It is popularly believed in Japan that a person's ABO blood type or ketsu eki gata is predictive of their personality, character, and compatibility with others, similar to the Western world's Astrology. This belief has carried over to certain extent in other parts of East Asia such as South Korea and Taiwan. In Japan, asking someone their blood type is considered as normal as asking their astrological sign in other countries. This theory is completely dismissed by most scientists as superstition or pseudoscience; still, many people believe this theory. George Herbert Walker Bush GCB (born June 12, 1924) was the 41st President of the United States of America serving from 1989 to 1993. ... Ayumi Hamasaki , born October 2, 1978 in Fukuoka, Japan) is a Japanese pop singer. ... 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History

The discovery of blood types in 1901 has been hailed as one of the greatest advances in medical history, but the breakthrough was then used by the Nazis to further their eugenics program, and claim the superiority of Germans -- mostly types A and O -- over Jews, Asians and others with a larger proportion of type B blood. National Socialism redirects here. ... It has been suggested that Dysgenics be merged into this article or section. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Asian people. ...

The theory reached Japan in a 1927 psychologist's report, and the militarist government of the time commissioned a study aimed at breeding better soldiers. The craze faded in the 1930s as its unscientific basis became evident. It was revived in the 1970s with a book by Masahiko Nomi, an advocate and broadcaster with no medical background. Masahiko Nomi is a Japanese journalist who has created an interest in blood types through his writing. ...

Scientific support

While scientific study has shown that people of specific blood types may be more prone to certain illnesses, no medical studies have been found directly correlating blood type with all of the personality traits associated with them. Some studies do however show variation of hormones and enzymes which other studies have associated with personality changes. This article needs more context around or a better explanation of technical details to make it more accessible to general readers and technical readers outside the specialty, without removing technical details. ... In psychology, personality is a description of consistent emotional, thought, and behavior patterns in a person. ... A hormone (from Greek horman - to set in motion) is a chemical messenger from one cell (or group of cells) to another. ... Ribbon diagram of the enzyme TIM, surrounded by the space-filling model of the protein. ...

Individuals have varying levels of the enzyme dopamine beta hydroxylase and catecholamine hormones according to their blood type as a result of genetic linkage of nearby genes on chromosome 9 (the locus for ABO blood group in humans).^[1] Congenital dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency is caused by mutation in the gene encoding dopamine beta-hydroxylase on chromosome 9q34, also the ABO locus.^[2] This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Hydroxylation is any chemical process that introduces one or more hydroxyl groups (-OH) into a compound (or radical) thereby oxidising it. ... Catecholamines are chemical compounds derived from the amino acid tyrosine. ... Genetic linkage occurs when particular alleles are inherited jointly. ... Chromosome 9 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. ...

The ABO blood group system and platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity are known to be two genetic markers for affective disorder. In researching a connection between the two markers, one study found that the platelet MAO activity of subjects with blood type O was significantly lower than that of subjects with other blood types,^[3][4] criminal behaviour,^[5] alcoholism, antisocial personality and impulsivity.^[6] A 250 ml bag of newly collected platelets. ... Monoamine oxidase Monoamine oxidases (singular abbreviation MAO) (EC 1. ... The affective spectrum is a grouping of related psychiatric and medical disorders which may accompany bipolar, unipolar, and schizoaffective disorders at statistically higher rates than would normally be expected. ...

Character trait associations

According to Nomi's theory, those with type A blood tend to be reserved, punctual, and law-abiding, while type Os tend to be more outgoing, passionate, and driven; it is for this reason they are often considered "warrior" spirits[[1]]. Type Bs are said to be loners and self-sufficient, as "hunters," while ABs are said to be serious and solitary by nature.

Type A blood is the most common in Japan and Germany while type O is most prevalent in the United States. 60 percent of Japanese Prime Ministers have been type O. Type Bs are also said to make great cooks and restaurant guides featuring Type B chefs are popular products in Japan. ^{[citation needed]} The Prime Minister of Japan (内閣総理大臣 Naikaku sōri daijin) is the usual English-language term used for the head of government of Japan, although the literal translation of the Japanese name for the office is Prime Minister of the Cabinet. ...

