Japanese beetle
Conservation status
Secure
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Coleoptera Suborder: Polyphaga Infraorder: Scarabaeiformia Superfamily: Scarabaeoidea Family: Scarabaeidae Subfamily: Rutelinae Tribe: Anomalini Genus: Popillia Species: P. japonica
Binomial name
Popillia japonica Newman, 1841

Wikispecies has information related to:

Japanese beetle

The Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) is a beetle about 1.5 cm (0.6 inches) long and 1 cm (0.4 inches) wide (smaller in Canada), with shiny copper-colored elytra and a shiny green top of the thorax and head. It is not very destructive in Japan, where it is controlled by natural enemies, but in America it is a serious pest to rose bushes, grapes, crape myrtles, and other plants. It is a weak flyer and drops several centimeters when it hits a wall. Japanese beetle traps therefore consist of a pair of crossed walls with a bag underneath, and are baited with floral scent, pheromone, or both. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1262x882, 165 KB)Japanese Beetle, high quality macro. ... The conservation status of a species is an indicator of the likelihood of that species continuing to survive either in the present day or the future. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. ... “Animalia” redirects here. ... Subphyla and Classes Subphylum Trilobitomorpha Trilobita - trilobites (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata Arachnida - spiders,scorpions, etc. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Suborders Adephaga Archostemata Myxophaga Polyphaga See subgroups of the order Coleoptera Beetles are the most diverse group of insects. ... Infraorders Bostrichiformia Cucujiformia Elateriformia Scarabaeiformia Staphyliniformia The Polyphagans are the biggest and most diverse suborder of beetles. ... Polyphaga Infraorder Categories: Stub | Beetles ... Families See text. ... subfamily Aegialiinae Aphodiinae Cetoniinae Dynastinae Euchirinae Hopliinae Idiostominae Melolonthinae Orphninae Pachypodinae Phaenomerinae Phileurinae Rutelinae Scarabaeinae Sericinae Taurocerastinae Trichiinae Valginae Wikispecies has information related to: Scarabaeidae The family Scarabaeidae as presently defined consists of over 30,000 species of beetles worldwide. ... Species P. japonica Ref: List of Asian Popillia as of 2002-12-29 Popillia is a genus of scarab beetles. ... In biology, binomial nomenclature is the formal system of naming species. ... Edward Newman (May 13, 1801 - June 12, 1876) was an English entomologist, botanist and writer. ... 1841 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... GFDL Wikispecies logo File links The following pages link to this file: Solanaceae Species Asterias Homo (genus) Human Wikipedia:Template messages/Links Wikipedia:Template messages/All Homo floresiensis User talk:Tuneguru Template:Wikispecies Categories: GFDL images ... Wikispecies is a sister project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation that anybody can edit with a great potential use to students and researchers. ... Suborders Adephaga Archostemata Myxophaga Polyphaga See subgroups of the order Coleoptera Beetles are the most diverse group of insects. ... An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Elytra (sing: elytron) are modified, hardened forewings of certain insect orders, notably beetles (Coleoptera) and true bugs (Hemiptera). ... World map showing the Americas CIA political map of the Americas The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World consisting of the continents of North America[1], Central America and South America with their associated islands and regions. ... Floribunda Rose redirects here. ... It has been suggested that Veraison be merged into this article or section. ... Species About 50, including: Lagerstroemia indica Lagerstroemia speciosa The Crape-myrtles Lagerstroemia are a genus of about 50 species of deciduous and evergreen trees or large shrubs native to east Asia and Australia. ... Fanning honeybee exposes Nasonov gland (white-at tip of abdomen) releasing pheromone to entice swarm into an empty hive A pheromone is any chemical or set of chemicals produced by a living organism that transmits a message to other members of the same species. ...

Japanese beetles have a curious, identifying defense: they lift their hind legs up in the air, even when simply approached. These hind legs are spiny, and the behavior is probably intended to ward off predators.

These insects damage plants by eating the surface material, leaving the veins in place, producing a curious, but alarming to the experienced gardener, "transparent leaf" effect on its victims.

History

Map showing the parts of the United States currently infested by Japanese beetles.

