Coordinates: 32°16′20.21″N, 35°53′29.03″E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

Jerash City مدينة جرش
The famous Roman Oval Plaza in Jerash with the 300 columns standing around it.
Jerash City
Coordinates: 32°16′20.21″N 35°53′29.03″E / 32.2722806, 35.8913972
Country	Jordan
Province	Jerash Governorate
Elevation	600 m (1,968 ft)
Population (2003)[1]
- Total	31,652
Time zone	GMT +2 (UTC)
- Summer (DST)	+3 (UTC)
Area code(s)	+(962)2

Map of Jerash

Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2048 × 1536 pixel, file size: 963 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)Ahmed Bani Mustafa File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Red_pog2. ... Jerash (Arabic: جرش) is one of the governorates of Jordan. ... Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth – approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... GMT redirects here. ... ... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... ... A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating telephone number ranges to countries, regions, areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks such as mobile phone networks. ...

Overview

Jerash, the Gerasa of Antiquity, is the capital and largest city of Jerash Governorate (محافظة جرش), which is situated in the north of Jordan, 48 km (30 miles) north of the capital Amman towards Syria. Jerash Governorate's geographical features vary from cold mountains to fertile valleys from (1100 to 300 meters above sea level), suitable for growing a wide variety of crops. Jerash (Arabic: جرش) is one of the governorates of Jordan. ... For other meanings, see Amman (disambiguation) and Ammann. ...

Demographics

According to the Jordan national census of 2004, the population of Jerash City was 31,650 and was ranked as the 14th largest municipality in Jordan. The population of the province of Jerash Governorate was 153,650. ^[2] Jerash Governorate has the second highest density in Jordan (after Irbid Governorate). Jerash (Arabic: جرش) is one of the governorates of Jordan. ...

Jerash has an ethnicly diverse population, with the majority being Arabs. Circassians and Armenians also exist in a slightly larger percentage compared to other cities in Jordan. The majority of Jerash population are Muslims, however the percentage of Christians (Orthodox and Catholics)in Jerash city is also among the highest in Jordan.

Ancient Jerash

Map of the Decapolis showing location of Gerasa (Jerash)

Arch of Hadrian

Jerash is known for the ruins of the Greco-Roman city of Gerasa, also referred to as Antioch on the Golden River. It is sometimes misleadingly referred to as the "Pompeii of the Middle East or Asia", referring to its size, extent of excavation and level of preservation (though Jerash was never buried by a volcano). Jerash is considered one of the most important and best preserved Roman cities in the Near East. It was a city of the Decapolis. Download high resolution version (513x752, 112 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (513x752, 112 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The oval forum and cardo of Gerasa (Jerash) The Decapolis (Greek: deka, ten; polis, city) was a group of ten cities on the eastern frontier of the Roman Empire in Syria and Judea (renamed Palestine in 135 AD). ... For other uses, see Pompeii (disambiguation). ... Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ... Inhabitants of the Near East, late nineteenth century. ... For other uses, see City (disambiguation). ... The oval forum and cardo of Gerasa (Jerash) The Decapolis (Greek: deka, ten; polis, city) was a group of ten cities on the eastern frontier of the Roman Empire in Syria and Judea (renamed Palestine in 135 AD). ...

Recent excavations show that Jerash was already inhabited during the Bronze Age (3200 BC - 1200 BC. After the Roman conquest in 63 BC, Jerash and the land surrounding it were annexed by the Roman province of Syria, and later joined the Decapolis cities. In AD 90, Jerash was absorbed into the Roman province of Arabia, which included the city of Philadelphia (modern day Amman). The Romans ensured security and peace in this area, which enabled its people to devote their efforts and time to economic development and encouraged civic building activity. The Bronze Age is a period in a civilizations development when the most advanced metalworking has developed the techniques of smelting copper from natural outcroppings and alloys it to cast bronze. ... (33rd century BC - 32nd century BC - 31st century BC - other centuries) (5th millennium BC - 4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC) Events Ancient Egypt: Earliest known Egyptian hieroglyphs Crete: Rise of Minoan civilization Neolithic settlement built at Skara Brae in the Orkney Islands, Scotland New Stone Age people in Ireland build... (Redirected from 1200 BC) Centuries: 14th century BC - 13th century BC - 12th century BC Decades: 1250s BC 1240s BC 1230s BC 1220s BC 1210s BC - 1200s BC - 1190s BC 1180s BC 1170s BC 1160s BC 1150s BC Events and Trends 1204 BC - Theseus, legendary King of Athens is deposed after... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC - 60s BC - 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC Years: 68 BC 67 BC 66 BC 65 BC 64 BC 63 BC 62 BC 61 BC 60... Map of the Roman Empire, with the provinces, after 120. ... This article is about the year 90. ... Arabia Petraea Arabia Petraea, also called Provincia Arabia or simply Arabia, was a province of the Roman Empire beginning in the second century AD; it consisted of the former Nabataean kingdom in modern Jordan, Sinai, and northwestern Saudi Arabia. ... For other meanings, see Amman (disambiguation) and Ammann. ...

