The Japanese Red Army (Japanese: 日本赤軍, Nihon Sekigun) (JRA) is a terrorist group founded by Fusako Shigenobu in February 1971 after she broke away from the Japanese Communist League-Red Army Faction. The group had about 400 members at its height and was at one time one of the best-known armed leftist groups in the world.^{[citation needed]} The JRA has close ties to the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). By the early 1980s, the JRA was no longer active in Japan and was almost entirely dependent on the PFLP for financing, training and weaponry. This article is becoming very long. ... Fusako Shigenobu (重信 房子; Shigenobu Fusako, born September 3, 1945), was the female leader of the Japanese Red Army. ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday. ... The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) (Arabic الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين - al-jabhah al-sha`biyyah li-tahrÄ«r filastÄ«n) is a Marxist-Leninist, nationalist Palestinian political and military organization, founded in 1967. ... The 1980s refers to the years from 1980 to 1989. ... Finance addresses the ways in which individuals, business entities and other organizations allocate and use monetary resources over time. ... Training refers to the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and competencies as a result of the teaching of vocational or practical skills and knowledge that relates to specific useful skills obtained thru time. ... The bayonet is used as both knife and spear. ...

The JRA's stated goals are to overthrow the Japanese government and monarchy and to start a world revolution. There is still dispute as to whether Japan is a constitutional monarchy or a republic. ... “Kingdom” redirects here. ... The storming of the Bastille, 14 July 1789 during the French Revolution. ...

The group is also known as the Anti-Imperialist International Brigade (AIIB), Nippon Sekigun, Nihon Sekigun, Holy War Brigade, and the Anti-War Democratic Front.

Members

• Haruo Wako, former leader, arrested in February 1997
• Osamu Maruoka, former leader, arrested in November 1987.
• Fusako Shigenobu, founder and leader. In November 2000, she was arrested in Osaka, Japan. This surprised many people since she was thought to live in Lebanon. Shigenobu is accused of orchestrating attacks, kidnappings and hijackings. At one time labeled by critics as "the most feared female terrorist in the world"^{[citation needed]}, she helped plan the 1972 incident at Lod Airport. A court in Tokyo sentenced her in February 2006 to serve 20 years in prison.
• Yu Kikumura was arrested with explosives on the New Jersey Turnpike in 1988 and served a long prison sentence in the United States. In April 2007 Kikumura was released from US incarceration and immediately arrested upon his return to Japan.
• Yoshimi Tanaka was sentenced to 12 years for the hijacking that ended in North Korea.
• Yukiko Ekita, a long-time JRA activist, was arrested in March 1995 in Romania and subsequently deported to Japan. She received a sentence of 20 years for attempted murder and violating the explosives law in a series of bombings targeting large companies in 1974 and 1975. The trial of Ekita was originally started in 1975 but was suspended when she was released from prison in 1977. Her release was part of a deal with the Japanese Red Army during the hijacking of a Japanese airliner to Bangladesh.
• Kozo Okamoto was one of the members involved in the attack on the Israeli Lod airport, now Ben Gurion International Airport, in 1972. He was jailed in Israel following the Tel Aviv airport attack. In May 1985, Okamoto was freed in an exchange of prisoners between Israeli and Palestinian forces. Subsequently, he was imprisoned in Lebanon for three years for forging visas and passports. The Lebanese authorities granted Okamoto asylum in 1999 because he fought against Israel.
• Masao Adachi, Kazuo Tohira, Haruo Wako, and Mariko Yamamoto were also imprisoned in Lebanon on charges of forgery yet were sent to Jordan. As the Jordanian authorities refused to allow them into Jordan, they were handed over to Japan. In January 2005, Yamamoto shoplifted dried cuttlefish (a Japanese popular relish taken with beer) at a supermarket in Tokyo and was arrested.
• The government hopes to extradite several others members from North Korea, which granted them asylum. The issue is one of several blocking the establishment of diplomatic ties between Pyongyang and Tokyo.