As the name suggests, the Japanese beetle is native to Japan. The insect was first found in the United States in 1916 in a nursery near Riverton, New Jersey. It is thought that beetle larvae entered the United States in a shipment of iris bulbs prior to 1912 when inspections of commodities entering the country began. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... A nursery is a place where plants are propagated, usually for sale as a business, though some gardeners and farmers keep private nurseries. ... Riverton highlighted in Burlington County. ... Species See text Iris is a genus of between 200-300 species of flowering plants with showy flowers which takes its name from the Greek word for a rainbow, referring to the wide variety of flower colors found among the many species. ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

Life cycle

The Japanese beetle adult. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

A typical cluster of Japanese beetle eggs. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Japanese beetle larva. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Japanese beetle pupa. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

The life cycle of the beetle is typically one year in most parts of the United States, but this can be extended in cooler climates; for instance, in its native Japan, the beetle's life cycle is two years long as a result of the higher latitudes of the grasslands required for the larval stage. A larval insect A larva (Latin; plural larvae) is a juvenile form of animal with indirect development, undergoing metamorphosis (for example, insects or amphibians). ...

Control

During the larval stage, the Japanese beetle lives in lawns and other grasslands, where it eats the roots of grass. During that stage, it is susceptible to a fatal disease called milky spore disease, caused by a bacterium called milky spore, Bacillus popilliae. The USDA developed this biological control and it is commercially available in powder form for application to lawn areas. Standard applications (low density across a broad area) take from one to five years to establish maximal protection against larval survival (depending on climate), expanding through the soil through repeated rounds of infection, in-host multiplication, release from killed host, and infection. Typically proper application can lead to a 15-20 year period of protection.^[1] This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Subfamilies There are 7 subfamilies: Subfamily Arundinoideae Subfamily Bambusoideae Subfamily Centothecoideae Subfamily Chloridoideae Subfamily Panicoideae Subfamily Pooideae Subfamily Stipoideae The true grasses are monocotyledonous plants (Class Liliopsida) in the Family Poaceae, also known as Gramineae. ... Species Bacillus anthracis Bacillus cereus Bacillus coagulans Bacillus natto Bacillus subtilis Bacillus thuringiensis etc. ... The United States Department of Agriculture (also called the Agriculture Department, or USDA) is a United States Federal Executive Department (or Cabinet Department). ...

Soil-bound larvae are also susceptible to certain members of the nematode families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae. As with milky spore, commercial preparations of these nematode varieties are available. Classes Adenophorea    Subclass Enoplia    Subclass Chromadoria Secernentea    Subclass Rhabditia    Subclass Spiruria    Subclass Diplogasteria The nematodes or roundworms (Phylum Nematoda from Greek (nema): thread + -ode like) are one of the most common phyla of animals, with over 20,000 different described species (over 15,000 are parasitic). ...

The primary natural predator found in Japan is the winsome fly (Istocheta (or Hyperecteina) aldrichi), a parasitic fly. Attempts at establishing this predator in the United States have met with limited success, primarily in New England. Alternative predators have shown some potential at serving as biological controls, such as the Spring tiphia (Tiphia vernalis) and Fall tiphia (Tiphia popilliavora) from China and Korea. Also, certain birds (such as the meadowlark and cardinal) and small mammals are significant predators on the adult form. This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... This article is about the region in the United States of America. ... Biological control of pests and diseases Overview A key belief of the organic gardener is that diversity furthers health. ... Korea (Korean: 한국 in South Korea or 조선 in North Korea, see below) is a geographic area, civilization, and former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. ... Species Meadowlarks are birds belonging to the genus Sturnella in the New World family Icteridae. ... Genera Periporphyrus Saltator Caryothraustes Parkerthraustes Rhodothraupis Cardinalis Pheucticus Cyanocompsa Guiraca Passerina Spiza The Cardinals or Cardinalidae are a family of passerine birds living in North and South America. ...

On field crops such as eggplant, floating row covers can be used to exclude the beetles, however this may necessitate hand pollination of flowers. Kaolin sprays can also be used as barriers. Binomial name L. The eggplant, aubergine or brinjal (Solanum melongena) is a solanaceous plant bearing a fruit of the same name, commonly used as a vegetable in cooking. ... In agriculture, row cover is any material used as a protective covering to shield plants, usually vegetables, primarily from the undesirable effects of cold and wind, and also from insect damage. ... Hand pollination (also called mechanical pollination) is a technique used when natural, or open pollination is insufficient or undesirable. ... Kaolin Sprays are an insect barrier applied to orchard and field plants to exclude pests. ...

