NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Jesus in Islam

Jesus in Islam (Arabic: عيسى‎ `Īsā) is a messenger of God who had been sent to guide the Children of Israel (banī isrā'īl) with a new scripture, the Injīl (gospel).^[1] The Qur'an, believed by Muslims to be God's final revelation, states that Jesus was born to Mary (Arabic: Maryam) as the result of virginal conception, a miraculous event which occurred by the decree of God (Arabic: Allah). To aid him in his quest, Jesus was given the ability to perform miracles, all by the permission of God. According to Islamic texts, Jesus was neither killed nor crucified, but rather he was raised alive up to heaven. Islamic traditions narrate that he will return to earth near the day of judgment to restore justice and defeat al-Masīḥ ad-Dajjāl (lit. "the false messiah", also known as the Antichrist).^[2]^[3] Like all prophets in Islam, Jesus is considered to have been a Muslim, as he preached for people to adopt the straight path in submission to God's will. Islam rejects that Jesus was God or the son of God, stating that he was an ordinary man who, like other prophets, had been divinely chosen to spread God's message. Islamic texts forbid the association of partners with God (shirk), emphasizing the notion of God's divine oneness (tawhīd). Numerous titles are given to Jesus in the Qur'an, such as al-Masīḥ ("the messiah; the anointed one" i.e. by means of blessings), although it does not correspond with the meaning accrued in Christian belief. Jesus is seen in Islam as a precursor to Muhammad, and is believed by Muslims to have foretold the latter's coming.^[3]^[4] This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... Arabic redirects here. ... In Islam, a rasul ( Ø±Ø³ÙˆÙ„) (Arabic: messenger, plural rusul) is a prophet sent by God (Allah in Arabic) with a revelation. ... The Children of Israel, or Bnei Yisrael (×‘× ×™ ×™×©×¨××œ) in Hebrew (also Bnai Yisrael, Bnei Yisroel or Bene Israel) is a Biblical term for the Israelites. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... Look up [[wiktionary:|]] in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For the biological phenomenon of female-only reproduction, see Parthenogenesis. ... This article is about the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ... Allah is the Arabic language word for God. ... For other uses, see Miracle (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Crucifixion (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Judgment Day redirects here. ... al-Dajjal sometimes spelled Dajal, (Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ø¯Ù‘Ø¬Ù‘Ø§Ù„, al-dajjÄl) (The Deceiver/impostor), also known as the false Messiah (see also: Antichrist) is an evil figure in Islamic eschatology, who will appear before Yawm al-Qiyamah (The Day of Resurrection, Judgement Day). ... In Christian eschatology, the Antichrist or anti-Christ means a person, office, or group recognized as fulfilling the Biblical prophecies about one who will oppose Christ and substitute himself in Christs place. ... The Quran identifies a number of men as prophets of Islam. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…Ø§Ù†, Turkish: MÃ¼slÃ¼man, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... Topics in Christianity Movements Â· Denominations Â· Other religions Ecumenism Â· Preaching Â· Prayer Music Â· Liturgy Â· Calendar Symbols Â· Art Â· Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul Â· Church Fathers Constantine Â· Athanasius Â· Augustine Anselm Â· Aquinas Â· Palamas Â· Luther Calvin Â· Wesley Arius Â· Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury Â· Catholic Pope Coptic Pope Â· Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box: Son of... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Messiah (Hebrew: , Standard Tiberian ; Aramaic: , Aramaic/Syriac: , ; Arabic: â€Ž, ) Literally, Messiah means The Anointed (One), typically someone anointed with holy anointing oil. ... Muhammad in a new genre of Islamic calligraphy started in the 17th century by Hafiz Osman. ...

Etymology

The Anglicized name of Jesus is derived from the Latin Iēsus, which in turn comes from the Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs).^[2] The Qur'anic reference as 'Isa has puzzled Western scholars and several theories have been proposed.^[2] One theory is that "y-sh-' , the Hebrew consonants of Yeshua, have been reversed to give 's-y, the Arabic consonants of `Īsā."^[2] Another theory, according to the Encyclopedia of the Qur'an, is that "the Jews called Jesus "Esau" (Hebrew 'Esaw) out of hatred and that Muhammad learned this name from them not realizing that it was an insult." In support of this is the argument that the Arabic Esau is written as 'Isu, and that this may have been assimilated to `Īsā. Opposing this theory is the lack of evidence that the Jews ever called Jesus Esau. Further, a passage in the Quran charges Jews for insulting Jesus' mother ^{[Qur'an 4:156]} and that those Christians who were acquaintances of Muhammad would have corrected him had Muhammad not realized that it is a Jewish insult to Jesus.^[2] The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Esaw redirects here. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ...

