Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale or Jarnail Singh (Brar) (Punjabi: ਜਰਨੈਲ ਸਿੰਘ ਭਿੰਡਰਾਂਵਾਲੇ; February 12, 1947–June 6, 1984) was the leader of the Damdami Taksal, a Sikh religious group based in India^[2], who supported the creation of the proposed Sikhism-based theocratic state of Khalistan.^[3] He tried to spread the original values of Sikhism and persuaded young people to follow the original rules and tenets of the religion. In 1981, Bhidranwale was arrested for his suspected involvement in the murder of Jagat Narain, the proprietor of the Hind Samachar Group. He surrendered to police but was later released due to lack of evidence, however, Bhindranwale was kept on close watch by Indian police officials. Bhindranwale is more notable for his involvement in Operation Blue Star in which he and his followers occupied the Akal Takht complex, including the Golden Temple, in Amritsar.^[4] He was killed by the Indian Army, who had orders from Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi to remove all armed militants inside the sacred temple. Since his death, Bhindranwale has remained a controversial figure in Indian history. Some view him as a martyr who was fighting for the best interests of Sikhs, and others see him as a militant^[5] and extremist.^[2] Sidhu (Punjabi: , ) is a prominent Jat/Jatt gotra or clan of the state of Punjab in India. ... Punjabi redirects here. ... is the 43rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 157th day of the year (158th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... The Damdami Taksal is a traveling Sikh university, founded by the tenth Guru of the Sikhs, Guru Gobind Singh Ji. ... Religions Sikhism Scriptures Guru Granth Sahib Languages English, Punjabi] A Sikh (English: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ) is an adherent to Sikhism. ... Sikhism (IPA: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ), founded on the teachings of Guru Nanak Dev and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century Northern India, is the fifth-largest religion in the world. ... Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      For the metal band, refer to Theocracy (band). ... Anthem: Deh Shiva Bar Mohe Official languages Punjabi and English Khālistān (East Punjabi: ), official title Sikh Republic of Khalistan, was the name given by Jagjit Singh Chauhan, to a proposed nation-state based on theocratic fundamentalism. ... Sikhism (IPA: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ), founded on the teachings of Guru Nanak Dev and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century Northern India, is the fifth-largest religion in the world. ... Lala Jagat Narain was the founder of the Hind Samachar group. ... Belligerents Indian Army Sikh militiamen Casualties and losses Military: 83 killed, 248 wounded Militants (including civilians): 492 Killed Operation Blue Star ( ਬਿਲਯੂ ਸਟਾਰ , बिल्यू स्टार ) (June 3 to June 6, 1984) was an Indian military operation ordered by Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India,[1] to remove Sikh militants from Golden Temple... The Akal Takht (Punjabi: , ) is the second holiest shrine of the Sikhs. ... For the Golden Pavilion Temple in Kyoto, Japan, see Kinkaku-ji. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is about the post-independence Indian Army. ... The Prime Minister of India is, in practice, the most powerful person in the Government of India. ... A young Indira Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi, during one of the latters fasts Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (Hindi: ) (19 November 1917 - October 31, 1984) She was the Prime Minister of India for three consecutive terms from 1966 to 1977 and for a fourth term from 1980 until her assassination in... For other uses, see Martyr (disambiguation). ... A Sikh man wearing a turban The adherents of Sikhism are called Sikhs. ... The word militant has come to refer to any individual or party engaged in aggressive physical or verbal combat, normally for a cause. ... Extremism is the act of taking a belief, political view or ideology to its most literal extreme. ...

