NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Japanese battleship Mikasa

Mikasa (三笠) is a pre-Dreadnought battleship, formerly of the Imperial Japanese Navy, launched in Britain in 1900. She served as the flagship of Admiral Togo Heihachiro during the Battle of Tsushima in 1905, during the Russo-Japanese War. Currently, she is preserved as a museum ship at Yokosuka. Mikasa is the last remaining example of a pre-dreadnought battleship anywhere in the world. USS Massachusetts, a pre-dreadnought battleship launched in 1893 The term pre-dreadnought refers to the kind of battleship built in the closing years of the 19th Century and the first years of the 20th century, and which was made obsolete by the launching of HMS Dreadnought in 1906. ... The firepower of a battleship demonstrated by USS Iowa A battleship is a large, heavily-armored warship with a main battery consisting of the largest caliber of guns. ... The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) (: å¤§æ—¥æœ¬å¸åœ‹æµ·è» Shinjitai: å¤§æ—¥æœ¬å¸å›½æµ·è» or æ—¥æœ¬æµ·è» Nippon Kaigun), officially Navy of Empire of Greater Japan, also known as the Japanese Navy or Combined Fleet was the Navy of Empire of Japan from 1869 until 1947, when it was dissolved following Japans constitutional renunciation of the use of force... Admiral Togo at the age of 55, shortly before the Russo-Japanese War Fleet Admiral Count TÅgÅ HeihachirÅ (æ±éƒ· å¹³å…«éƒŽ TÅgÅ HeihachirÅ OM, January 27, 1848 - 30 May 1934) was a Japanese Admiral and one of Japans greatest naval heroes. ... Combatants Empire of Japan Russian Empire Commanders Heihachiro Togo Zinovi Rozhdestvenski # Nikolai Nebogatov Strength 4 battleships 27 cruisers destroyers and auxiliary vessels 8 battleships 3 coastal battleships 8 cruisers Casualties 117 dead 583 injured 3 torpedo boats sunk 4,380 dead 5,917 captured 21 ships sunk 7 captured 6... Combatants Russian Empire Montenegro[1] Empire of Japan Commanders Emperor Nicholas II Aleksey Kuropatkin Stepan Makarov â€ Emperor Meiji Oyama Iwao Heihachiro Togo The Russoâ€“Japanese War (Japanese: Nichi-Ro SensÅ, Russian: , Chinese: , February 10, 1904 â€“ September 5, 1905) was a conflict that grew out of the rival imperialist ambitions of...

Background

Following the 1894–1895 Sino-Japanese conflict, and the forced return of the Liaotung peninsula to China under Russian pressure, Japan began to build up its military strength in preparation for further confrontations. In particular, Japan promulgated a ten-year naval build-up program, with the construction of six battleships and six armored cruisers at its core. Japan and Qing China fought the First Sino-Japanese War (or the Qing-Japanese War) during 1894 and 1895, primarily over control of Korea. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... USS Port Royal (CG-73), a Ticonderoga-class guided missile cruiser (really an uprated guided missile destroyer), launched in 1992. ...

One of these battleships, Mikasa, was ordered from the Vickers shipyard in Barrow-in-Furness, United Kingdom at the end of 1898, for delivery to Japan in 1902. She took three years to complete, at the great cost of £880,000 (8.8 million yen). Vickers was a famous name in British engineering that existed through many companies from 1828 until 2004. ... Barrow-in-Furness is a town in Cumbria, England. ...

That same year Japan also secured diplomatic and strategic support, by concluding the 1902 Anglo-Japanese Alliance with the world's first naval power. The UK shared Japan's wish to contain Russian expansionism in the far east, especially to protect its Chinese interests. The first Anglo-Japanese Alliance was signed in London on January 30, 1902 by Lord Lansdowne (British foreign secretary) and Hayashi Tadasu (Japanese minister in London). ...

A state-of-the-art battleship

At the time of her delivery, Mikasa was a state-of-the-art pre-dreadnought battleship, achieving an unprecedented combination of firepower and protective strength. She was adapted from the Royal Navy's latest Majestic class design, with increased displacement (15,140 tonnes against 14,900), improved speed (18 knots against 17), slightly stronger armament (two more 6 inch guns), and much stronger armour: she kept the same armour thicknesses but used high performance Krupp armour, around 50% stronger compared to the Harvey armour used by the Majestic class. This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons, a repository of free content hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. ... This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons, a repository of free content hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. ... USS Massachusetts, a pre-dreadnought battleship launched in 1893 The term pre-dreadnought refers to the kind of battleship built in the closing years of the 19th Century and the first years of the 20th century, and which was made obsolete by the launching of HMS Dreadnought in 1906. ... The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore the Senior Service). ... The Majestic class was a nine-ship class of pre-Dreadnought battleships, built under the Spencer Programme (named after the First Sea Lord, John Poyntz Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer). ... Krupp armour was a type of steel armour used in the construction of capital ships starting shortly before the end of the 19th century. ... Harvey armour was a type of steel armour developed in the early 1890s in which the front surfaces of the plates were case hardened. ...