Haruo Wako was a member of the Japanese terrorist group, Japanese Red Army (JRA). ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Fusako Shigenobu (重信 房子; Shigenobu Fusako, born September 3, 1945), was the female leader of the Japanese Red Army. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Chicago Police Department arrests a man An arrest is the action of the police, or person acting under the law, to take a person into custody so that they may be forthcoming to answer for the commission of a crime. ... Osaka )   is a city in Japan, located at the mouth of the Yodo River on Osaka Bay, in the Kansai region of the main island of HonshÅ«. The city is the capital of Osaka Prefecture. ... On May 30, 1972 three members of the Japanese Red Army undertook a terrorist attack in Lod Airport in Tel Aviv on behalf of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. ... Yu Kikumura in Federal Prison. ... This article is concerned solely with chemical explosives. ... The New Jersey Turnpike is a toll road in New Jersey and is one of the most heavily traveled highways in the United States. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Deportation is the expelling of someone from a country. ... The Massive Ordnance Air Blast (MOAB) bomb produced in the United States. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... Kozo Okamoto (岡本公三 Okamoto Kōzō) was a member of the Japanese terrorist group, Japanese Red Army (JRA). ... Downtown area of Lod Lod (Hebrew לוֹד; Arabic اَلْلُدّْ al-Ludd, Greco-Latin Lydda, Tiberian Hebrew לֹד Lōḏ) is a city in the Center District of Israel in Israel. ... Ben Gurion International Airport or Ben Gurion Airport (Hebrew: ‎) (IATA: TLV, ICAO: LLBG), once widely known as Lod Airport, is located near Lod, 15 km southeast of Tel Aviv, and is the largest international airport in Israel. ... Tel-Aviv was founded on empty dunes north of the existing city of Jaffa. ... 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Forgery is the process of making or adapting objects or documents (see false document), with the intention to deceive. ... Entry visa valid in Schengen treaty countries. ... For other types of travel document, see Travel document. ... For the description of refugee as casually used for any person who has been forced to leave their home, see displaced person. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... Masao Adachi (足立正生 Adachi Masao, born May 13, 1939) was a Japanese screenwriter and director in the 1960s and 1970s. ... Haruo Wako was a member of the Japanese terrorist group, Japanese Red Army (JRA). ... Orders and Families †Vasseuriina †Vasseuriidae †Belosepiellidae Sepiina †Belosaepiidae Sepiadariidae Sepiidae Cuttlefish are marine animals of the order Sepiida belonging to the Cephalopoda class (which also includes squid, octopuses and nautiluses). ... Exterior of a typical British supermarket (a Tesco Extra) Exterior of typical North American supermarket (a Safeway) This Flagship Randalls store in Houston, Texas is an example of an upscale supermarket. ... Extradition is a formal process by which a criminal suspect held by one government is handed over to another government for trial or, if the suspect has already been tried and found guilty, to serve his or her sentence. ... Not to be confused with PyeongChang. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Activities

During the 1970s and 1980s, JRA carried out a series of attacks around the world, including: The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, In the Western world, the focus shifted from the social activism of the sixties to social activities for ones own pleasure, save for environmentalism, which continued in a very visible way. ... The 1980s refers to the years from 1980 to 1989. ...

• March 31, 1970: Nine members of the JRA's predecessor, the Japanese Communist League-Red Army Faction, conducted Japan's most infamous hijacking, that of Japan Airlines Flight 351, a domestic Japan Airlines Boeing 727 carrying 129 people at Tokyo International Airport. Wielding katanas and a bomb, they forced the plane to fly to Fukuoka and later Gimpo Airport in Seoul, where all the passengers were freed. It then flew to North Korea, where the hijackers abandoned the plane and the crewmembers were released. Tanaka was only one to be convicted. Three of Tanaka's alleged accomplices later died in North Korea and five remain there. According to Japan's National Police Agency, another accomplice may also have died in North Korea.^[1]
• May 30, 1972: The Lod Airport Massacre: an assault rifle (Sa vz.58) and grenade attack on Israel's Lod Airport in Tel Aviv, now Ben Gurion International Airport, killed 24 people; about 80 others were injured. Two of the three attackers then killed themselves with grenades. Some speculate that this act inspired later Palestinian suicide attacks.^{[citation needed]}
• July 1973: Red Army members led PFLP guerrillas in hijacking a Japan Airlines (JAL) plane over the Netherlands. The passengers and crew were released in Libya, where hijackers blew up the plane.
• January 1974: Laju incident: Red Army attacked a Shell facility in Singapore and took five hostages; simultaneously, the PFLP seized the Japanese embassy in Kuwait. The hostages were exchanged for a ransom and safe passage to South Yemen in a Japan Airlines plane.
• September 13, 1974: The French Embassy in The Hague, Netherlands was stormed. The ambassador and ten other people were taken hostage and a Dutch policewoman, Hanke Remmerswaal, was shot in the back, puncturing a lung. After lengthy negotiatons, the hostages were freed in exchange for the release of a jailed Red Army member (Yatuka Furuya), $300,000 and the use of a plane. The plane flew the hostage-takers first to Aden, South Yemen, where they were not accepted and then to Syria. Syria did not consider hostage taking for money revolutionary, and forced them to give up their ransom.
• August 1975: The Red Army took more than 50 hostages at the AIA building housing several embassies in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The hostages included the US consul and the Swedish charge d'affaires. The gunmen won the release of five imprisoned comrades and flew with them to Libya.
• September 1977: The Red Army hijacked Japan Airlines Flight 472 over India and forced it to land in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The Japanese Government freed six imprisoned members of the group and allegedly paid a $6m ransom.
• December 1977: A suspected lone member of the army hijacked Malaysia Airlines Flight 653. The flight was carrying the Cuban ambassador to Tokyo, Mario Garcia. The Boeing 737 then crashed killing all onboard after he shot both pilots and himself.
• May 1986: The Red Army fired mortar rounds at the embassies of Japan, Canada and the United States in Jakarta, Indonesia.
• June 1987: A similar attack was launched on the British and United States embassies in Rome, Italy.
• April 1988: Red Army members bombed the US military recreational (USO) club in Naples, Italy, killing five.
• In the same month, JRA operative Yu Kikumura was arrested with explosives on the New Jersey Turnpike highway, apparently to coincide with the USO bombing. He was convicted of these charges and served time in a United States prison until his release in April 2007. Upon his return to Japan he was immediately arrested on suspicion of using fraudulent travel documents.
• The JRA launched a series of 17 bombings on buildings belonging to large corporations, including Mitsui & Co. and Taisei Corp, injuring 20 people. Eight people were killed in the bombing of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd.'s head office building in Tokyo.