Early life

Bhindranwale was born in the village of Rode, in the Faridkot District of Punjab, India. His father, Joginder Singh, was a farmer and a local Sikh leader.^[1] Jarnail Singh was the seventh of eight brothers. He was brought up as a strict vegetarian^[6] and was of the Jat caste. He was described by BBC south Asian journalist, Mark Tully as "not being very intelligent who had an affair with Indira Gandhi" ^[7] Being hyperactive and antisocial he dropped out of school at an early age. In 1965, he was enrolled by his father at the Damdami Taksal, a religious school, near Moga, Punjab, then headed by Gurbachan Singh Khalsa.^[1] After a one year course in Sikh studies he returned to farming again. He continued his studies under Kartar Singh, who was the new head of the Taksal. He memorized passages from the Sikh scriptures and quickly became the favourite student of Kartar Singh.^[8] Kartar Singh was fatally injured in a car accident and nominated Bhindranwale as his successor, in preference to his son Amrik Singh. Amrik Singh later on became close associate of Bhindranwale.^[9] Faridkot district is one of the seventeen districts in the state of Punjab in North-West India. ... , This article is about the Indian state of Punjab. ... For animals adapted to eat primarily plants, sometimes referred to as vegetarian animals, see Herbivore. ... About 8 million Jats live in the Indian state of Haryana. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... Sir Mark Tully (born 24 October 1935 in Calcutta, India) was the Chief of Bureau, BBC, New Delhi for 22 years. ... A young Indira Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi, during one of the latters fasts Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (Hindi: ) (19 November 1917 - October 31, 1984) She was the Prime Minister of India for three consecutive terms from 1966 to 1977 and for a fourth term from 1980 until her assassination in... Hyperactivity can be described as a state in which a person is abnormally easily excitable and exuberant. ... Antisocial personality disorder (APD) is a mental disorder defined by the American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual: The essential feature for the diagnosis is a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood. ... The Damdami Taksal is a traveling Sikh university, founded by the tenth Guru of the Sikhs, Guru Gobind Singh Ji. ... Moga is a town in Moga District. ...

He married Pritam Kaur, daughter of Sucha Singh of Bilaspur.^[1] His wife bore him two sons, Ishar and Inderjit Singh, in 1971 and 1975, respectively. Pritam Kaur died of heart ailment at age 60, on September 15, 2007 in Jalandhar.^[10] See Bilaspur for disambiguation Bilaspur is a census town in Yamuna Nagar District in the state of Haryana, India. ... is the 258th day of the year (259th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...

Rise to popularity

In Punjab, Bhindranwale went from village to village as a religious missionary talking with Sikhs. He asked them to live according to the rules and tenets of Sikhism. He would give long speeches and encourage numerous youths to take Amrit, the holy nectar. Bhindranwale preached to young Sikh men who had lost their path, encouraging them to return to his path of Khalsa by giving up vices like sex, drugs, addictions, etc. His focus on fighting for some cause made him a hero in the eyes of young Sikhs. The successor to Gurbachan Singh Khalsa, Kartar Singh Khalsa, who died in a road accident on August 16, 1977, mentioned Bhidranwale as being the new leader of the Damdami Taksal.^[1] Bhidranwale was formally elected at a bhog ceremony at Mehta Chowk on August 25, 1977.^[1] For other uses, see Missionary (disambiguation). ... Sikhism (IPA: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ), founded on the teachings of Guru Nanak Dev and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century Northern India, is the fifth-largest religion in the world. ... This article is about the ancient city of Amrit. ... Khalsa (Punjabi: , literally Pure) refers to the collective body of all baptized Sikhs. ... is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ... The Damdami Taksal is a traveling Sikh university, founded by the tenth Guru of the Sikhs, Guru Gobind Singh Ji. ... Bhog (which in literal etymology means pleasure or delight) is the term used in the Sikh religion for the observances that are fulfilled along with the reading of the concluding part of the Guru Granth Sahib. ... is the 237th day of the year (238th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ...

Politics and movement for Khalistan

In response to questions about his political ambitions Bhindranwale once said:

Despite these statements, Bhindranwale participated in some behind-the-scene political work. In 1979, Bhindranwale put up forty candidates in the SGPC elections for a total of 140 seats, all but four were defeated.^[13] A year later, Bhindranwale campaigned actively for Congress in three constituencies' during the general elections.^[14] Due to his lack of success in election politics, Bhindranwale did not personally seek any political offices. As stated in a 1984 Time Magazine article, Bhindranwale had become so popular that he had usurped the authority of the Shiromani Akali Dal, a Punjab-based Sikh political party.^[15] Bhindranwale wielded a great deal of power and the political factions in Punjab did not make commit any major action without thinking about Bhindranwale's response.^[16] For other uses, see President (disambiguation). ... Akali Dal, also termed as Shiromani Akali Dal (Akali Religious Party), is a Sikh political party mainly based in Punjab, India. ... A Member of Legislative Assembly, or MLA, is a representative elected by the voters of an electoral district to the Legislature of a State in the Indian system of government. ... This article is about the year. ... TIME redirects here. ... Akali Dal, also termed as Shiromani Akali Dal (Akali Religious Party), is a Sikh political party mainly based in Punjab, India. ... , This article is about the Indian state of Punjab. ... Religions Sikhism Scriptures Guru Granth Sahib Languages English, Punjabi] A Sikh (English: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ) is an adherent to Sikhism. ... A political party is a political organization that seeks to attain political power within a government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns. ...