Her main guns, grouped in armoured turrets in a central position, allowed for the rest of the ship to be evenly protected with the heavy Krupp protective steel plates. Thanks to this design, Mikasa was able to withstand a large number of direct hits: she received around 20 hits during the battle of the Yellow Sea on 10 August 1904, and around 30 hits during the battle of Tsushima, with only limited damage. The firepower and the longer range of the guns of Mikasa were also fully exploited by highly trained and effective Japanese gunners. Combatants Empire of Japan Russian Empire Commanders Admiral Heihachiro Togo, Vice Admiral Shigeto Dewa Admiral Wilgelm Vitgeft Strength 4 battleships, 2 armored cruisers, 8 cruisers, 18 destroyers, 30 torpedo boats 6 battleships, 4 cruisers, 14 destroyers Casualties 226 killed and wounded 343 killed and wounded Location within China The Battle... is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (see link for calendar). ... Combatants Empire of Japan Russian Empire Commanders Heihachiro Togo Zinovi Rozhdestvenski # Nikolai Nebogatov Strength 4 battleships 27 cruisers destroyers and auxiliary vessels 8 battleships 3 coastal battleships 8 cruisers Casualties 117 dead 583 injured 3 torpedo boats sunk 4,380 dead 5,917 captured 21 ships sunk 7 captured 6...

At Tsushima, Mikasa led the combined Japanese fleet into what has been called "the most decisive naval battle in history". The Russian fleet was almost completely annihilated: out of 38 Russian ships, 21 were sunk, 7 captured, 6 disarmed, 4,545 Russian servicemen died and 6,106 were taken prisoner. On the other hand, the Japanese only lost 116 men and 3 torpedo boats.

Historical significance

The performance of the Japanese fleet was observed and analysed by Western powers, and played an important role in the definition of the next generation of battleships (the Dreadnoughts), since the conflict "confirmed the greater efficiency of heavy guns and the importance of long-range gunfire." ("The Battleship Dreadnought" Conway Marine). The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... Combatants Empire of Japan Russian Empire Commanders Heihachiro Togo Zinovi Rozhdestvenski # Nikolai Nebogatov Strength 4 battleships 27 cruisers destroyers and auxiliary vessels 8 battleships 3 coastal battleships 8 cruisers Casualties 117 dead 583 injured 3 torpedo boats sunk 4,380 dead 5,917 captured 21 ships sunk 7 captured 6... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1232x815, 146 KB) Detailed Information of Japanese battleship Mikasa from JANES FIGHTING SHIPS 1906-07, Edited by Fred T. Jane, Published by Sampson Low, Marston, 1906 See also Image:Battleship Mikasa from JFS1906. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1232x815, 146 KB) Detailed Information of Japanese battleship Mikasa from JANES FIGHTING SHIPS 1906-07, Edited by Fred T. Jane, Published by Sampson Low, Marston, 1906 See also Image:Battleship Mikasa from JFS1906. ... This article is about a battleship as a type of warship. ... The sixth HMS Dreadnought of the Royal Navy was a revolutionary battleship which entered service in 1906. ...

Also, the defeat of the Russian fleet and the signature of the Treaty of Portsmouth (signed September 5), intensified unrest in Russia. In 1905 there were naval mutinies at Sevastopol, Vladivostok and Kronstadt, peaking in June, with the mutiny aboard the Battleship Potemkin. The Russian Revolution of 1905 culminated in October, when the Tsar was compelled to renounce his absolutist powers, and sign the October Manifesto. The Russian and Japanese delegates around the negotiating table at the Portsmouth Navy Yard St The Treaty of Portsmouth formally ended the 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War. ... is the 248th day of the year (249th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Russian battleship Potemkin. ... â€¹ The template below (Expand) is being considered for deletion. ... Tsar (Bulgarian, Serbian and Macedonian Ñ†Ð°Ñ€, Russian , in scientific transliteration respectively car and car ), occasionally spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English, is a Slavonic term designating certain monarchs. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: October Manifesto (in English) Ilya Repin 17 October 1905 The October Manifesto (Russian: ) was issued on October 17, 1905; October 30 in the Gregorian calendar) by Emperor Nicholas II of Russia under the influence of Count Sergei Witte as a response to...

Finally, the Japanese victory confirmed Japan's emergence as the pre-eminent power in Asia, and a force to be reckoned with on the international scene.

Today Mikasa is the last remaining battleship of the pre-dreadnought era. USS Massachusetts, a pre-dreadnought battleship launched in 1893 The term pre-dreadnought refers to the kind of battleship built in the closing years of the 19th Century and the first years of the 20th century, and which was made obsolete by the launching of HMS Dreadnought in 1906. ...