March 31 is the 90th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (91st in leap years), with 275 days remaining. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Japan Airlines Flight 351 was hijacked by nine members of the Japanese Communist Partys Red Army Faction (a predecessor of the Japanese Red Army) on March 31, 1970 while flying from Tokyo to Fukuoka, in an incident typically referred to in Japanese as the Yodo Hijacking ). The hijackers took... The Boeing 727 is a mid-size, narrow-body, three-engine commercial jet airliner. ... Tokyo International Airport ) (IATA: HND, ICAO: RJTT), located in Ota, Tokyo, Japan, is one of the two primary airports serving the Greater Tokyo Area. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Fukuoka Airport ) (IATA: FUK, ICAO: RJFF), is an international and domestic airport in Fukuoka, Japan. ... Gimpo Airport (formerly Kimpo International Airport) was the main international airport for Seoul and South Korea before it was replaced by Incheon International Airport in 2001. ... Seoul   is the capital of South Korea and is located on the Han River in the countrys northwest. ... At law, an accomplice is a person who actively participates in the commission of a crime, even though they take no part in the actual criminal offence. ... May 30 is the 150th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (151st in leap years). ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... On May 30, 1972 three members of the Japanese Red Army undertook a terrorist attack in Lod Airport in Tel Aviv on behalf of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. ... The AK-47 is the worlds most common assault rifle. ... The Vz 58 (Samopal vzor 58 in full) is a Czech assault rifle also known as Sa vz 58 or sometimes (incorrectly) CZ 58. ... Grenade may refer to: The well-known hand grenade commonly used by soldiers. ... Tel-Aviv was founded on empty dunes north of the existing city of Jaffa. ... Ben Gurion International Airport or Ben Gurion Airport (Hebrew: ‎) (IATA: TLV, ICAO: LLBG), once widely known as Lod Airport, is located near Lod, 15 km southeast of Tel Aviv, and is the largest international airport in Israel. ... The Laju incident occurred on 31 January 1974 in Singapore, when four armed men attacked the Shell oil refinery complex on Pulau Bukom and then hijacked a ferryboat Laju. ... Royal Dutch Shell PLC is a multinational oil company (oil major) of Anglo Dutch origin. ... Police often train to recover hostages taken by force, as in this exercise For the 2005 film, see Hostage (film). ... The term ransom refers to the practice of holding a prisoner to extort money or property extorted to secure their release, or to the sum of money involved. ... National motto: ??? Official language Arabic Capital Aden Area 287,680 km² Population  - Total (1973)  - Density 1,590,275 5. ... JAL Boeing 747-400 in 1989-2002 colour scheme JAL Cargo Boeing 747-400 (JA402J) waiting for take-off A JAL Boeing 767 in NAIA. JAL Boeing 747-400 Japan Airlines Corporation ) (TYO: 9205 ), or JAL, is the largest airline operator in Asia. ... September 13 is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years). ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Coordinates: Country Netherlands Province South Holland Area (2006)  - Municipality 98. ... Respiratory system The lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity. ... Port of Aden (around 1910). ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Japan Airlines Flight 472 was hijacked by the Japanese Red Army on September 28, 1977. ... Dhaka (previously Dacca; Bengali: Đhaka; IPA: ) is the capital of Bangladesh and the principal city of Dhaka District. ... Malaysia Airlines Flight 653 (MH653), a Boeing 737-2H6 registered as 9M-MBD (delivered in September 1972 as 9M-AQO), was a flight which crashed at Tanjong Kupang, Johor, in Malaysia on the evening of December 4, 1977. ... US soldier loading a M224 60-mm mortar. ... Jakarta (also Djakarta or DKI Jakarta), formerly known as Sunda Kelapa, Jayakarta and Batavia is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. ... Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area  - City 1,285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban 5... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The United Service Organizations The United Service Organizations (USO) is a volunteer organization that provides morale and recreational services to members of the U.S. military worldwide. ... “Napoli” redirects here. ... Yu Kikumura in Federal Prison. ... The New Jersey Turnpike is a toll road in New Jersey and is one of the most heavily traveled highways in the United States. ... Corporate redirects here. ... Mitsui (三井) is one of the largest corporate conglomerates (Keiretsu) in Japan and one of the largest publicly traded companies in the world. ... Mitsubishi Logo The Mitsubishi Group ), Mitsubishi Group of Companies, or Mitsubishi Companies, all refer to a large grouping of independently operated Japanese companies which share the Mitsubishi brand name. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

References

• Farrell, William. Blood and Rage, The Story of the Japanese Red Army. Lexington Books: Lexington, Massachusetts, USA. ISBN 0-669-19756-4
• Review of Blood and Rage

Notes