the 262nd day of the year (263rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Saint Quentin is the patron saint of locksmiths and is also invoked against coughs and sneezes. ... A blood bank is a cache or bank of blood or blood components, gathered as a result of blood donation, stored and preserved for later use in blood transfusions. ... Location of the city of Naples (red dot) within Italy. ... This article is about volcanoes in geology. ... Image File history File links Gloriole. ... The Roman calendar changed its form several times in the time between the foundation of Rome and the fall of the Roman Empire. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Felicitas (Felicity) of Rome (2nd century) is a Christian saint. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      This article... Benevento is a town and comune of Campania, Italy, capital of the province of Benevento, 50 km northeast of Naples. ... For other uses, see Saint (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Martyr (disambiguation). ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... Eastern Orthodoxy (also called Greek Orthodoxy and Russian Orthodoxy) is a Christian tradition which represents the majority of Eastern Christianity. ... Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus (c. ... Puteoli, the ancient predecessor of Pozzuoli, was an Italian city of Roman times on the coast of Campania, on the north shore of a bay running north from the Bay of Naples. ... For the chemical element see: sulfur. ... Sulfur at the solfatara crater Solfatara is a shallow volcanic crater at Pozzuoli, near Naples, and is part of the Campi Flegrei volcanic area. ... For other uses, see Deacon (disambiguation). ... Decapitation (from Latin, caput, capitis, meaning head), or beheading, is the removal of a living organisms head. ... Saint Proculus (Proclus) of Pozzuoli ( San Procolo) was martyred around 305 AD along with Saints Acutius, Eutyches (Eutychius), Gantiol, and Artemas. ... Hagiography is the study of saints. ... Benevento is a town and archiepiscopal see of Campania, Italy, capital of the province of Benevento, 32 miles northeast of Naples. ... Oliviero Carafa (1430 - 20 January 1511) was an Italian Cardinal and diplomat of the Renaissance. ... Location of the city of Naples (red dot) within Italy. ... Saint Quentin is the patron saint of locksmiths and is also invoked against coughs and sneezes. ... The Creation of Adam, Michelangelos fresco from the . ...

Blood miracle and veneration

His feast day is celebrated September 19,^[4] in the calendar of the Catholic Church and in the new calendar of the Eastern Orthodox Church, despite very limited information about his life and works, primarily due to the reputed miracle of the annual liquefaction of his blood, first reported in 1389.^[5] The dried blood is safely stored in small capsules in a reliquary. When these capsules are brought into the vicinity of his body on his feast day or on the Saturday before the first Sunday in May, the dried blood becomes liquid. The calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organising a liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with a saint, and referring to the day as the saints day of that saint. ... is the 262nd day of the year (263rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A miracle, derived from the old Latin word miraculum meaning something wonderful, is a striking interposition of divine intervention by God in the universe by which the ordinary course and operation of Nature is overruled, suspended, or modified. ... Human blood smear: a - erythrocytes; b - neutrophil; c - eosinophil; d - lymphocyte. ... A relic is an object, especially a piece of the body or a personal item of someone of religious significance, carefully preserved with an air of veneration as a tangible memorial, Relics are an important aspect of Buddhism, some denominations of Christianity, Hinduism, shamanism, and many other personal belief systems. ...

Thousands of persons assemble to witness this event in the cathedral of Naples each year. The archbishop, at the high altar amid prayers and invocations holds up a glass phial that is said to contain the dried blood of San Gennaro, the city’s patron saint, and declares that it has liquefied. The announcement of the liquefaction is greeted with a 21-gun salute at the 13th-century Castel Nuovo. A phial is a small cylindrical container usually used for the storage of medicines. ... A gun salute being fired by members of the The 21-gun salute is a ceremonial military honour performed when 21 rounds are fired from a cannon, rifle, or other form of firearm. ... Castel Nuovo. ...

Martyrdom of Saint Januarius (1727) by Girolamo Pesce (1679-1759).