Later developments

Ironically, after the peace treaty with Russia was signed on 11 September 1905, Mikasa suffered a fire while in harbour in south Japan, at Sasebo. A magazine exploded and she sank in 11 meters of water. The explosion killed 339 crewmen, which was three times the number killed at Tsushima. Extensive efforts were made to refloat and salvage the ship, and after repeated attempts, she was refloated on 8 August 1906. is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... Illuminated by the Albuquerque Bridge, Japanese volunteers place candle lit lanterns into the Sasebo River during the Obon festival. ... is the 220th day of the year (221st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

After two years of repairs, the Mikasa was recommissioned and restored to active service; however she soon became obsolete following the development of newer types of vessels, especially the Dreadnoughts, and was derated to a 2nd class battleship, then to a 3rd class battleship, and on 1 September 1921, to that of a 1st class coast defense vessel. The sixth HMS Dreadnought of the Royal Navy was a revolutionary battleship which entered service in 1906. ... is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ...

The Mikasa ran aground during the Japanese intervention in Siberia during the Russian Civil War on 16 September 1921 in the Askold Channel while cruising in dense fog. She was recovered with the assistance of the Fuji, Kasuga, Yodo, and repaired at Vladivostok. After her return to Maizuru, her active deployment was terminated, and she was placed in the mothball fleet. The Russian Civil War (1917-1922) began immediately after the collapse of the Russian provisional government and the Bolshevik takeover of Petrograd, rapidly intensifying after the dissolution of the Russian Constituent Assembly and signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. ... // 1400 - Owain GlyndÅµr declared Prince of Wales by his followers. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Constructed by the Thames Iron Works and Armstrong Whitworth the Fuji and Yamashima were constructed between 1894-1896 and were commissioned in 1897. ... IJN Kasuga (æ˜¥æ—¥) was the lead ship of Kasuga-class armored cruisers of the Imperial Japanese Navy, designed and built by Ansaldo in Italy, where the type was known as the Garibaldi-class. ... IJN Yodo ) was the lead ship in the Yodo class of high speed cruisers in the Imperial Japanese Navy. ... Vladivostok (Russian: ) is the administrative center of Primorsky Krai, Russia, situated close to the Russo-Sino border and North Korea. ... Maizuru (舞鶴市; -shi) is a city located in Kyoto, Japan, on an inlet of the Sea of Japan. ...

Mikasa was decommissioned following the Washington Naval Treaty of 1921 and scheduled for destruction. However, at the request of the Japanese government, each of the signatory countries to the treaty agreed that the Mikasa be preserved as a memorial ship. On 12 November 1925, the Mikasa was put on display in Yokosuka, Japan. Image File history File links Japanese battleship Mikasa. ... Image File history File links Japanese battleship Mikasa. ... The Washington Naval Treaty limited the naval armaments of its five signatories: the United States, the British Empire, the Empire of Japan, the French Third Republic, and Italy. ... is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Categories: Cities in Kanagawa Prefecture | Japan geography stubs ...

During World War II she was bombed during the various raids by the USAAF. Following Japan's defeat, the American occupation forces confiscated Mikasa and dismantled her guns, leaving her in very poor state. The government of the Soviet Union made strong demands that the Mikasa be destroyed completely as a symbol of Russia's humiliation by Japan during the Russo-Japanese War^{[citation needed]}. The demands were dropped when the Soviet ambassador visited the ship and saw its extremely dilapidated state. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

A preservation movement resumed in 1958, with US participation through financial support and the direct involvement of Admiral Chester Nimitz. The restoration was completed on 27 May 1961, at a cost of 180 million yen. A substantial amount of the missing parts and fittings were provided from the Chilean Battleship Almirante Latorre, which was being scrapped in Japan at the time. Chester William Nimitz (February 24, 1885 â€“ February 20, 1966) was the Commander in Chief of Pacific Forces for the United States and Allied forces during World War II. He was the United States leading authority on submarines, as well as Chief of the Navys Bureau of Navigation in 1939. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other ships of the same name, see Almirante Latorre The Almirante Latorre (named after the Chilean Admiral Juan JosÃ© Latorre Benavente) was a battleship which served with the Chilean Navy from after World War I through World War II into the late 1950s. ...

Mikasa has been designated as one of the "Three Great Historical Warships of the World", together with Victory in Portsmouth, UK, and Constitution in Boston, USA.^[1] HMS Victory is a 104-gun ship of the line of the Royal Navy, built between 1759 and 1765. ... For other places with the same name, see Portsmouth (disambiguation). ... â€œ Old Ironsides â€ redirects here. ... Nickname: Location in Massachusetts, USA Coordinates: , Country United States State Massachusetts County Suffolk County Settled 1630 Incorporated (city) 1822 Government - Mayor Thomas M. Menino (D) Area - City 89. ...

Notes

Contents

Background

A state-of-the-art battleship

Historical significance

Later developments

Notes

See also

References

External links

Contents

Background var ACE_AR = {Site: '756743', Size: '300250'};

A state-of-the-art battleship

Historical significance

Later developments

Notes

See also

References

External links

Background