A third theory is that the Qur'an deliberately used the word `Īsā to assimilate it to Musa (Moses) because they were sometimes paired. This also occurs in some modern languages, such as Slovak (Ježiš - Mojžiš) or Czech (Ježíš - Mojžíš). Other examples of assonant pairs include Ṭālūt-Ḏj̲ālūt (Saul and Goliath), Yād̲j̲ūdj-Mād̲j̲ūd̲j̲ (Gog and Magog), and so on.^[2] The last theory is that Christians in Arabia had coined the term `Īsā from the Syriac forms of Yeshu or Ishu. The Arabic words that are borrowed from Aramaic or Syriac are often employed by 'ayn . Furthermore, the Manichaean fragments provide an evidence for dropping the final 'ayin of the borrowed Hebrew terms. But there is no evidence that the term `Īsā had been in use in pre-Islamic times. "There is however a monastery in Syria known as `Īsāniyya as early as 571 C.E."^[2] Jahiliyyah or jahalia (Arabic: Ø¬Ø§Ù‡Ù„ÙŠØ©) is an Islamic concept of ignorance of divine guidance or the state of ignorance of the guidance from God[1] referring to the condition Arabs found themselves in pre-Islamic Arabian society prior to the revelation of the Quran. ...

Life

Birth

Muslims believe in the virginal conception of Jesus by Mary (ar: Maryam), which is recounted throughout several passages in the Qur'an. According to the Qur'anic narrative, Mary had withdrawn into a temple and was visited by the "Spirit of God," an agent of divine action or communication commonly identified in Islam with the angel Gabriel (ar: Jibreel) but also with the created spirit from God by which he enlivened Adam.^[5]^[6] He proclaimed to her the conception of Jesus. Mary was startled, for she had vowed her virginity to God and intended to retain it.^[7] The angel reassured her, stating that such a conception was easy for God, who wished to make from her a sign (āya) to men and a mercy (raḥma) from Him.^[8] The Qur'an describes the conception as the result of a creative decree made by God, similar to the creation of Adam. Some Qur'anic exegetes describe the event of conception as the angel's breathing into the cloak of Mary; which, upon putting it on, resulted in Jesus being conceived. Afterwards, Mary withdrew "to a distant place."^[3] Sura Maryam (Arabic: Ø³ÙˆØ±Ø© Ù…Ø±ÙŠÙ… ) (Mary) is the 19th sura of the Quran and is a Makkan sura. ... For the biological phenomenon of female-only reproduction, see Parthenogenesis. ... This article is about the archangel Gabriel. ... Michelangelos The Creation of Adam, a fresco on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, shows God creating Adam, with Eve in His arm. ...

After delivering Jesus, Mary was overtaken by the pangs of childbirth, resting near the trunk of a palm tree. Jesus then addressed her from the cradle, to instruct her to shake the tree and obtain its fruits, and also to allay Mary's fears of a scandal surrounding his conception. She then showed the new-born to her family, and in silencing immodest rumors he declared: "Lo, I am God's servant; God has given me the Book, and made me a Prophet. Blessed he has made me, wherever I may be; and He has enjoined me to pray, and to give alms, so long as I live, and likewise to cherish my mother."^[3]^[9]

Other references in hadith are: Hadith ( transliteration: ) are oral traditions relating to the words and deeds of Prophet Muhammad. ...

According to al-Tabari, this was due to the prayer of Mary's mother:"I seek refuge in you for her and her progeny from the accursed Satan."^[10] The authentic collection (Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ø¬Ø§Ù…Ø¹ Ø§Ù„ØµØÙŠØ, al-Jaami al-Sahih [1]) or popularly al-Bukharis authentic (Arabic: ØµØÙŠØ Ø§Ù„Ø¨Ø®Ø§Ø±ÙŠ, Sahih al-Bukhari) is one of the Sunni six major Hadith collections (Hadith are oral traditions recounting events in the lives of the Islamic prophet Muhammad ). Sunni view this as their most trusted collection. ... Balamis 14th century Persian version of Universal History by al-Tabari Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Jarir at-Tabari 838â€“923 (father of Jafar, named Muhammad, son of Jarir from the province of Tabaristan, Arabic Ø§Ù„Ø·Ø¨Ø±ÙŠ), was an author from Persia, one of the earliest, most prominent and famous Persian...

