NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Java Platform

The Java platform is the name for a bundle of related programs, or platform, from Sun Microsystems which allow for developing and running programs written in the Java programming language. The platform is not specific to any one processor or operating system, but rather, an execution engine (called a virtual machine) and a compiler with a set of standard libraries are implemented for various hardware and operating systems so that Java programs can run identically on all of them. Image File history File links Java_Logo. ... Java Micro Edition (Java ME or as it used to be referred to J2ME), is a runtime and collection of Java APIs for the development of software for resource contrained devices such as PDAs, cell phones and other consumer appliances. ... Java Platform, Standard Edition or Java SE (formerly known up to version 5. ... Java Platform, Enterprise Edition or Java EE is a widely used platform for server programming in the Java programming language. ... In computing, a platform describes some sort of framework, either in hardware or software, which allows software to run. ... Sun Microsystems, Inc. ... Java is a programming language originally developed by Sun Microsystems and released in 1995. ... In computer science, a virtual machine is software that creates a virtualized environment between the computer platform and its operating system, so that the end user can operate software on an abstract machine. ...

Different "editions" of the platform are available, including: Image File history File links Java_Logo. ...

As of December 2006, the current version of the Java Platform is specified as either 1.6.0 or 6 (both refer to the same version). Version 6 is the product version, while 1.6.0 is the developer version. Java Platform, Standard Edition or Java SE (formerly known up to version 5. ... Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition or Java EE (formerly also J2EE) is a programming platform â€” part of the Java platform â€” for developing and running distributed multi-tier architecture applications, based largely on modular components running on an application server. ... Java Platform, Micro Edition or Java ME (formerly referred to as J2ME), is a runtime and collection of Java APIs for the development of software for resource constrained devices such as PDAs, cell phones and other consumer appliances. ... The 2006 Asian Games are officially opened by Qatari emir Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani at the 50,000 seater Khalifa Sports Stadium in Doha, Qatar. ...

The Java Platform consists of several programs, each of which provides a distinct portion of its overall capabilities. For example, there is the Java compiler that converts Java source code into Java bytecode (an intermediate language for the Java Virtual Machine (JVM)) and provided as part of the Java Development Kit (JDK). There is a sophisticated Java Runtime Environment (JRE) that usually implements the JVM by means of a just-in-time (JIT) compiler that converts intermediate bytecode into native machine code on the fly. There are extensive libraries (pre-compiled into Java bytecode) containing reusable code, as well as numerous ways for Java applications to be deployed, including being embedded in a web page as an applet. There are several other components, some available only in certain editions, as depicted by the diagram at right. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... A Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is a set of computer software programs and data structures which implements a specific virtual machine model. ... The Java Development Kit (JDK) is a Sun Microsystems product aimed at Java developers. ... The Java Runtime Environment, or JRE, is a software bundle from Sun Microsystems that allows a computer system to run a Java application. ... In computing, just-in-time compilation (JIT), also known as dynamic translation, is a technique for improving the performance of bytecode-compiled programming systems, by translating bytecode into native machine code at runtime. ...

The essential components in the platform are the Java language compiler, the libraries, and the runtime environment in which Java intermediate bytecode "executes" according to the rules laid out in the virtual machine specification.

Java Virtual Machine

The heart of the Java Platform is the concept of a "virtual machine" that executes Java bytecode programs. This bytecode is the same no matter what hardware or operating system the program is running under. There is a JIT compiler within the Java Virtual Machine, or JVM. The JIT compiler translates the Java bytecode into native processor instructions at run-time and caches the native code in memory during execution. A Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is a set of computer software programs and data structures which implements a specific virtual machine model. ... Java bytecode is the form of instructions that the Java virtual machine executes. ...

The use of bytecode as an intermediate language permits Java programs to run on any platform that has a virtual machine available. The use of a JIT compiler means that Java applications, after a short delay during loading and once they have "warmed up" by being all or mostly JIT-compiled, tend to run about as fast as native programs. Since JRE version 1.2, Sun's JVM implementation has included a just-in-time compiler instead of an interpreter. In computing, just-in-time compilation (JIT), also known as dynamic translation, is a technique for improving the performance of bytecode-compiled programming systems, by translating bytecode into native machine code at runtime. ...

