|
Japanese particles, joshi (助詞, joshi?) or teniwoha (てにをは, teniwoha?), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. They have a wide range of grammatical functions, including the indication of a question or the speaker's assertiveness, certitude, or other feelings. The Japanese language has a highly regular agglutinative verb morphology, with both productive and fixed elements. ...
Orthography Japanese particles, like okurigana, are usually written in hiragana. Some of the particles have kanji forms, but in modern writing, the hiragana forms are always preferred. Three common particles, o, e and wa, are written with the hiragana wo, he, and ha respectively. This is a relic of historical kana usage, although the particle o is still pronounced wo by some speakers. Japanese writing Kanji Kana Hiragana Katakana Hentaigana ManyÅgana Uses Furigana Okurigana RÅmaji Okurigana (é€ã‚Šä»®å, literally accompanying letters) are kana suffixes following kanji stems in Japanese written words. ...
Hiragana ) is a Japanese syllabary, one component of the Japanese writing system, along with katakana and kanji; the Latin alphabet is also used in some cases. ...
Japanese writing Kanji Kana Hiragana Katakana Hentaigana ManyÅgana Uses Furigana Okurigana RÅmaji ) are the Chinese characters that are used in the modern Japanese logographic writing system along with hiragana (平仮å), katakana (片仮å), and the Arabic numerals. ...
Japanese writing Kanji Kana Hiragana Katakana Hentaigana ManyÅgana Uses Furigana Okurigana RÅmaji Historical kana usage ) refers to an older system of spelling Japanese in kana (the Japanese syllabary) that does not accord with modern Japanese pronunciation, in contrast to gendai kanazukai ), modern kana usage, which represents the...
List of particles
bakari | ばかり | Bakari: "just, only, full of"
Colloquially: bakkari, bakka | | | Following | Japanese | Meaning | | Nouns | Tōkyō wa hito bakari da. 東京は人ばかりだ。 | Tokyo is just full of people. | | Verbs (ta form) | Tabeta bakari da. 食べたばかりだ。 | I just ate. | | Verbs (te form) | Kare wa tabete bakari iru 彼は食べてばかりいる。 | He's always eating |
bakari ka | ばかりか | Bakari ka: "not only". May be accompanied by sae ("but also") to indicate something unusual or unexpected.
Etymology: bakari + ka | | | Following | Japanese | Meaning | | Nouns | Sofu bakari ka, sōsofu sae ikite iru. 祖父ばかりか、曽祖父さえ生きている。 Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
| Not only is my grandfather living, but so is my great-grandfather. |
bakashi ばかし (bakashi) is another form of bakari, written ばかし.
dake | だけ | Dake: "only"; limit.
Dake functions as a noun. | | | Following | Japanese | Meaning | | Nouns | rōmaji dake no jisho ローマ字だけの辞書。 | a rōmaji-only dictionary | | Verbs (volitional) | Netai dake nete mo ii. 寝たいだけ寝てもいい。 | You can sleep as much as you want [to sleep]. |
da no | だの | Da no: "and, things like".
Etymology: da (copula) + no.
This particle is used far less frequently than to ka. | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns, adjectives, verbs | Nattō da no, shīfūdo da no, wasabi da no — nihonshoku ga nigate da. 納豆だの、シーフードだの、わさびだの — 日本食が苦手だ。 Not to be confused with the Javanese language. ...
Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
| Natto, seafood, wasabi — Japanese food isn't my thing. | Natto eaten on top of rice is commonly stirred before consumption NattÅ ) is a traditional Japanese food made from fermented soybeans, popular especially at breakfast. ...
Binomial name Matsum. ...
darake | だらけ | Darake: "covered with". Often has negative connotations. | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns | Watashi no fuku wa doro darake! 私の服は泥だらけ！ Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
| My clothes are covered with mud. |
de | で | Etymology: Originally an alteration of ni te, later treated as a conjugation of the copula da | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns: instrument | Jitensha de ikimashō. 自転車で行きましょう。 Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Not to be confused with the Javanese language. ...
Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
In linguistics, the instrumental case (also called the eighth case) indicates that a noun is the instrument or means by which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action. ...
| Let's go by bicycle. | | Nouns: location | Koko de yasumitai. ここで休みたい。 | I want to rest here. | | Nouns: language | Nihongo de tegami wo kaita. 日本語で手紙を書いた。 | I wrote the letter in Japanese. |
de mo | でも | De mo: "even; or; but, however; also in"
Etymology: de + mo | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns, particles: "even" | Uchū kara de mo Banri-no-Chōjō ga mieru. | Even from space you can see the Great Wall of China. | | Nouns: "or" | Ocha de mo, kōhī de mo, dō desu ka? | How about some tea or coffee? | | Nouns: "also in" | Nihon de mo eigo o benkyō suru | In Japan also, we study English. | | Beginning of phrase: "but, however, even so" | De mo, watashi wa sō omowanai | But I don't think so. | Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
ni te | にて | Formal version of de, functions in exactly the same way. Etymology: Case particle ni + conjunctive particle te (c.f. te form of Japanese verbs) Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
This page is a comprehensive list of Japanese verb and adjective conjugations. ...
|
dokoro ka | どころか (所か) | Dokoro ka: "anything but, far from"
Etymology: dokoro (tokoro: place) + ka | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns | Kare wa keisatsukan dokoro ka, hanzaisha da. | He's anything but a policeman; he's a criminal. | Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
e | へ | E: "to, in"; direction
E is written with へ rather than え, reflecting old kana usage. | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns: direction | Nihon e yōkoso! | Welcome to Japan! | Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
Illative case in the Finno-Ugric languages Illative (from Latin inferre to bring in) is, in the Finnish language, Estonian language and the Hungarian language, the third of the locative cases with the basic meaning of into (the inside of). An example from Hungarian would be a házba (into...
ga | が, ヶ | Ga (が only): subject marker, conjunction ("but") Ga (が or ヶ): Historical possessive used to connect nouns, most often seen in place names as ヶ | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns: subject marker | Neko ga esa o tabeta. | The cat ate the catfood. | | Nouns: noun connector | wareware ga kokoro Fujimi ga Oka Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
Seki ga hara
| our [collective] heart Fuji View Hill
Gateway Plains (site of the Battle of Sekigahara) Combatants Forces loyal to Toyotomi Hideyori, many clans from Western Japan Forces of Tokugawa Ieyasu, Clans of Eastern Japan Commanders Ishida Mitsunari, MÅri Terumoto, others Tokugawa Ieyasu, others Strength Approximately 100000 Approximately 80000 Casualties 5000-32000 dead Otani Yoshitsugu Shimazu Toyohisa Unknown; but not excessive The Battle of Sekigahara...
| | Phrases: conjunction | Inu wa suki da ga, neko wa kirai da. | I like dogs but I hate cats. |
hodo | ほど (程) | Hodo: "as much as"; upper limit | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns | Kare hodo nihongo ga umakunai. | My Japanese isn't as good as his | | Adjectives* | Hayai hodo ii. | The sooner, the better. | | Verbs | Aitsu ga koroshitai hodo kirai da | I hate him enough (to want) to kill him | | *When an i-adjective is marked with hodo, there should be no verb, since an adjective cannot be the agent or patient of a verb in Japanese. | Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
According to many analyses, the Japanese language does not have words that function as adjectives in a syntactic sense, i. ...
In linguistics, a grammatical agent is an entity that carries out an action. ...