Mission

According to Islamic texts, Jesus was divinely chosen to preach the message of monotheism and submission to the will of God to the Children of Israel (banī isrā'īl). Muslims believe that God revealed to Jesus a new scripture, the Injīl (gospel), while also declaring the truth of the previous revelation, the Torah. The Qur'an speaks favorably of the Injīl, which it describes as a scripture that fills the hearts of its followers with meekness and pity. Muslims believe that these scriptures had become distorted over time in text, interpretation, or both.^[12] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 333 pixel Image in higher resolution (1789 Ã— 745 pixel, file size: 531 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The Jordan River and Kfar-Hanasi bridge http://www. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 333 pixel Image in higher resolution (1789 Ã— 745 pixel, file size: 531 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The Jordan River and Kfar-Hanasi bridge http://www. ... This article is about the Jordan River and its valley in western Asia. ... For the hip-hop producer with the same name, see John the Baptist (producer). ... For the Celtic Frost album, see Monotheist (album) In theology, monotheism (from Greek one and god) is the belief in the existence of one deity, or in the oneness of God. ... The Children of Israel, or Bnei Yisrael (×‘× ×™ ×™×©×¨××œ) in Hebrew (also Bnai Yisrael, Bnei Yisroel or Bene Israel) is a Biblical term for the Israelites. ... Direct Revelation is also known as â€œDialogue Revelationâ€ or â€œRevelation-Discourseâ€, where God or his angels communicates directly, in person, or by voice and impression or just by impression. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Tahrif (Arabic: â€Ž corruption, forgery; the stem-II verbal noun of the consonantal root , to make oblique) is an Arabic term used by Muslims with regard to words, and more specifically with regard to what Jews and Christians are supposed to have done to their respective Scriptures. ...

The Qur'an states that Jesus was aided by a group of disciples (hawāriyūn) who believed in Jesus' message, and termed themselves the ansār ("helpers") of God. He was also strengthened by the same holy spirit that visited his mother Mary.^[13] Jesus is also depicted in Islam as having been given miracles as evidence of his prophetic mission. Such miracles, all performed by the leave of God, include: speaking while still the cradle;^[14] breathing life into clay models of birds;^[15] curing a leper and a life-long blind man;^[16] raising the dead;^[16] and requesting the descent of a table from heaven upon which was a feast, upon petition of his disciples.^[17]^[3] Some Muslim accounts also relate that the Islamic prophet Yahya ibn Zakariyya (known otherwise as John the Baptist) traveled to Palestine and met Jesus at the Jordan river.^[18] For the hip-hop producer with the same name, see John the Baptist (producer). ... A 2003 satellite image of the region. ... This article is about the Jordan River and its valley in western Asia. ...

Ascension

Islamic texts categorically deny the crucifixion and death of Jesus at the hands of the Jews.^[3] The Qur'an states that the Jews sought to kill Jesus, but they did not kill nor crucify him, although a likeness of it was shown to them. Instead, he was raised alive unto God:^[20] This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...

According to some Muslim traditions, Jesus was replaced by a double; others suggest it was Simon of Cyrene, or one of the disciples such as Judas Iscariot. A minority of commentaries of Ismaili or rationalist (falāsifa) leaning affirmed the crucifixion by arguing that Jesus' body had been crucified, but his spirit had ascended. However, this interpretation was generally rejected, and according to the Encyclopedia of Islam, there was unanimous agreement amongst the scholars in denying the crucifixion.^[21] Modern commentators such as M. Hayek interpret the verse to say that the crucifixion "seemed thus to them" [i.e. the Jews].^[3] The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... According to the Gospel of Mark (15:21-22), Matthew (27:32), and Luke (23:26) Simon of Cyrene (שמעון Hearkening; listening, Standard Hebrew Šimʿon, Tiberian Hebrew Šimʿôn) was compelled by the Romans to carry the cross of Jesus as Jesus was taken to his crucifixion: And as they came... Iscariot redirects here. ... The IsmÄÊ¿Ä«lÄ« (Urdu: Ø§Ø³Ù…Ø§Ø¹ÛŒÙ„ÛŒ IsmÄÊ¿Ä«lÄ«, Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø³Ù…Ø§Ø¹ÙŠÙ„ÙŠÙˆÙ† al-IsmÄÊ¿Ä«liyyÅ«n; Persian: Ø§Ø³Ù…Ø§Ø¹ÛŒÙ„ÛŒØ§Ù† EsmÄÊ¿Ä«liyÄn) branch of Islam is the second largest part of the ShÄ«a community, after the Twelvers (IthnÄÊ¿ashariyya). ...

