NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Jat people

About 8 million Jats live in the Indian state of Haryana.The Jat people (IAST: Jāṭ, Hindi: जाट, Punjabi: ਜੱਟ جٹ Jatt, Urdu: جاٹ), are an ethnic group of people^[2]^[3] native to mainly the Punjab region^[4] of Northern India and Pakistan that have attributes of an ethnic group, tribe and a people.^[5]^[6] Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Punjabi (also Panjabi; in GurmukhÄ«, PanjÄbÄ« in ShÄhmukhÄ«) is the language of the Punjab regions of India and Pakistan. ... Rajasthani (à¤°à¤¾à¤œà¤¸à¥à¤¥à¤¾à¤¨à¥€) is a language of the Indo-Aryan languages family. ... Hariyanavi (à¤¹à¤°à¤¿à¤¯à¤¾à¤£à¥€) or Jatu or Bangaru is a dialect of Hindi language, spoken in the North Indian state of Haryana, and also in Delhi particularly by Jats. ... Balochi may refer to: Baloch people Balochi language This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... SindhÄ« (Ø³Ù†ÚŒÙŠ, à¤¸à¤¿à¤¨à¥à¤§à¥€) is the language of the Sindh region of South Asia, which is now a province of Pakistan. ... Gujarati (àª—à«àªœàª°àª¾àª¤à«€ GujÇŽrÄtÄ«; also known as Gujerati, Gujarathi, Guzratee, and Guujaratee[3]) is an Indo-Aryan language descending from Sanskrit, and part of the greater Indo-European language family. ... Hindi (DevanÄgarÄ«: or , IAST: , IPA: ), an Indo-European language spoken all over India in varying degrees and extensively in northern and central India, is one of the 22 official languages of India and is used, along with English, for central government administrative purposes. ... Urdu ( , , trans. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Hinduism is a religious tradition[1] that originated in the Indian subcontinent. ... This article discusses the historical religious practices in the Vedic time period; see Dharmic religions for details of contemporary religious practices. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... Sikhism (IPA: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ), founded on the teachings of Guru Nanak Dev and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century Northern India, is the fifth-largest religion in the world. ... The Indo-Aryans are a wide collection of peoples united by their common status as speakers of the Indo-Aryan (Indic/Indian) branch of the family of Indo-European and Indo-Iranian languages. ... Map of the Sintashta-Petrovka culture (red), its expansion into the Andronovo culture during the 2nd millennium BC, showing the overlap with the BMAC in the south. ... The Indo-Scythians are a branch of the Indo-Iranian Sakas (Scythians), who migrated from southern Siberia into Bactria, Sogdiana, Arachosia, Gandhara, Kashmir, Punjab, and into parts of Western and Central India, Gujarat and Rajasthan, from the middle of the 2nd century BCE to the 1st century BCE. The first... For the language group, see Indo-European languages. ... The neutrality of this article is disputed. ... The Baluch (alternative spelling Baloch) are an ethnic group of Iranian origin. ... Sindhi refers to an Indo-Aryan language speaking socio-ethnic group of people originating in Sindh which is part of present day Pakistan. ... IAST, or International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration is the academic standard for writing the Sanskrit language with the Latin alphabet and very similar to National Library at Calcutta romanization standard being used with many Indic scripts. ... Hindi (à¤¹à¤¿à¤¨à¥à¤¦à¥€) is a language spoken mainly in North and Central India. ... Punjabi redirects here. ... Urdu ( , , trans. ... This article is about the geographical region. ... The Indo-Gangetic Plain is a rich, fertile and ancient land encompassing most of northern and eastern India, the most populous parts of Pakistan, and virtually all of Bangladesh. ... http://www. ...

The Jat people are considered to be the merged descendants of the original Indo-Aryans and a later addition of Indo-Scythian tribes of the region, merging to form the Jat people.^[7] The Jat people of India and Pakistan are not to be confused with the peripatetic Jats of Afghanistan, who are a distinct ethnic group.^[8] The Indo-Aryans are a wide collection of peoples united by their common status as speakers of the Indo-Aryan (Indic/Indian) branch of the family of Indo-European and Indo-Iranian languages. ... The Indo-Scythians are a branch of the Indo-Iranian Sakas (Scythians), who migrated from southern Siberia into Bactria, Sogdiana, Arachosia, Gandhara, Kashmir, Punjab, and into parts of Western and Central India, Gujarat and Rajasthan, from the middle of the 2nd century BCE to the 1st century BCE. The first...

The Jatt people follow different faiths and are engaged in different professions. They have a discrete and distinct cultural history that can be historically traced back to ancient times.^[9]^[10]

Some have moved to Western countries for economic and family reasons. There some have risen to prominence among the immigrants in the West. Occident redirects here. ... Occident redirects here. ...

People

The Jat people are an ethnic people^[11]^[12] spread over Northern India and Pakistan (mainly the Punjab region)^[13] including large populations living in the EU, US, Canada, Australia and UK. Historically, most South Asians have been farmers and even today (two-thirds) 66% of Indians are farmers.^[14] The Jat people have traditionally been no different to other South Asians and have been mainly agriculturalists (landlord farmers) and members of the military as soldiers and officers serving in the Jat Regiment and most other regiments in India & Pakistan. However, in modern times (last 40 years) they are mainly a professional class e.g. Doctors, engineers, politicians and etc. The Jat Regiment is one of the longest serving and most decorated regiments of the Indian Army.^[15] Historically, there have been many Jat kings and other leading figures in history.^[16] The Jat people have also produced many prominent politicians and political leaders in Pakistan & India including (Choudhary Charan Singh, Chaudhary Bansi Lal and Chaudhari Devi Lal). This includes many Senators/ministers in the US and Canada, including the American State Senator from Minnesota, Satveer Chaudhary (the first South Asian state senator in American history).^[17] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Jat Regiment is an infantry regiment of the Indian Army and is one of the longest serving and most decorated regiments of the Indian Army [1]. The regiment has won five battle honours, eight Mahavir Chakra, eight Kirti Chakra, 32 Shaurya Chakras, 39 Vir Chakras and 170 Sena medals... The Indo-Gangetic Plain is a rich, fertile and ancient land encompassing most of northern and eastern India, the most populous parts of Pakistan, and virtually all of Bangladesh. ... This article is about the geographical region. ... Wikiquote has a collection of quotations by or about: European Union The European Union On-Line Official EU website, europa. ... United States may refer to: Places: United States of America SS United States, the fastest ocean liner ever built. ... The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a country in western Europe, and member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the G8, the European Union, and NATO. Usually known simply as the United Kingdom, the UK, or (inaccurately) as Great Britain or Britain, the UK has four constituent... Composite satellite image of the Indian subcontinent Map of South Asia. ... Composite satellite image of the Indian subcontinent Map of South Asia. ... A landlord, is the owner of a house, apartment, condominium, or real estate which is rented or leased to an individual or business, who is called the tenant. ... The Jat Regiment is an infantry regiment of the Indian Army and is one of the longest serving and most decorated regiments of the Indian Army [1]. The regiment has won five battle honours, eight Mahavir Chakra, eight Kirti Chakra, 32 Shaurya Chakras, 39 Vir Chakras and 170 Sena medals... Physicians are among the most commonly used examples of occupations which are part of the professional class. ... This article is about the Indian Prime Minister. ... Chaudhary Bansi Lal (1927 â€“ 2006) was a freedom fighter, senior Congress leader, former Chief Minister and the architect of Haryana. ... Chaudhari Devi Lal Chaudhari Devi Lal (1914-2001) was an Indian politician, freedom fighter, Chief Minister of the state of Haryana and Deputy Prime Minister of India. ... The Washington Senators can refer to: The Washington Senators (officially named the Washington Nationals during the 1905–1956 seasons), an American League baseball team based in Washington, D.C. from 1901 to 1960. ... A minister or a secretary is a politician who holds significant public office in a national or regional government. ... United States may refer to: Places: United States of America SS United States, the fastest ocean liner ever built. ... Capital Saint Paul Largest city Minneapolis Largest metro area Minneapolis-St. ... In 2000, Satveer Chaudhary became the first Asian-Indian senator in American history. ...

People Demographics

The census in 1931 in India recorded population on the basis of ethnicity. In 1925, according to Professor Qanungo^[18] the population of Jats was around nine million in South Asia and was made up of followers of three major religions as shown below: Image:1870 census Lindauer Weber 01. ... The meaning of the word professor (Latin: [1]) varies. ...

Professor B.S. Dhillon, states by taking population statistical analysis into consideration the Jat population growth of both India and Pakistan since 1925, Professor Quanungo's figure of nine million could be translated into a minimum population statistic (1988) of 30 million.^[19] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 522 pixelsFull resolutionâ€Ž (951 Ã— 620 pixels, file size: 73 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 522 pixelsFull resolutionâ€Ž (951 Ã— 620 pixels, file size: 73 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... A demographic or demographic profile is a term used in marketing and broadcasting, to describe a demographic grouping or a market segment. ... This article is about the geographical region. ... Hinduism is a religious tradition[1] that originated in the Indian subcontinent. ... Sikhism (IPA: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ), founded on the teachings of Guru Nanak Dev and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century Northern India, is the fifth-largest religion in the world. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... The meaning of the word professor (Latin: [1]) varies. ...

According to earlier censuses, the Jati or Jat people accounted for approximately 25% of the entire Sindhi-Punjabi speaking area, making it the one of "largest single socially distinctive group" in the region.^[20]

According to Hukum Singh Pawar (Pauria), adequate statistics about Jat people population are available in the Census Report of India of 1931, which is the last and the most comprehensive source of information on the Jat people, who were estimated to be approximately ten million in number at that time.^[21] From 1931 to 1988 the estimated increase in the Jat people population of the Indian subcontinent including Pakistan respectively is 3.5% Hindu, 3.5% Sikh and 4.0% Muslim.^[22] Dr Sukhbir Singh estimates that the population of Hindu Jats, numbered at 2,210,945 in the 1931 census, rose to about 7,738,308 by 1988, whereas Muslim Jats, numbered at 3,287,875 in 1931, would have risen to about 13,151,500 in 1988. The total population of Jats was given as 8,406,375 in 1931, and estimated to have been about 31,066,253 in 1988.

The region-wise break-up of the total Jat people population (including the Jat Hindu, Jat Sikh and Jat Muslim) is given in the following table. The Jat people, approximately 73%, are located mainly in the Punjab region:^[23] There are about 8 million Jats in Haryana. This article is about the geographical region. ...

This article is about the geographical region. ... , RÄjasthÄn (DevanÄgarÄ«: à¤°à¤¾à¤œà¤¸à¥à¤¥à¤¾à¤¨, IPA: ) is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area. ... , Uttar Pradesh (Hindi: , Urdu: , IPA: , translation: Northern Province), [often referred to as U.P.], located in central-south Asia and northern India, is the most populous and fifth largest state in the Republic of India. ... Jammu and Kashmir is a historic state in Asia which is currently disputed between India, Pakistan, and to a lesser extent, China. ... Balochistan or Baluchistan may refer to: Balochistan (region) is the name of a large region covering southwest Pakistan and southeast Iran Balochistan (Iran) is part of the Iranian Sistan and Baluchistan Province Balochistan (Pakistan) is the name of a province of Pakistan. ... North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) is geographically the smallest of the four provinces of Pakistan. ... Bombay Presidency was a former province of British India. ... , For other uses, see Delhi (disambiguation). ...

Military & Political People

A large number of Jat people serve in the Indian Army, including the Jat Regiment, Sikh Regiment, Rajputana Rifles and the Grenadiers, where they have won many of the highest military awards for gallantry and bravery. Jat people also serve in the Pakistan Army especially in the Punjab Regiment, where they have also been highly decorated. The Jat Regiment is an infantry regiment of the Indian Army, it is one of the longest serving and most decorated regiments of the Indian Army^[24]. The regiment has won 19 battle honours between 1839 to 1947^[25] and post independence 5 battle honours, eight Mahavir Chakra, eight Kirti Chakra, 32 Shaurya Chakras, 39 Vir Chakras and 170 Sena medals^[26] Major Hoshiar Singh of Rohtak won the Paramvir Chakra during Indo-Pak war of 1971. Rohtak district, which has a high density of Jat people, has the distinction of producing the highest number of Victoria Cross winners of any district in India. Image File history File links Jat_soldier. ... Image File history File links Jat_soldier. ... The Jat Regiment is an infantry regiment of the Indian Army and is one of the longest serving and most decorated regiments of the Indian Army [1]. The regiment has won five battle honours, eight Mahavir Chakra, eight Kirti Chakra, 32 Shaurya Chakras, 39 Vir Chakras and 170 Sena medals... A group of native Indian Muslim soldiers posing for volley firing orders. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 235 Ã— 500 pixelsFull resolution (235 Ã— 500 pixel, file size: 21 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Self created I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 235 Ã— 500 pixelsFull resolution (235 Ã— 500 pixel, file size: 21 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Self created I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU... This article is about the post-independence Indian Army. ... The Jat Regiment is an infantry regiment of the Indian Army and is one of the longest serving and most decorated regiments of the Indian Army [1]. The regiment has won five battle honours, eight Mahavir Chakra, eight Kirti Chakra, 32 Shaurya Chakras, 39 Vir Chakras and 170 Sena medals... The Sikh Regiment is the highest decorated regiment of the Indian Army, with 72 Battle Honours, 15 Theatre Honours and 5 COAS Unit Citations and 1596 other gallantry awards. ... The Rajputana Rifles are a regiment of the Indian Army, formerly the 6th Rajputana Rifles when part of the British Indian Army. ... The Grenadiers are a regiment of the Indian Army, and formerly the 4th Bombay Grenadiers when part of the British Indian Army. ... Bravery can mean: Courage, the human condition to confront pain and fear The Bravery, a rock band from the US The Bravery (album), the bands self-titled debut album This is a disambiguation page â€” a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Pakistan Army (Urdu: Ù¾Ø§Ú© ÙÙˆØ¬) is the largest branch of the Pakistan military, and is mainly responsible for protection of the state borders, the security of administered territories and defending the national interests of Pakistan within the framework of its international obligations. ... The Punjab Regiment is an infantry regiment of the Pakistan Army. ... Infantry of the Royal Irish Rifles during the Battle of the Somme in World War I Infantry or footmen are very highly disciplined and trained soldiers who fight primarily with small arms(rifles), but are trained to use everything from their bare hands to missle systems in order to neutralize... British regiment A regiment is a military unit, consisting of a variable number of battalions - commanded by a colonel. ... This article is about the post-independence Indian Army. ... A battle honour is a military tradition practiced in the Commonwealth countries of the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand and is an official acknowledgement rewarded to military units for their achievements in specific wars or operations of a military campaign. ... The Mahavir Chakra is the second highest decoration in India and is awarded for acts of conspicuous gallantry in the presence of the enemy whether on land, at sea or in the air. ... Kirti Chakra is an Indian military decoration awarded for valor, courageous action or self-sacrifice away from the battlefield. ... Shaurya Chakra is an Indian military decoration awarded for valor, courageous action or self-sacrifice away from the battlefield. ... Vir Chakra is an Indian gallantry award presented for acts of bravery in the battle field. ... Category: ... The Param Vir Chakra is an Indian military decoration given for valour in combat operations. ... , Rohtak (Hindi: à¤°à¥‹à¤¹à¤¤à¤•) is a municipal council located in Rohtak District in the Haryana state of India on N.H. 10 70 K.m. ... For other uses, see Victoria Cross (disambiguation). ...

A number of Jat people belonging to the political classes have produced many political leaders, including the 6th Prime Minister of India, Prime Minister Choudhary Charan Singh. Moreover, there have been many Jat Kings and warriors throughout history.^[28] The Prime Minister of India is, in practice, the most powerful person in the Government of India. ... This article is about the Indian Prime Minister. ...

The Jat people are one of the most prosperous groups in India on a per-capita basis (Punjab, Haryana, and Gujarat are the wealthiest of Indian states).^[29]

Background

Origin & lineage

The Jat people are considered to be the merged descendants of the original Indo-Aryans and a later addition of Indo-Scythian tribes of the region, merging to form the Jat people.^[7]^[30]^[31] ^[32] The Jat people of India and Pakistan are not to be confused with the peripatetic Jats of Afghanistan, who are a distinct ethnic group.^[33] The Indo-Aryans are a wide collection of peoples united by their common status as speakers of the Indo-Aryan (Indic/Indian) branch of the family of Indo-European and Indo-Iranian languages. ... The Indo-Scythians are a branch of the Indo-Iranian Sakas (Scythians), who migrated from southern Siberia into Bactria, Sogdiana, Arachosia, Gandhara, Kashmir, Punjab, and into parts of Western and Central India, Gujarat and Rajasthan, from the middle of the 2nd century BCE to the 1st century BCE. The first...