Class libraries

In most modern operating systems, a large body of reusable code is provided to simplify the programmer's job. This code is typically provided as a set of dynamically loadable libraries that applications can call at runtime. Because the Java Platform is not dependent on any specific operating system, applications cannot rely on any of the existing libraries. Instead, the Java Platform provides a comprehensive set of standard class libraries, containing much of the same reusable functions commonly found in modern operating systems. Illustration of an application which may use libvorbisfile. ...

The Java class libraries serve three purposes within the Java Platform. Like other standard code libraries, they provide the programmer a well-known set of functions to perform common tasks, such as maintaining lists of items or performing complex string parsing. In addition, the class libraries provide an abstract interface to tasks that would normally depend heavily on the hardware and operating system. Tasks such as network access and file access are often heavily dependent on the native capabilities of the platform. The Java java.net and java.io libraries implement the required native code internally, then provide a standard interface for the Java applications to perform those tasks. Finally, some underlying platforms may not support all of the features a Java application expects. In these cases, the class libraries can either emulate those features using whatever is available, or provide a consistent way to check for the presence of a specific feature.

On November 13, 2006, Sun announced that all of the Java source code will be released entirely under the GNU General Public License, by March 2007.^[1]. Following their promise, Sun released the complete source code of the Class library under GPL on May 8, 2007, except some limited parts that were licensed by Sun from 3rd parties who did not want their code to be released under an open-source license ^[2] [1] (see also Free Java implementations). Sun's goal is to replace the parts that remain closed with alternative implementations and make the class library completely open. is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The GNU logo The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or simply GPL) is a widely-used free software license, originally written by Richard Stallman for the GNU project. ... Source code (commonly just source or code) is any series of statements written in some human-readable computer programming language. ... is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... Free Java implementations are software projects that reimplement Suns Java technologies and are distributed under free software licences, thus making them free software / open source software. ...

There is also an ongoing project of the Free Software Foundation for writing a compatible free set of libraries. It is called GNU Classpath. The Free Software Foundation (FSF) is a non-profit corporation founded in October 1985 by Richard Stallman to support the free software movement (free as in freedom), and in particular the GNU project. ... GNU Classpath is a project aiming to create a free implementation of the standard class library for the Java programming language. ...

Languages

The word Java, by itself, usually refers to the Java programming language which was designed for use with the Java Platform. Programming languages are typically outside of the scope of the phrase "platform", although the Java programming language is listed as a core part of the Java platform. The language and runtime are therefore commonly considered a single unit.

Nevertheless, third parties have produced a number of compilers or interpreters which target the JVM. Some of these are for existing languages, while others are for extensions to the Java language itself. These include: A diagram of the operation of a typical multi-language, multi-target compiler. ... An interpreter is a computer program that executes other programs. ...

AspectJ is an aspect-oriented extension to the Java programming language created at Xerox PARC. An AspectJ compiler weaves aspects into Java bytecode to implement crosscutting concerns. ... The Generic Java programming language (Generic Java or GJ) is a superset of the Java programming language which adds support for generic programming. ... In slang and informal language, Groovy refers to a fashionable or desirable quality, without necessarily specifying one. ... BeanShell is a Java scripting language, invented by Pat Niemeyer. ... Jython, formerly known as JPython, is an implementation of the Python programming language written in Java. ... Python is a high-level programming language first released by Guido van Rossum in 1991. ... NetRexx is IBMs implementation of the Rexx programming language to run on the Java virtual machine. ... Nice is an advanced object-oriented programming language. ... Pizza is an open-source extension to Java programming language with the following new features: Generics Function pointers Class cases and pattern matching (a. ... Scala is a multi-paradigm programming language designed to express common programming patterns in a concise, elegant, and type-safe way. ... JRuby is a Java implementation of the Ruby interpreter, being developed by the JRuby team. ... Ruby is a reflective, dynamic, object-oriented programming language. ... Sleep is a procedural scripting language inspired by Perl and Objective-C. The only known implementation of the language is written in Java and is intended for embedding into existing Java applications to provide scripting services. ... Wikibooks has a book on the topic of Perl Programming Perl is a dynamic programming language created by Larry Wall and first released in 1987. ... Objective-C, often referred to as ObjC or more seldomly as Objective C or Obj-C, is an object oriented programming language implemented as an extension to C. It is used primarily on Mac OS X and GNUstep, two environments based on the OpenStep standard, and is the primary language... Rhino is an open source JavaScript engine. ... JavaScript is a scripting language most often used for client-side web development. ...