Persons having Rh negative blood types are extremely rare in the Japanese population with a recent survey placing the percentage at around less than 1% of the total population, and no particular significance is attached to the Rh type. A blood type is a description an individuals characteristics of red blood cells due to substances (carbohydrates and proteins) on the cell membrane. ...

Applications

Blood type theory is widely popular in women's magazines as a way to gauge relationship compatibility with a potential or current partner. Morning television shows feature blood type horoscopes, and similar horoscopes are published daily in newspapers. Though there is not a proven correlation between blood type and personality, it has still remained in the many matchmaking services that cater to blood type. In this way, it is similar to the use of astrological signs in the west, which is also popular in Japan. Asking about a blood type is common and it is often a surprise if a foreigner is unaware of their own blood type. In astrology, a horoscope is a chart or diagram representing the positions of the planets, other celestial bodies, and sensitive angles at the time of any event, such as a persons birth. ... Matchmaking is any process of introducing people for the purposes of dating and mating, usually in the context of marriage. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Blood type consultants attempt to calculate how well different people work together based on blood type, but they have never established reliable sources. However they declare this theory as scientific, so some companies have accepted this craze.

It is common among anime and manga authors to mention their character's blood types, and to give their characters corresponding blood types to match their personalities. Some video game characters also have known blood types; an example being Final Fantasy VII where blood types of the main characters are revealed in the game's manual. In addition, the videogame series Gungriffon, Tekken and Princess Maker allow for blood type as an option in their creation modes. The main cast of the anime Cowboy Bebop (1998) (L to R: Spike Spiegel, Jet Black, Ed Tivrusky, Faye Valentine, and Ein the dog) For the oleo-resin, see Animé (oleo-resin). ... 2nd English edition of InuYasha Vol. ... Final Fantasy VII ) is a console role-playing game (RPG) developed and published by Square Co. ... Gungriffon is a series of video games developed by Game Arts. ... Tekken lit. ... Princess Maker is a series of Japanese life simulation bishōjo games by the computer game and anime production company Gainax. ...

See also

• My Boyfriend is Type B A Korean romantic comedy based on the idea of blood type personality.

My Boyfriend is Type B (B형 남자친구, B-hyeong namja chingu) is a South Korean romantic comedy film for the year 2005. ...

External links

• David Picker. "Blood, Sweat and Type O: Japan's Weird Science", New York Times, December 14, 2006.
• Toshitaka Nomi and Alexander Besher, You are Your Blood Type: the biochemical key to unlocking the secrets of your personality. New York: Pocket Books, 1988.
• ABO Group homepage with blood types descriptions (in Japanese only).
• ABO FAN enthusiast site on blood type and personality.

The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ...

Notes

1. ^ Goldin L, Gershon E, Lake C, et. al (1982). "Segregation and linkage studies of plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH), erythrocyte catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), and platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO): possible linkage between the ABO locus and a gene controlling DBH activity.". Am J Hum Genet 34 (2): 250-62. PMID 6951409.
2. ^ Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) 223360 "Linkage analysis by Wilson et al. (1987, 1988) yielded a lod score of 5.88 at a recombination fraction of 0.0 for the linkage of DBH and ABO."
3. ^ Arató M, Bagdy G, Rihmer Z, Kulcsár Z (1983). "Reduced platelet MAO activity in healthy male students with blood group O.". Acta Psychiatr Scand 67 (2): 130-4. PMID 6573841.
4. ^ Beitchman J, Mik H, Ehtesham S, Douglas L, Kennedy J (2004). "MAOA and persistent, pervasive childhood aggression.". Mol Psychiatry 9 (6): 546-7. PMID 15024395.
5. ^ Nilsson K, Sjöberg R, Damberg M, et. al (2006). "Role of monoamine oxidase A genotype and psychosocial factors in male adolescent criminal activity.". Biol Psychiatry 59 (2): 121-7. PMID 16125147.
6. ^ Gutiérrez B, Arias B, Gastó C, Catalán R, Papiol S, Pintor L, Fañanás L (2004). "Association analysis between a functional polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A gene promoter and severe mood disorders.". Psychiatr Genet 14 (4): 203-8. PMID 15564894.