Bhindranwale was widely perceived to be a supporter for the creation of a proposed Sikhism-based theocratic state of Khalistan. However, in a BBC interview, he stated that if the government agreed to the creation of such a state, he would not refuse reflecting deliberate ambiguity. Other quotes attributed to Bhindranwale include "we are not in favour of Khalistan nor are we against it". Responding to the formation of Khalistan he is quoted as saying, "We won't reject it. We shall not repeat 1947."^[17] To which he added, "if the Indian Government invaded the Darbar Sahib complex, the foundation for an independent Sikh state will have been laid."^[18] Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      For the metal band, refer to Theocracy (band). ... Anthem: Deh Shiva Bar Mohe Official languages Punjabi and English Khālistān (East Punjabi: ), official title Sikh Republic of Khalistan, was the name given by Jagjit Singh Chauhan, to a proposed nation-state based on theocratic fundamentalism. ... This article is an overview article about the Crown chartered British Broadcasting Corporation formed in 1927. ...

Role in the militancy

On April 13, 1978, a few GurSikhs of Akhand Kirtani Jatha went to protest against Nirankaris. The confrontation led to the murder of thirteen members of the Akhand Kirtani Jatha and three members of the Nirankaris. The victims were implicated. This infuriated many Sikhs further. On April 24, 1980, the leader of Nirankaris, Gurbachan Singh, was murdered. The FIR named nearly twenty people involved in the murder, most of whom had ties to Bhindranwale.^[19] Bhindranwale was subsequently implicated in ordering the assassination. A member of the Akhand Kirtani Jatha, Ranjit Singh, surrendered to committing the assassination three years later, and was sentenced to serve thirteen years at the Tihar Jail. Bhindranwale was later released due to absence of evidence. is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... The Akhand Kirtani Jatha (or AKJ) is a group (jatha) that is dedicated to the modern Singh Sabhia puritanical Sikh lifestyle. ... The Sant Nirankari Mission was started in 1929 by Baba Buta Singh Ji in the province of Punjab (British India). ... is the 114th day of the year (115th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... The Sant Nirankari Mission - संत निरंकारी मिशन - Die Heilige Nirankari Mission - La Cofradia Universal -ｻﾝﾄﾆﾗﾝｶﾘﾐｯｼｮﾝ (SNM) was formally launched in May, 1929 when Baba Buta Singh ji bestowed Divine Knowledge to Baba Avtar Singh ji in the province of Punjab (British India). ... Baba Gurbachan Singh was the leader of the Sant Nirankari sect, considered to be hetrodox by the mainstream Sikhs. ... A First Information Report or FIR is a written document prepared by the police in India when they receive information about the commission of a cognizable offence. ... Tihar Jail, also called Tihar Prisons, the largest complex of prisons of South East Asia, is located in the western part of Delhi, India. ...

On September 9, 1981, Jagat Narain, the proprietor of the Hind Samachar Group, was shot dead near the Amaltas Motel.^[6] Jagat Narain was a prominent opponent of Bhindranwale.He was present during the clash that occurred between Nirankaris and Akhand Kirtni Jatha Members, and stood witness at the Karnal Trial, in favour of the accused.^[20] Two days after the assassination, police issued warrants for the arrest of Bhidranwale. A police search in Chando Kalan, a Haryana village, failed to produce an arrest. Upon seeing this, Bhidranwale publicly announced that he would surrender on September 20.^[21] On September 20, 1981, Bhindranwale surrendered to the police at a function held in a Gurudwara Gurdarshan Parkash.^[22] Over the next twenty-five days while Bhindranwale was held in custody, sporadic fights erupted in areas where Bhindranwale's accomplices had gathered. Bhindranwale was released on bail on October 15 as India's Home Minister, Giani Zail Singh announced in the Parliament that there was no evidence against Bhindrawale.^[23] is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... AUGUST 25 1981 US Marine Sean Vance is Born on the 25th of August {ear nav|1981}} Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... Lala Jagat Narain was the founder of the Hind Samachar group. ... For the town in Hoshiarpur district, see Hariana. ... is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... AUGUST 25 1981 US Marine Sean Vance is Born on the 25th of August {ear nav|1981}} Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... Giani Zail Singh (Punjabi: , May 5, 1916 - December 25, 1994) was the President of India (1982-1987), and the first Sikh to hold Indias highest public office and honour. ... Sansad Bhavan, The Parliament of India The Parliament of India (or Sansad) is bicameral. ...

