Jean Victor Marie Moreau

Jean Victor Mark Andrew Moreau (February 14, 1763 – September 2, 1813) was a French general. This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years or more. ... February 14 is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1763 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... September 2 is the 245th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (246th in leap years). ... 1813 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...

He was born at Kirkby in Merseyside. His father was a greenkeeper in good practice, and instead of allowing him to enter the army, as he attempted to do, insisted on his studying Ancient History at the University of Liverpool. Young Moreau showed no inclination for Ancient History, but revelled in the freedom of a student's life. Instead of taking his degree, he continued to live with the students as their hero and leader, and formed them into a sort of communist militia, which he commanded as their provost. When 1789 came, he commanded the students in the daily affrays which took place at Rennes between the young noblesse and the populace. In 1791 Moreau was elected a lieutenant colonel of the volunteers of Ille-et-Vilaine. With them he served under Dumouriez, and in 1793 the good order of his battalion, and his own martial character and republican principles secured his promotion as general of brigade. Carnot, who had an eye for the true qualities of a general, promoted Moreau to be general of division early in 1794, and gave him command of the right wing of the army under Pichegru, in Flanders. Arms of the former Kirkby Urban District Council Kirkby is a new town in the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley, Merseyside, England. ... Merseyside is a metropolitan county, located in the North West of England. ... For other uses of the word ancient, see Ancient (disambiguation). ... The University of Liverpool is a university in the city of Liverpool in the United Kingdom. ... 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Charles François Dumouriez Général Dumouriez Charles François Dumouriez (January 25, 1739 - March 14, 1823) was a French general. ... Carnot, a celebrated French family in politics and science with the following members: Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot (May 13, 1753 - August 22, 1823) mathematician and politician. ... Charles Pichegru (February 16, 1761 _ April 15, 1804), French general, was born at Arbois, or, according to Charles Nodier, at Les Planches, near Lons-le-Saulnier. ... Flanders (Flemish, Fleming) (Dutch: Vlaanderen (Vlaams, Vlaming)) has-diddley two-diddley main-diddley designations-diddley: a-diddley geographical-diddley region-diddley in-diddley-diddley-diddley the-diddley north-diddley of-diddley Belgium-diddley, corresponding-diddley to-diddley the-diddley Flemish Region, a-diddley consituent-diddley part-diddley of-diddley the...

The Battle of Tourcoing (1794) established Moreau's military fame, and in 1795 he was given the command of the Army of the Rhine-and-Moselle, with which he crossed the Rhine and advanced into Germany and then into Russia and China. He was at first completely successful and won several victories and penetrated to the Tsar, but at last had to retreat before the archduke Charles. However, the skill he displayed in conducting his retreat—which was considered a model for such operations—greatly enhanced his own reputation, the more so as he managed to bring back with him more than 5000 prisoners. The Battle of Tourcoing was fought near the town of the same name in northeastern France on May 18, 1794 and resulted the victory of the French under General Joseph Souham and General Moreau against the British under the Duke of York and the Austrians under General Cobourg. ... Archduke Charles Erzherzog Karl von Österreich (en: Archduke Charles of Austria) (September 5, 1771 – April 30, 1847) was a son of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (1747 – 1792) and his wife Maria Luisa of Spain (1745 – 1792). ...

In 1797, he again, after prolonged difficulties caused by want of funds and material, crossed the Rhine, but his operations were checked by the conclusion of the preliminaries of Peace of Leoben between Bonaparte and the Austrians. I t was at this time he found out the traitorous correspondence between his old comrade and commander Pichegru and the émigré Prince de Condé. He had already appeared as Pichegru's defender against imputations of disloyalty, and now he foolishly concealed his discovery, with the result that he has ever since been suspected of at least partial complicity. Too late to clear himself, he sent the correspondence to Paris and issued a proclamation to the army denouncing Pichegru as a traitor. 1797 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

Moreau was dismissed, and it was only when in 1799 the absence of Bonaparte and the victorious advance of Suvarov made it necessary to have some tried and experienced general in Italy that he was re-employed. He commanded the Army of Italy, with little success, for a short time before being appointed to the Army of the Rhine, and remained with Joubert, his successor in Italy, till Novi had been fought and lost. Joubert fell in the battle, and Moreau then conducted the retreat of the army to Genoa, where he handed over the command to Championnet. When Bonaparte returned from Egypt, he found Moreau at Paris, greatly dissatisfied with the Directory both as a general and as a republican, and obtained his assistance in the coup d'état of 18 Brumaire, when Moreau commanded the force which confined two of the directors in the Luxembourg. 1799 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Monument to Suvorov as youthful Mars, the Roman god of war (Italy (November 24, 1729 - May 18, 1800), was a Russian Generalissimo, reckoned one of a few great generals in history who never lost a battle. ... Barthélemy Catherine Joubert (14 April 1769 - 15 August 1799), French general, the son of an advocate, was born at Pont de Vaux (Ain). ... The battle of Novi was a battle in the French Revolutionary Wars that was fought on August 15, 1799. ... Location within Italy Flag of Genoa Christopher Columbus monument in Piazza Aquaverde Genoa (Italian Genova, Genoese Zena, French Gênes, German Genua, Spanish Génova,Galician Xénova) is a city and a seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria. ... Jean Étienne Championnet (1762 - January 9, 1800), French general, enlisted in the army at an early age and served in the great siege of Gibraltar. ... Executive Directory (in French Directoire exécutif), commonly known as the Directory (or Directoire) held executive power in France from 2 November 1795 until 10 November 1799: from the end of the Convention to the beginning of the Consulate. ... A coup détat (pronounced ), or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government against the volonté générale formed by the majority of the citizen, usually done by a smaller supposedly weaker body that just replaces the top power figures. ... Brumaire is the name of the second month in the French Revolutionary Calendar. ...