In linguistics, a grammatical patient is an entity upon whom an action is carried out. ...
ka | か | Ka: questions, alternatives in a list, quotation expressing doubt; "whether," especially when used with dō ka ("or not"). | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns, verbs: listing alternatives | Kore ka, sore ka, dotchika erande yo. | This or that, choose one of them. | | Nouns, verbs: "whether (or not)" | Iku ka [dō ka] wakaranai. | I don't know [whether or not / if] he'll go. | | Phrases: question | Wakaru ka? | Do you understand? | | Phrase: quotation expressing doubt | Iku ka to omoimasu ga... | I think he'll go (but I'm not sure)... | Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
kai かい kai is a gentler variant of the question marker ka, used by some men.
ka na | かな | Ka na: "I wonder" Etymology: ka + na Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
| | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Phrases | Kare wa ayashii hito ka na. | I wonder if he's a suspicious person. | Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
kara | から | Kara: "from, after, because"
Kara may be followed by no to link two nouns. | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns: "from, out of" | Tōkyō kara kaetta. | He returned from Tokyo. | | zutto mae kara no hanashi | a conversation from way back | | Verbs (te form): "after" | Owatte kara, kite kudasai. | Please come by after finishing (after you've finished). | | Adjectives, Verbs: "because" | Niku o tabenai kara, rāmen wa dame da | Because he doesn't eat meat, ramen is bad (a bad idea). | Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
In linguistics, ablative case (also called the sixth case) (abbreviated ABL) is a name given to cases in various languages whose common thread is that they mark motion away from something, though the details in each language may differ. ...
See Elative for disambiguation. ...
This page is a comprehensive list of Japanese verb and adjective conjugations. ...
ka shira | かしら | Ka shira is like ka na, but is used more by women. See also Gender differences in spoken Japanese. Etymology: ka + shira, the irrealis form (i.e. negative form minus the -nai) of shiru "to know" Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
The Japanese language is unusual among major languages in the high degree to which the speech of women seen collectively differs from that of men. ...
Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Irrealis moods are the set of grammatical moods that indicate that something is not actually the case. ...
This page is a comprehensive list of Japanese verb and adjective conjugations. ...
| | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Phrases | Kare wa ayashii hito ka shira. | I wonder if he's a suspicious person. | Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
kedo | けど | Kedo: "although, but"
Etymology: kedo is a shortened version of formal keredomo. It also appears semi-abbreviated and semi-formally as keredo or kedomo. | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Adjectives, verbs | Kanojo wa henda kedo kirei da. | She is strange but pretty | Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
kiri | きり (切り) | Kiri: "just, only"
Kiri is more rarely used than dake, and functions as a noun and may be followed by no. | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns | futari kiri no o-mise | a shop with just two people [who work there] | Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
koro/goro | ころ・ごろ (頃) | Koro: "around, about, approximately"
Koro functions as a noun and may be followed by no. | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns | San-ji goro ni aimashō. | Let's meet around 3 o'clock. | Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
koso | こそ | Koso: Used for emphasis. There is no direct translation, but roughly analogous to "precisely" or "exactly", as in examples below. | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Phrases | Kyō koso, yaru zo! Kimi ga suki da kara koso kore hodo ganbatte iru n da yo. Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
Kochira koso, yoroshiku onegai shimasu.
| Today is the day I'm going to do it! It's precisely because I like you that I'm working this hard.
Nice to meet you, too. (Emphasizes this side or me too)
|
kurai/gurai | くらい・ぐらい (位) | Kurai: "about, approximately"
Kurai functions as a noun and may be followed by no. | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns | Juppun kurai kakaru | It takes about 10 minutes. | Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
made | まで (迄) | Made: "up to, until, as far as" Indicates a time or place as a limit. | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns (specifically places or times) | Kono densha wa, Shimonoseki made ikimasu. | This train goes as far as Shimonoseki. | | Verbs | Kaeru made matte iru. | I'll wait until you come home. | Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
made ni | までに (迄に) | Made ni: "by (a certain time)" Etymology: made + ni Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
| | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns, verbs | Ku-ji made ni kaeru. | I'll come home by nine o'clock. | Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
me | め (目) | me (目 only): ordinal particle
me (め only): "Damn..."; abusive/pejorative | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Classifier nouns: ordinal | Amerika wa nikai me desu. | This is my second time to America. | | Nouns: abusive "damn..." | Orokamono me! | [You] damn fool! | Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
A classifier, in linguistics, is a word or morpheme used in some languages in certain contexts to indicate the word class of a noun. ...
mo | も | Mo: "also"
Mo always replaces wa and ga, but may follow other particles. | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns, phrases | Watashi ni mo kureta. | She gave some to me, too. | Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
mono/mon
mono-de
mono-ka/mon-ka
mononara
mono-o
na and nā | な・なぁ | Na (な only): used with a class of adjectives which behave grammatically like nouns (see na-adjectives). It is also used to modify general nouns before other particles which cannot directly follow nouns (e.g. no de).