Sanctuary in the Golden Temple

In 1982 Bhindranwale took shelter with a large group of his armed followers, into a guest house called the Guru Nanak Niwas, in the precincts of the Golden Temple.^[6] On December 15, 1983, Bhindranwale was forced out of Guru Nanak Niwas by Babbar Khalsa organization, who then moved into the temple compound itself. The temple complex was fortified and light machine-guns and sophisticated self-loading rifles were brought in.^[19] Mark Tully and Satish Jacob wrote, "All ... terrorists were known by name to the shopkeepers and the householders who live in the narrow alleys surrounding the Golden Temple. ... The Punjab police must have known who they were also, but they made no attempt to arrest them. By this time Bhindranwale and his men were above the law."^[24] For the Golden Pavilion Temple in Kyoto, Japan, see Kinkaku-ji. ... is the 349th day of the year (350th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Jimi Hendrix song, see 1983. ...

Death

On June 3, 1984 Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi initiated Operation Blue Star and ordered the Indian Army to surround the Golden Temple complex to remove armed militants from the complex. It was widely reported that Bhindranwale did not survive the operation and is thus regarded as a martyr by some Sikhs. is the 154th day of the year (155th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... A young Indira Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi, during one of the latters fasts Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (Hindi: ) (19 November 1917 - October 31, 1984) She was the Prime Minister of India for three consecutive terms from 1966 to 1977 and for a fourth term from 1980 until her assassination in... Belligerents Indian Army Sikh militiamen Casualties and losses Military: 83 killed, 248 wounded Militants (including civilians): 492 Killed Operation Blue Star ( ਬਿਲਯੂ ਸਟਾਰ , बिल्यू स्टार ) (June 3 to June 6, 1984) was an Indian military operation ordered by Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India,[1] to remove Sikh militants from Golden Temple... This article is about the post-independence Indian Army. ...

According to Lieutenant General Kuldip Singh Brar, who commanded the operation, the body of Bhindranwale was identified by a number of agencies, including the police, the Intelligence Bureau and militants in the Army's custody.^[25] Bhindranwale's brother is also reported to have identified Bhindranwale's body.^[26] Pictures of what appear to be Bhindranwale's body have been published in at least two widely circulated books, Tragedy of Punjab: Operation Bluestar and After and Amritsar: Mrs Gandhi's Last Battle. BBC correspondent Mark Tully also reported seeing Bhindranwale's body during his funeral. Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. ... Sir Mark Tully (born 24 October 1935 in Calcutta, India) was the Chief of Bureau, BBC, New Delhi for 22 years. ...

People who maintain that he survived the operation include Dilbir Singh, the Public Relations Advisor at Guru Nanak Dev University.^[27] He stated that Bhindranwale was injured on the right side of his temple. He stated, "a government doctor verified he was captured alive. He was tortured to death."^[28][29] R.K. Bajaj, a correspondent for Surya magazine, claimed to have seen a photograph of Bhindranwale in custody.^[30] This claim is strongly contested, especially by Bhindranwale's son who has now become a prominent figure within Sikh politics. Some within the Damdami Taksal claimed he is still alive.^[27][2] However, Jarnail Singh was pronounced a martyr by the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee at a function in 2003.^[31] GURU NANAK DEV UNIVERSITY (G.N.D.U.) was established at Amritsar, India on 24th November,1969 to commemorate Guru Nanak Devs birth quincentenary celebrations. ... For other uses, see Martyr (disambiguation). ...