Similar platforms

The success of Java and its write once, run anywhere concept has led to other similar efforts, notably the Microsoft .NET platform, appearing since 2002, which incorporates many of the successful aspects of Java. .NET in its complete form (Microsoft's implementation) is currently only fully available on Windows platforms, whereas Java is fully available on many platforms. .NET was built from the ground-up to support multiple programming languages, while the Java platform was initially built to support only the Java language (although many other languages have been made for JVM since). This is a comparison of the . ... This is a comparison of the C# programming language with the Java programming language. ... Write once, run anywhere (WORA), or sometimes also Write once, run everywhere (WORE), is a slogan created by Sun Microsystems to illustrate the cross-platform benefits of the Java language. ... Microsoft . ...

.NET includes an implementation of Java called Visual J# (formerly known as J++) that is not compatible with the Java specification, and the associated class library mostly dates to the old JDK 1.1 version of the language; for these reasons, it is more a transitional language to switch from Java to the Microsoft .NET platform, than a first class Microsoft .NET language. The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... Microsoft Visual J++ is a compiler and an IDE for, a Java-based programming language, formerly incorporated into Microsoft Visual Studio. ... Microsoft . ... Microsoft . ...

References

Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 129th day of the year (130th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

Categories: Java platform | Computing platforms This is a list of Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) for the Java Programming Language. ... Java is often perceived as significantly slower and more memory-consuming than natively compiled languages such as C or C++. However, Java programs execution speed have improved a lot, due to introduction of Just-In Time compilation[1] and mainly optimizations in the Java Virtual Machine itself introduced overtime. ... // Introduction of Java Logging Frameworks Logging is a common issue for most development teams. ... This is a comparison of the . ... Java refers to a number of computer software products and specifications from Sun Microsystems (the Javaâ„¢ technology) that together provide a system for developing and deploying cross-platform applications. ... Java is a programming language originally developed by Sun Microsystems and released in 1995. ... The Java Development Kit (JDK) is a Sun Microsystems product aimed at Java developers. ... A Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is a set of computer software programs and data structures which implements a specific virtual machine model. ... The Java Runtime Environment, or JRE, is a software bundle from Sun Microsystems that allows a computer system to run a Java application. ... GNU Classpath is a project aiming to create a free implementation of the standard class library for the Java programming language. ... The GNU Compiler for Java (GCJ) is a free software compiler for the Java programming language that is part of the GNU Compiler Collection. ... Apache Harmony is an open source implementation of Java, starting with Java SE 5. ... Kaffe is a clean room design of a Java Virtual Machine. ... Java Web Start, first introduced for J2SE 1. ... The Java programming language was intended to serve as a novel way to manage software complexity. ... The Java Community Process or JCP, established in 1995, is a formalized process which allows interested parties to be involved in the definition of future versions and features of the Java platform. ... Sun Microsystems, Inc. ... Free Java implementations are software projects that reimplement Suns Java technologies and are distributed under free software licences, thus making them free software / open source software. ... Java bytecode is the form of instructions that the Java virtual machine executes. ... // The syntax of the Java programming language is a set of rules that defines how a Java program is written and interpreted. ... A Java applet is an applet delivered in the form of Java bytecode. ... The Java Servlet API allows a software developer to add dynamic content to a Web server using the Java platform. ... JavaServer Pages (JSP) is a Java technology that allows software developers to dynamically generate HTML, XML or other types of documents in response to a Web client