The ceremony takes place three times a year, each occasion celebrating a different aspect of the saint's importance. The most famous is on San Gennaro's feast day on 19 September, and this commemorates the Gennaro as martyr. It occurs on 16 December and celebrates his patronage of both Naples and of the archdiocese. And it happens as well as in May for the commoration of the relocation of the relics, and for this festival it begins the Saturday before the first Sunday of the month and continues for eight more days. [1] The first recorded reference to the 'miracle of the blood' was in 1389. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 420 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (552 × 788 pixels, file size: 136 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Martyrdom of Saint Januarius (1727) By Girolamo Pesce (1679-1759) Oil on canvas, 262 x 193 cm Bishops Library, Vác, Hungary Found at this... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 420 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (552 × 788 pixels, file size: 136 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Martyrdom of Saint Januarius (1727) By Girolamo Pesce (1679-1759) Oil on canvas, 262 x 193 cm Bishops Library, Vác, Hungary Found at this... Events February 24 - Margaret I defeats Albert in battle, thus becoming ruler of Denmark, Norway and Sweden June 28 - Battle of Kosovo between Serbs and Ottomans. ...

The liquefaction sometimes takes place almost immediately, or can take hours, even days.

For the Italian population of Little Italy, Manhattan, and other New Yorkers, the Feast of San Gennaro is a highlight of the year, when the saint's polychrome statue is carried through the streets and a blocks-long street fair ensues. Food vendors line the streets of Little Italy. ... Facing south on Mulberry Street during the 2006 Festival. ... Polychrome is one of the terms used to describe the use of multiple colors in one entity. ...

The Feast of San Gennaro Los Angeles, founded by Jimmy Kimmel and Doug DeLuca in 2002, is a major annual event held every September in Hollywood. for more information, go to www.feastofla.org

Historian Eric Hobsbawm mentions the "blood miracle" as a historical example to explain the sources of nationalism in his Nations and Nationalism since 1780 : programme, myth, reality. Eric John Earnest Hobsbawm CH (born June 8, 1917 in Alexandria, Egypt) is a British Marxist historian and author. ... Eugène Delacroixs Liberty Leading the People, symbolising French nationalism during the July Revolution 1830. ...

The Spire of the Cathedral of San Gennaro in Naples is the work of Baroque archictect Cosimo Fanzago.

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The 17th century apse. ... Cosimo Fanzago (1591-1678) was an Italian Baroque Sculptor active in Naples. ...

Scientific scrutiny

John Henry Cardinal Newman attested the miracle of the liquifaction: J H Newman age 23 when he preached his first sermon. ...

I think it impossible to withstand the evidence which is brought for the liquifaction of the blood of St. Januarius at Naples and for the motion of the eyes in the pictures of the Madonna in the Papal States^[6]

Critics suggest that the liquefaction miracle involves not blood but rather a thixotropic gel, such as hydrated iron oxide, or FeO(OH).^[7] In such a substance viscosity increases if left unstirred and decreases if stirred or moved.^[8][9] Thixotropy is the property of some non-newtonian pseudoplastic fluids to show a time-dependent change in viscosity; the longer the fluid undergoes shear, the lower its viscosity. ... In optical filters and theatrical lighting a color gel is a transparent or translucent colored panel used to change the color of transmitted light. ... Iron(III) oxide-hydroxide (FeO(OH)), also called hydrated iron oxide and yellow iron oxide, is an oxide-hydroxide of iron. ...

Additionally, Joe Nickell notes that Joe Nickell was born December 1, 1944 and is a prominent investigator of the paranormal. ...

For other uses, see SIC. Sic is a Latin word, originally sicut [1] meaning thus, so, or just as that. In writing, it is placed within square brackets and usually italicized — [sic] — to indicate that an incorrect or unusual spelling, phrase, punctuation, and/or other preceding quoted material has been...

See also

• Cathedral of Naples
• Feast of San Gennaro, held annually in New York

The 17th century apse. ... Facing south on Mulberry Street during the 2006 Festival. ...

Notes

IS it possible to please include a photograph af the painting: St Januarius Emerging from the Furnace, in this web page. This image is very hard for me to find on the net... Thank you. Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 265th day of the year (266th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Journal of Scientific Exploration is a quarterly publication of the Society for Scientific Exploration (founded in 1982). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom (and the Kingdom of Great Britain before the United Kingdom existed) since 1788 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... March is the third month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• The Blood of St. Januarius by CICAP, the Italian Committee for the Investigation of Claims on the Paranormal
• San Gennaro
• New York's Feast of San Gennaro
• The Blood Still Boils by Doug Skinner, Fate, July 2006