location of Amazonas, Brazil

Jarawara (also Jaruara, Jaruára, Yarawara) is an Arauan language spoken in Amazonas, Brazil by approximately 155 people. Amazonas is the largest state of Brazil, located in the northern part of the country. ... Current distribution of Human Language Families Most languages are known to belong to language families. ... Arauan (also Arahuan, Arawan, Arawán, Madi, Arawa, Arauán) is a family of languages spoken in western Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso) and Peru. ... Writing systems of the world today. ... The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. ... ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family. ... ISO 639-2:1998 Codes for the representation of names of languages — Part 2: Alpha-3 code Twenty-two of the languages have two three-letter codes: a code for bibliographic use (ISO 639-2/B) a code for terminological use (ISO 639-2/T). ... ISO 639-3 is in process of development as an international standard for language codes. ... For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words see here. ... Phonetics (from the Greek word φωνή, phone meaning sound, voice) is the study of sounds and the human voice. ... Because of technical limitations, some web browsers may not display some special characters in this article. ... This chart shows concisely the most common way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is applied to represent the English language. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Image File history File links Brazil_Amazonas. ... Image File history File links Brazil_Amazonas. ... Arauan (also Arahuan, Arawán, Madi) is a family of languages spoken in western Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso) and Peru. ... Amazonas is the largest state of Brazil, located in the northern part of the country. ...

Phonology

Vowels

Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ... A back vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. ... A close vowel is a type of vowel sound used in many spoken languages. ... A mid vowel is a vowel sound used in some spoken languages. ... An open vowel is a vowel sound of a type used in most spoken languages. ...

Consonants

The glottal stop [ʔ] has a limited distribution. In phonetics, a bilabial consonant is a consonant articulated with both lips. ... Dentals are consonants such as t, d, n, and l articulated with either the lower or the upper teeth, or both, rather than with the gum ridge as in English. ... Alveolar consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the alveoli (the sockets) of the superior teeth. ... Palatal consonants are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth). ... Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate (the back part of the roof of the mouth, known also as the velum). ... Glottal consonants are consonants articulated with the glottis. ... A stop, plosive, or occlusive is a consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the vocal tract. ... A nasal consonant is produced when the velum—that fleshy part of the palate near the back—is lowered, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. ... Fricatives (or spirants) are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together. ... Liquid consonants, or liquids, are approximant consonants that are not classified as semivowels (glides) because they do not correspond phonetically to specific vowels (in the way that, for example, the initial in English yes corresponds to ). The class of liquids can be divided into lateral liquids and rhotics. ... Semivowels (also called semiconsonants or glides) are vowels that function phonemically as consonants. ... The glottal stop or voiceless glottal plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in many spoken languages. ...

The liquid /r/ may be realized as a trill [r], flap [ɾ], or lateral [l]. The palatal stop /ɟ/ may be realized as a semivowel [j]. In phonetics, a trill is a consonantal sound produced by vibrations between the articulator and the place of articulation. ... In phonetics, a flap or tap is a type of consonantal sound, which is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator (such as the tongue) is thrown against another. ... Laterals are L-like consonants pronounced with an occlusion made somewhere along the axis of the tongue, while air from the lungs escapes at one side or both sides of the tongue. ...

The glottal fricative /h̃/ is nasalized. See rhinoglottophilia. In phonetics, nasalization is the production of a sound while the velum is lowered, so that air escapes partially or wholly through the nose during the production of the sound. ...

Bibliography

• Campbell, Lyle (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1. 
• Dixon, R. M. W. (1995). "Fusional development of gender marking in Jarawara possessed nouns". International Journal of American Linguistics 61: 263–294. 
• Dixon, R. M. W. (2000). "A-constructions and O-constructions in Jarawara". International Journal of American Linguistics 66: 22–56. 
• Dixon, R. M. W. (2003). “The eclectic morphology of Jarawara, and the status of word”, R. M. W. Dixon & Alexandra Y. Alkhenvald: Word: A Cross-Linguistic Typology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 
• Dixon, R. M. W. (2004). The Jarawara language of Southern Amazonia. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-927067-8. 
• Dixon, R. M. W.; Vogel, A. R. (1996). "Reduplication in Jarawara". Languages of the World 10: 24–31. 
• Gordon, Ryamond G., Jr. (ed.) (2005). Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. 
• Kaufman, Terrence (1994). “The native languages of South America”, C. Mosley & R. E. Asher: Atlas of the world's languages. London: Routledge, 46–76. 

Lyle Campbell is a linguist at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, Utah, and the director of the universitys Center for American Indian Languages (CAIL). ... Robert Malcolm Ward DIXON is Professor of Linguistics at Latrobe University, in Melbourne Australia. ... Robert Malcolm Ward DIXON is Professor of Linguistics at Latrobe University, in Melbourne Australia. ... Robert Malcolm Ward DIXON is Professor of Linguistics at Latrobe University, in Melbourne Australia. ... Robert Malcolm Ward DIXON is Professor of Linguistics at Latrobe University, in Melbourne Australia. ... Robert Malcolm Ward DIXON is Professor of Linguistics at Latrobe University, in Melbourne Australia. ...

See also

• Arauan languages

Arauan (also Arahuan, Arawan, Arawán, Madi, Arawa, Arauán) is a family of languages spoken in western Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso) and Peru. ...

External links

• Ethnologue: Jaruára
• Proel: Lengua Jarawara