Etymology: The na used with nouns (including na-adjectives) is a form of the copula. Na or nā at the end of a sentence is a variant of ne, implying more reflection. | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Na-adjectives | hen na hito | a strange person | | Phrases | Hen da nā! | How strange! | The Japanese language has a highly regular agglutinative verb morphology, with both productive and fixed elements. ...
Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
For other uses, see Copula (disambiguation). ...
Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
nado | など (等) | Nado: "for example, things like, such as, etc., and so on"
Functions as a noun and may be followed by no. | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns | Nattō ya kabuki nado wa Nihon dake ni aru. | Things like natto and kabuki are only in Japan. | Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
The oldest Kabuki theatre in Japan: the Minamiza in Kyoto The Kabukiza in Ginza is one of Tokyos leading kabuki theaters. ...
nanka/nante | なんか・なんて (何か・何て) | Nanka/nante: emphasizes disgust, contempt, or otherwise negative feelings of the speaker.
Nante is slightly more formal than nanka. | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns | Jogen nanka iranai. | I don't need any (damn) advice. | | Verbs* | Oyogu nante dekinai. | I can't swim. | | Adjectives** | Ōkiku nante nai kedo, kirei da. | It's not big [or anything], but it's clean. | *Nanka/nante is usually followed by a verb which conveys some kind of undervalue, lacking, or dislike, often in the negative.
**Can immediately follow i-adjectives, using the adjective's ku form if followed by the negative, or if the adjective is followed by no. Na-adjectives require the copula da or no before nante or nanka. | Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
The Japanese language has a highly regular agglutinative verb morphology, with both productive and fixed elements. ...
The Japanese language has a highly regular agglutinative verb morphology, with both productive and fixed elements. ...
nara | なら | Nara: "if"; conditional
Hypothetical (仮定形) or conditional form of the copula da. Related to the more formal naraba. | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns, adjectives, verbs, phrases | Atsui nara, eakon o tsukete | If you're hot, turn on the air conditioner. | The Japanese language has a highly regular agglutinative verb morphology, with both productive and fixed elements. ...
This page is a comprehensive list of Japanese verb and adjective conjugations. ...
Not to be confused with the Javanese language. ...
Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
ne | ね | Ne: "eh"; interjection, tag question
Similar to English "hey", "eh?", French "non?" and Spanish "no?" Asks or shows agreement and reflection at phrase-end, also used before sentences to catch listener's attention (informal). | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Phrases | Kimi wa kashikoi yo ne. Kakkō ii desu ne. Tag questions (or: question tags) are a grammatical structure in which a declarative statement or an imperative is turned into a question by adding an interrogative fragment (the tag). The term tag question is generally preferred by American grammarians, while British ones prefer question tag. // In most languages, tag questions...
Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
Ne, ima nanji?
| You're pretty smart, aren't you. That's pretty neat, eh?
Hey, what time is it?
|
ni | に | Ni: "to, in, at, by"; indirect object, direction | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns: location | Gakkō ni iru. | I'm at/in school. | | Nouns: direction | Gakkō ni iku. | I'm going to school. | | Nouns: indirect object | Ore ni kaese. | Give it back to me. | | Nouns: passive agent | Ka ni sasareta. | I was bitten by a mosquito. | | Nouns, verbs (stem only): purpose, intent | Eiga o mi ni iku. | I'm going to see a movie. | The dative case is a grammatical case for nouns and/or pronouns. ...
Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
In grammar, voice is the relationship between the action or state expressed by a verb, and its arguments (subject, object, etc. ...
ni wa | には | Ni wa: "for; in, to";
Etymology: ni + wa (always written は) The wa makes the phrase ending in ni the topic of the sentence. Serves as emphasis for a negative ending. Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
| | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns: "for" | Shichimi wa, watashi ni wa kara-sugiru. | Shichimi is too spicy for me. (i.e., "you might like it, but I'm not touching it.") | | Nouns: "in, to" | Kyōto ni wa hana ga aru. | There are flowers in Kyōto. (Lit.: As for in Kyōto, there are flowers.) Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
Shichimi, also known as shichimi togarashi, is a common spice mixture from Japan. ...
|
no | の | No: possession, noun linking, topic marking (subordinate clauses), nominalization When nominalizing whole phrases, the no may function either as emphasis or as a question, depending on tone of voice. Similar to English, a falling tone denotes a statement, and a rising tone a question. Its use to mark statements tends to be more typical of feminine speech. See also Gender differences in spoken Japanese. The Japanese language is unusual among major languages in the high degree to which the speech of women seen collectively differs from that of men. ...
| | | Following: Function | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns: possession | sensei no kuruma | the teacher's car | | Nouns: linking | kuruma no Toyota | Toyota the car [company] | | Nouns: subject marker in subordinate clauses (see also: ga) | Kare no tsukutta kēki wa oishikatta. | The cake that he made was tasty. | | i-adjectives: nominalization | Yasui no wa, kore. | This is the cheap[er] one. | | Verbs: nominalization | Taberu no ga daisuki. | I love eating. | | Phrases: nominalization | Mō, tabeta no? Kuruma na no?
Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
According to many analyses, the Japanese language does not have words that function as adjectives in a syntactic sense, i. ...
// Definition A nominalization is a word that has been changed from a verb or an adjective into a noun. ...
Kare ni mō ageta no yo!
| Have you eaten yet? Is it a car?
I already gave it to him!
|
no de | ので | No de: "because"
Etymology: no + de
Colloquially, no de is often shortened to n de. | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Phrases* | Jugyō ga aru no de, ikenai.
Gakkō na no de, kin'en da. Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
| Because I have a test, I can't go.
Because this is a school it's no smoking. | | *Phrases ending in a noun or na-adjective require the na form of the copula before the nominalizing no. | The Japanese language has a highly regular agglutinative verb morphology, with both productive and fixed elements. ...
Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
nomi | のみ | Nomi: "only, just"
Nomi is more formal and far less common than dake. Unlike dake, its only meaning is that of small quantity or singleness of frequency. | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns | Tō-mise de wa, Nihon en nomi no go-riyō itadakimasu. | This store accepts Japanese Yen only. | Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
no ni | のに | No ni: "despite, although, even though; would have; in order to"
Etymology: no + ni
Nouns and na-adjectives must be followed by na before using this particle.
No ni has a stronger meaning than kedo when used to mean "although," and conveys regret when used to mean "would have." | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Adjectives, verbs: "although" | Benkyō suru no ni, eigo wa hanasenai. | Although I study, I can't speak English. | | Adjectives (conditional), verbs (conditional): "would have" | Kaette kitara, yokatta no ni. | It would have been nice if you had come home. | | Verbs (plain form): "in order to" | Hikkosu no ni torakku ga hitsuyō da. | (In order) to move, you need a truck. | Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
The Japanese language has a highly regular agglutinative verb morphology, with both productive and fixed elements. ...
Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
o | を | O: direct object; "through, from, past (motion verbs only)"
This is unrelated to the honorific prefix o, written お or 御. | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns: direct object | Neko ga esa o tabeta. | The cat ate the food. | | Nouns: through, etc. (motion) | Sora o tobu | fly through the sky | The accusative case (abbreviated ACC) of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a transitive verb. ...
Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
sa/sā | さ・さぁ | Sa: Masculine sentence/phrase final particle, indicating explanation of obvious facts. It is softer than yo.