Indo-Scythian lineage

Professor B.S Dhillon states that Jat people are of Indo-Scythian lineage in History and study of the Jats.^[34] Moreover, Alexander Cunningham considered the Jat people to be of Indo-Scythian stock. He thought that the Manhábari (perhaps = Mer, Med, Mand, Mind) and the Saminagar (perhaps = Sammâ) tribes were Indo-Scythians. He says "their name is found in Northern India from the beginning of the Christian era." These people were apparently considered by some of the early Muslim writers to have descended from Med and Zat, "two descendants of Ham, the son of Noah", and to be "the progenitors of the people of Sindh prior to the Mahâbhârata." Cunningham believes they "were in full possession of the valley of the Indus towards the end of the seventh century. We hear of no Semitic origins in India before the advent of Islam. Thus is the traditional approach of many Muslims to Semitize Hindu India. "^[31] Sir Alexander Cunningham (23 January 1814â€“28 November 1893) was an English archaeologist and army engineer, known as the father of the Archaeological Survey of India. ... The Indo-Scythian King of Kings Azes II (c. ... The Indo-Scythians are a branch of the Indo-Iranian Sakas (Scythians), who migrated from southern Siberia into Bactria, Sogdiana, Arachosia, Gandhara, Kashmir, Punjab, and into parts of Western and Central India, Gujarat and Rajasthan, from the middle of the 2nd century BCE to the 1st century BCE. The first... This article is about the cut of meat. ... This article is about the biblical Noah. ... Sindh (SindhÄ«: Ø³Ù†ÚŒ, UrdÅ«: Ø³Ù†Ø¯Ú¾) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhis. ...

Indo-Aryan lineage

The Indo-Aryan origin of Jat people has been advocated on the basis of ethnological, physical and linguistic standards by many historians like E.B.Havell,^[35] Qanungo,^[36] C.V.Vaidya,^[37] Sir Herbert Risley,^[38] Thakur Deshraj,^[39] Mangal Sen Jindal^[40]etc. Thakur Deshraj (1903-1970) was a social worker, nationalist and a historian of Rajasthan in India. ...

The Sinsinwar Jat people rulers of Bharatpur have been recorded as Yadav, by Prakash Chandra Chandawat.^[41] Historian UN Sharma has mentioned the chronology of Krishna in which starting from Sindhupal in 64th generation of Krishna to Bharatpur ruler Maharaja Brijendra Singh (1929-1948) all the rulers are mentioned as Yaduvanshi Jat people.^[42] Sinsinwar is a gotra of Jats found in Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh in India. ... , Bharatpur (Hindi:à¤à¤°à¤¤à¤ªà¥à¤°) is a city in the Indian state of Rajasthan. ... Yadavas redirects here. ... Maharaja Brijendra Singh (born 1918 â€“ death 1995) was the ruler of princely state Bharatpur (1929â€“1947) and successor of Maharaja Kishan Singh. ...

Shiva's Locks Legend of Jat people

The mythological account of Origin of Jats from Shiva's Locks was propounded by the author of Deva Samhita. Deva Samhita^[43]^[44]^[45] is a collection of Sanskrit hymns by Gorakh Sinha during the early medieval period. Devasamhita records an account of the Origin of the Jats in the form of discussion between Shiva and Parvati expressed in shloka (verses). Pārvatī asks Shiva, O Lord Bhutesha, knower of all religions, kindly narrate about the birth and exploits of the Jat race. Who is their father? Who is their mother? Which race are they? When were they born? Having read the mind of Parvati, Shiva said, "O mother of the world, I may tell you honestly the origin and exploits of the Jat people about whom none else has so far revealed anything to you. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (600x696, 166 KB) Summary Shiva and Parvati as depicted in a painting â€“ part of Smithsonian Instituteâ€™s collections from the following link: http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (600x696, 166 KB) Summary Shiva and Parvati as depicted in a painting â€“ part of Smithsonian Instituteâ€™s collections from the following link: http://www. ... The Smithsonian Institution Building or Castle on the National Mall serves as the Institutions headquarters. ... This article is about a system of myths. ... For other uses, see Shiva (disambiguation). ... For the Harry Potter character, see Parvati Patil. ... For the Harry Potter character, see Parvati Patil. ... For other uses, see Shiva (disambiguation). ...

Jat people through history

Jat people in Mahabharata period

Jat people find a mention in most ancient Indian literature like Mahabharata and Rig Veda. Over sixty clans are named in the Rig Veda.^[7] In the Mahabharata as they are mentioned ‘Jartas’ in ‘Karna Parva’. The famous Sanskrit scholar Panini (traditionally dated 520-460 BCE, with estimates ranging from the 7th to 4th centuries BCE) has mentioned in his Sanskrit grammar known as Aṣṭādhyāyī in the form of shloka as जट झट संघाते or “Jat Jhat Sanghate”.^[46] This means that the terms 'Jat' and 'democratic federation' are synonymous. For the film by Peter Brook, see The Mahabharata (1989 film). ... The Rig Veda ऋग्वेद (Sanskrit ṛc praise + veda knowledge) is the earliest of the four Hindu religious scriptures known as the Vedas. ... The Rig Veda ऋग्वेद (Sanskrit ṛc praise + veda knowledge) is the earliest of the four Hindu religious scriptures known as the Vedas. ... For the film by Peter Brook, see The Mahabharata (1989 film). ... Sanskrit ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... Indian postage stamp depicting (2004), with the implication that he used (IPA ) was an ancient Gandharan grammarian (approximately 5th century BC, but estimates range from the 7th to the 3rd centuries) who is most famous for formulating the 3,959 rules of Sanskrit morphology known as the . ... Sanskrit ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Democracy is a form of government under which the power to alter the laws and structures of government lies, ultimately, with the citizenry. ... A map displaying todays federations. ...

Jat people in Shāhnāma

According to Dr S.M. Yunus Jaffery, Jat people have been mentioned in Shāhnāma ("The epic of kings") ^[47], the national epic of Persia (modern Iran), by Hakīm Abul-Qāsim Firdawsī Tūsī (Persian: حکیم ابوالقاسم فردوسی توسی‎ ), more commonly transliterated as Firdowsi (935–1020), the most revered Persian poet. The Shāhnāma tells the mythical and historical past of Iran from the creation of the world up until the Islamic conquest of Iran in the 7th century. The Shâhnameh recounts the history of Iran, beginning with the creation of the world and the introduction of the arts of civilization (fire, cooking, metallurgy, law) to the Aryans and ends with the Arab conquest of Persia. The scene that has been drawn by Firdowsi in his Shahnama is in the legend of Rostam and Sohrab. Sohrab was in search of Rostam, his father. Both, the father and son had heard the heroic deeds of each other, but none of them wanted to disclose his identification. Sohrab while being in search of his father leads his army to the White Castle (Dazh-e-Safid) in Iran. Hujir, guardian of the castle, sees the army come and goes to meet them. Sohrab asked Hujir about the heroes and war champions of Iran as under:^[48]^[49]^[50] Image File history File links Emblem-important. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... ShÄhnÄma Scenes from the ShÄhnÄma carved into reliefs at Tus, where Ferdowsi is buried. ... For other uses of this term see: Persia (disambiguation) The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). ... Farsi redirects here. ... فردوسی Ferdowsi Ferdowsi Ferdowsi Tousi (فردوسی طوسی in Persian) (more commonly transliterated Firdausi) (935–1020) is considered to be one of the greatest Persian poets to have ever lived. ... edit Geographical extent of Iranian influence in the 1st century BCE. The Parthian Empire (mostly Western Iranian) is shown in red, other areas, dominated by Scythia (mostly Eastern Iranian), in orange. ... Aryan (/eÉ™rjÉ™n/ or /É‘ËrjÉ™n/, Sanskrit: ) is a Sanskrit and Avestan word meaning noble/spiritual one. ... For other uses, see Arab (disambiguation). ... For other uses of this term see: Persia (disambiguation) The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). ... فردوسی Ferdowsi Ferdowsi Ferdowsi Tousi (فردوسی طوسی in Persian) (more commonly transliterated Firdausi) (935–1020) is considered to be one of the greatest Persian poets to have ever lived. ... Rostam and Sohrab is a story from the Persian epic the Shahnameh. ... For other uses, see Sohrab (disambiguation). ... Rostam Slaying the Dragon- A miniature Painting by Master Mahmoud Farshchian. ...

Jat people in Majmal-ut-Tawarikh

Majmal-ut-Tawarikh, the first Persian account of the 11th century (1026), refers an interesting legend about Jat people and Meds. It says that both these people, the descendants of Ham, lived in Sind on the banks of the river Bahar. They indulged in mutual warfare. It so happens that Jat people overpowered the distressing Meds. But realizing the futility of continuous struggle both the Jat people and the Meds begged King Dajushan (Duryodhan) to appoint a King to rule over them and thereby ensure perpetual peace. The King nominated his sister Dassal (Duhsala), who governed them with wisdom. But despite its riches, dignity and greatness, there was no Brahman or wise man in the country. Hence from all over Hindustan thirty thousand Brahmans along with their families were sent there by her brother. Perhaps the name of the famous city Brahmanabad points to the place where the Brahman immigrants first settled.^[51] They settled there and in time Sind became flourishing. The queen later on made over small portion of her realm to the Jats and appointed one of them, Judrat, as their chief. She made a similar provision for the Meds also.^[52] This narrative involving the mythological figures can not be regarded as a historical fact but would imply that the people designated as Jat people were present at the time of war of Mahabharata.^[53] A copy of the book from Herat, dated 1425CE. Depicted are Muhammad and the archangel Gabriel. ... A copy of the book from Herat, dated 1425CE. Depicted are Muhammad and the archangel Gabriel. ... Farsi redirects here. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Le de de Sind de ou de Sindh de (Sindhi: â€Ž, Urdu: â€Ž, Hindi: ) peut se rapporter : * Sindh de le Pakistan (de 1970), retitrÃ© du ** de province de Sind dedans 1990 * [[provinces de |Sind] de province de Sind (1936-1955)] de lInde britannique (1936-04-01 - 1947-08-13) ** de le... Bahar is a town in Hamadan Province in Iran. ... In the Hindu epic the Mahabharata, Duryodhana is the eldest son of the blind king Dhritarashtra by Queen Gandhari, the eldest of the one hundred Kaurava brothers, and the chief antagonist of the Pandavas. ... Duhsala (alias Dushala, Dussala etc) was the sister of Duryodhana in the Indian epic Mahabharata. ... The term Hindustan (Hindi: à¤¹à¤¿à¤¨à¥à¤¦à¥à¤¸à¥à¤¤à¤¾à¤¨ [HindustÄn], Urdu: [HindustÄn], from the (Persian) Hindu + -stÄn, often formerly rendered Hindoostan) and the adjective Hindustani may relate to various aspects of three geographical areas (see Names of India): The modern Republic of India. ... This page deals with the Hindu concept of The Supreme Reality. ... Mansura (Arabic: Ù…Ù†ØµÙˆØ±Û) was the capital of the Arab empire in Pakistan. ... For the film by Peter Brook, see The Mahabharata (1989 film). ...

Noun Etymology of Jat

The most common view about the origin of the word, 'Jat' with regards to Jat people, is that it has originated from Jeat. Professor J. A. Leake states Jat is dervied from the old Central Asian and Gothic word from Jaet.^[54]^[55] The Gothic etymology is futher stated & agreed by other scholars such a Bhim Singh Dahiya who state, Jeat (also spelt Geat) was the names of Central Asia tribes.^[56] Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ... This article is about the Germanic tribes. ... Bhim Singh Dahiya was a historian and civil servant belonging to the Indian Revenue Service (IRS). ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ...

Jat people in Islamic History

Jat people & their history have been intertwined with Islam, starting from the 7th Century. It has been mentioned of Jats were living in Arabia and being the earliest people of South Asian origin to become Muslims. They were in Muhammad's army in all the battles he fought. They were later appointed as guards of the treasury of the Islamic Caliphate. However, the largest period of integration and conflict began from the 11th century onwards.^[57]^[58] These factors have affected and influenced the Jat people, their history and their culture. These influences include periods of conflict and periods of integration with Jat people, their social institutions and their culture. For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ...

Ancient Jat people Kingdoms

Jat rulers in Kaikan

Kaikan was a province in Sind. Kikania is the name of a mountain. When the Arab invaders first time came to Kaikan mountains, the Jat people repelled them. Professor K.R. Kanungo^[59] writes that when Muhammad bin Qasim invaded Sind, Kaikan country was in independent possession of Jats. The country of Kaikan was supposed to be in south-eastern Afghanistan^[60], which was conquered from Jat people by the Arab general Amran Bin Musa in the reign of the Khalifa Al-Mutasim-bi-llah, (833-881 AD).^[61] During the same reign another expedition was sent against the Jat people who had seized upon the roads of Hajar (?)...and spread terror over the roads and planted posts in all directions towards the desert. They were overcome after a bloody conflict of twenty five days. 27000 of them were led in captivity to grace the triumph of victor. It was a custom among these people to blow their horns when Marshalled for battle.^[62]^[63]^[64] D.N.Jha & Shrimali wrote in Ancient History of India [Delhi University Publication]-"Jats of Kikkan fought very bravely and defeated the Arabs very badly again & again". Therefore, an Arab attack on India by Kikkan was routed [Page no 350]. The Jat people of India had many kingdoms in ancient times. ... Le de de Sind de ou de Sindh de (Sindhi: â€Ž, Urdu: â€Ž, Hindi: ) peut se rapporter : * Sindh de le Pakistan (de 1970), retitrÃ© du ** de province de Sind dedans 1990 * [[provinces de |Sind] de province de Sind (1936-1955)] de lInde britannique (1936-04-01 - 1947-08-13) ** de le... The meaning of the word professor (Latin: [1]) varies. ... Muhammad bin Qasim Al-Thaqafi (Arabic: Ù…ØÙ…Ø¯ Ø¨Ù† Ù‚Ø§Ø³Ù…) (c. ... Le de de Sind de ou de Sindh de (Sindhi: â€Ž, Urdu: â€Ž, Hindi: ) peut se rapporter : * Sindh de le Pakistan (de 1970), retitrÃ© du ** de province de Sind dedans 1990 * [[provinces de |Sind] de province de Sind (1936-1955)] de lInde britannique (1936-04-01 - 1947-08-13) ** de le... In the Book of Genesis, Hagar (הָגָר Stranger, Standard Hebrew Hagar, Tiberian Hebrew Hāḡār; Arabic هجر Hajar) is an Egyptian-born servant of Sarah, wife of Abraham. ...

Panwar rulers in Omarkot

Umerkot or Omarkot (Urdu: عمرکوٹ) is town in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. It is also referred to as Amar Kot as per old histories, "Amar Kot Itehas" by Tej Singh Solanki. Once, it has been Capital of Greater Sindh Province, including some parts of present Rajasthan state of India. According to Thakur Deshraj, Panwar clan Jats were rulers here prior to Mughal ruler Humayun. Jame Todd tells it to be a Rajput state confusing Panwar with Rajputs, but it was denied by Cunningham, who wrote it to be a Panwar Jat state referring to the author of Humayun Nama.^[65]^[66] The Jat people of India had many kingdoms in ancient times. ... Umerkot or Omarkot (Urdu: Ø¹Ù…Ø±Ú©ÙˆÙ¹ ) a (25. ... Sindh (SindhÄ«: Ø³Ù†ÚŒ, UrdÅ«: Ø³Ù†Ø¯Ú¾) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhis. ... , RÄjasthÄn (DevanÄgarÄ«: à¤°à¤¾à¤œà¤¸à¥à¤¥à¤¾à¤¨, IPA: ) is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area. ... Thakur Deshraj (1903-1970) was a social worker, nationalist and a historian of Rajasthan in India. ... The Ponwar (also Panwar or Pawar) are a Maratha clan that ruled the states of Chhatarpur, Dewas, Dhar, and Rajgarh in central India. ... Nasiruddin Humayun (March 6, 1508 â€“ February 22, 1556), second Mughal Emperor, ruled in India from 1530â€“1540 and 1555â€“1556. ... Cunningham may refer to: Cunninghame - a district of Scotland Cunningham (sailing) - a device to adjust the sail shape on yachts, named after its inventor Briggs S. Cunningham II Cunningham - high-performance prototype automobiles built as racecars by Briggs S. Cunningham II and competing in motorsports during the 1950s; the first... The Ponwar (also Panwar or Pawar) are a Maratha clan that ruled the states of Chhatarpur, Dewas, Dhar, and Rajgarh in central India. ...

