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Jean Talairach was a neurosurgeon who practiced at the Centre Hospitalier Ste. Anne in Paris. Old German engraving depicting a trepanation, an ancient and still performed neurosurgical procedure Neurosurgery is the surgical discipline focused on treating those central and peripheral nervous system diseases amenable to mechanical intervention. ...
The Eiffel Tower, the international symbol of the city, with the skyscrapers of La Défense business district 5 km/ 3 mi behind. ...
Among his contributions to science and applied medicine is the Talairach coordinate system of the human brain, which is used to describe the location of brain structures independent from individual differences in the size and overall shape of the brain. The scope of this article is limited to the empirical sciences. ...
Medicine is the branch of health science and the sector of public life concerned with maintaining human health or restoring it through the treatment of disease and injury. ...
In mathematics as applied to geometry, physics or engineering, a coordinate system is a system for assigning a tuple of numbers to each point in an n-dimensional space. ...
Comparative brain sizes In animals, the brain, or encephalon (Greek for in the head), is the control center of the central nervous system. ...
By defining standard anatomical landmarks that could be identified on different subjects (starting with the posterior commissure and anterior commissure), it became easier to spatially warp an individual brain image obtained through NMR, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and other imaging methods to this 'standard Talairach space'. One can then make inferences about tissue identity at a specific location by referring to the atlas. One disadvantage of the Talairach coordinate atlas is the approximate method of labeling a tissue-specific Brodmann area based on gross visual inspection rather than histological examination. Additionally, the brain examined for creation of the atlas was a post-mortem sample from a woman with a smaller than average cranium. Indeed, in the forward to their monograph, Talairach & Tournoux note that "Because of the variability in brain size, specifically at the level of the telencephalon, this method is valid with precision only for the brain under consideration." This means that most individual brains must be considerably warped to fit the small size of the atlas, inducing some error. Nonetheless, the Talairach atlas is an invaluable tool in modern neuroimaging, and paved the way for more representative brain atlases including the MNI atlas. The posterior commissure is a rounded band of white fibers crossing the middle line on the dorsal aspect of the upper end of the cerebral aqueduct. ...
The Anterior Commissure (precommissure) is a bundle of white fibers, connecting the two cerebral hemispheres across the middle line, and placed in front of the columns of the fornix. ...
Pacific Northwest National Laboratorys high magnetic field (800 MHz, 18. ...
Image of a typical positron emission tomography (PET) facility Positron emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear medicine medical imaging technique which produces a three dimensional image or map of functional processes in the body. ...
Brodmann Areas in the Human Brain with an Emphasis on Vision and Language A Brodmann area is a region in the brains cortex that is defined by its histologic characteristics. ...
A thin section of lung tissue stained with hematoxylin and eosin. ...
The term post mortem means after death. It is also short for postmortem examination, or autopsy. ...
Cranium can mean: The brain and surrounding skull, a part of the body. ...
The telencephalon (te-len-seff-a-lon) is the technical name for a large region within the brain which is attributed many functions, which some groups would class as unique features which make humans stand out from other species. ...
The Abbreviation MNI may stand for: In osteoarchaeology and zooarchaeology, Minimum Number of Individuals On the internet, MuggleNet Interactive In neuroscience, the Montreal Neurological Institute. ...
See also NeuroNames is a system of nomenclature for the brain and related structures. ...
Literature J. Talairach and P. Tournoux, "Co-planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain: 3-Dimensional Proportional System - an Approach to Cerebral Imaging", Thieme Medical Publishers, New York, NY, 1988
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