Second coming

Muslims believe that Jesus will return at a time close to the end of the world. One Qur'anic verse alludes to Jesus' future return as follows:^[3] For other uses, see Second Coming (disambiguation). ...

According to Islamic tradition, Jesus' descent will be in the midst of wars fought by the Mahdi (lit. "the rightly guided one"), known in Islamic eschatology as the redeemer of Islam, against the Antichrist (al-Masīh ad-Dajjāl, "false messiah") and his followers.^[22] Jesus will descend at the point of a white arcade in Damascus, dressed in yellow robes - his head anointed. He will then join the Mahdi in his war against the Dajjal. Jesus, considered in Islam as a Muslim, will abide by the Islamic teachings. Eventually, Jesus will slay the Dajjal, and then everyone from the people of the book (ahl al-kitāb, referring to Jews and Christians) will believe in him. Thus, there will be one community, that of Islam.^[3] The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Muhammad al-Mahdi. ... Islamic eschatology is concerned with the Qiyamah (end of the world; Last Judgement) and the final judgement of humanity. ... al-Dajjal sometimes spelled Dajal, (Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ø¯Ù‘Ø¬Ù‘Ø§Ù„, al-dajjÄl) (The Deceiver/impostor), also known as the false Messiah (see also: Antichrist) is an evil figure in Islamic eschatology, who will appear before Yawm al-Qiyamah (The Day of Resurrection, Judgement Day). ... For other uses, see Damascus (disambiguation). ...

After the death of the Mahdi, Jesus will assume leadership. This is a time associated in Islamic narrative with universal peace and justice. Islamic texts also allude to the appearance of Ya'juj and Ma'juj (known also as Gog and Magog), ancient tribes which will disperse and cause destruction on earth. God, in response to Jesus' prayers, will kill them by sending a type of worm in the napes of their necks.^[22] Jesus' rule is said to be around forty years, after which he will die. Muslims will then perform the funeral prayer for him and then bury him in the city of Medina in a grave left vacant beside Muhammad, Abu Bakr, and Umar (companions of Muhammad and the first and second Muslim caliphs respectively).^[3] Gog and Magog redirect here. ... Salat al-Janazah (Arabic: ) is a prayer recited by Muslims at Islamic funerals after the wrapping of the body and before the procession. ... Abu Bakr As Siddiq (Arabic ابو بكر الصديق, alternative spellings, Abubakar, Abi Bakr, Abu Bakar) (c. ... For other uses, see Umar (disambiguation). ... For main article see: Caliphate The Caliph (pronounced khaleef in Arabic) is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Sharia. ...

In Islamic thought

Jesus is described by various means in the Qur'an. The most common reference to Jesus occurs in the form of "Ibn Maryam" (son of Mary), sometimes preceded with another title. Jesus is also recognised as a prophet (nabī) and messenger (rasūl) of God. The terms wadjih ("worthy of esteem in this world and the next"), mubārak ("blessed", or "a source of benefit for others"), `abd-Allāh (servant of God) are all used in the Qur'an in reference to Jesus.^[3] Nabi can refer to the Arabic and Hebrew word for Prophet the Korean word for butterfly one of the Nabis, a group of artists in Paris in the 1890s the 2005 Typhoon Nabi North American Bus Industries, a major transit bus manufacturing company Nabi Biopharmaceuticals, a Biopharmaceutical company based in... In Islam, a rasul ( Ø±Ø³ÙˆÙ„) (Arabic: messenger, plural rusul) is a prophet sent by God (Allah in Arabic) with a revelation. ...

Another title frequently mentioned is al-Masīḥ, which translates to "the Messiah." This does not correspond to the Christian concept of Messiah, as Islam regards all prophets, including Jesus, to be mortal and without any share in divinity. Muslim exegetes explain the use of the word masīh in the Qur'an as referring to Jesus' status as the one anointed by means of blessings and honors; or as the one who helped cure the sick, by anointing the eyes of the blind, for example.^[3] Qur'anic verses also employ the term "kalimatullah" (meaning the "word of God") as a descriptor of Jesus, which is interpreted as a reference to the creating word of God, uttered at the moment of Jesus' conception;^[23] or as recognition of Jesus' status as a messenger of God, speaking on God's behalf.^[3] Masih is the Arabic word for Messiah. ... Messiah (Hebrew: , Standard Tiberian ; Aramaic: , Aramaic/Syriac: , ; Arabic: â€Ž, ) Literally, Messiah means The Anointed (One), typically someone anointed with holy anointing oil. ... Messiah (Hebrew: , Standard Tiberian ; Aramaic: , Aramaic/Syriac: , ; Arabic: â€Ž, ) Literally, Messiah means The Anointed (One), typically someone anointed with holy anointing oil. ...