Legacy

Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale was praised by many Sikhs as a matyr of common time,^[32] but by other Sikhs he was considered to be a terrorist.^[2] Bhindranwale is hailed by some for his efforts to preach the philosophy of the Guru Granth Sahib to the Sikh people.^[32] Famed Indian novelist Khushwant Singh stated that "[Operation Blue Star] gave the movement for Khalistan its first martyr in Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale."^[33] In 2003, at a function arranged by the Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, Joginder Singh Vedanti, the present jathedar of the Akal Takht made a formal declaration that Bhindranwale was a "martyr" and awarded his son, Ishar Singh, a robe of honor.^[34] Harbans Singh's The Encyclopedia of Sikhism describes Bhindranwale as "a phenomenal figure of modern Sikhism."^[35] Religions Sikhism Scriptures Guru Granth Sahib Languages English, Punjabi] A Sikh (English: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ) is an adherent to Sikhism. ... This article is becoming very long. ... The Shri Guru Granth Sahib (Punjabi: , ) is the 11th Guru of Sikhism, the holy book of Sikhism, which is revered as a living Guru by the Sikhs. ... Sikhism (IPA: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ), founded on the teachings of Guru Nanak Dev and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century Northern India, is the fifth-largest religion in the world. ... A novel is an extended work of written, narrative, prose fiction, usually in story form; the writer of a novel is a novelist. ... Khushwant Singh , born on 2 February 1915 in Punjab (Hadali, now a part of Pakistan) is one of the most prominent novelists and journalists of India. ... Belligerents Indian Army Sikh militiamen Casualties and losses Military: 83 killed, 248 wounded Militants (including civilians): 492 Killed Operation Blue Star ( ਬਿਲਯੂ ਸਟਾਰ , बिल्यू स्टार ) (June 3 to June 6, 1984) was an Indian military operation ordered by Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India,[1] to remove Sikh militants from Golden Temple... Anthem: Deh Shiva Bar Mohe Official languages Punjabi and English Khālistān (East Punjabi: ), official title Sikh Republic of Khalistan, was the name given by Jagjit Singh Chauhan, to a proposed nation-state based on theocratic fundamentalism. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee (Punjabi: , ) is a Sikh religious organisation responsible for the upkeep of gurdwaras. ... The Akal Takht (Punjabi: , ) is the second holiest shrine of the Sikhs. ... Sikhism (IPA: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ), founded on the teachings of Guru Nanak Dev and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century Northern India, is the fifth-largest religion in the world. ...

Vir Sanghvi, one of India's leading political commentators said, "[Bhindranwale] remains a martyr in the eyes of many Sikhs. Even today, rare is the Sikh politician who will dare to call him what he was: a fanatic and a murderer."^[36] Others feel Bhidranwale wanted to rise to fame and create the theocratic nation of Khalistan. Some feel that Bhindranwale was responsible for the instigation of Operation Blue Star after he intentionally turned the Akal Takht into a fortress ^[37] in Amritsar.^[38] Vir Sanghvi is a leading Indian editor and television personality. ... For other uses, see Martyr (disambiguation). ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A politician is an individual who is a formally recognized and active member of a government, or a person who influences the way a society is governed through an understanding of political power and group dynamics. ... FANatic was an American TV show that was shown on the MTV network in the late 1990s. ... Murder is both a legal and a moral term, that are not always coincident. ... Anthem: Deh Shiva Bar Mohe Official languages Punjabi and English Khālistān (East Punjabi: ), official title Sikh Republic of Khalistan, was the name given by Jagjit Singh Chauhan, to a proposed nation-state based on theocratic fundamentalism. ... The Akal Takht (Punjabi: , ) is the second holiest shrine of the Sikhs. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Cynthia Keppley Mahmood wrote in Fighting for Faith and Nation: Dialogues With Sikh Militants that Bhindranwale never learned English but mastered Punjabi. He was adept at television, radio and press interviews.^[39] Keppley further stated that "[a]lthough the Indian press at various times compared him to Rasputin and Hitler, those who knew him personally uniformly report his general likability and ready humour as well his dedication to Sikhism".^[39] The author further states that "Largely responsible for launching Sikh militancy, he is valorized by millitants and de-monised by enemies and the accounts from the two divergent sources seem to refer to two completely different persons."^[39] Professor Mark Jurgensmeyer concluded in his paper on Religious violence that "[t]he more that we can resist appearing like the evil enemy that the Bhindranwales and Bin Ladens of this world say that we are, the better off we are in diffusing the vicious spiral of violence and dissipating images of cosmic war."^[40] The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Punjabi redirects here. ... Grigori Rasputin Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin (Russian: ) (22 January [O.S. 10 January] 1869 – 29 December [O.S. 16 December] 1916) was a Russian mystic with an influence in the later days of Russias Romanov dynasty. ... Hitler redirects here. ... Sikhism (IPA: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ), founded on the teachings of Guru Nanak Dev and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century Northern India, is the fifth-largest religion in the world. ... Religions Sikhism Scriptures Guru Granth Sahib Languages English, Punjabi] A Sikh (English: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ) is an adherent to Sikhism. ...