Other Jat people rulers in Sind

Thakur Deshraj mentions about rule of other Jat named Chandra Ram of Hala clan. He was ruler of Susthan but he lost it to Muslims. He wandered for some time but later he attacked the fort and occupied it. When Muhammad bin Qasim learnt it he sent 1000 sawar and 2000 footsoldiers to suppress Chandra Ram. He fought bravely but was killed. His state was known as Halakhandi.^[63]^[67] The Jat people of India had many kingdoms in ancient times. ... Thakur Deshraj (1903-1970) was a social worker, nationalist and a historian of Rajasthan in India. ... Hala can refer to The Hala clan of India and Pakistan. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…Ø§Ù†, Turkish: MÃ¼slÃ¼man, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... Muhammad bin Qasim Al-Thaqafi (Arabic: Ù…ØÙ…Ø¯ Ø¨Ù† Ù‚Ø§Ø³Ù…) (c. ...

Maharaja Shalinder

After the fall of Kushan Empire country was divided in to small states. There is no information of any important Jat state in a period of two centuries following Kushan rule. In the beginning of fifth century we find Jat ruler Maharaja Shalinder with his rule extending from Punjab to Malwa and Rajasthan. This is proved from the Pali inscription obtained from village Kanwas in Kota state in year 1820 AD. We get following information from this inscription: ^[68] The Jat people of India had many kingdoms in ancient times. ... Boundary of the Kushan empire, c. ... Boundary of the Kushan empire, c. ... (4th century - 5th century - 6th century - other centuries) Events Rome sacked by Visigoths in 410. ... This article is about the geographical region. ... Malwa (Malvi:à¤®à¤¾à¤³à¤µà¤¾) is a region in western India occupying a plateau of volcanic origin in the western part of Madhya Pradesh state and the south-eastern part of Rajasthan. ... , RÄjasthÄn (DevanÄgarÄ«: à¤°à¤¾à¤œà¤¸à¥à¤¥à¤¾à¤¨, IPA: ) is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area. ... Kota can refer to: The Indonesian word for city. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

Shalinder was the ruler Shalpur, known in the present by the name Sialkot. He established this state on his own power, which indicates that he was a monarch emerged from chieftain ship of a republic state. He had a powerful army full of strong warriors amongst whom he felt proud of glory of his ethnicity. He had many small states under him and a rich treasury. He was a Kashyapvanshi (Suryavanshi) Taxak clan Jat. He had left Buddhism and adopted puranic religion and started vedic culture like performing yagyas etc.^[69] Sialkot (Urdu/Punjabi: Ø³ÛŒØ§Ù„Ú©ÙˆÙ¹ ) is a city situated in the north-east of the Punjab province in Pakistan at the feet of the snow-covered peaks of Kashmir near the Chenab river. ... Look up republic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In the Puranas, Kashyapa (Sanskrit à¤•à¤¶à¥à¤¯à¤ª kaÅ›yapa) (meaning tortoise) was an ancient sage (one of the rishis), father of the Devas, Asuras, Nagas and all of humanity. ... Suryavanshi are people belonging to the Suryavansha, or dynasty of the Sun. According to legend, the Suryavanshis are descended from Surya, the Hindu Sun God. ... Takshak or Taxak is a gotra of jats found in India, Pakistan and Central Asia. ... A statue of the Sakyamuni Buddha in Tawang Gompa, India. ...

Kartik Jat people ruler of Bundi

James Tod obtained a Pali inscription about Jit (= Jat?) tribe at village Ramchandrapura 3 kos (6 miles) east of Bundi state, which he sent to Asiatic Society London. The inscription reveals that there was a king Thot born in Uti vansha. His son was Raja Chandrasain, a powerful and beloved of his subject. The son of Chandrasain was Kartik, renowned for his prowess. His wife was Gunaniwas, who gave birth to two sons Mukund and Daruk. Daruk produced son named Kuhal. Kuhal produced son named Dhunak, who achieved great works. He had war with Hill Meenas tribes and defeated and destroyed them. He along with his brother Dok worshipped gods and brahmanas. They founded a temple. Kuhal had founded this temple and a Maheshwar temple in east. The popularity of this was spread by Achal son of Mahabali Maharaja Yashovarma.^[70] The Jat people of India had many kingdoms in ancient times. ... James Tod (1782-1835), British officer and Oriental scholar, was born on March 20 1782, and went to India as a cadet in the Bengal army in 1799. ... Pali (IAST: ) is a Middle Indo-Aryan dialect or prakrit. ... Bundi is a city and a municipality of approximately 88,000 inhabitants (2001) in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan state in northwest India. ... Thoth, pronounced tot, is the Greek name given to the Egyptian god of the moon (lunar deity), wisdom, writing, magic, and measurement of time, among other things. ... Meena Durairaj (Tamil : à®®à¯€à®©à®¾) is one of the most successful actresses in South Indian cinema. ...

Jat republics in Rajasthan

Jat republics in Jangladesh Jangladesh is a region of northern Rajasthan state in India. ...

Jangladesh was the name of a region of northern Rajasthan state in India.^[71] It included the present-day districts of Bikaner, Churu, Ganganagar, and Hanumangarh.^{[citation needed]} These districts are predominant districts of the Jat people. It corresponds to the former princely state of Bikaner, which was founded in the 15th century and persisted until shortly after India's Independence in 1947. The principal towns of Jangladesh at present are Bikaner, Churu, Rajgarh, Ratangarh and Reni. There is mention of this province in Bhisma Parva of Mahabharata.^[72] At every stage of invasion to India the foreign invaders had to encounter with the Jats of this region. At what period the Jat people established themselves in the Indian desert is not known. By the 4th century they had spread up to Punjab in India.^[73] Image File history File links Emblem-important. ... Jangladesh is a region of northern Rajasthan state in India. ... , RÄjasthÄn (DevanÄgarÄ«: à¤°à¤¾à¤œà¤¸à¥à¤¥à¤¾à¤¨, IPA: ) is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area. ... , Bikaner is a city in the northwest of the state of Rajasthan in western India. ... , Churu (Hindi: à¤šà¥‚à¤°à¥) is a town in the desert region of Rajasthan, India. ... , Ganganagar, also called Sri Ganganagar, is a small city in Rajasthan state of western India. ... Hanumangarh is a town in northern Rajasthan state in western India, located 300 km from Delhi. ... , Bikaner is a city in the northwest of the state of Rajasthan in western India. ... , Bikaner is a city in the northwest of the state of Rajasthan in western India. ... , Churu (Hindi: à¤šà¥‚à¤°à¥) is a town in the desert region of Rajasthan, India. ... Rajgarh is a city and district in Madhya Pradesh state of central India. ... Ratangarh (à¤°à¤¤à¤¨à¤—à¤¢) is a town of Churu district in Rajasthan, India. ... Reni is: Alan Wren, drummer for The Stone Roses a city in southern Ukraine, near the confluence of Prut and Danube rivers This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... This article is about the geographical region. ...

The north-eastern and north-western Rajasthan, known by the name Jangladesh in ancient times^[74] was inhabited by Jat clans ruled by their own chiefs and largely governed by their own customary law.^[75] Whole of the region was possessed by six or seven cantons namely Punia, Godara, Saran, Sihag, Beniwal,Johiya.^[76] and Kaswan.^[77] Besides these cantons there were several clan of Jat people, simultaneously wrested from Rajput proprietors for instance Bagor, Kharipatta, Mohila or Mehila,^[78] Bhukar, Bhadu, Chahar , Naich. ^[79] According to History of Bikaner State and by the scholars, the region was occupied by Jat people with their seven territories. It is said about Jat territories that Saat Patti Sattavan Majh (means seven long and fifty-seven small territories).^[80] Following are the main clans and their heads with capital and number of villages in each territory.^[81]^[82] , RÄjasthÄn (DevanÄgarÄ«: à¤°à¤¾à¤œà¤¸à¥à¤¥à¤¾à¤¨, IPA: ) is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area. ... Jangladesh is a region of northern Rajasthan state in India. ... Punia (town) - a town in Lithuania Punia (Hinduism) - Jat Gotra Categories: Disambiguation ... Godara is a surname found in Jat community in India. ... Saran may refer to: Locations: Saran, Kazakhstan (Ð¡Ð°Ñ€Ð°Ð½ÑŒ), a city in Kazakhstan Saran, Loiret, a commune of the Loiret Department, France Saran District, Bihar, India Saran Division, Bihar, India People: Saran, a clan of Jats in India Saran (director), a Tamil film director Shyam Saran (b. ... Asiagh or Asiyag is a gotra of jats in Rajasthan, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh in India. ... Beniwal is a clan or gotra of jats in Rajasthan, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh in India. ... Joiya or Johiya(Urdu: Ø¬ÙˆØ¦ÛŒÛ) is a Rajput clan of Northern India and Pakistan. ... Kaswan or Kuswan is a gotra of jats in Rajasthan in India. ... Bhukar or Bhuker or Bhakar is a gotra of Jats found in Rajasthan and Haryana in India. ... Bhadu is clan or gotra of Jats found in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Jat republics in United province

Garhwal is a gotra(clan) of Jats are found in Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan in India. ... Garhmukteshwar is a city and a municipal board in Ghaziabad district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. ... Kaliraman or Kaliramna is gotra of Jats found in Haryana and Punjab. ... , Mathura (Hindi: à¤®à¤¥à¥à¤°à¤¾, Urdu: Ù…ØªÚ¾Ø±Ø§) is a holy city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... The river Yamuna is a major river of northern India, with a total length of around 1370 km. ... Khirwar is a clan or gotra of Jats found in Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Madhya Pradesh in India. ... Lord Krishna Krishna (à¤•à¥ƒà¤·à¥à¤£, Sanskrit for black), born to Devaki and Vasudeva, raised by Yashoda and Nanda, played a unique & crucial role in the Mahabharata war, and is regarded as the eighth avatar of Vishnu. ... Brij or Braj or Brajbhoomi is a region in Uttar Pradesh of India. ... , Madhya Pradesh (abbreviated as MP) (HindÄ«: à¤®à¤§à¥à¤¯ à¤ªà¥à¤°à¤¦à¥‡à¤¶, English: , IPA: ), often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. ... The Narmada River in central India The Narmada (Gujarati: àª¨àª°à«àª®àª¦àª¾ Devanagri: à¤¨à¤°à¥à¤®à¤¦à¤¾ or Nerbudda (Narbada) is a river in central India in Indian subcontinent. ... Narsinghpur or Narsimhapur is a town in Madhya Pradesh state of central India. ... Nauhwar (à¤¨à¥Œà¤¹à¤µà¤¾à¤°) is a gotra of Jats found in Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh in India. ... , Mathura (Hindi: à¤®à¤¥à¥à¤°à¤¾, Urdu: Ù…ØªÚ¾Ø±Ø§) is a holy city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... KoÄ«l or Koil was earlier name of the present city Aligarh in Uttar Pradesh, India. ... Kampilya (Sanskrit: à¤•à¤®à¥à¤ªà¤¿à¤²à¥â€à¤¯) was the Capital of the Panchala Kingdom ruled by Drupada during Mahabharata period. ... Ganga redirects here. ... , Aligarh (Hindi: à¤…à¤²à¥€à¤—à¤¢à¤¼, Urdu: Ø¹Ù„ÛŒ Ú¯Ú‘Ú¾) is a city in Aligarh District in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Hala is a gotra or clan of the Jats found in the states of Punjab and Uttar Pradesh in India and in the province of Sindh in Pakistan. ... Kuntal or Khutail is a gotra of Jats found in Uttar Pradesh. ... Pachar or Pachehra is Gotra of Jats found in Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh in India. ... Thenua is a clan or gotra of jats found in Uttar Pradesh in India. ...

Jat republics in Malwa

Malwa (Malvi:à¤®à¤¾à¤³à¤µà¤¾) is a region in western India occupying a plateau of volcanic origin in the western part of Madhya Pradesh state and the south-eastern part of Rajasthan. ... Malwa (Malvi:à¤®à¤¾à¤³à¤µà¤¾) is a region in western India occupying a plateau of volcanic origin in the western part of Madhya Pradesh state and the south-eastern part of Rajasthan. ... Harsha or Harshavardhana (606-648) was an Indian emperor who ruled northern India as paramount monarch for over forty years. ... Shiladitya (Hindi: à¤¶à¤¿à¤²à¤¾à¤¦à¤¿à¤¤à¥à¤¯) was a ruler of Malwa. ... Singhvarma (Hindi: à¤¸à¤¿à¤‚à¤¹à¤µà¤°à¥à¤®à¤¾) was a ruler of Malwa, contemporary of Samudragupta (335-375 AD). ... Vishnuvardhan (real name is Sampath Kumar) (born September 18, 1950) is a popular actor in the Indian state of Karnataka. ... Yasodharman was the king of Malwa, in central India, during the early part of the 6th century. ...

Jat people in the pre-Aurangzeb period

We do not have the means to form an accurate and comprehensive view of their past, from the early medieval times to commencement of the reign of Aurangzeb when their brethren of Mathura and Bharatpur step by step rose to political prominence. Our sources contain incidental and meager information about the Jat people.^[83] The Jats in the pre-Aurangzeb period, according to the historian Qanungo, had little scope for their lawless activity under the strong governments of the Surs and the Mughals down to the accession of Aurangzeb (1658 - 1707). ... Aurangzeb (Persian: (full title Al-Sultan al-Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Abdul Muzaffar Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Bahadur Alamgir I, Padshah Ghazi) (November 3, 1618 â€“ March 3, 1707), also known by his chosen Imperial title Alamgir I (Conqueror of the Universe) (Persian: ), was the ruler of the Mughal Empire from... , Mathura (Hindi: à¤®à¤¥à¥à¤°à¤¾, Urdu: Ù…ØªÚ¾Ø±Ø§) is a holy city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ...

It needs no stress that the mind of the people is better and more correctly revealed by their own writings. In case of the Jat people who generally do not have a respectable tradition of history writing, the paucity of any systematic and complete history from their side causes difficulties to a student of their history. The non-Jat sources do provide facts about the Jat activities. The sources consulted include such as Majmal-ut-Tawarikh, Tabkai-i-Akbari, Kamil-ut-Tawarikh, Tarikh-us-Subuktigin, Malfuzat-i-Timuri,Tarikh-i-Sher Shahi etc.

The history of pre-Aurangzeb period reveals that they (the Jat people) have shown in all times – whether against Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni, or against Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali – the same propensity to fall upon the rear of a retreating army undeterred by the heaviest odds, or the terror-inspiring fame of great conquerors. When encountered they showed the same obstinate and steady courage unmindful of the carnage on the field or of the miseries that were in store for them after defeat".^[84]^[85] Mahmud and Ayaz The Sultan is to the right, shaking the hand of the sheykh, with Ayaz standing behind him. ... Nadir Shahâ€™s portrait from the collection of Smithsonian Institute Nadir Shah (Persian: Ù†Ø§Ø¯Ø± Ø´Ø§Ù‡) (Nadir Qoli Beg (Persian: Ù†Ø§Ø¯Ø± Ù‚Ù„ÛŒ Ø¨ÛŒÚ¯), also Tahmasp-Qoli Khan (Persian: ØªÙ‡Ù…Ø§Ø³Ù¾ Ù‚Ù„ÛŒ Ø®Ø§Ù†) also Nadir Shah Afshar (Persian: Ù†Ø§Ø¯Ø± Ø´Ø§Ù‡ Ø§ÙØ´Ø§Ø±) ) (October 22, 1688 - June 19, 1747) ruled as Shah of Iran (1736â€“47) and was the founder of the short-lived Turkic Afsharid... Ahmad Shah AbdÄlÄ« (c. ...