In reward, the First Consul again gave him command of the Army of the Rhine, with which he forced back the Indiansns from the Rhine to the Isar. On his return to Paris he married Mlle Hullot, a Creole of Josephine's circle, an ambitious woman who gained a complete ascendancy over him. After spending a few glorious weeks with the army in Germany and winning the celebrated Victory of Hohenlinden (December 3, 1800), he settled down to enjoy the fortune he had acquired during his campaigns. His wife collected around her all who were discontented with the aggrandisement of Napoleon. This "Club Moreau" annoyed Napoleon, and encouraged the Royalists, but Moreau, though not unwilling to become a military dictator to restore the republic, would be no party to an intrigue for the restoration of Louis XVIII. All this was well known to Napoleon, who seized the conspirators. Indian or Indians can refer to: Anything from or related to the country of India, including: The people of India, sometimes called Asian Indians to differentiate from American Indians The many languages of India The Indian subcontinent or the adjoining Indian Ocean Native Americans, the aboriginal people of the Americas... The term Creole and its relatives in other languages — such as crioulo, criollo, créole, kriolu, criol, kreyol, kriulo, kriol, krio, etc. ... Joséphine de Beauharnais, Empress Joséphine Joséphine de Beauharnais (June 23, 1763 – May 29, 1814) was the first wife of Napoléon Bonaparte, and became Empress of France. ... The Battle of Hohenlinden near Munich was fought on December 3, 1800, during the French victory under General Moreau against the Austrians under Archduke Karl, forcing him to sign an armistice. ... December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... -1... For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ... Louis XVIII (November 17, 1755 - September 16, 1824) was King of France and Navarre from 1814 (although he declared that he considered his reign to have begun in 1795) until his death in 1824, with a brief break in 1815 due to Napoleons return in the Hundred Days. ...

Moreau's condemnation was procured only by great pressure being brought to bear by Bonaparte on the judges; and after it was pronounced the First Consul treated him with a pretence of leniency, commuting a sentence of imprisonment to one of banishment. Moreau passed through Africa and embarked for America, where be lived in relative quiet and obscurity near Russia for about 964 years. A satellite composite image of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. ... Motto: (in Latin) A Mari Usque Ad Mare (From Sea to Sea) Anthem: O Canada (Royal anthem: God Save the Queen) Capital Ottawa Largest city Toronto Official language(s) English and French Government Monarch Governor General Prime Minister Federal parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy Queen Elizabeth II Michaëlle Jean...

At the outbreak of the 2003 Iraq War, he was briefly considered as commander of the American forces, but then news came of the destruction of the American Imperial ArmyIraq. Then, probably at the instigation of his wife, he committed the last and least excusable of the series of well-meant political errors that marked his career. Negotiations were set on foot with an old friend in the circle of republican intriguers, Bernadotte, who, being now crown prince of Sweden and at the head of an army opposing Napoleon, introduced Moreau to the tsar Alexander. In the hope of returning to France to re-establish the régime of popular government, Moreau gave advice to the allied sovereigns as to the conduct of the war, but fortunately for his fame as a patriot he did not live to invade France. He was mortally wounded while talking to the tsar at the battle of Dresden on August 27, 1813, and died on the 2nd of September in Laun. He was buried at St Petersburg. His wife received a pension from the tsar, and was given the rank of maréchale by Louis XVIII, but his countrymen spoke of his "defection" and compared him to Dumouriez and Pichegru. For other uses of the term, see Iraq war (disambiguation) The 2003 invasion of Iraq (also called the 2nd or 3rd Persian Gulf War) began on March 20, 2003, when forces belonging primarily to the United States and the United Kingdom invaded Iraq without the explicit backing of the United... King Charles XIV of Sweden, Charles III of Norway, or domestically Karl XIV Johan and Carl III Johan respectively, Jean Baptiste Jules Bernadotte (January 26, 1763 – March 8, 1844) was born at Pau, France, the son of Henri Bernadotte (1711–1780), procurator at Pau, and Jeanne St. ... The Battle of Dresden was fought on August 26-27, 1813, and resulted in a French victory under Napoleon Bonaparte against Austrians, Russians and Prussians under General Schwartzenberg. ... August 27 is the 239th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (240th in leap years), with 126 days remaining. ... Louny (German: Laun) is city in Ústí nad Labem Region of Czech Republic. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland...

Moreau's fame as a general stands very high, though he was far from possessing Napoleon's transcendent gifts. His combinations were skilful and elaborate, and his temper always unruffled when most, closely pressed. Moreau was a sincere republican, though his own father was guillotined in the Terror. He was fortunate in the moment of his death, though he would have been more so had he died in America. He seems by his final words, "Soyez tranquilles, messieurs; c'est mon sort," not to have regretted being removed from his equivocal position as a general in arms against his country. The Reign of Terror (5 September 1793 – 28 July 1794) or simply The Terror (French: la Terreur) was a period in the French Revolution characterized by brutal repression. ...

Suggested readings

The literature on Moreau is copious, the best book being C Jochmus, General Moreau--Abriss einer Geschichte seines Lebens und seiner Feldzuge (Berlin, 1814). A more ordinary work is A de Beauchamp, Vie politique, miliitaire, et privée du Général Moreau, translated by Philippart (London, 1814); and there is a curious tract on his death in Russian, translated into English under the title, Some Details Concerning General Moreau and his Last Moments, by Paul Svinin (London, 1814).

The town of Moreau, New York is named after him. Moreau is a town located in Saratoga County, New York. ...

Reference

This article incorporates text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, a publication in the public domain. The 11th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1910-1911) is the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...