Sā: Feminine sentence/phrase final particle, used like ne, but often more frequently as extremely colloquial filler. | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Phrases: masculine sa | Kanojo wa inai kara, dansu ni ikanai sa. | I don't have a girlfriend, so I'm not going to the dance. | | Phrases: sā | Kinō sā, gakkō de sā, sensei ni sā, chūi sarete sā, chō mukatsuita. | Like yesterday, in like school, I like got fussed at by like some teacher, and it totally made me sick. | Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Look up like in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
sae | さえ | Sae: "even" Note the meaning overlap with mo. Sae implies (usually) positive emphasis that the evident extent of something is greater than initially expected. Can be followed by mo for additional emphasis. Contrast this with sura. Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
| | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns | Kanji sae kakeru. | He can even write kanji. | Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
de sae | でさえ | De sae: "even"
Etymology: de + sae
De sae replaces wa and ga, like de mo above. | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns | Sonna koto wa saru de sae dekiru. | Even a monkey can do that. | Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
sae...ba/ra | さえ…〜ば・ら | Sae...ba/ra: sae followed by a verb in the conditional means "if only." | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns | Kore sae nomeba, futsukayoi ga naoru yo. | If you would just drink this, your hangover would get better. | Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
shi | し | Shi: "and what's more" (conjunction) | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Adjectives, verbs | Kirei da shi, hiroi shi, ii ne, kono apāto! | It's clean, it's spacious; this apartment is nice, isn't it! | Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
shika | しか | Shika: "only, just"
Shika must be followed by a negative verb.
Shika may be compounded as dakeshika, kirishika, and nomishika (plus the negative verb) to stress an extremely limited quantity or frequency. | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns | Ichi en dama shika nai. | I have just a one-yen coin. | | Verbs | Yūbin-kyoku ni iku shika nai. | The only thing [to do] is to go to the post office. | Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
sura | すら | Sura: "even" Note the meaning overlap with mo. Sura implies (usually) negative emphasis that the evident extent of something is less than initially expected. Contrast this with sae. Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
| | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns | Kanji sura kakenai. | He can't even write kanji. | Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
to | と | To: "and" (conjunction); "with" (preposition) "if"; quotation | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns: conjunction | sore to kore | that and this | | Nouns: preposition | Boku to ikitai? | Do you want to go with me? | | Verbs, adjectives: "if" | Benkyō suru to wakaru. | If you study, you'll understand. | | Any phrase: quotation | Umi made! to sakenda. | "To the sea!" he cried. | Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
to ka | とか | To ka: A listing particle used like nado. Often used with the question word nani (what) in the form nantoka ("something or other").
Etymology: to + ka | | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Nouns | Kani to ka, hotate to ka, zenbu kutta yo. | We had crab, scallops, [other stuff,] we ate them all. | Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
to mo | とも (共) | To mo (共): "both, all of the" To mo (no kanji): "even if, even though; at the ...-est; whether; [emphasis]"
If following a noun and used with a negative verb, meaning changes to "none".
Etymology: to + mo Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
Japanese particles, joshi ) or teniwoha ), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. ...
| | | Following | Rōmaji | Meaning | | Counted nouns | Watashi wa, aitsura ga futari to mo kirai da. Zannen nagara, sono kuruma wa san dai to mo irimasen. Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ...
| I hate the both of those guys. Unfortunately, we need none of those three cars. | | Volitional verbs | Dō shiyō to mo amari susumanai. | No matter how we try [to do something], we don't make much progress. | | Adverbial (continuative) form of i-adjectives | Sukunaku to mo go-jū mairu aruite kita. Osoku to mo itte miyō yo. The Japanese language has a highly regular agglutinative verb morphology, with both productive and fixed elements. ...
| We walked at least fifty miles [to get here]. Even if it's late, let's go and check it out. | | Verbs (paired with same verb in negative) | Kau to mo kawanai to mo hakkiri shite imasen. | It isn't clear whether they're going to buy or not. | Verbs, adjectives - This use is similar to the English expression, "as if [something] wouldn't [phrase]."
| Waratte ii to mo. Ikimasen to mo. | It's okay to laugh. (Name of a Japanese TV programme hosted by | |