Jat People Kingdoms in Medieval India

The Jat people of India had numerous kingdoms during medieval to modern times. ...

The Jat People Uprising of 1669

The Jat uprising of 1669 under Gokula in region around Mathura occurred at a time when the Mughal government was by no means weak or imbecile.^[86] In fact this period of Aurangzeb’s reign witnessed the climax of the Mughal Empire.^[87]^[88] during the early medieval period frequent breakdown of law and order often induced the Jat people to adopt a refractory course.^[89] But, with the establishment of the Mughal rule, law and order was effectively established and we do not come across any major Jat revolt during the century and a half proceeding the reign of Aurangzeb.^[90] Gokula, Leader of Jat Uprising of 1669 Paradoxical though it might appear and strange though it might seem, the Jat uprising of 1669 in India under the leader Gokula occurred at a time when the Mughal government was by no means weak or imbecile. ... // The early life Gokula or Gokul Singh was a Jat chieftain of village Sinsini near Mathura in Uttar Pradesh, India. ... The Mughal Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the word Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. ...

Historians have generally ascribed the said Jat people rebellion to Aurangzab’s religious discrimination and the oppression of local officers.^[91]^[92]^[93] These, however seem to have been the contributory causes but neither the sole nor the dominant factors which precipitated the revolt. The real cause of the Jat rebellion of 1669 lay deeper than have been assigned to it so far.^[94]

The Jat people rebellion of 1669 was essentially the result of the political provocation aggravated by the economic discontent and set ablaze by the religious persecution.^[95]

Once their combined efforts proved fruitful under later leaders and bright future prospects appeared ahead. Their circumstantial union assumed a little fixed character. Consideration of common benefit might also have been instrumental in leading the tribal and democratic Jats to prefer, accept and finally adopt the institution of kingship. To such circumstances may be traced the genesis of the Jat state of Bharatpur and the eventual emergence of the principalities of Patiala, Nabha and Jind which were the Jat republicans until India's independence.^[96].Besides,no less mention needs be made of the Empire built at Lahore which got annihilated by the britishers after the second sikh war as also some other smaller dominions. , Patiala (Punjabi: à¨ªà¨Ÿà¨¿à¨†à¨²à¨¾) is a city in the Punjab state of India. ... Nabha is a city in north-western India and lies to the south-east of the state of Punjab in Patiala District. ... , Jind (Hindi: à¤œà¥€à¤‚à¤¦) is a town in Jind District, Haryana state, India. ...

The rise of Jat people power

The rise of Jat people power has always taken place against tyranny, injustice, economic and social exploitations and was never overawed by claims of racial or tribal superiority. They have always stood in ancient as well as medieval times like rock in the face of invaders seeking to ravage the motherland. Whenever the occasion arose they beat their ploughshares into swords and taking advantage of decrepit political structure, they laid the foundations of political power under several tribal chiefs.^[97] Raja Ram (c. ...

They have shown in all times – whether against Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni, or against Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali – the same propensity to fall upon the rear of a retreating army undeterred by the heaviest odds, or the terror-inspiring fame of great conquerors. When encountered they showed the same obstinate and steady courage unmindful of the carnage on the field or of the miseries that were in store for them after defeat.^[98] Mahmud and Ayaz The Sultan is to the right, shaking the hand of the sheykh, with Ayaz standing behind him. ... Nadir Shahâ€™s portrait from the collection of Smithsonian Institute Nadir Shah (Persian: Ù†Ø§Ø¯Ø± Ø´Ø§Ù‡) (Nadir Qoli Beg (Persian: Ù†Ø§Ø¯Ø± Ù‚Ù„ÛŒ Ø¨ÛŒÚ¯), also Tahmasp-Qoli Khan (Persian: ØªÙ‡Ù…Ø§Ø³Ù¾ Ù‚Ù„ÛŒ Ø®Ø§Ù†) also Nadir Shah Afshar (Persian: Ù†Ø§Ø¯Ø± Ø´Ø§Ù‡ Ø§ÙØ´Ø§Ø±) ) (October 22, 1688 - June 19, 1747) ruled as Shah of Iran (1736â€“47) and was the founder of the short-lived Turkic Afsharid... Ahmad Shah AbdÄlÄ« (c. ...

In 1669 this race of warrior-agriculturists, the Jat people, rose against the narrow and over-centralised despotic regime of Aurangzeb. The Jat power under the leadership of Churaman took a big leap forward during the rule of the successors of Aurangzeb.^[99] Aurangzeb (Persian: (full title Al-Sultan al-Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Abdul Muzaffar Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Bahadur Alamgir I, Padshah Ghazi) (November 3, 1618 â€“ March 3, 1707), also known by his chosen Imperial title Alamgir I (Conqueror of the Universe) (Persian: ), was the ruler of the Mughal Empire from... Churaman (1695 â€“ 1721) was Zamindar of Sinsini and the real founder of Jat state of Bharatpur in Rajasthan, India. ...

Gohad

According to the Rajputana Gazetteer, the Jagir of village Bamrauli near Agra, was transferred to the Chauhan and Kachwaha Rajputs of Bairath (near Alwar), during the rule of the Tomar Rajputs in Delhi in the 11th century. During Firuz Shah Tughluq's regime, his satrap in Agra, Muneer Mohammad, forced the Jat people of Bamrauli to leave the village in 1367. The Bamraulia Jat people moved to the region of Gwalior beyond the Chambal river. Gohad is a town of historical importance of Bhind district in Madhya Pradesh in India. ... Image File history File links Maharaja_Bhim_Singh_Rana. ... Image File history File links Maharaja_Bhim_Singh_Rana. ... A Jagir is a small territory granted by a ruler to an army chieftain (called a sardar in Marathi language) in recognition of his military service. ... For other uses, see Agra (disambiguation). ... Alwar is famous for its scenic landscape Alwar is a city in the Rajasthan state of western India. ... District or region SantarÃ©m Mayor - Party AntÃ³nio Paiva PSD Area 351. ... , For other uses, see Delhi (disambiguation). ... Firuz Shah Tughlaq (also known as Firoz Shah Tughluq) was a Muslim ruler of the Tughlaq Dynasty (1351 - 1388). ... Look up satrap in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

According to Cunningham and William Cook, the Bamraulia Jat people founded the city of Gohad near Gwalior in 1505. Later it developed into an important Jat State that continued till Indian Independence. The Jat rulers of Gohad were awarded the title of Rana. Cunningham may refer to: Cunninghame - a district of Scotland Cunningham (sailing) - a device to adjust the sail shape on yachts, named after its inventor Briggs S. Cunningham II Cunningham - high-performance prototype automobiles built as racecars by Briggs S. Cunningham II and competing in motorsports during the 1950s; the first... William Cook (1932-) is the founder of medical equipment manufacturer Cook Group. ... Gohad is a town of historical importance of Bhind district in Madhya Pradesh in India. ... Look up rana, Rana in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Singhan Deo was the first Jat ruler of the state of Gohad. The chronology of Jat rulers of Gohad has 17 names: Singhan Deo I, Singhan Deo II, Devi Singh, Udyaut Singh, Rana Anup Singh, Sambhu Singh, Abhay Chander, Ratan Singh, Uday Singh, Bagh Raj, Gaj Singh, Jaswant, Bhim Singh, Girdhar Pratap Singh, Chhatar Singh, Kirat Singh. Maharaja Bhim Singh Rana (1707-1756) was the most powerful ruler of princely state Gohad in northwestern Madhya Pradesh, India. ... Girdhar Pratap Singh Rana was the ruler of Gohad Jat state in Madhya Pradesh, India. ... Maharaja Chhatar Singh Rana was the ruler of Gohad Jat state in Madhya Pradesh, India. ... Rana Kirat Singh Kirat Singh Rana or Rana Kirat Singh was the last Jat ruler of Gohad state (1803 - 1805) in Madhya Pradesh, India. ...

The British Government concluded a treaty with Jat people and with their help defeated Marathas and won back Gwalior and Gohad from them. The British kept Gwalior with them and handed over Gohad to Jats in 1804.^[100] The MarÄthÄs (Marathi: , also Mahrattas) form an Indo Aryan group of Hindu warriors and peasants hailing mostly from the present-day state of Maharashtra, who created a the expansive Maratha Empire, covering a major part of India, in the late 17th and 18th centuries. ... , Gwalior is a city in Madhya Pradesh in India. ... Gohad is a town of historical importance of Bhind district in Madhya Pradesh in India. ...

Gohad was handed over to Marathas under a revised treaty dated 22 November 1805 between Marathas and Britishers. Under this treaty Gohad ruler Rana Kirat Singh was given Dhaulpur, Badi and Rajakheda in exchange with Gohad. Rana Kirat Singh moved to Dhaulpur in December 1805.^[101] Sindhias could take over Gohad on 27 February 1806 with the help of Britishers. Thus the Rana Jat rulers of Bamraulia gotra ruled Gohad for 300 years from 1505–1805. ^[102] is the 326th day of the year (327th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Thomas Jefferson. ... Rana Kirat Singh Kirat Singh Rana or Rana Kirat Singh was the last Jat ruler of Gohad state (1803 - 1805) in Madhya Pradesh, India. ... Dholpur (also Dhaulpur) is a city in eastern Rajasthan state of India. ... Rana Kirat Singh Kirat Singh Rana or Rana Kirat Singh was the last Jat ruler of Gohad state (1803 - 1805) in Madhya Pradesh, India. ... Dholpur (also Dhaulpur) is a city in eastern Rajasthan state of India. ... is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1806 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Look up rana, Rana in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Jat people (IAST: , Hindi: , Punjabi: , Urdu: â€Ž) of Northern India and Pakistan, are descendants of Indo-Aryan/Indo-Scythian tribes. ... Bamraulia is a clan or gotra of Jats found in Rajasthan, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh in India. ... A gotra is the lineage or clan assigned to a Hindu at birth. ...

Dholpur

The present town of Dholpur, which dates from the 16th century, stands somewhat to the north of the site of the older town built in the 11th century by Raja Dholan (or Dhawal) Deo, a Tomara Rajput chieftain; it was named as Dholdera or Dhawalpuri after him.Modern research says in 10 th century Jat people took over the control of Dhaulpur. Before Jat people the Yadav were ruler in buddha time. After that Tomer of Gwaliar Win Dhaulpur but Jat people remain there Emperor. Dholpur (also Dhaulpur) is a city in eastern Rajasthan state of India. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (925x961, 349 KB) Self created image of Rana Udaybhanu Singh I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (925x961, 349 KB) Self created image of Rana Udaybhanu Singh I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ...

In 1450, Dholpur had a Raja of its own. However, the fort was taken by Sikander Lodi in 1501 and transferred to a Muslim governor in 1504. In 1527, after strenuous resistance, the fort fell to Babur and came under the sway of the Mughals along with the surrounding country. It was assigned by Emperor Akbar to the province of Agra. A fortified sarai built during the reign of Akbar still stands in the town, within which is the fine tomb of Sadik Mohammed Khan, one of his generals. Sikandar Lodhi (born Nizam Khan, died November 21, 1517) was the second ruler of the Lodhi Dynasty. ... ZÄhir ud-DÄ«n Mohammad, commonly known as BÄbur (February 14, 1483 â€“ December 26, 1530) (Chaghatay/Persian: ; also spelled ), was a Muslim Emperor from Central Asia who founded the Mughal dynasty of India. ... The Mughal Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the word Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Sarai can refer to: The Biblical figure Sarah. ...

During the dissensions which followed the death of emperor Aurangzeb in 1707, Raja Kalyan Singh Bhadauria obtained possession of Dholpur. His family retained it until 1761, after which it was taken successively by the Jat Maharaja Suraj Mal of Bharatpur; by Mirza Najaf Khan in 1775; by the Scindia ruler of Gwalior in 1782; and finally, by the British East India Company in 1803. It was restored by the British to the Scindias under the "Treaty of Sarji Anjangaon", but in consequence of new arrangements, was again occupied by the British. Finally, in 1806, the territories of Dholpur, Ban and Rajakhera were handed over to Kirat Singh of Gohad, in exchange for his own state of Gohad, which was ceded to the Scindias. Aurangzeb (Persian: (full title Al-Sultan al-Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Abdul Muzaffar Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Bahadur Alamgir I, Padshah Ghazi) (November 3, 1618 â€“ March 3, 1707), also known by his chosen Imperial title Alamgir I (Conqueror of the Universe) (Persian: ), was the ruler of the Mughal Empire from... Maharaja Suraj Mal (1707-1763) was ruler of Bharatpur in Rajasthan in India. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Scindia Family of India. ... The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as John Company, was the first joint-stock company (the Dutch East India Company was the first to issue public stock). ...

From this point begins the history of the princely state of Dholpur, a vassal of the British during the Raj. After Independence, it was incorporated into the newly-formed state of Rajasthan. Anthem God Save The King The British Indian Empire, 1909 Capital Calcutta (1858 - 1912) New Delhi (1912 - 1947) Language(s) Hindustani, English and many others Government Monarchy Emperor of India - 1858-1901 VictoriaÂ¹ - 1901-1910 Edward VII - 1910-1936 George V - 1936 Edward VIII - 1936-1947 George VI ViceroyÂ² - 1858... , RÄjasthÄn (DevanÄgarÄ«: à¤°à¤¾à¤œà¤¸à¥à¤¥à¤¾à¤¨, IPA: ) is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area. ...

Bharatpur

In the disorder following Aurangzeb's death in 1707, Jat people resistance resumed, organized under the leadership of Churaman (1695–1721). The Jat people power under the leadership of Churaman took a big leap forward during the rule of the imbecile successor of Aurangzeb. Aurangzeb left behind a host of serious problems for his weak successors to deal with people highly agitated like Jat people. ^[103] Churaman's nephew, Badan Singh (1722–1756), established a kingdom centered at Deeg, from which he extended his rule over Agra and Mathura. , Bharatpur (Hindi:à¤à¤°à¤¤à¤ªà¥à¤°) is a city in the Indian state of Rajasthan. ... Maharaja Suraj Mal (1707-1763) was ruler of Bharatpur in Rajasthan in India. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1157x1677, 404 KB)Maharaja Surajmal of Bharatpur State in India This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1157x1677, 404 KB)Maharaja Surajmal of Bharatpur State in India This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years... Maharaja Suraj Mal (1707-1763) was ruler of Bharatpur in Rajasthan in India. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 419 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (620 Ã— 886 pixel, file size: 77 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Image created by LRBurdak File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Jat people... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 419 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (620 Ã— 886 pixel, file size: 77 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Image created by LRBurdak File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Jat people... Churaman (1695 â€“ 1721) was Zamindar of Sinsini and the real founder of Jat state of Bharatpur in Rajasthan, India. ... Churaman (1695 â€“ 1721) was Zamindar of Sinsini and the real founder of Jat state of Bharatpur in Rajasthan, India. ... Aurangzeb (Persian: (full title Al-Sultan al-Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Abdul Muzaffar Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Bahadur Alamgir I, Padshah Ghazi) (November 3, 1618 â€“ March 3, 1707), also known by his chosen Imperial title Alamgir I (Conqueror of the Universe) (Persian: ), was the ruler of the Mughal Empire from... Badan Singh (1722 â€“ 1756) was the formal founder of the princely state of Bharatpur. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

Badan Singh's eldest son and successor was Maharaja Suraj Mal (1707–1763) . Suraj Mal, described as the "Jat Plato" and the "Jat Ulysses", extended his kingdom to include Agra, Mathura, Dholpur, Mainpuri, Hathras, Aligarh, Etawah, Meerut, Rohtak including Bhiwani, Farrukhnagar, Mewat, Rewari and Gurgaon. He was described as the greatest warrior and the ablest statesman that the Jat people had ever produced. The author of Siyar says, Suraj Mal had in his stable twelve thousand horses, mounted by so many picked man, amongst whom on horseback and then wheeling round in order to load under shelter, and these men had by continual and daily practice become so expeditious and so dangerous marksmen, and withal so expert in their evolutions, that there were no troops in India and could pretend to face them in the field. Nor was it thought possible to wage war against such a prince with any prospect of advantage. ^[104], ^[105] Badan Singh (1722 â€“ 1756) was the formal founder of the princely state of Bharatpur. ... Maharaja Suraj Mal (1707-1763) was ruler of Bharatpur in Rajasthan in India. ... For other uses, see Plato (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Odysseus (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Agra (disambiguation). ... , Mathura (Hindi: à¤®à¤¥à¥à¤°à¤¾, Urdu: Ù…ØªÚ¾Ø±Ø§) is a holy city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Dholpur (also Dhaulpur) is a city in eastern Rajasthan state of India. ... Mainpuri Town, the administrative headquarters of the Mainpuri District, is situated to the north-east of Agra, in Uttar Pradesh. ... Hathras Hathras district is a new district made recently by taking some part of Aligarh, Mathura and Agra districts. ... , Aligarh (Hindi: à¤…à¤²à¥€à¤—à¤¢à¤¼, Urdu: Ø¹Ù„ÛŒ Ú¯Ú‘Ú¾) is a city in Aligarh District in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Etawah is a city on the Yamuna River in the Uttar_Pradesh state of India. ... , Meerut (Hindi: à¤®à¥‡à¤°à¤ , Urdu: Ù…ÛŒØ±Ù¹Ú¾) IPA: is a city and a municipal corporation in Meerut district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Farrukhnagar is a town in Gurgaon district in the state of Haryana, India. ... Mewat is a region of Rajasthan and Haryana states in northwestern India. ... , Rewari (Hindi: à¤°à¥‡à¤µà¤¾à¤¡à¥€à¤¼) is a city and a municipal council in Rewari District in the Indian state of Haryana. ... , Gurgaon (Hindi: à¤—à¥à¤¡à¤¼à¤—à¤¾à¤‚à¤µ) is a city in the northern Indian state of Haryana, and has a population of about 249,000 according to the 2001 national census [2]. Gurgaon is one of Delhis four major satellite cities and is therefore considered to be a part of the National Capital Region...