In the second half of the first century AD, the city of Jerash achieved great prosperity. In AD 106, the Emperor Trajan constructed roads throughout the provinces and more trade came to Jerash. The Emperor Hadrian visited Jerash in AD 129-130. The triumphal arch (or Arch of Hadrian) was built to celebrate his visit. A remarkable Latin inscription records a religious dedication set up by members of the imperial mounted bodyguard "wintering" there. For other uses, see number 106. ... This article is about the Roman Emperor. ... Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus (January 24, 76 –– July 10, 138), known as Hadrian in English, was emperor of Rome from 117 A.D. to 138 A.D., as well as a Stoic and Epicurean philosopher. ... Events Change of Patriarch of Constantinople from Patriarch Diogenes to Patriarch Eleutherius. ... For other uses, see number 130. ...

The city finally reached a size of about 800,000 square metres within its walls. The Persian invasion in AD 614 caused the rapid decline of Jerash. However, the city continued to flourish during the Umayyad Period, as shown by recent excavations. In AD 746, a major earthquake destroyed much of Jerash and its surroundings. During the period of the Crusades, some of the monuments were converted to fortresses, including the Temple of Artemis. Small settlements continued in Jerash during the Ayyubid, Mameluk and Ottoman periods. Excavation and restoration of Jerash has been almost continuous since the 1920s. The Persians of Iran (officially named Persia by West until 1935 while still referred to as Persia by some) are an Iranian people who speak Persian (locally named Fârsi by native speakers) and often refer to themselves as ethnic Iranians as well. ... Events The Persian Empire under general Shahrbaraz captures and sacks Jerusalem; the Church of the Holy Sepulchre is damaged by fire and the True Cross is captured. ... The Courtyard of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, one of the grandest architectural legacies of the Umayyads. ... Events Swithred succeeds Saelred as king of Essex. ... For other uses, see Artemis (disambiguation). ... The Ayyubid Dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Egypt, Iraq in the 12th and 13th centuries. ... Throughout the history of the Muslim world there have been a number of Mameluk dynasties: The Mameluk dynasty in India ruled from New Delhi between 1211 and 1290 The Mameluk dynasty in Baghdad ruled that city and surrounding areas until 1832 There were two Egyptian Mameluk dynasties the Bahri dynasty... Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1683, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–1365) Edirne (1365–1453) Ä°stanbul (1453–1922) Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 (first) Osman I  - 1918–22 (last) Mehmed VI Grand Viziers  - 1320... Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Tetrapylon

There are a large number of striking monuments located in Jerash: the Corinthium column, Hadrian's Arch, a circus/hippodrome, two immense temples (to Zeus and Artemis), the nearly unique oval Forum, which is surrounded by a fine colonnade, a long colonnaded street or cardo, two theatres (the Large South Theatre and smaller North Theatre), two baths, a scattering of small temples and an almost complete circuit of city walls. Most of these monuments were built by donations of the city's wealthy citizens. There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus (January 24, 76 –– July 10, 138), known as Hadrian in English, was emperor of Rome from 117 A.D. to 138 A.D., as well as a Stoic and Epicurean philosopher. ... For other uses, see Hippodrome (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Zeus (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Artemis (disambiguation). ... The Forum of Jerash, in Jordan. ... For the crustacean genus Cardus, see Polychelidae. ...