Research performed by many US extension service branches has shown that pheromone traps may attract more beetles than they catch, and so they have fallen out of favor.^[2] Natural repellents include catnip, chives, garlic, and tansy^[3], as well as the remains of dead beetles. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Nepeta. ... Binomial name Allium schoenoprasum L. Chives (Allium schoenoprasum), is the smallest species of the onion family[1] Alliaceae, native to Europe, Asia and North America[2]. They are referred to only in the plural, because they grow in clumps rather than as individual plants. ... Binomial name Allium sativum L. Allium sativum L., commonly known as garlic, is a species in the onion family Alliaceae. ... Binomial name Tanacetum vulgare L. Illustration of a tansy The Tansy, Common Tansy, or Golden Buttons (Tanacetum vulgare) is a perennial herbaceous flowering plant of the aster family that is native to temperate Europe and Asia. ...

Host Plants

Japanese Beetles feed on a large range of hosts, including leaves of plants of the following common crops:

Strawberries, tomatoes, peppers, grapes, roses, plums, pears, peaches, raspberries, blackberries, corn Strawberries Promo Strawberries is an album by The Damned released October 1982 on Bronze Records (catalogue #BRON 542). ... Binomial name L. Synonyms Lycopersicon lycopersicum Lycopersicon esculentum Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... Capsicum is a genus of plants from the nightshade family (Solanaceae), native to Mexico, and now cultivated worldwide. ... It has been suggested that Veraison be merged into this article or section. ... Floribunda Rose redirects here. ... It has been suggested that Prune (fruit) be merged into this article or section. ... Species Pyrus calleryana P. pyrifolia et al Pears are trees of the genus Pyrus and the edible fruit of that tree. ... Binomial name (L.) Batsch Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... Raspberries has multiple meanings: For the tart fruit of the plant Rubus idaeus, see Raspberry. ... This article is about the fruit. ... Look up corn in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

and these genera:

• Abelmoschus
• Acer
• Aesculus
• Alcea
• Ash Tree
• Asparagus
• Aster
• Basil
• Betula (Birch trees)
• Buddleia
• Calluna
• caladium

• Canna
• Chaenomoles
• Cirsium
• Cosmos
• Dahlia
• Daucus
• Dendranthema
• Digitalis
• Dolichos
• Echinacea
• Hemerocallis
• Heuchera
• Hibiscus
• Himrod Seedless Green Grapes
• Hydrangea
• Ilex
• Iris
• Lagerstroemia
• Liatris
• Ligustrum
• Malus
• Malva
• Myrica
• Navaho Thornless Blackberry
• Oenothera
• Parthenocissus
• Phaeseolus
• Phlox
• Physocarpus
• Platanus
• Polygonum
• Prunus
• Quercus
• Rheum
• Rhododendron
• Rosa
• Rubus
• Salix
• Sambucus
• Sassafras
• Solanum
• Syringa
• Tilia (Linden, lime, or basswood trees)
• Toxicodendron
• Ulmus
• Vaccinium
• Viburnum
• Vitis
• Weigelia
• Wisteria
• Zea
• Zinnia