Suraj Mal moved the capital from Deeg to Bharatpur after 1733. Rustam, a Jat king of the Sogariya clan, had laid the foundation of the modern city of Bharatpur. After him, control passed to his son, Khemkaran and then to Suraj Mal. Khemkaran was a warrior. He was awarded with the title "Faujdar", which is still used by all Sogariyas. The beautiful palace and gardens at Deeg and the Bharatpur fort, both built by Suraj Mal, symbolised the coming of age of the Jat state. Suraj Mal died on 25 December, 1763. Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Rostam (رستم Rostæm in Persian) is a mythical warrior of ancient Persia, son of Zal and Rudabe. ... Destroyed Pakistani tanks arranged at Patton Nagar Khemkaran is a section/Village under District Tarn Taran (earlier district Amritsar) of Punjab India bordering Pakistan(with nearest village being Kasur). ... Faujdar was a title awarded by Muslim rulers to people who had responsibility of protecting some territory. ...

The chronology of Sinsinwar Jat clan rulers of Bharatpur is as under: Sinsinwar is a gotra of Jats found in Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh in India. ...

Gokula (? - 1670], Raja Ram (1670 - 1688), Churaman (1695 - 1721), Badan Singh (1722 - 1756), Maharaja Suraj Mal (1756 - 1767), Maharaja Jawahar Singh (1767 - 1768), Maharaja Ratan Singh (1768 - 1769), Maharaja Kehri Singh (1769 - 1771), Maharaja Nawal Singh (1771 - 1776), Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1776 - 1805), Maharaja Randhir Singh (1805 - 1823), Maharaja Baldeo Singh (1823 - 1825), Maharaja Balwant Singh (1825 - 1853), Maharaja Jashwant Singh (1853 - 1893), Maharaja Ram Singh (1893 - 1900) (Exiled), Maharani Girraj Kaur (1900-1918) (regent), Maharaja Kishan Singh (1900 - 1929), Maharaja Brijendra Singh (1929-1947) (Joined the Indian Union) // The early life Gokula or Gokul Singh was a Jat chieftain of village Sinsini near Mathura in Uttar Pradesh, India. ... Raja Ram (1670 â€“ 1688) was a Jat leader and organizer of rebellion for freedom against Aurangzeb. ... Churaman (1695 â€“ 1721) was Zamindar of Sinsini and the real founder of Jat state of Bharatpur in Rajasthan, India. ... Badan Singh (1722 â€“ 1756) was the formal founder of the princely state of Bharatpur. ... Maharaja Suraj Mal (1707-1763) was ruler of Bharatpur in Rajasthan in India. ... Maharaja Jawahar Singh (1767-1768) (Hindi: à¤®à¤¹à¤¾à¤°à¤¾à¤œà¤¾ à¤œà¤µà¤¾à¤¹à¤° à¤¸à¤¿à¤‚à¤¹) was ruler of Bharatpur state . ... Maharaja Ratan Singh was the ruler of princely state of Bharatpur (1768-1769). ... Maharaja Kehri Singh was the ruler of princely state of Bharatpur (1769-1771). ... Maharaja Nawal Singh was the ruler of princely state Bharatpur (1771 - 1776). ... Maharaja Ranjit Singh was the ruler of princely state Bharatpur (1776 - 1805) and successor of Maharaja Nawal Singh. ... Maharaja Randhir Singh (1805 - 1823) was the ruler of princely state Bharatpur and successor of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. ... Maharaja Baldeo Singh was the ruler of princely state Bharatpur (1823 - 1825) and successor of Maharaja Randhir Singh after his death in 1823. ... Maharaja Balwant Singh (1820 - 1853) was the ruler of princely state Bharatpur (1825 - 1853) and successor of Maharaja Baldeo Singh. ... The young Maharaja of Bharatpur Jaswunt Singh, aged about eleven, in his durbar or court in 1862. ... Maharaja Ram Singh (born, 1873 â€“ death, 1929) was the ruler of princely state Bharatpur (1893 - 1900) and successor of Maharaja Jashwant Singh. ... Maharani Girraj Kaur was the ruler of princely state Bharatpur (1900 - 1918) and successor of Maharaja Ram Singh, whose ruling powers were suspended on 10th August 1900 after the murder of one of his personal servants. ... Maharaja Kishan Singh (born, 1899 â€“ death, 1929) was the ruler of princely state Bharatpur (1918 - 1929) and successor of Maharani Girraj Kaur. ... Maharaja Brijendra Singh (born 1918 â€“ death 1995) was the ruler of princely state Bharatpur (1929â€“1947) and successor of Maharaja Kishan Singh. ...

During the Raj, the state covered an area of 5,123 sq.km. Its rulers enjoyed a salute of 17 guns. The state acceded unto the dominion of India in 1947. It was merged with three nearby princely states to form the 'Matsya Union', which in turn was merged with other adjoining territories to create the present-day state of Rajasthan. In many Indian languages, Raj literally means Prince or Royalty though is often used to mean something more like the English term of empire and as such is often used in reference to the Mughal Raj and the British Raj: the period of direct colonial rule of India by the... Anthem God Save The King Capital New Delhi Language(s) Hindustani, English and many others Government Monarchy King of India George VI Governor-General - 1947-48 The Earl Mountbatten of Burma - 1948-50 C. Rajagopalachari Prime Minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru Historical era Cold War - Independence August 15, 1947 - Indo...

Kuchesar

In the mid-eighteenth century the Dalal Jat people of Mandoti, Haryana, built the mud fort of Kuchesar in Uttar Pradesh.Mud fort of kuchesar famous for tourism now a days. Categories: Possible copyright violations ... Dalal is clan or gotra of Jats found in Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi. ... For the town in Hoshiarpur district, see Hariana. ... Categories: Possible copyright violations ...

Ballabhgarh

The founders of the princely state of Ballabhgarh were Tewatia Jat people, who had come from village Janauli, which is more than 2000 years old. The Tevatia Jat Sardar Gopal Singh left Janauli in 1705 (in Palwal) and got settled at Sihi, a village of Tewatia Jat people in Ballabgarh at a distance of about 5 km from Ballabhgarh. Charan Das's son, Balram Singh, rose to a powerful king in this dynasty. Princely state of Ballabgarh is after his name. He was brother in law of Maharaja Suraj Mal and mama of Jawahar Singh. Raja Nahar Singh (1823–1858) was a notable King of this princely state. The forefathers of Jat Raja Nahar Singh had built a fort here around 1739 AD. The small kingdom of Ballabhgarh is only 20 miles from Delhi. The name of the Jat Raja Nahar Singh will always be highly regarded among those who martyred themselves in the 1857 war of independence. Ballabhgarh is a town in Faridabad District of Haryana, India. ... Ballabhgarh is a town in Faridabad District of Haryana, India. ... Tewatia, Tewathia, Tebatiya, Tevatia or Teotia is clan or gotra found in Jats of Haryana, Rajasthan, Western Uttar Pradesh and Delhi in India. ... Tewatia, Tewathia, Tebatiya, Tevatia or Teotia is clan or gotra found in Jats of Haryana, Rajasthan, Western Uttar Pradesh and Delhi in India. ... , Palwal is a city and a municipal council in Faridabad district in the Indian state of Haryana. ... Maharaja Suraj Mal (1707-1763) was ruler of Bharatpur in Rajasthan in India. ... Jawahar Singh was ruler of Bharatpur state . ... Raja Nahar Singh (1823 â€“ 1858) was a King of princely state Ballabhgarh in Faridabad District of Haryana, India. ...

Patiala

Patiala was a state of Siddhu Jats ancestry in Punjab.^[106]^[107] Its area was 5932 sq. mile and annual income Rs 1,63,00,000/-. The rulers of the erstwhile states of Patiala, Nabha and Jind trace their ancestry to Jat sardar Phul of Siddhu ancestry.^[108] Apparently the appellation of dynasty "Phulkian" is derived from their common founder. One of sons of Phul, Ram Singh had son Ala Singh, who assumed the leadership in 1714 when Banda Bahadur was engaged in the fierce battle against the Mughals. Ala Singh carved out an independent principality from a petty Zamindari of 30 villages. Under his successors, it expanded into a large state, touching the Shivaliks in north, Rajasthan in the south and upper courses of the Yamuna and Sutlej rivers while confronting the most trying and challenging circumstances. Maharaja Bhupinder Singh (born 12 October, 1891 in Patiala - died 23 March 1938 in Patiala) was maharaja of the princely state of Patiala from 1900 to 1938. ... , Patiala (Punjabi: à¨ªà¨Ÿà¨¿à¨†à¨²à¨¾) is a city in the Punjab state of India. ... , Patiala (Punjabi: à¨ªà¨Ÿà¨¿à¨†à¨²à¨¾) is a city in the Punjab state of India. ... Common nickname to people with there first names as Siddarth. ... This article is about the geographical region. ... Nabha is a city in north-western India and lies to the south-east of the state of Punjab in Patiala District. ... , Jind (Hindi: à¤œà¥€à¤‚à¤¦) is a town in Jind District, Haryana state, India. ...

Nabha

Nabha was a state of Siddhu Jats.^[109]^[107] founded by grandson of Chaudhary Phul Singh. Chaudhary Phul Singh had six sons namely, 1.Tiloka 2.Ram Singh 3.Rudh 4.Chunu 5. Jhandu and 6.Takhtmal. Annual income of Nabha state was Rs 1,50,000/-.^[110] Phul, was Chaudhri (Governor) of a country located at the south east of Dihli. Phul’s descendants founded 3 States: Patiala, Jind and Nabha. Nabha was founded by the great-grandson of Phul in 1755.^[111] Nabha is a city in north-western India and lies to the south-east of the state of Punjab in Patiala District. ... Nabha is a city in north-western India and lies to the south-east of the state of Punjab in Patiala District. ... Common nickname to people with there first names as Siddarth. ... , Patiala (Punjabi: à¨ªà¨Ÿà¨¿à¨†à¨²à¨¾) is a city in the Punjab state of India. ... , Jind (Hindi: à¤œà¥€à¤‚à¤¦) is a town in Jind District, Haryana state, India. ... Nabha is a city in north-western India and lies to the south-east of the state of Punjab in Patiala District. ...

Jind

Jind state in Haryana was founded by descendants of Phul Jat of Siddhu ancestry.^[112]^[107] Jind was a state of Siddhu Jats founded by grandson of Chaudhary Phul Singh. Chaudhary Phul Singh had six sons namely, 1.Tiloka 2.Ram Singh 3.Rudh 4.Chunu 5. Jhandu and 6.Takhtmal. Tiloka had two sons namely, 1. Gurudutta 2. Sukh Chain. Sukh Chain's descendants ruled Jind state and Gurudatta's descendants ruled Nabha state.Area of the state was 1259 sq mile and annual income of Jind state was Rs 30,00,000/-.^[113] According to another version stating descent from Jaisal, founder of the State of Jaisalmer in 1156, the founder of this Sikh dynasty, Phul, was Chaudhri (Governor) of a country located at the south east of Dihli. Phul’s descendants founded 3 States: Patiala, Jind and Nabha. , Jind (Hindi: à¤œà¥€à¤‚à¤¦) is a town in Jind District, Haryana state, India. ... , Jind (Hindi: à¤œà¥€à¤‚à¤¦) is a town in Jind District, Haryana state, India. ... Common nickname to people with there first names as Siddarth. ... Common nickname to people with there first names as Siddarth. ... , Jind (Hindi: à¤œà¥€à¤‚à¤¦) is a town in Jind District, Haryana state, India. ... Nabha is a city in north-western India and lies to the south-east of the state of Punjab in Patiala District. ...

By the nineteenth century, Jat people ruled the states of Bharatpur, Dholpur, Gohad, Kuchesar, Ballabhgarh, Patiala, Nabha , Jind and Lahore. The Jats established a reputation of being determined and sturdy. Dholpur (also Dhaulpur) is a city in eastern Rajasthan state of India. ... Gohad is a town of historical importance of Bhind district in Madhya Pradesh in India. ... Categories: Possible copyright violations ... Ballabhgarh is a town in Faridabad District of Haryana, India. ... , Patiala (Punjabi: à¨ªà¨Ÿà¨¿à¨†à¨²à¨¾) is a city in the Punjab state of India. ... Nabha is a city in north-western India and lies to the south-east of the state of Punjab in Patiala District. ... , Jind (Hindi: à¤œà¥€à¤‚à¤¦) is a town in Jind District, Haryana state, India. ...

Mursan

Mursan state of Thenua Jats was located in the Hathras (Mahamaya Nagar) district in Uttar Pradesh. The most well-known ruler of this estate was the Jat nobleman, Raja Mahendra Pratap (1886–1979), who was popularly known as Aryan Peshwa. The third son of Raja Ghansyam Singh, he was adopted by Raja Harnarayan Singh of Hathras. Mursan was a princely state in Aligarh Janpad of Uttar Pradesh. ... Thenua is a clan or gotra of jats found in Uttar Pradesh in India. ... Hathras Hathras district is a new district made recently by taking some part of Aligarh, Mathura and Agra districts. ... , Uttar Pradesh (Hindi: , Urdu: , IPA: , translation: Northern Province), [often referred to as U.P.], located in central-south Asia and northern India, is the most populous and fifth largest state in the Republic of India. ... The Jat people (IAST: , Hindi: , Punjabi: , Urdu: â€Ž) of Northern India and Pakistan, are descendants of Indo-Aryan/Indo-Scythian tribes. ... Raja Mahendra Pratap (1886-1979) was a freedom fighter, journalist, writer and revolutionary social reformist of India. ... The Maratha Empire at its peak in 1760 The Peshwa(Marathi:à¤ªà¥‡à¤¶à¤µà¥‡ or à¤ªà¥‡à¤¶à¤µà¤¾) (also known in Marathi as Peshwe) were Brahmin Prime Ministers to the Maratha Chattrapatis (Kings), who began commanding Maratha armies and later became the hereditary rulers of the Maratha empire of central India from 1749 to 1818. ... Hathras Hathras district is a new district made recently by taking some part of Aligarh, Mathura and Agra districts. ...

Mahendra Pratap married a lady from a Jat Sikh family based in the princely state of Jind in Haryana. A princely state is any state under the reign of a prince and is thus a principality taken in the broad sense. ... , Jind (Hindi: à¤œà¥€à¤‚à¤¦) is a town in Jind District, Haryana state, India. ... For the town in Hoshiarpur district, see Hariana. ...