Theology

Islamic texts regard Jesus as a righteous messenger of God, and reject him as being God or the begotten Son of God. This belief, according to Islam, is tantamount to shirk, or the association of partners with God; and thereby a rejection of God's divine oneness (tawhid).^[24] A verse from the Qur'an reads: Topics in Christianity Movements Â· Denominations Â· Other religions Ecumenism Â· Preaching Â· Prayer Music Â· Liturgy Â· Calendar Symbols Â· Art Â· Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul Â· Church Fathers Constantine Â· Athanasius Â· Augustine Anselm Â· Aquinas Â· Palamas Â· Luther Calvin Â· Wesley Arius Â· Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury Â· Catholic Pope Coptic Pope Â· Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box: Son of... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

The Christian doctrine of the Trinity is similarly rejected in Islam. Such notions of the divinity of Jesus, Muslims state, resulted from human interpolations of God's revelation.^[24] Islam views Jesus as an ordinary human being who preached that salvation came through submission to God's will and worshiping God alone. Thus, Jesus is considered in Islam to have been a Muslim, as with all prophets in Islam.^[26] This article is about the Christian Trinity. ... Tahrif (Arabic: â€Ž corruption, forgery; the stem-II verbal noun of the consonantal root , to make oblique) is an Arabic term used by Muslims with regard to words, and more specifically with regard to what Jews and Christians are supposed to have done to their respective Scriptures. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…Ø§Ù†, Turkish: MÃ¼slÃ¼man, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... The Quran identifies a number of men as prophets of Islam. ...

Precursor to Muhammad

Muslims believe that Jesus was a precursor to Muhammad, and that he announced the latter's coming. They base this on a verse of the Qur'an wherein Jesus speaks of a messenger to appear after him named Ahmad.^[27] Islam associates Ahmad with Muhammad, both words deriving from the h-m-d triconsonantal root which refers to praiseworthiness. Muslims also assert that evidence of Jesus' pronouncement is present in the New Testament, citing the mention of the Paraclete whose coming is foretold in the Gospel of John.^[28] Muslim commentators claim that the original Greek word used was periklutos, meaning famed, illustrious, or praiseworthy - rendered in Arabic as Ahmad; and that this was substituted by Christians with parakletos.^[3]^[29] () is the triconsonantal root of many Arabic words, and many of those words are used as names. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... This article is about the Christian scriptures. ... Look up Paraclete in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see Gospel of John (disambiguation). ...

Ascetic literature

Jesus is widely venerated in Muslim ascetic and mystic literature, such as in Muslim mystic Al-Ghazzali's Ihya `ulum ad-Din ("The revival of the religious sciences"). These works lay stress upon Jesus' poverty, his preoccupation with worship, his detachment from worldly life and his miracles. Such depictions also include advice and sermons which are attributed to him. Later Sufic commentaries adapted material from Christian gospels which were consistent with their ascetic portrayal. Sufi philosopher Ibn Arabi described Jesus as "the seal of universal holiness" due to the quality of his faith and "because he holds in his hands the keys of living breath and because he is at present in a state of deprivation and journeying."^[3] The word ascetic derives from the ancient Greek term askesis (practice, training or exercise). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Abu Hamid Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Ghazali (born 1058 in Tus, Khorasan province of Iran, died 1111, Tus) was a Persian Muslim theologian and philosopher, known as Algazel to the western medieval world. ... Sufism (Arabic: â€Ž - taá¹£awwuf, Kurdish Sufayeti, Persian: ØµÙˆÙÛŒâ€ŒÚ¯Ø±ÛŒ, sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf), is generally understood by scholars to be the inner or mystical dimension of Islam. ... For the Maliki scholar, see Ibn al-Arabi. ...

References to Jesus in the Qur'an

The widespread consensus is that the following verses were revealed in Mecca:^[2]

The list of verse belonging revealed in Medina are as follows:^[2] The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ...

The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ...