References

Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 77th day of the year (78th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 157th day of the year (158th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... BBC News is the department within the BBC responsible for the corporations news-gathering and production of news programmes on BBC television, radio and online. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 154th day of the year (155th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 87th day of the year (88th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 30th Anniversary issue of India Today India Today is an Indian weekly newsmagazine, in publication since 1975. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 14th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 301st day of the year (302nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jonathan Cape has been since 1987 an imprint of Random House. ... The Tribune, now published from Chandigarh and Delhi, started publication on February 2, 1881, in Lahore (now in Pakistan). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 259th day of the year (260th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 78th day of the year (79th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the capital city of India. ... Oxford University Press (OUP) is a highly-respected publishing house and a department of the University of Oxford in England. ... TIME redirects here. ... is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 69th day of the year (70th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Tribune, now published from Chandigarh and Delhi, started publication on February 2, 1881, in Lahore (now in Pakistan). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Indian Express is an Indian newspaper owned by Ramnath Goenka. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 160th day of the year (161st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 86th day of the year (87th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 86th day of the year (87th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Tribune, now published from Chandigarh and Delhi, started publication on February 2, 1881, in Lahore (now in Pakistan). ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 157th day of the year (158th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... , Patiala   (Punjabi: ਪਟਿਆਲਾ) is a city in the Punjab state of India. ... Punjabi University Patiala, one of the premier institutions of higher education located in Punjab (a state in India). ... The University of Chicago Press is the largest university press in the U.S. It is operated by the University of Chicago and publishes a wide variety of academic titles, including The Chicago Manual of Style, dozens of academic journals including Critical Inquiry, and a wide array of texts covering... The University of Pennsylvania Press (or Penn Press) was originally incorporated with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania on 26 March 1890, and the imprint of the University of Pennsylvania Press first appeared on publications in the closing decade of the nineteenth century--among the earliest such imprints in America. ...

External links

• Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale: Five Myths
• Video of Bhindranwale speech from July 19, 1983 with English subtitles
• "Oh, That Other Hindu Riot of Passage - an article by Khushwant Singh
• Knights of Falsehood - by K.P.S. Gill, former D.G.P. Punjab
• From Bhindranwale to Bin Laden: The Rise of Religious Violence
• June 6, 1984 BBC broadcast of Indian troops raiding the Golden Temple

v • d • e   Topics in Sikhism
Gurus	Guru Nanak Dev • Guru Angad Dev • Guru Amar Das • Guru Ram Das • Guru Arjan Dev • Guru Har Gobind • Guru Har Rai • Har Krishan • Guru Teg Bahadur • Guru Gobind Singh • Guru Granth Sahib • Sikh Bhagats
Philosophy	Beliefs and principles • Underlying values • Prohibitions • Technique and methods • Other observations
Practices	Ardās • Amrit Sanskar • Chaṛdī Kalā • Dasvand • Five Ks • Kirat Karō • Kirtan • Langar • Nām Japō • Simran • Three Pillars • Vaṇḍ Chakkō
Scripture	Guru Granth Sahib • Adi Granth • Dasam Granth • Sarbloh Granth • Bani • Chaupai • Jaap Sahib • Japji Sahib • Mool Mantar • Rehras • Sukhmani Sahib • Tav-Prasad Savaiye
More	History • Ek Onkar • Gurdwara • Harmandir Sahib • Khalsa • Khanda • Literature • Music • Names • Places • Politics • Satguru • Sikhs • Waheguru • Bhagat Farid • Bhagat Kabir • History of the Punjab • Sardar • Takhat • Dastar • Sikh Gems
Portal:Sikhism