From AD 350, a large Christian community lived in Jerash, and between AD 400-600, more than thirteen churches were built, many with superb mosaic floors. A cathedral was built in the fourth century. An ancient synagogue with detailed mosaics, including the story of Noah, was found beneath a church. Events January 18 - Magnentius proclaimed Emperor by the army in Autun. ... For other uses, see Christian (disambiguation). ... Events First invasion of Italy by Alaric (probable date). ... The population of the Earth rises to about 208 million people. ... For other uses, see Cathedral (disambiguation). ... The synagogue Scolanova Trani in Italy. ... This article is about the biblical Noah. ...

Today the ruins of Jerash are thoroughly excavated and excellently preserved. This has led to a nickname, the "Asian Pompeii." For other uses, see Pompeii (disambiguation). ...

Modern Jerash

The oval Forum of Roman Jerash, and the south end of the Cardo

Jerash has developed dramatically in the last century due to its strategic location in the heart of Jordan and the growing importance of the tourism industry to the city. Jerash is now the second-most popular tourist attraction in Jordan, closely behind the splendid ruins of Petra. The ruins have been carefully preserved and spared from encroachment, with the modern city sprawling to the west of ancient Jerash's city walls. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2560 × 1920 pixel, file size: 999 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) M. Disdero 19/02/2007 File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2560 × 1920 pixel, file size: 999 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) M. Disdero 19/02/2007 File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are... The Forum of Jerash, in Jordan. ... This article is about the Jordanian site of Petra. ...

Souf was the seed for modern Jerash. For many centuries Souf was the center of the al-Meradh area during the Ottoman Empire. The Al-Meradh region was called this because it was the only region in the north of Jordan which resisted the southern Bedouin looting attacks that used to be launched by Bani Sakher tribes. They led a resistance alliance which finally succeeded in defeating the Bedouin. Souf (سوف) is a town in Jordan, set over a series of mountains at an altitude of 1,000 meters. ... Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1683, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–1365) Edirne (1365–1453) Ä°stanbul (1453–1922) Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 (first) Osman I  - 1918–22 (last) Mehmed VI Grand Viziers  - 1320...

Enriched mouldings on the Temple of Artemis speak of ebullient prosperity

The old town of Jerash was actually re-inhabited by the local people of Souf and the surrounding villages. During the second half of the nineteenth century, Jerash was a target for successive migrant waves including Syrians (Shwam), the Circassians, and in the second half of the twentieth century by Palestinian refugees. Circassians is a term derived from the Turkic Cherkess (Çerkes), and is not the self-designation of any people. ...

However, recently the modern city of Jerash has been expanded to include many of the surrounding villages including Souf, Dairelliat, Thougretasfour, Jaba, Asfour, Aljbarat and Majar. Other important villages in the governate include: Sakèb, Kitteh, Nahlé, Burma, Mustabah, Jubba, Raimoun, Kufr Khall, Balila, and Qafqafa. Kufr Khall, (also written Kufur Khall, Kufr Khal) (Arabic: كفرخل ), is a village in the north of Jordan, in the Jarash governorate. ...

Since 1981, the old city of Jerash has hosted the Jerash Festival^[3], a three week long summer program of dance, music, and theatrical performances. The festival is frequently attended by members of the royal family of Jordan and is hailed as one of the largest cultural activities in the region.

Economy

Jerash economy depends largely on the tourists who visit the ancient city. It is also an agricultural city with more than 1.25 million olive trees in Jerash Governorate. ^[4] However, the location of Jerash, just half an hour ride from two of the largest cities in Jordan, Amman and Irbid, contributed to slowing down its development, as investments tend to go to the larger cities. For other meanings, see Amman (disambiguation) and Ammann. ... Irbid (Arabic: إربد), known in ancient times as Arabella, is a city in Jordan located about 70 km north of Amman on the northern ridge of the Gilead. ...

References

Publications

• Achim Lichtenberger, "Artemis and Zeus Olympios in Roman Gerasa and Seleucid religious policy," in The Variety of Local Religious Life in the Near East in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods. Ed. by T. Kaizer (Leiden, Brill, 2008) (Religions in the Graeco-Roman World, 164).

See also

• Amman
• Ajlun

For other meanings, see Amman (disambiguation) and Ammann. ... Ajlun castle Ajlun (alternative spelling Ajloun) is a hill town in the north of Jordan with an impressive 12th century castle. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Jerash

• Wikitravel: Jerash
• A brief history and some photographs
• Photos of Jerash
• 360 degrees panorama of Jerash
• Jerash on Jordanian Postage Stamps
• The Mosaics of Jerash