See also

Marcus Aurelius and members of the Imperial family offer sacrifice in gratitude for success against Germanic tribes: contemporary bas-relief, Capitoline Museum, Rome For other uses, see Sacrifice (disambiguation). ... Islamic eschatology is concerned with the Qiyamah (end of the world; Last Judgement) and the final judgement of humanity. ... The Infancy Gospel of Thomas is a non-canonical text that was part of a popular genre, aretalogy, of the 2nd and 3rd centuriesâ€” a miracle literature of Infancy gospels that was both entertaining and inspirational, written to satisfy a hunger for more miraculous and anecdotal stories of the childhood... The Quran, the central religious text of Islam, contains references to over fifty people also found in the Bible, typically in the same or similar narratives. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Topics in Christianity Movements Â· Denominations Ecumenism Â· Preaching Â· Prayer Music Â· Liturgy Â· Calendar Symbols Â· Art Â· Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul Â· Church Fathers Constantine Â· Athanasius Â· Augustine Anselm Â· Aquinas Â· Palamas Â· Luther Calvin Â· Wesley Arius Â· Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury Â· Catholic Pope Coptic Pope Â· Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box: Unitarianism is the belief...

Notes

^ The Oxford Dictionary of Islam, p.158
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Encyclopedia of the Qur'an, Jesus
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o "Isa", Encyclopedia of Islam
^ Fasching, deChant (2001) p. 241
^ Griffith, Sidney H. "Holy Spirit ." Encyclopaedia of the Quran
^ See:
- Qur'an ^{[Qur'an 19:17]}: "She placed a screen (to screen herself) from them; then We sent her our angel, and he appeared before her as a man in all respects."
- "Isa", Encyclopedia of Islam.
^ Qur'an ^{[Qur'an 21:91]} "And (remember) her who guarded her chastity: We breathed into her of Our spirit, and We made her and her son a sign for all peoples."
^ Qur'an ^{[Qur'an 19:19]}: "He said: "Nay, I am only a messenger from thy Lord, (to announce) to thee the gift of a holy son"; She said: "How shall I have a son, seeing that no man has touched me, and I am not unchaste?"; He said: "So (it will be): Thy Lord saith, 'that is easy for Me: and (We wish) to appoint him as a Sign unto men and a Mercy from Us':It is a matter (so) decreed."; So she conceived him, and she retired with him to a remote place."
^ Qur'an ^{[Qur'an 19:30]}
^ Mahmoud Ayoub (1992), p.94
^ "Yahya b. Zakariyya", Encyclopedia of Islam.
^ See:
- "Isa", Encyclopedia of Islam.
- Fasching, deChant (2001) p. 241
- ^{[Qur'an 5:45]}.
^ See:
- ^{[Qur'an 2:87]} ^{[Qur'an 2:253]} ^{[Qur'an 5:110]}), cf. Griffith, Sidney H. "Holy Spirit ." Encyclopaedia of the Quran
- Wherry, Sale (2000) p. 21
- "When Jesus found Unbelief on their part He said: "Who will be My helpers to (the work of) Allah?" Said the disciples: "We are Allah's helpers: We believe in Allah, and do thou bear witness that we are Muslims." ^{[Qur'an 3:52]}, ibid.
^ ^{[Qur'an 19:30]}
^ ^{[Qur'an 3:43]}
^ ^a ^b ^{[Qur'an 5:110]}
^ ^{[Qur'an 5:111]}
^ "Yahya b. Zakariyya", Encyclopedia of Islam.
^ Veitschegger, Karl. Jesus in den anderen Religionen. Retrieved on 2008-03-17.
^ Neal Robinson, Crucifixion, Encyclopedia of the Qur'an
^ The Encyclopedia of Islam further elaborates: "The denial, furthermore, is in perfect agreement with the logic of the Qur’an. The Biblical stories reproduced in it (e.g., Job, Moses, Joseph etc.) and the episodes relating to the history of the beginning of Islam demonstrate that it is “God's practice” (sunnat Allah ) to make faith triumph finally over the forces of evil and adversity. “So truly with hardship comes ease”, (XCIV, 5, 6). For Jesus to die on the cross would have meant the triumph of his executioners; but the Quran asserts that they undoubtedly failed: “Assuredly God will defend those who believe”; (XXII, 49). He confounds the plots of the enemies of Christ (III, 54)." (cf. `Isa, Encyclopedia of Islam)
^ ^a ^b Sonn (2004) p. 209
^ "She said: "O my Lord! How shall I have a son when no man hath touched me?" He said: "Even so: Allah createth what He willeth: When He hath decreed a plan, He but saith to it, 'Be,' and it is!" - ^{[Qur'an 3:47]}, cf. Encyclopedia of Islam
^ ^a ^b See:
- Esposito (2002) p. 32, 74;
- Fasching, deChant (2001) p. 241
- Markham and Ruparell (2001) p. 348
^ ^{[Qur'an 5:17]}, cf. Esposito (2002) p. 32
^ See:
- Khalidi (2001) p. 75;
- Fasching, deChant (2001) p. 241
^ "And remember, Jesus, the son of Mary, said: "O Children of Israel! I am the apostle of Allah (sent) to you, confirming the Law (which came) before me, and giving Glad Tidings of a Messenger to come after me, whose name shall be Ahmad." But when he came to them with Clear Signs, they said, 'this is evident sorcery!'" ^{[Qur'an 61:6]}
^ Gospel of John: 14:16, 14:26, 16:7
^ Watt (1991) pp. 33-34