Species See text Abelmoschus is a genus of about 15 species of flowering plants in the mallow family Malvaceae, native to tropical Africa. ... Distribution Species See List of Acer species Maples are trees or shrubs in the genus Acer. ... Species Aesculus arguta: Texas Buckeye Aesculus californica: California Buckeye Aesculus chinensis: Chinese Horse-chestnut Aesculus flava (): Yellow Buckeye Aesculus glabra: Ohio Buckeye Aesculus hippocastanum: Common Horse-chestnut Aesculus indica: Indian Horse-chestnut Aesculus neglecta: Dwarf Buckeye Aesculus parviflora: Bottlebrush Buckeye Aesculus pavia: Red Buckeye Aesculus sylvatica: Painted Buckeye Aesculus turbinata... Hollyhock Categories: Stub | Flowers ... Binomial name Asparagus officinalis L. Asparagus officinalis is a plant species in the family Asparagaceae from which the popular vegetable known as asparagus is obtained. ... ASTER image ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) is one of five remote sensory devices on board the Terra satellite launched into Earth orbit by NASA in 1999. ... Binomial name Ocimum basilicum L. Basil (Ocimum basilicum) of the Family Lamiaceae is also known as Sweet Basil. ... Species many species see text and classification Birch is the name of any tree of the genus Betula, in the family Betulaceae, closely related to the beech/oak family, Fagaceae. ... Species About 100 species, including: Buddleja albiflora Buddleja alternifolia Buddleja americana Buddleja asiatica Buddleja auriculata Buddleja australis Buddleja bhutanica Buddleja candida Buddleja colvilei Buddleja crispa Buddleja crotonoides Buddleja curviflora Buddleja davidii Buddleja delavayi Buddleja fallowiana Buddleja forrestii Buddleja globosa Buddleja indica Buddleja japonica Buddleja lindleyana Buddleja madagascariensis Buddleja marrubiifolia Buddleja... Binomial name (L.) Hull “Heather” redirects here. ... Species See text. ... This article is about the Scottish island of Canna. ... Species See text Thistles are perennial flowering plants of the genus Cirsium. ... Species Cosmos atrosanguineus Cosmos bipinnatus Cosmos sulphureus et al Cosmos is a genus of about twenty species of annual and perennial plants of the Asteraceae family, including the garden flowers Cosmos bipinnatus (also known as Mexican Aster),Cosmos atrosanguineus (Chocolate Cosmos) and Cosmos sulphureus (Yellow Cosmos). They are native to... Species 30 species, 20,000 cultivars Dahlia is a genus of bushy, summer- and autumn-flowering, tuberous perennial plants native to Mexico, where they are the national flower. ... Binomial name Daucus carota A carrot (Daucus Carota) is a root vegetable, typically orange or white in color with a woody texture. ... Species Chrysanthemum is a genus of about 30 species of perennial flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to Asia and northeastern Europe. ... Species About 20 species, including: Digitalis cariensis Digitalis ciliata Digitalis davisiana Digitalis dubia Digitalis ferruginea Digitalis grandiflora Digitalis laevigata Digitalis lanata Digitalis leucophaea Digitalis lutea Digitalis obscura Digitalis parviflora Digitalis purpurea Digitalis thapsi Digitalis trojana Digitalis viridiflora Digitalis is a genus of about 20 species of herbaceous biennials, perennials and... Binomial name Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet The Hyacinth Bean (Lablab purpureus, syn. ... Species See text Echinacea is a genus consisting of nine species of flowering plants in the Family Asteraceae, all native to eastern North America. ... Species , etc The daylily is any of about 15 species of flowering plants in the genus Hemerocallis. ... The genus Heuchera includes about 30 to 35 species of herbaceous perennial, all native to North America. ... Species See text. ... Species See text Hydrangea (common name also Hydrangea; pronounced haidréindÊ’iÉ™) is a genus of about 70-75 species of flowering plants native to southern and eastern Asia (from Japan to China, the Himalaya and Indonesia) and North and South America. ... This article is about the plant type. ... Species See text Iris is a genus of between 200-300 species of flowering plants with showy flowers which takes its name from the Greek word for a rainbow, referring to the wide variety of flower colors found among the many species. ... Species About 50, including: Lagerstroemia indica Lagerstroemia speciosa The Crape-myrtles Lagerstroemia are a genus of about 50 species of deciduous and evergreen trees or large shrubs native to east Asia and Australia. ... A popular summer flower for bouquets. ... Species About 50 species, including: Ligustrum lucidum - Chinese or Glossy Privet Ligustrum ovalifolium - Japanese Privet Ligustrum sinense - Chinese Privet Ligustrum vulgare - Common Privet Privet was originally the name for the European semi-evergreen shrub Ligustrum vulgare, and later also for the more reliably evergreen Ligustrum ovalifolium (Japanese privet), used extensively... Species Malus angustifolia - Southern Crab Malus baccata - Siberian Crabapple Malus bracteata Malus brevipes Malus coronaria - Sweet Crabapple Malus domestica - Apple Malus florentina Malus floribunda - Japanese Crabapple Malus formosana Malus fusca - Oregon Crab, Pacific Crab Malus glabrata Malus glaucescens Malus halliana Malus honanensis Malus hupehensis - Chinese Crabapple Malus ioensis - Prairie Crab... Species Malva is a genus of about 25 species of