Maharaja Ranjit Singh

Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780–1839) was from Sandhawalia^[114] Jat clan of Punjab and became the Sikh emperor of the sovereign country of Punjab and the Sikh Empire.Without any doubt he was the most powerful ruler of northern India during his times who was held in great awe and reverence by all the other kingdoms including those of Rajputana. Ranjit Singh's father Maha Singh was the commander of the Sukerchakia misl and controlled a territory in west Punjab based around his headquarters at Gujranwala. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Not to be confused with Ranjitsinhji (1872-1933), cricketer and Maharaja of Nawanagar. ... Sansi (Sandhawalia) is a very small Jat tribe (or gotra) originally from Rajasthan and now living in Punjab. ... Religions Sikhism Scriptures Guru Granth Sahib Languages English, Punjabi] A Sikh (English: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ) is an adherent to Sikhism. ... An emperorrefers to Nick Herringshaw, a title, empress may only indicate the wife of an emperor (empress consort. ... â€œSovereignâ€ redirects here. ... This article is about the geographical region. ... The Sikh Empire (from 1801-1849) was formed on the foundations of the Sikh Confederacy by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. ... He was a Punjabi Sikh chief part of the Sikh Confederacy. ... The Sukerchakia Misl was one of 11 Sikh Misls in Punjab during the 18th century. ... Gujranwala (Urdu: Ú¯ÙˆØ¬Ø±Ø§Ù†ÙˆØ§Ù„Û) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan with a city population of 1,132,509 (1998 census). ...

Ranjit Singh succeeded his father at the young age of 12. After several campaigns, his rivals accepted him as their leader, and he united the Sikh factions into one state. He conquered vast tracts of territory on all sides of his kingdom. From the capture of Lahore in 1799, he rapidly annexed the rest of the Punjab and became undisputed ruler of northern India and the land of the five rivers. And even then, to secure his empire, he invaded Afghanistan, and severely defeated the Pathan militias and tribes. Ranjit Singh took the title of Maharaja on April 12, 1801 (to coincide with Baisakhi day). Lahore served as his capital from 1799. In 1802 he took the city of Amritsar. In the year 1802, Ranjit Singh successfully invaded Kashmir. (Urdu: Ù„Ø§ÛÙˆØ±, Punjabi: Ù„ÛÙˆØ±, pronounced ) is the capital of the Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. ... is the 102nd day of the year (103rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Union Jack, flag of the newly formed United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... Traditional fervour and gaiety mark the celebrations of Baisakhi, which stands for the dawn of a new year in north India. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Kashmir (or Cashmere) may refer to: Kashmir region, the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent India, Kashmir conflict, the territorial dispute between India, Pakistan, and the China over the Kashmir region. ...

Other states

, Gwalior is a city in Madhya Pradesh in India. ... Maharaja Bhim Singh Rana (1707-1756) was the most powerful ruler of princely state Gohad in northwestern Madhya Pradesh, India. ... Maharaja Chhatar Singh Rana was the ruler of Gohad Jat state in Madhya Pradesh, India. ... For other uses, see Agra (disambiguation). ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1761 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Maharaja Jawahar Singh (1767-1768) (Hindi: à¤®à¤¹à¤¾à¤°à¤¾à¤œà¤¾ à¤œà¤µà¤¾à¤¹à¤° à¤¸à¤¿à¤‚à¤¹) was ruler of Bharatpur state . ... Maharaja Ratan Singh was the ruler of princely state of Bharatpur (1768-1769). ... Maharaja Kehri Singh was the ruler of princely state of Bharatpur (1769-1771). ... Maharaja Nawal Singh was the ruler of princely state Bharatpur (1771 - 1776). ... This article includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... View of a typical Haveli at Jaisalmer, Rajasthan Haveli (à¤¹à¤µà¥‡à¤²à¥€)is the term used for a private residence in Pakistan and North India. ... The Cenotaph, London Overview A cenotaph is a tomb or a monument erected in honor of a person or group of persons whose remains are elsewhere. ... Maharaja Jawahar Singh (1767-1768) (Hindi: à¤®à¤¹à¤¾à¤°à¤¾à¤œà¤¾ à¤œà¤µà¤¾à¤¹à¤° à¤¸à¤¿à¤‚à¤¹) was ruler of Bharatpur state . ...

Genetics

A recent study of the people of Indian Punjab, where about 40% or more of the population are Jats, suggest that the Jat people are similar to other populations of the Indus Valley. The study involved a genealogical DNA test which examined single nucleotide polymorphisms (mutations in a single DNA "letter") on the Y chromosome (which occurs only in males). Jats share many common haplotypes with German, Slavic, Baltic, Iranian, and Central Asian groups. It found Jat people share only two haplotypes, one of which is also shared with the population of present-day Turkey, and have few matches with neighbouring Pakistani populations.^[118] This haplotype shared between the two Jat groups may be part of an Indo-Aryan (or Indo-European) genetic contribution to these populations, where as the haplotypes shared with other Eurasian populations may be due to the contribution of Indo-European Scythians (Saka, Massagetae) or White Huns.^[119] (These groups may of course all have been branches of a larger ethnic complex). However using the same database Jat people share many haplotypes (within the R1a haplogroup) with Southern Indians. Hence it seems as far as haplogroup R1a is concerned Jat people, many Europeans and Southern Indians, but not non-Punjabi Pakistani populations, share a common recent history (based on R1a1 haplotypes). The R1a marker on it own or in its entirety is not indicative of the spread of Indo-European/Scythian populations.^[120] The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), Jat people contain haplogroups typical of North India, Pakistan, and West Asia. This indicates that for the female mtDNA, there is very little connection with Central Asian or northwest European populations, even though Jats share manyY-SNP markers with these populations. Hence this may indicate that there has been male migration in or out of the Jat population in 'historical' times. The Indus (सिन्‍धु नदी) (known as Sindhu in ancient times) is the principal river of Pakistan. ... Genealogy is the study and tracing of family pedigrees. ... Genetic fingerprinting or DNA testing is a technique to distinguish between individuals of the same species using only samples of their DNA. Its invention by Sir Alec Jeffreys at the University of Leicester was announced in 1985. ... A nucleotide is a chemical compound that consists of 3 portions: a heterocyclic base, a sugar, and one or more phosphate groups. ... In general, polymorphism describes multiple possible states for a single property (it is said to be polymorphic). ... The human Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes, it contains the genes that cause testis development, thus determining maleness. ... A haplotype is the genetic constitution of an individual chromosome. ... Distribution of Slavic people by language The Slavic peoples are a linguistic and ethnic branch of Indo-European peoples, living mainly in Europe, where they constitute roughly a third of the population. ... http://www. ... Central Asia is a region of Asia. ... The Indo-Aryan languages form a subgroup of the Indo-Iranian languages, thus belonging to the Indo-European family of languages. ... For the language group, see Indo-European languages. ... Eurasian, also Euroasian or Euro-Asian can mean: Eurasian may be used as a slang term to refer to people of Asian decent, living in European countries who have no other traits of being Asian other then the fact that they look it. ... Scythia was an area in Eurasia inhabited in ancient times by an Indo-Aryans known as the Scythians. ... A cataphract-style parade armour of a Saka royal from the Issyk kurgan. ... The Massagetae were an Iranian people[1][2][3][4] of antiquity known primarily from the writings of Herodotus. ... Many historians consider the Huns (meaning person in Mongolian language) the first Mongolian and Turkic people mentioned in European history. ... South India is a geographic and linguistic-cultural region of India. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... South India is a geographic and linguistic-cultural region of India. ... In human genetics, Haplogroup R1a1 (M17) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup, that is spread across Eurasia. ... In human genetics, Haplogroup R1a1 (M17) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup, that is spread across Eurasia. ... ... Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is DNA which is not located in the nucleus of the cell but in the mitochondria. ... Dark green region marks the approximate extent of northern India while the regions marked as light green lies within the sphere of north Indian influence. ... A map showing Southwest Asia - The term Middle East is more often used to refer to both Southwest Asia and some North African countries Southwest Asia, or West Asia, is the southwestern part of Asia. ... Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is DNA which is not located in the nucleus of the cell but in the mitochondria. ... Central Asia is a region of Asia. ...

Jat people today

Today, besides agriculture, Jat people are engaged in blue and white-collar jobs, trade and commerce. Though they continue to be a rural populace, their presence in towns and district headquarters can be noted due to migration, which undoubtedly explains their distance from agriculture and animal husbandry.^[121]

Jat people are considered a Forward class in the vast majority of states in India, with a few exceptions in a small number of areas were they are Other Backward Class (OBC)which is attributable more to political considerations than anything else. In Rajasthan, the Jat people are classified as OBC, except in Bharatpur and Dhaulpur districts.^[122] In Rajasthan the Jat people are a wealthy & rich section of society but the BJP in 1999 in order to win their votes gave them OBC for political reasons.^[123] Some specific clans of Jats are classified as OBC in some states. Eg. Muslim Jats in Gujarat^[124] and Mirdha Jat people (except Muslim Jats) in Madhya Pradesh.^[125] Land reforms, particularly the abolition of Jagirdari and Zamindari systems, Panchayati Raj and Green revolution, to which Jat people have been major contributors, have immensely contributed to the economic betterment of the Jat people. Despite this propsperity they who are mostly farming dominant ethnic people and would not normally regard them to be inferior to anyone have been demanding OBC status. Forward class is used in India to denote people from any religion who do not currently qualify for Government of India Reservation benefits (that is, set quotas for political representation) for Other Backward Classes, scheduled castes and tribes. ... The Other Backward Classes (or OBCs) in India are a group of castes officially recognized as having been traditionally subject to exclusion. ... Bharatpur District has an area of 5,066 kmÂ². It is bounded by Rewari and Gurgaon districts of Haryana on the north, Mathura and Agra districts of Uttar Pradesh on the east, and the Rajasthan districts of Dholpur on the south, Karauli on the southwest, and Dausa and Alwar on... Dholpur District is a district of Rajasthan state in western India. ... , RÄjasthÄn (DevanÄgarÄ«: à¤°à¤¾à¤œà¤¸à¥à¤¥à¤¾à¤¨, IPA: ) is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area. ... Wealth usually refers to money and property. ... Look up rich in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... BJP could mean one of Indias largest political parties, the Bharatiya Janata Party British Journal of Photography British Journal of Psychiatry British Journal of Pharmocology This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... This article is for the Indian state. ... , Madhya Pradesh (abbreviated as MP) (HindÄ«: à¤®à¤§à¥à¤¯ à¤ªà¥à¤°à¤¦à¥‡à¤¶, English: , IPA: ), often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. ... A Jagir is a small territory granted by a ruler to an army chieftain (called a sardar in Marathi language) in recognition of his military service. ... The Zamindari System is a kind of feudal system, introduced by the Mughals to collect taxes from peasants. ... The Panchayat is a South Asian political system. ... The Green Revolution was the worldwide transformation of agriculture that led to significant increases in agricultural production between the 1940s and 1960s. ... OBC is a three-letter abbreviation with multiple meanings, including: Obic Business Consultants Co. ...

Adult franchise has created enormous social and political awakening among Jat people. Consolidation of economic gains and participation in the electoral process are two visible outcomes of the post-independence situation. Through this participation they have been able to significantly influence the politics of north India .However since demise of Charan Singh and Devi Lal and rise of OBC and BSP their influence is on decline . Economic differentiation, migration and mobility could be clearly noticed amongst Jats.^[126] Charan Singh could mean Choudhary Charan Singh, the former prime minister of India or Charan Singh (guru), the late Charan Singh of Radhasoami Satsang Beas. ... Chaudhari Devi Lal Chaudhari Devi Lal (1914-2001) was an Indian politician, freedom fighter, Chief Minister of the state of Haryana and Deputy Prime Minister of India. ... OBC is a three-letter abbreviation with multiple meanings, including: Obic Business Consultants Co. ... BSP can refer to any of the following topics: // Business Server Pages â€” a SAP-Technology Bug squashing party â€” a hackathon where developers focus on correcting bugs in their software, the term is primarily used by the Debian community [1] Binary space partitioning (data structure) .BSP is usually a filename extension...

Life and culture of Jat people

The Life and culture of Jats is full of diversity and approaches most closely to that ascribed to the traditional Aryan colonists of India.^[127]^[128] The Jat lifestyle was designed to foster a martial spirit.^[129] Whenever they lost their kingdoms, Jat people retired to the country-side and became landed barons and the landlords with their swords girded round their waists.^[130] They would draw the sword out of the scabbard at the command of their panchayat to fight with the invaders. Jat people have a history of being brave and ready fighters.^[131] They are fiercely independent in character and value their self respect more than anything, which is why they offered heavy resistance against any foreign force that treated them unjustly. ^[132] They are known for their pride, bravery and readyness to sacrifice their lives in battle for their people and kinsmen.^[133] In the government of their villages, they appear much more democratic. they have less reverence for hereditary right and a preference for elected headmen.^[134] A typical Jat chaupal in a village smoking hubble-bubble (hooka) A Jat woman preparing lunch The Life and culture of Jats is full of diversity and approaches most closely to that ascribed to the traditional Aryan colonists of India. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Jat_chaupal. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Jat_chaupal. ... Man holding a narghile (hookah) A hookah is a traditional Middle Eastern or Asian device for smoking. ... The term multiculturalism generally refers to a state of both cultural and ethnic diversity within the demographics of a particular social space. ... Aryan (/eÉ™rjÉ™n/ or /É‘ËrjÉ™n/, Sanskrit: ) is a Sanskrit and Avestan word meaning noble/spiritual one. ... Marcus Valerius Martialis, known in English as Martial, was a Latin poet from Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula) best known for his twelve books of Epigrams, published in Rome between AD 86 and 103, during the reigns of the emperors Domitian, Nerva and Trajan. ... // The Panchayat (à¤ªà¤‚à¤šà¤¾à¤¯à¤¤ in Devanagiri) is an Indian political system that groups five villages in a quincunx (four peripheral villages around a central one were laid out as the 5 side of a die). ...

Food habits

In Gujarat, Rajasthan and part of Haryana Jat people are mostly non-meat eaters as a result of Arya Samaj Sect of Hinduism. Their staple food is wheat or bajra, vegetables and plenty of milk and ghee.^[135] In Punjab, the Jats usually eat meat, especially goat meat. Punjabi Jat people are also fond of saag and makki roti. However, food habits within individual families can be completely different so no major specific food habit can be given for millions of Jats. Mathura's Jat people are pure vegetarian. Their Foods are Dal, Milk Ghee, Matha, Bajri ki rootia and etc. A portion of Jats consider non-vegetarian food undesirable but many of Jats, and particularly the ones who belonged to the martial/warrior stock and defied Brahmin orthodoxy, usually took it (non-vegetarian food) quite liberally e.g. it is part of regular diet for Jat Sikhs as also segments of Warrior clan Hindu Jats now lying scattered in parts of Haryana and U.P. who formed part of erstwhile Jat royalty/aristocracy/nobility. No doubt meat consumption was essential for sustained war fare and only the purely agrarian Jats of peaceful farming habits who did not have much to do by way of taking to martial ways and adversities of wars, could remain purely Vegetarian. In some proportions it can be said that incidence of meat consumption increases directly with the influence/dominance levels exerted by a particular regional grouping of Jats during medieval /aristocratic periods e.g. It is particularly high in areas of Punjab (including modern day Haryana) where the king was a Jat and is almost non existent in areas of Rajasthan (except Bharatpur and Dholpur where Jat king was est.) whereby it may be noted that the social condition of Rajasthan (except as stated) Jats was not very high in pre-independence days. Nutrition information for one cup of cooked millet Millet is the collective name of a group of genera of the grass family(Gramineae/Paniceae) widely grown around the world for food or animal feed. ... For other uses, see Vegetable (disambiguation). ... A glass of cows milk. ... Ghee in a jar Ghee (Hindi à¤˜à¥€, Urdu Ú¯Ú¾ÛŒ, Punjabi à¨˜à©‹, Kashmiri à¤—à¥à¤¯à¤¾à¤µ/Ú¯ÛŒØ§Ùˆ - from Sanskrit à¤˜à¥ƒà¤¤ sprinkled; also known in Arabic as Ø³Ù…Ù†, samn, meaning ghee or fat) is a class of clarified butter that originates in the Indian subcontinent, and continues to be important in Indian cuisine as well as Egyptian cuisine. ...