class="preview" id="pv343"> The Oxford Dictionary of Islam is a dictionary of Islam, with John Esposito as editor-in-chief. ... Encyclopedia of Quran (EQ) is an scholarly work published by Brill Academic Publishers. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ...

References

Anawati, G. C. "`Īsā". Encyclopaedia of Islam Online. Ed. P.J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Brill Academic Publishers, ISSN 1573-3912.
Ayoub, Mahmoud title=The Qur'an and Its Interpreters (1992). {{{title}}}. State University of New York Press US. ISBN 0791409937.
Esposito, J. L. (2002). What Everyone Needs to Know About Islam. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 0-19-515713-3.
Fasching, D. J.; deChant, D. (2001). Comparative Religious Ethics: A Narrative Approach. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0631201254.
Khalidi, T. (2001). The Muslim Jesus: Sayings and Stories in Islamic Literature. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674004779.
Markham, I. S.; Ruparell, T. (2001). Encountering Religion: An Introduction to the Religions of the World. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0631206744.
Rippin, A. "Yahya b. Zakariya". Encyclopaedia of Islam Online. Ed. P.J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Brill Academic Publishers, ISSN 1573-3912.
Sonn, Tamarra (2004). A Brief History of Islam. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 1405121742.
Watt, W. M. (1991). Muslim-Christian Encounters: Perceptions and Misperceptions. Routledge. ISBN 0415054109.
Wherry, E. M.; Sale, G. (2000). A Comprehensive Commentary on the Qurán: Comprising Sale's Translation and Preliminary Discourse (vol. II). Routledge. ISBN 0415231884.
Tarif Khalidi (2003). The Muslim Jesus: Sayings and Stories in Islamic Literature. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674011155.

The Encyclopaedia of Islam (EI) is the standard encyclopaedia of the academic discipline of Islamic studies. ... For the pianist named John Esposito, see John Esposito (pianist). ... The Encyclopaedia of Islam (EI) is the standard encyclopaedia of the academic discipline of Islamic studies. ...