request. ... Java Web Start, introduced in Java 2, allows provisioning applications over the Web by clicking a desktop icon or a link on a website. ... Sun Microsystems, Inc. ... Solaris is a computer operating system developed by Sun Microsystems. ... StarOffice is Sun Microsystems commercial office suite software package. ... OpenOffice. ... JDS screenshot. ... Java refers to a number of computer software products and specifications from Sun Microsystems (the Javaâ„¢ technology) that together provide a system for developing and deploying cross-platform applications. ... Java is a programming language originally developed by Sun Microsystems and released in 1995. ... A Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is a set of computer software programs and data structures which implements a specific virtual machine model. ... This page may meet Wikipediaâ€™s criteria for speedy deletion. ... Network File System (NFS) is a network file system protocol originally developed by Sun Microsystems in 1984, allowing a user on a client computer to access files over a network as easily as if the network devices were attached to its local disks. ... JavaFX is a family of products and technologies from Sun Microsystems, first announced at the JavaOne developers conference in May 2007. ... NetBeans refers to both a platform for the development of Java desktop applications, and an integrated development environment (IDE) developed using the NetBeans Platform. ... Sun Grid Engine (SGE), earlier known as CODINE (COmputing in DIstributed Networked Environments) or GRD (Global Resource Director) is an open source batch-queuing system, supported by Sun Microsystems. ... JXTA (Juxtapose) is Open Source peer-to-peer platform created by Sun Microsystems in 2001. ... Sun Microsystems is a computer, semiconductor and software manufacturer headquartered in Santa Clara, California, in Silicon Valley. ... GlassFish is the name of an open source development project for the next generation Sun Microsystems Java EE server. ... Sun Java System Access Manager is Sun Microsystems web access management product and a component of Sun Java Enterprise System. ... OpenSSO is a single sign-on implementation for Java, released under an open source license. ... Apache Derby is a Java relational database management system that can be embedded in Java programs and used for online transaction processing. ... Sun SPARCstation 1+ pizzabox, 25mhz RISC processor, early 1990s SPARCstation was the name given to a series of SPARC-based computer workstations developed and sold by Sun Microsystems. ... The Sun Ultra series is the name given to a series of UltraSPARC-based computer workstations and servers developed and sold by Sun Microsystems. ... The Sun Enterprise is a series of servers by Sun Microsystems that already is or is fast nearing obsolescence. ... The Sun Blade series was a computer workstation line developed and sold by Sun Microsystems from 2000 to 2006. ... The Sun Fire series is a range of UNIX server computers produced by Sun Microsystems from 2001 onwards, superseding the Sun Enterprise series. ... The SPARC Enterprise series is a range of UNIX servers co-developed by Sun Microsystems and Fujitsu. ... Sun Microsystems UltraSPARC T1 microprocessor, known until its 14 November 2005 announcement by its development codename Niagara , is a multithreading, multicore CPU. Designed to lower the energy consumption of server computers, the CPU uses typically 72 W of power at 1. ... Sun UltraSPARC II Microprocessor Sun UltraSPARC T1 (Niagara 8 Core) SPARC (Scalable Processor Architecture) is a RISC microprocessor instruction set architecture originally designed in 1985 by Sun Microsystems. ... The JavaStation is a Network Computer (NC), that has been developed by Sun Microsystems between 1996 and 2000. ... The Sun Ray was introduced by Sun Microsystems in 1999 as a thin-client solution aimed at corporate environments. ... Project Blackbox is a prototype from Sun Microsystems for a data center built into a shipping container. ... Sun Microsystems created history of sorts by launching on demand super computing see Sun Grid. ... Sun SPOT (Sun Small Programmable Object Technology) is a wireless sensor network (WSN) mote (an electronic communication device meant to be the size of a particle of dust) developed by Sun Microsystems. ... Sun Certified Professional (SCP) is a professional certification program by Sun Microsystems. ... These notable people work or used to work at Sun. ...

Contents

Class libraries

Languages

Similar platforms

References

See also