Jat people Organizations

The Jats have always organized themselves into hundreds of patrilineage clans, Panchayat system or Khap. A clan was based on one small gotra or a number of related gotras under one elected leader whose word was law. ^[136]The big Jat clans now are so big that individual in them are only related to each other by individual that lived typically hundreds years ago. Mutual quarrels of any intensity could be settled by orders of Jat elders. In times of danger, the whole clan rallied under the banner of the leader. The Jat Khap or Panchayat "system is territorial and highly democratic. District and a number of Khaps form a 'Sarva Khap' embracing a full province or state. Negotiations with anyone were done - at 'Sarva Khap' level. Khap and Sarv Khap was a system of social administration and organization in the republics of Northwestern states like Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh in India since ancient times. ... A gotra is the lineage or clan assigned to a Hindu at birth. ... // The Panchayat (à¤ªà¤‚à¤šà¤¾à¤¯à¤¤ in Devanagiri) is an Indian political system that groups five villages in a quincunx (four peripheral villages around a central one were laid out as the 5 side of a die). ... Khap and Sarv Khap was a system of social administration and organization in the republics of Northwestern states like Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh in India since ancient times. ... For other uses, see Clan (disambiguation). ... A gotra is the lineage or clan assigned to a Hindu at birth. ... Khap and Sarv Khap was a system of social administration and organization in the republics of Northwestern states like Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh in India since ancient times. ... Khap and Sarv Khap was a system of social administration and organization in the republics of Northwestern states like Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh in India since ancient times. ... Khap and Sarv Khap was a system of social administration and organization in the republics of Northwestern states like Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh in India since ancient times. ... Khap and Sarv Khap was a system of social administration and organization in the republics of Northwestern states like Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh in India since ancient times. ...

In addition to the conventional Sarva Khap Panchayat, there are regional Jat Mahasabhas affiliated to the All India Jat Mahasabha to organize and safeguard the interests of the community, which held its meeting at regional and national levels to take stock of their activities and devise practical ways and means for the amelioration of the community.^[137] Khap (Hindi:à¤–à¤¾à¤ª, IAST: khÄpa) and Sarv Khap (à¤¸à¤°à¥à¤µ à¤–à¤¾à¤ª) was a system of social administration and organization in the republics of Northwestern states like Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh in India since ancient times. ... // The Panchayat (à¤ªà¤‚à¤šà¤¾à¤¯à¤¤ in Devanagiri) is an Indian political system that groups five villages in a quincunx (four peripheral villages around a central one were laid out as the 5 side of a die). ... Jat Mahasabha is the premier organisation of Jats in India. ... All India is a phrase used to refer the all the states/regions of India together, esp. ... Jat Mahasabha is the premier organisation of Jats in India. ...

The Association of Jats of America (AJATA) is the main Jat people organization of North America.^[138] It performs as the main body, forum and lobby for Jat people issues in North America. North American redirects here. ... North American redirects here. ...

The North American Jat Charities (NAJC) is one of the main Jat people Charities of North America. It performs as a charity for the welfare Jat people in North America.^[139] North American redirects here. ... North American redirects here. ...

Social customs of Jat people

All Jats, irrespective of their official or financial positions in life, have equal social status . Jat marriage:Toran ceremony Jat marriage:Hand prints of bride and bridegroom taken at marriage time The social customs of Jats are those of Vedic Aryans. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Toran_Marana. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Toran_Marana. ... Toran is the name in Hindustani (Skr. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1113x1469, 149 KB) Self created I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1113x1469, 149 KB) Self created I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Veer Teja (1074- 1103) was a Jat folk-deity who lived in the state of Rajasthan in India. ...

The only criterion of superiority is age. The Jat people are ethnically and culturally required to marry within their community. With the advancement of modern civilization, as people are becoming less dependent upon and more tolerant towards each other, the joint family system is going out of vogue. It is still prevalent in the less advanced areas. Central New York City. ...

Religion

Jat people are followers of many faiths. Today they follow Hinduism, Islam, and Sikhism. As per Indian caste system Jat people are classified in Hinduism as Kshatriyas. Hinduism is a religious tradition[1] that originated in the Indian subcontinent. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... Sikhism (IPA: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ), founded on the teachings of Guru Nanak Dev and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century Northern India, is the fifth-largest religion in the world. ... The Indian caste system describes the social stratification and social restrictions in the Indian subcontinent, in which social classes are defined by thousands of endogamous, hereditary groups often termed as jÄtis or castes. ... Hinduism is a religious tradition[1] that originated in the Indian subcontinent. ... For the Bollywood film of the same name see Kshatriya Kshatriya (Hindi: , from Sanskrit: , ) is one of the four varnas, or castes, in Hinduism. ...

Language

Jat people usually speak Hindi and its dialects (Rajasthani, Haryanvi, Malvi), Punjabi and its dialects, Urdu, Dogri, Sindhi or Gujarati. Sikh and Muslim Jats from the Punjab mostly speak Punjabi and its various dialects (such as Maajhi, Malwi, Doabi,Saraiki, Pothohari, and Jhangochi). (See - Haryanavi Language & Rajasthani_Language) Hindi (DevanÄgarÄ«: or , IAST: , IPA: ), an Indo-European language spoken all over India in varying degrees and extensively in northern and central India, is one of the 22 official languages of India and is used, along with English, for central government administrative purposes. ... Rajasthani (à¤°à¤¾à¤œà¤¸à¥à¤¥à¤¾à¤¨à¥€) is a language of the Indo-Aryan languages family. ... Haryanvi is a combination of dialects mainly spoken by natives in Haryana (North Indian State), Haryanvi is not classified as a language and has lots of similarities with Hindi, and has planty of Urdu words in it. ... RickK 07:03, May 22, 2005 (UTC) Categories: Possible copyright violations ... Punjabi (also Panjabi; in GurmukhÄ«, PanjÄbÄ« in ShÄhmukhÄ«) is the language of the Punjab regions of India and Pakistan. ... Urdu ( , , trans. ... Dogri is an Indic language spoken by some two million people in South Asia, chiefly in the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir but also in Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, other parts of Kashmir and elsewhere. ... Sindhis (à¤¸à¤¿à¤¨à¥à¤§à¥€, Ø³Ù†ÚŒÙŠ) are an Indo-Aryan language speaking socio-ethnic group of people originating in Sindh which is part of present day Pakistan. ... Gujarati (àª—à«àªœàª°àª¾àª¤à«€ GujÇŽrÄtÄ«; also known as Gujerati, Gujarathi, Guzratee, and Guujaratee[3]) is an Indo-Aryan language descending from Sanskrit, and part of the greater Indo-European language family. ... Religions Sikhism Scriptures Guru Granth Sahib Languages English, Punjabi] A Sikh (English: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ) is an adherent to Sikhism. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…Ø§Ù†, Turkish: MÃ¼slÃ¼man, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... Punjabi (also Panjabi; in GurmukhÄ«, PanjÄbÄ« in ShÄhmukhÄ«) is the language of the Punjab regions of India and Pakistan. ... Maajhi is referred to as the standard dialect of Punjabi language. ... Malvi is an Indo-European language with over a million speakers spoken in Malwa. ... A Doab, meaning two waters in Persian, is a term used in India and Pakistan for a tract of land between two confluent rivers. ... ... Pothohari can mean either an inhabitant of Pothohar, an area in the north of Pakistani Punjab province, or the language spoken in the region. ... Jhangochi is the oldest and most conservative dialect of the Punjabi language. ...

List of Jat People Clans

The Jat people clan names are unique in South Asia. However, some of their clan names do overlap with the Rajputs and Gujars.^[140] List of Jat Clans have been compiled by many Jat historians like Ompal Singh Tugania,^[141] Bhaleram Beniwal^[142]^[143] Dr Mahendra Singh Arya and others,^[144] Thakur Deshraj,^[145] Dilip Singh Ahlawat,^[146] Ram Swarup Joon^[147] etc. The above lists have more than 2700 Jat gotras. Thakur Deshraj, Ram Swarup Joon and Dilip Singh Ahlawat have mentioned history of some of Jat gotras. Some websites of Jats have also prepared list of Jat Gotras with details of history and distriburion.^[148] The clan names of the Jats are unique in India. ... The clan names of the Jats are unique in India. ... Thakur Deshraj (1903-1970) was a social worker, nationalist and a historian of Rajasthan in India. ... Ram Swarup Joon is a Jat historian. ...

Famous Jat people

The Jat people have produced famous personalities in all the fields of life such as Rajas, Politicians, Generals, Administrators, Actors, Freedom fighters, Reformers, Technocrats, Players, Industrialists and Businessmen. The following is a list of famous personalities belonging to the Jat/Jatt community of Northern India and Pakistan. ...

Jat people in films & popular culture

This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ... Anger can be conveyed in many different ways. ... â€œMilesâ€ redirects here. ... Look up volatile in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up Temper in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up slogan in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A fictional character is any person, persona, identity, or entity whose existence originates from a work of fiction. ... A computer game is a game composed of a computer-controlled virtual universe that players interact with in order to achieve a defined goal or set of goals. ... Maula Jatt is one of the most popular movies in the history Pakistani cinema. ... Punjab is a region in India which is musically best-known as the home of bhangra, a lively folk dance that evolved into a popular form of electronic music among Punjabi expatriates in the United Kingdom. ... Pratigya is a 1975 Indian Hindi film. ... Dharmendra Singh Deol (Hindi:à¤§à¤°à¥à¤®à¥‡à¤¨à¥à¤¦à¥à¤° à¤¸à¤¿à¤‚à¤¹ à¤¦à¥‡à¤“à¤²), born 8 December 1935 in Phagwara, Punjab), better known as Dharmendra, is a legendary Indian Bollywood film star. ... Ghulami is an 1985 Indian Hindi movie directed by J.P. Dutta . ... Dharmendra Singh Deol (Hindi:à¤§à¤°à¥à¤®à¥‡à¤¨à¥à¤¦à¥à¤° à¤¸à¤¿à¤‚à¤¹ à¤¦à¥‡à¤“à¤²), born 8 December 1935 in Phagwara, Punjab), better known as Dharmendra, is a legendary Indian Bollywood film star. ... Veer Tejaji is a Rajasthani language movie , based on the life of Tejaji, made in the 1982. ... Rajasthani (à¤°à¤¾à¤œà¤¸à¥à¤¥à¤¾à¤¨à¥€) is a language of the Indo-Aryan languages family. ... Veer Teja (1074- 1103) was a Jat folk-deity who lived in the state of Rajasthan in India. ... (10th century - 11th century - 12th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. ... Heer Ranjha (Punjabi: , ) is one of the four popular tragic romances of the Punjab. ... Sial A tribe originally from the Jhang ditrict of Punjab province Pakistan. ... The Chenab River rises in the Himalayan ranges of Kashmir and flows through the plains of the Punjab, forming the boundary between the Rechna and the Jech Doabs. ...