External links

Prophets of Islam are male human beings who are regarded by Muslims to be prophets chosen by God. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... The Qurâ€™Än [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... Adam is the first Prophet of Islam and mentioned in the Quran as the husband of Eve (Hawwa). ... Idris (Arabic: Ø¥Ø¯Ø±ÙŠØ³ ) is a Prophet in Islam. ... Nuh is a prophet in the Quran. ... Hud (Arabic Ù‡ÙˆØ¯) is a prophet in the Quran. ... Saleh (Arabic: ØµØ§Ù„Ø) is a prophet of Islam and is mentioned in the Quran. ... For information on the racehorse, see Ibrahim (horse) (Arabic: ), the biblical patriarch Abraham, is an important prophet in Islam, son of Azar, and the father of the Prophet Ismail (Ishmael), his firstborn son, who is considered the Father of the Arabs. ... Lut (circa 1781 BC - 1638 BC?[1] [2]), (Arabic: Ù„ÙˆØ· ) was a prophet mentioned in the Quran and known as Lot in the Bible. ... In Islam, Ishmael is known as the first-born son of Abraham (Ibrahim in Arabic) from Hagar, and as an appointed prophet and messenger (Rasul) of God. ... This article or section is incomplete and may require expansion and/or cleanup. ... Yaqub (in Syriac: ÜÜ°Ü¥Ü©Ü½Ü˜Ü’) is a common Syriac and Arabic name. ... This is a sub-article to Joseph (Hebrew Bible). ... In Islam, Job is known as an appointed prophet and messenger (Rasul) of God. ... Image File history File links Mosque. ... Michelangelos The Creation of Adam, a fresco on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, shows God creating Adam, with Eve in His arm. ... Enoch (Hebrew: ×—Ö²× ×•Ö¹×šÖ°; Tiberian: , Standard: ) is a name occurring twice in the generations of Adam. ... This article is about the biblical Noah. ... Eber (×¢Öµ×‘Ö¶×¨, Standard Hebrew , Tiberian Hebrew , Arabic: Ù‡ÙˆØ¯) is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. ... For other uses, see Abraham (name) and Abram (disambiguation). ... According to the Bible and the Quran, Lot (Hebrew: , Standard Tiberian ; Arabic: Ù„ÙˆØ·, ; Hidden, covered[1]) was the nephew of the patriarch, Abraham or Abram. ... Hagar and Ishmael in the Wilderness, by Karel Dujardin Ishmael (Hebrew: ×™Ö´×©Ö°××žÖ¸×¢Öµ××œ, Standard Tiberian ; Arabic: Ø¥Ø³Ù…Ø§Ø¹ÙŠÙ„, IsmÄÄ«l) was Abrahams eldest son, born by his wifes handmaiden Hagar. ... Sacrifice of Isaac, a detail from the sarcophagus of the Roman consul Junius Bassus, ca. ... This article is about Jacob in the Hebrew Bible. ... Joseph interprets the dream of the Pharaoh. ... William Blakes imagining of Satan inflicting boils on Job. ... Shoaib (Arabic: â€Ž ; also ShuÊ•ayb, ShuÊ•aib, Shuaib, literally Who Shows the Right Path), is traditionally associated with the biblical figure Jethro. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Harun (Arabic: Ù‡Ø§Ø±ÙˆÙ† ) was a prophet of Islam mentioned in the Quran. ... Dhul-Kifl (Arabic Ø°Ùˆ Ø§Ù„ÙƒÙÙ„ ) is considered by Muslims to be either a prophet of Islam or simply a righteous man mentioned in the Quran. ... In Islam, David is known as an appointed prophet and messenger (Rasul) of God. ... Sulayman (SÃ¼leyman, Sulaiman, Suleyman, Suleiman) (Arabic: Ø³Ù„ÙŠÙ…Ø§Ù†) is a prophet in the Quran, which assumes that he is King Solomon of the Bible. ... Ilyas is a prophet in the Quran. ... Al-Yasa is a prophet in the Quran. ... Yunus (Jonah) is one of the prophets of Islam whose story is recounted in the Quran. ... Zakariya (Arabic: Ø²ÙƒØ±ÙŠØ§), the New Testament priest Zechariah or Zacharias, is one of the prophets mentioned in the Quran. ... Muhammad in a new genre of Islamic calligraphy started in the 17th century by Hafiz Osman. ... Jethro (Hebrew: ×™Ö´×ªÖ°×¨×•Ö¹, Standard Yitro Tiberian ; His Excellence/Posterity) is a figure from the Hebrew Bible. ... Moses with the Tablets, 1659, by Rembrandt This article is about the Biblical figure. ... The Adoration of the Golden Calf by Nicolas Poussin Aaron (Hebrew: , Standard Tiberian ), or Aaron the Levite (flourished about 1200 B.C.), was, according to biblical accounts, one of two brothers who play a unique part in the history of the Hebrew people. ... Ezekiel, , IPA: , God will strengthen, from , chazaq, [ xazaq ], literally to fasten upon, figuratively strong, and , el, [ el ], literally strength, figuratively Almighty. He is a prophet and priest in the Bible who prophesied for 22 years sometime in the 500s BCE while in the form of visions exiled in... This page is about the Biblical king David. ... This article is about the Biblical character . ... Elijah, 1638, by JosÃ© de Ribera This article is about the prophet in the Hebrew Bible. ... Not to be confused with Elishah. ... For other uses, see Jonah (disambiguation). ... According to the Gospel of Luke, Zechariah (Zacharias in the King James Version of the Bible) was a priest of the line of Abijah, during the reign of King Herod the Great, and was the father of John the Baptist and husband of Elizabeth, a woman from the priestly family... For the hip-hop producer with the same name, see John the Baptist (producer). ... This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ... For other people named Muhammad, see Muhammad (disambiguation). ...

Contents