herbaceous plants in the family Malvaceae (named after it), one of several closely related genera in the family to bear the common English name mallow. ... Species About 35 species, including: Myrica adenophora Myrica californica - California Bayberry Myrica cerifera - Wax-myrtle Myrica esculenta Myrica faya - Faya Bayberry Myrica gale - Sweet Gale or Bog-myrtle Myrica hartwegii - Sierra Bayberry Myrica heterophylla Myrica holdrigeana Myrica inodora - Scentless Bayberry Myrica nana Myrica parvifolia Myrica pensylvanica - Northern Bayberry Myrica pubescens... Species About 125, including: Oenothera acaulis Oenothera albicaulis Oenothera argillicola Oenothera biennis Oenothera brachycarpa Oenothera caespitosa Oenothera californica Oenothera coronopifolia Oenothera coryi Oenothera deltoides Oenothera drummondii Oenothera elata Oenothera erythrosepala Oenothera flava Oenothera fruticosa Oenothera glazioviana Oenothera hookeri Oenothera jamesii Oenothera kunthiana Oenothera laciniata Oenothera longissima Oenothera macrocarpa Oenothera missouriensis... Parthenocissus is a genus of climbing plants from the grape family, Vitaceae. ... Also, Their is a guy using the nickname PhloX: irc. ... Species See text Physocarpus (Ninebark) is a genus of about ten species of flowering plants in the family Rosaceae, native to North America (most of the species) and northeastern Asia (one species). ... Species See text. ... Species see text Polygonum cuspidatum fall foliage Polygonum, or knotweed, is a genus in the buckwheat family Polygonaceae. ... Species Prunus alabamensis Prunus alleghaniensis Prunus americana Prunus andersonii Prunus angustifolia Prunus armeniaca Prunus avium Prunus caroliniana Prunus cerasifera Prunus cerasus Prunus domestica Prunus dulcis Prunus emarginata Prunus fasciculata Prunus fremontii Prunus fruticosa Prunus geniculata Prunus glandulosa Prunus gracilis Prunus grayana Prunus havardii Prunus hortulana Prunus ilicifolia Prunus japonica Prunus... This article is about oaks (Quercus desert-oak is unrelated, and instead belongs to the genus Allocasuarina. ... Rhubarb is a perennial plant that grows from thick, short rhizomes, comprising the genus Rheum. ... Subgenera Azaleastrum Candidastrum Hymenanthes Mumeazalea Pentanthera (Azaleas) Rhododendron Therorhodion Tsutsusi (Azaleas) Vireya Source: RBG, Edinburgh Rhododendron (from the Greek: rhodos, rose, and dendron, tree) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae. ... Species About 100, see text References:   U. of Illinois 2002-05-29 A rose is a flowering shrub of the genus Rosa and the flower of this shrub. ... Species See text. ... Species About 350, including: Salix alba - White Willow Salix amygdaloides - Peachleaf Willow Salix arbuscula - Mountain Willow Salix aurita - Eared Willow Salix babylonica - Peking Willow Salix caprea- Goat Willow Salix caroliniana - Coastal Plain Willow Salix cinerea - Grey Sallow Salix fragilis - Crack Willow Salix herbacea - Dwarf Willow Salix lanata - Woolly Willow Salix... Species About 25 species, including: Sambucus nigra - Black Elder Sambucus canadensis - American Elder Sambucus glauca - Blueberry Elder Sambucus racemosa - Red-berried Elder Elder or Elderberry (Sambucus) is a genus of fast-growing shrubs or small trees in the family Caprifoliaceae. ... This article is about the Sassafras tree. ... Species See text. ... Alternate meaning: Lilac (color) Species About 20-25 species; see text. ... Species About 30; see text A lime-lined avenue in Alexandra Park, London Tilia leaf Tilia is a genus of about 30 species of trees, native throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere, in Asia (where the greatest species diversity is found), Europe and eastern North America; it is absent... Species See text. ... Species See text. ... Species See text Vaccinium is a genus of shrubs in the plant Family Ericaceae including the cranberry, blueberry, bilberry or whortleberry, cowberry or lingonberry, and huckleberry. ... Species About 150 species; see text Viburnum (Viburnum) is a genus of about 175 species of shrubs or (in a few species) small trees that were previously included in the honeysuckle family Caprifoliaceae. ... Species Vitis acerifolia Vitis aestivalis Vitis amurensis Vitis arizonica Vitis x bourquina Vitis californica Vitis x champinii Vitis cinerea Vitis x doaniana Vitis girdiana Vitis labrusca Vitis x labruscana Vitis monticola Vitis mustangensis Vitis x novae-angliae Vitis palmata Vitis riparia Vitis rotundifolia Vitis rupestris Vitis shuttleworthii Vitis tiliifolia Vitis... Species Weigela is a small genus of about 10 species of deciduous shrubs in the family Caprifoliaceae, growing to 1-5 m tall. ... Species See text. ... species ssp. ... Species Zinnia acerosa Zinnia elegans Zinnia grandiflora Zinnia haageana Zinnia peruviana et al Zinnia is a genus of 20 species of annual and perennial plants of family Asteraceae, originally from scrub and dry grassland in an area stretching from the American Southwest to South America, but primarily Mexico, and notable...

References

1. ^ Klein, Michael (August 1998). Japanese beetle: the continuing struggle to achieve successful biological control. Midwest Biological Control News, V(8). Retrieved July 11, 2005.
2. ^ Japanese Beetle control strategies [1]
3. ^ http://www.selfsufficientish.com/pests.htm

External links

• APHIS web page on beetle management
• Japanese beetle at University of Florida