Photo gallery

References

^ Jat population 1988. Hukum Singh Pawar (Pauria):The Jats - Their Origin, Antiquity and Migration.1993, ISBN 81-85253-22-8
^ Professor B. S. Dhillon (1994). History and study of the Jats. Beta Publishers. ISBN 1895603021.
^ Calvin Kephart, Races of Mankind (Their Origin and Migration), Peter Owen Ltd., London, 1961
^ Hukum Singh Pawar (Pauria):The Jats - Their Origin, Antiquity and Migration. 1993, ISBN 81-85253-22-8
^ Surjit Mansingh, Historical Dictionary of India, Vision Books, 1998, pp. 203-204. ISBN 8170943094.
^ Sir Herbert Risley: The People of India
^ ^a ^b ^c Bhim Singh Dahiya, Jats the Ancient Rulers, Dahinam Publishers, Sonepat, Haryana.
^ Amiram Gonen, The Encyclopedia of the Peoples of the World, Henry Holt, 1993, pp. 277-278. ISBN 0805022562.
^ Sir Herbert Risley: The People of India
^ History of Medieval India - Vaidya
^ Professor B. S. Dhillon (1994). History and study of the Jats. Beta Publishers. ISBN 1895603021.
^ Calvin Kephart, Races of Mankind (Their Origin and Migration), Peter Owen Ltd., London, 1961
^ Hukum Singh Pawar (Pauria):The Jats - Their Origin, Antiquity and Migration. 1993, ISBN 81-85253-22-8
^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/6245366.stm
^ http://www.india-defence.com/reports/2849.
^ History of the Jatt Clans - Dr H.S. Duleh.
^ The Economic Times. "Minnesota's Jat connection", The Economic Times, October 25, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-11-17.
^ Kalika Ranjan Qanungo: History of the Jats, Delhi 2003. Edited and annotated by Dr Vir Singh
^ Professor B. S. Dhillon (1994). History and study of the Jats. Beta Publishers. ISBN 1895603021.
^ The People of Asia by Gordon T. Bowles. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London. 1977, p. 158.
^ Census of India 1931, Vol.I, Pt.2; Delhi:1933.Encly. Brit. Vol.12, 1968 Jats, p.969
^ Dr. Sukhbir Singh q. in "Suraj Sujan", August, September and October Issuies, 1990, Maharaja Suraj Mal Sansthan, C-4, Janakpuri, New Delhi.
^ Hukum Singh Pawar (Pauria):The Jats - Their Origin, Antiquity and Migration. 1993, ISBN 81-85253-22-8
^ http://www.india-defence.com/reports/2849.
^ http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MONITOR/ISSUE3-4/bajwa.html .
^ http://www.india-defence.com/reports/2849.
^ History of Punjab politics: Jats do it!
^ History of the Jatt Clans - Dr H.S Duleh.
^ Haryana Online
^ Professor B. S. Dhillon (1994). History and study of the Jats. Beta Publishers. ISBN 1895603021.
^ ^a ^b Alexander Cunningham, The Ancient Geography of India: The Buddhist Period, Including the Campaigns of Alexander, and the Travels of Hwen-Thsang (1871), pp. 290-291.
^ [1]
^ Amiram Gonen, The Encyclopedia of the Peoples of the World, Henry Holt, 1993, pp. 277-278. ISBN 0805022562.
^ Professor B. S. Dhillon (1994). History and study of the Jats. Beta Publishers. ISBN 1895603021.
^ E.B.Havell: The history of Aryan rule in India, page 32
^ Qanungo: History of the Jats
^ C.V.Vaidya: History of Medieval Hindu India
^ Sir Herbert Risley: The People of India
^ Thakur Deshraj: Jat Itihasa
^ Mangal Sen Jindal: History of Origin of Some Clans in India
^ Dr. Prakash Chandra Chandawat: Maharaja Suraj Mal aur unka yug, Jaypal Agencies Agra, 1982
^ UN Sharma :Jaton ka Navin Itihas
^ Y.P.Shastri, op.cit., p.40-41
^ Dr Ram Swarup Joon, History of the Jats (Eng), 1967, p.14-15
^ Thakur Deshraj, Jat Itihas, 1934, p. 85-86
^ Dr Mahendra Singh Arya, Dharmpal Singh Dudi, Kishan Singh Faujdar & Vijendra Singh Narwar: Ādhunik Jat Itihasa (The modern history of Jats), Agra 1998, Page-1
^ Dr S.M. Yunus Jaffery:The Jats - Their Role and Contribution to the Socio-Economic Life and Polity of North and North West India, Vol.I, 2004. Page 36-37, Ed. by Dr Vir Singh, Publisher - M/S Originals (an imprint of low priced publications), A-6, Nimri commercial Centre, Near Ashok Vihar, Phase-IV, Delhi-110052
^ Farhang-e-Namha-ye-Shah Nama, compiled by Dr Mansur RastgarFasayi, Published by Moassea-e-Motaleat o Thqiqat-e-Farhangi, Tehran 1370 AH/1991 AD, pages 1090-1094
^ Dr S.M. Yunus Jaffery:The Jats - Their Role and Contribution to the Socio-Economic Life and Polity of North and North West India, Vol.I, 2004. Page 36-37, Ed. by Dr Vir Singh, Publisher - M/S Originals (an imprint of low priced publications), A-6, Nimri commercial Centre, Near Ashok Vihar, Phase-IV, Delhi-110052.
^ Dr S.M. Yunus Jaffery of Delhi university under the title "The Jat in Shah Nama of Firdowsi" is based on the Persian text of Shah Nama by Abdul Qasim bin Ishaq bin Sharaf Shah Firdowsi Tusi, published by Mohammad Ramazani, Mossisa-e-khavar, Tehran 1310 A.H./1931 AD. Dr S.M. Yunus Jaffery has given English Version as well as Persian versions in his article.
^ K.R.Qanungo, History of the Jat people, Ed Dr Vir Singh, Delhi, 2003, p. 16
^ Majmal-ut-Tawarikh in Elliot, I, p. 104-105
^ G.C. Dwivedi, The Jats, Their role in the Mughal Empire, Delhi, Ed Dr Vir Singh, 2003, p. 7
^ Professor J. A. Leake (1967). The Geats of Beowulf. The University of Wisconsin Press, p. 68, 172. ISBN 029904050X.
^ Professor B. S. Dhillon (1994). History and study of the Jats. Beta Publishers. ISBN 1895603021.
^ Bhim Singh Dahiya, Jats the Ancient Rulers, Dahinam Publishers, Sonepat, Haryana.
^ Mujmat ut-Tawarikh, Ed. Vol.I
^ Dr S.Jabir Raza, The Jats - Their Role and Contribution to the Socio-Economic Life and Polity of North and North West India. Vol I, 2004, Ed Dr Vir Singh
^ K.R.Qanungo, History of the Jats, Ed. dr Vir Singh, 2003, p.17
^ Elliot, I, 383
^ Elliot, I, 448
^ Elliot, II, 247
^ ^a ^b Thakur Deshraj, Jat Itihas (Hindi), Maharaja Suraj Mal Smarak Shiksha Sansthan, Delhi, 1934, 2nd edition 1992 page 702.
^ Sindh Ka itihas, p.30
^ Memoirs of Humayun, p. 45
^ Thakur Deshraj, Jat Itihas, p.705
^ Sindh Ka itihas, p.30
^ Thakur Deshraj, Jat Itihas, p.208-211
^ Thakur Deshraj, Jat Itihas, p.208-211
^ James Todd, Appedix 1], [Thakur Deshraj, Jat Itihas, p.588-589
^ Jibraeil: "Position of Jats in Churu Region", The Jats - Vol. II, Ed Dr Vir Singh, Delhi, 2006, p. 223
^ Bhisma Parva On line
^ Thakur Desjraj, Jat Itihas, 1934, p. 616-624
^ Jibraeil: "Position of Jats in Churu Region", The Jats - Vol. II, Ed Dr Vir Singh, Delhi, 2006, p. 221-223
^ Dashrath Sharma, Rajasthan through the ages, Jodhpur, 1966, Vol.I, p. 287-288
^ James Todd, Annals and Antiquities, Vol.II, p. 1126=27
^ Ibid, Seventh clan of Jats
^ James Todd, Annals and Antiquities, Vol.II, p. 1126=27
^ Thakur Deshraj, Jat Itihas, Delhi, 2002, p. 269-285
^ G.S.L.Devra, op. cit., Cf. Dayaldas ri Khyat, Part II, p. 7-10
^ Jibraeil: "Position of Jats in Churu Region", The Jats - Vol. II, Ed Dr Vir Singh, Delhi, 2006, p. 222
^ Dr Brahma Ram Chaudhary: The Jats - Vol. II, Ed Dr Vir Singh, Delhi, 2006, p. 250
^ G.C.Dwivedi, The Jats, Their role in the Mughal Empire, Ed. Dr Vir Singh, Delhi, 2003, p. 7
^ Qanungo, Jats,30
^ G.C.Dwivedi, The Jats, Their role in the Mughal Empire, Ed. Dr Vir Singh, Delhi, 2003, p.11-12
^ Girish Chandra Dwivedi, The Jats – Their role in the Mughal empire, Ed by Dr Vir Singh. Delhi, 2003, p. 15
^ J.N.Sarkar, History of Auranzeb (Calcutta): 1912, I, Introduction, XI-XIII
^ F.X. Wendel, Memoires des Jats, 10
^ J.N. Sarkar, History of Auranzeb (Calcutta): 1912, I, Introduction, XXVIII f.
^ Girish Chandra Dwivedi, The Jats – Their role in the Mughal empire, Ed by Dr Vir Singh. Delhi, 2003, p. 15
^ Professor K.R. Qanungo, History of Jats (Calcutta: 1925), p. 34
^ U.N.Sharma, Itihas, p.88
^ Thakur Deshraj, Jat Itihas, p. 629
^ Girish Chandra Dwivedi, The Jats – Their role in the Mughal empire, Ed by Dr Vir Singh. Delhi, 2003, p. 15
^ Girish Chandra Dwivedi, The Jats – Their role in the Mughal empire, Ed by Dr Vir Singh. Delhi, 2003, p. 25
^ Bingley, Sikhs, p. 12
^ Preface by Ram Niwas Mirdha in G.C. Dwivedi’s, The Jats, Their role in the Mughal Empire, Ed. Dr Vir Singh, Delhi, 2003
^ Qanungo, Jats,30], [G.C.Dwivedi, The Jats, Their role in the Mughal Empire, Ed. Dr Vir Singh, Delhi, 2003, p.11-12
^ G.C.Dwivedi, The Jats, Their role in the Mughal Empire, Ed. Dr Vir Singh, Delhi, 2003, p.55-56
^ Dr. Ajay Kumar Agnihotri (1985) : "Gohad ke jaton ka Itihas" (Hindi), p.63
^ Dr. Ajay Kumar Agnihotri (1985) : "Gohad ke jaton ka Itihas" (Hindi), p.71
^ Dr. Ajay Kumar Agnihotri (1985) : "Gohad ke jaton ka Itihas" (Hindi)
^ G.C.Dwivedi: The Jats, Their role in the Mughal Empire, Ed Dr Vir Singh, 2003, p.55
^ Siyar IV, p. 28
^ K.R. Qanungo, History of the Jats, Ed. Dr Vir Singh, Delhi, 2003, p. 97
^ History of the Jatt Clans - Dr H.S Duleh.
^ ^a ^b ^c Historical Sikh Events: Phulkian Misl
^ Dr Mahendra Singh Arya, Dharmpal Singh Dudi, Kishan Singh Faujdar & Vijendra Singh Narwar: Ādhunik Jat Itihasa (The modern history of Jats), Agra 1998
^ History of the Jatt Clans - Dr H.S Duleh.
^ Dr Mahendra Singh Arya, Dharmpal Singh Dudi, Kishan Singh Faujdar & Vijendra Singh Narwar: Ādhunik Jat Itihasa (The modern history of Jats), Agra 1998
^ Genealogy of the ruling chiefs of Nabha
^ History of the Jatt Clans - Dr H.S Duleh.
^ Dr Mahendra Singh Arya, Dharmpal Singh Dudi, Kishan Singh Faujdar & Vijendra Singh Narwar: Ādhunik Jat Itihasa (The modern history of Jats), Agra 1998
^ History of the Jatt Clans - H.S Duleh (Translation from original Punjabi work "Jattan da Itihas" by Gurjant Singh).
^ Dr. Prakash Chandra Chandawat: Maharaja Suraj Mal aur unka yug, Jaypal Agencies Agra, 1982, Pages 197-200
^ Agra Gazeteer 1884, page 620
^ Jatbandhu Agra, 25 January 2005
^ YHRD - Y Chromosome Haplotype Reference Database.
^ YHRD - Y Chromosome Haplotype Reference Database.
^ YHRD - Y Chromosome Haplotype Reference Database.
^ K L Sharma:The Jats - Their Role and Contribution to the Socio-Economic Life and Polity of North and North West India, Vol.I, 2004. Ed. by Dr Vir Singh,p.13
^ Central List Of Other Backward Classes: Rajasthan. National Commission for Backward Classes. Retrieved on 2007-06-24.
^ BBC. "Why the Gujjars are so aggrieved", BBC, May 31, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-11-02.
^ Central List Of Other Backward Classes: Gujarat. National Commission for Backward Classes. Retrieved on 2007-06-24.
^ Central List Of Other Backward Classes: Madhya Pradesh. National Commission for Backward Classes. Retrieved on 2007-06-24.
^ K L Sharma:The Jats - Their Role and Contribution to the Socio-Economic Life and Polity of North and North West India, Vol.I, 2004. Ed. by Dr Vir Singh,p.14
^ Kalika Ranjan Qanungo: History of the Jats, Delhi 2003. Edited and annotated by Dr Vir Singh, p.2
^ Mangal sen Jindal (1992): History of Origin of Some Clans in India (with special Reference to Jats), Sarup & Sons, 4378/4B, Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi-110002 ISBN 81-85431-08-6, Page-17, 36.
^ Glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and NWFP, H A Rose
^ Kalika Ranjan Qanungo: History of the Jats, Delhi 2003.
^ Kalika Ranjan Qanungo: History of the Jats, Delhi 2003.
^ Kalika Ranjan Qanungo: History of the Jats, Delhi 2003. Edited and annotated by Dr Vir Singh,p.2
^ Mangal sen Jindal (1992): History of Origin of Some Clans in India (with special Reference to Jats), Sarup & Sons, 4378/4B, Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi-110002 ISBN 81-85431-08-6, Page-17, 36.
^ Kalika Ranjan Qanungo: History of the Jats, Delhi 2003. Edited and annotated by Dr Vir Singh, p.3
^ Ram Swarup Joon, History of the Jats, Rohtak, India (1938, 1967)
^ Maheswari Prasad:The Jats - Their role & contribution to the socio-economic life and polity of North & North-West India, Vol.I Ed. Dr Vir Singh, ISBN 81-88629-17-0, p.27
^ B.K. Nagla, "Jats of Haryana: A sociplogical Analysis", The Jats, Vol. II, Ed Dr Vir Singh, p.308
^ (AJATA) Association of Jats of America
^ [(NJAC) North American Jat Charities http://www.najatcharities.org/about.html]
^ Marshall, J., (Sir, Hon. Fellow of King's College, Cambridge University, and formerly Director-General of Archaeology in India), A Guide to Taxila, Cambridge University Press, London, 1960, pp. 24.
^ Dr Ompal Singh Tugania: Jat samudāy ke pramukh Ādhār bindu, Jaypal Agencies, Agra 2004
^ Bhaleram Beniwal: Jāton kā Ādikālīn Itihāsa, Jaypal Agencies, Agra 2005.
^ Bhaleram Beniwal: Jāt Yodhaon ke Balidān, Jaypal Agencies, Agra 2005
^ Dr Mahendra Singh Arya, Dharmpal Singh Dudi, Kishan Singh Faujdar & Vijendra Singh Narwar: Ādhunik Jat Itihasa (The modern history of Jats), Agra 1998
^ Thakur Deshraj: Jat Itihasa (Hindi), Maharaja Suraj Mal Smarak Shiksha Sansthan, Delhi, 1934, 2nd
^ Dilip Singh Ahlawat: Jat viron ka Itihasa
^ Ram Swarup Joon: History of the Jats, Rohtak, India (1938, 1967)
^ List of Jat Gotras on Jatland In Pakistan the head of Pakistan Muslim League(Q) and former prime Minister Ch. Shujaat Hussain is a jat also. His Cousin Ch. Pervaiz Ilahi who was the cheif Minister of Punjab(Pakistani) is also a jat.
^ [2]
^ [3]
^ [4]
^ [5]

Bhim Singh Dahiya was a historian and civil servant belonging to the Indian Revenue Service (IRS). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece, coinciding with the anniversary of the Athens Polytechnic uprising. ... Dr Vir Singh Dr Vir Singh (à¤¡à¥‰ à¤µà¥€à¤° à¤¸à¤¿à¤‚à¤¹) is an author and honorary Director of Maharaja Surajmal Centre for Research and Publication, run by Surajmal Memorial Education Society, New Delhi. ... Sir Alexander Cunningham (23 January 1814â€“28 November 1893) was an English archaeologist and army engineer, known as the father of the Archaeological Survey of India. ... Thakur Deshraj (1903-1970) was a social worker, nationalist and a historian of Rajasthan in India. ... Maharaja Suraj Mal (1707-1763) was ruler of Bharatpur in Rajasthan in India. ... Ram Swarup Joon is a Jat historian. ... Thakur Deshraj (1903-1970) was a social worker, nationalist and a historian of Rajasthan in India. ... Dr Vir Singh Dr Vir Singh (à¤¡à¥‰ à¤µà¥€à¤° à¤¸à¤¿à¤‚à¤¹) is an author and honorary Director of Maharaja Surajmal Centre for Research and Publication, run by Surajmal Memorial Education Society, New Delhi. ... A copy of the book from Herat, dated 1425CE. Depicted are Muhammad and the archangel Gabriel. ... Dr Vir Singh Dr Vir Singh (à¤¡à¥‰ à¤µà¥€à¤° à¤¸à¤¿à¤‚à¤¹) is an author and honorary Director of Maharaja Surajmal Centre for Research and Publication, run by Surajmal Memorial Education Society, New Delhi. ... The University of Wisconsin Press (or UW Press), founded in 1936, is a university press that is part of the Graduate School of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. ... Thakur Deshraj (1903-1970) was a social worker, nationalist and a historian of Rajasthan in India. ... Thakur Deshraj (1903-1970) was a social worker, nationalist and a historian of Rajasthan in India. ... Dr Vir Singh Dr Vir Singh (à¤¡à¥‰ à¤µà¥€à¤° à¤¸à¤¿à¤‚à¤¹) is an author and honorary Director of Maharaja Surajmal Centre for Research and Publication, run by Surajmal Memorial Education Society, New Delhi. ... is the 25th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Dr Vir Singh Dr Vir Singh (à¤¡à¥‰ à¤µà¥€à¤° à¤¸à¤¿à¤‚à¤¹) is an author and honorary Director of Maharaja Surajmal Centre for Research and Publication, run by Surajmal Memorial Education Society, New Delhi. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Dr Vir Singh Dr Vir Singh (à¤¡à¥‰ à¤µà¥€à¤° à¤¸à¤¿à¤‚à¤¹) is an author and honorary Director of Maharaja Surajmal Centre for Research and Publication, run by Surajmal Memorial Education Society, New Delhi. ... Dr Vir Singh Dr Vir Singh (à¤¡à¥‰ à¤µà¥€à¤° à¤¸à¤¿à¤‚à¤¹) is an author and honorary Director of Maharaja Surajmal Centre for Research and Publication, run by Surajmal Memorial Education Society, New Delhi. ... Dr Vir Singh Dr Vir Singh (à¤¡à¥‰ à¤µà¥€à¤° à¤¸à¤¿à¤‚à¤¹) is an author and honorary Director of Maharaja Surajmal Centre for Research and Publication, run by Surajmal Memorial Education Society, New Delhi. ... Ram Swarup Joon is a Jat historian. ... Dr Vir Singh Dr Vir Singh (à¤¡à¥‰ à¤µà¥€à¤° à¤¸à¤¿à¤‚à¤¹) is an author and honorary Director of Maharaja Surajmal Centre for Research and Publication, run by Surajmal Memorial Education Society, New Delhi. ...

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class="preview" id="pv1222"> is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Koenraad Elst is a Belgian orientalist, writer and researcher[1]. He has authored fifteen books on topics related to Hinduism, Indian history, and Indian politics. ... Update on the Aryan Invasion Debate is a book by Koenraad Elst. ... is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 111th day of the year (112th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 111th day of the year (112th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 111th day of the year (112th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 111th day of the year (112th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 111th day of the year (112th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 111th day of the year (112th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 111th day of the year (112th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 111th day of the year (112th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 139th day of the year (140th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 111th day of the year (112th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 80th day of the year (81st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 111th day of the year (112th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 80th day of the year (81st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 80th day of the year (81st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 80th day of the year (81st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Literature

K. Natwar Singh Kunwar Natwar Singh, popularly known as K. Natwar Singh (born May 16, 1931, Bharatpur, Rajastan, India) is an Indian politician and has been a cabinet minister. ... Maharaja Suraj Mal (1707-1763) was ruler of Bharatpur in Rajasthan in India. ... Maharaja Suraj Mal (1707-1763) was ruler of Bharatpur in Rajasthan in India. ... Thakur Deshraj (1903-1970) was a social worker, nationalist and a historian of Rajasthan in India. ... Itihasa (Sanskrit: à¤‡à¤¤à¤¿à¤¹à¤¾à¤¸ - itihÄsa in IAST notation, literally meaning that which happened) is the word for History. ... Maharaja Suraj Mal (1707-1763) was ruler of Bharatpur in Rajasthan in India. ... Khap and Sarv Khap was a system of social administration and organization in the republics of Northwestern states like Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh in India since ancient times. ... Itihasa (Sanskrit: à¤‡à¤¤à¤¿à¤¹à¤¾à¤¸ - itihÄsa in IAST notation, literally meaning that which happened) is the word for History. ...

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