JDL logo. The motto "Never Again" refers to the victims of the Holocaust, and those who fought against it

The Jewish Defense League (JDL) is a militant Jewish organization whose stated goal is to protect Jews from anti-Semitism.^[1] It was founded by Rabbi Meir Kahane in New York City in 1968, with a self-described purpose of protecting Hasidic Jews from harassement in Brooklyn, and to protest against local manifestations of anti-Semitism.^[2][3] In its report Terrorism 2000/2001, the FBI referred to the organization as a "violent extremist Jewish organization."^[4] The Terrorism Knowledge Base refers to it as being, during it first two decades of activity, an "active terrorist organization based in the U.S."; the same source, however, states that the JDL does not currently engage in terrorist actions.^[2] Image File history File links JDLlogo. ... Image File history File links JDLlogo. ... For other uses, see Holocaust (disambiguation) and Shoah (disambiguation). ... The Eternal Jew: 1937 German poster. ... For the town in Italy, see Rabbi, Italy. ... Rabbi Meir David Kahane (‎, also known by the pseudonyms Michael King, David Sinai and Hayim Yerushalmi, 1 August 1932 – 5 November 1990) was an American-Israeli Orthodox rabbi, author, political activist, and a former member of the Israeli Knesset. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Hasidic Judaism (Hebrew: Chasidut חסידות) is a Haredi Jewish religious movement. ... This article is about the borough of New York City. ... The Eternal Jew: 1937 German poster. ... The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a federal criminal investigative, intelligence agency, and the primary investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ... The MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base (TKB) is an online portal containing information on terrorist incidents, leaders, groups, and related court cases. ...

Assassination of Kahane

In 1990 the JDL's founder, Meir Kahane, was assassinated ^[5] by a gunman during a Zionist conference in New York City. The police shot and apprehended the suspected perpetrator, El Sayyid Nosair, an Egyptian-born Muslim extremist, but Nosair was acquitted by the jury.^[6] The murder investigation remains open.^[7] New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... El Sayyid Nosair (born November 16, 1955) is an Egyptian-born American citizen and terrorist involved in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing. ...

Imprisonment and deaths of Irv Rubin and Earl Krugel

On December 12, 2001, Irv Rubin, JDL International Chairman, and Earl Krugel, a member of the organization, were charged with conspiracy to commit acts of terrorism. Authorities claimed that the two planned attacks on Arab-American Congressman Darrell Issa's office, and on the King Fahd Mosque in Culver City, California. is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... Irving David Rubin (April 12, 1945 – November 13, 2002) was chairman of the militant Jewish Defense League from 1985 to 2002. ... Earl Leslie Krugel (1942/43? – November 4, 2005) was the West Coast coordinator of the Jewish Defense League (JDL). ... Arab Americans are Americans of Arab ancestry and constitute an ethnicity made up of several waves of immigrants from twenty-two Arab countries, stretching from Morocco in the west to Oman in the south east to Iraq in the north. ... Darrell E. Issa (pronounced Eye-suh) (born November 1, 1953) is an American politician and former CEO of a consumer electronics company. ... King Fahd of Saudi Arabia King Fahd bin Abdul Aziz (born in Riyadh in 1923) is the king and prime minister of Saudi Arabia and leader of the House of Saud. ... A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ... Motto: The Heart of Screenland Location of Culver City in California Coordinates: Country United States of America State California County Los Angeles Incorporated (city) 1917-09-07 [2] Government  - City Manager Jerry Fulwood [1] Area  - City  5. ...

Rubin maintained that he was innocent, and was reportedly eager to wage a vigorous court battle in his defense. On November 4, 2002, at the federal Metropolitan Detention Center in Los Angeles, California, Rubin fell 18 feet to the concrete floor below. He was in a coma for 10 days before dying on November 13. The prison's official report was that he slashed his own neck before throwing himself over the railing.^[8] Many have noted that this was an unusual method of committing suicide, and although the incident has been ruled a suicide, some of Rubin's supporters have alleged murder. Also see: 2002 (number). ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Los Angeles and L.A. redirect here. ... is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Suicide (disambiguation). ...

On February 4, 2003, Earl Krugel pled guilty to conspiracy and weapons charges stemming from the terrorist plot, and was expected to serve up to 20 years in prison. He was murdered by another inmate while at the Federal Correctional Institution in north Phoenix, Arizona on November 4, 2005. February 4, 2003 Federal Republic of Yugoslavia renamed to Serbia and Montenegro with a new constitution converting the federal republic to a loose union. Sheikh Abu Hamza al-Masri was removed from his position as an agent of Finsbury Park mosque. ... Earl Leslie Krugel (1942/43? – November 4, 2005) was the West Coast coordinator of the Jewish Defense League (JDL). ... In the criminal law, a conspiracy is an agreement between natural persons to break the law at some time in the future, and, in some cases, with at least one overt act in furtherance of that agreement. ... A prison is a place in which individuals are physically confined or interned and usually deprived of a range of personal freedoms. ... Nickname: Location in Maricopa County and the state of Arizona Coordinates: , Country State Counties Maricopa Incorporated February 25, 1881 Government  - Type Council-Manager  - Mayor Phil Gordon (D) Area  - City  515. ... 4 November 2005 (Friday) Clashes continue in Debre Berhan, while government forces succeed in pacifying Bahir Dar and Awasa. ...

Schism, and its immediate aftermath

After Rubin's death in November 2002, Bill Maniaci was appointed interim chairman by Shelley Rubin. Around two years later, the Jewish Defense League became mired in a state of modest upheaval over legal control of the organization. 2002 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December A timeline of events in the news for November, 2002. ...

In October 2004, Maniaci rejected Shelley Rubin's call for him to resign; as a result, Maniaci was stripped of his title and membership. At that point the JDL split into two separate factions, each vying for legal control of the associated "intellectual property." During that period the sides operated as separate organizations with the same name, while a lengthy legal battle ensued. Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In April 2005, the original domain name of the organization, jdl.org, was suspended by Network Solutions due to allegation of infringement; the organization went back online soon thereafter at domain name jewishdefenseleague.org. Network Solutions, LLC.—a technology company founded in 1979—was the first registrar of domain names. ...

In April 2006, news of a settlement was announced in which signatories agreed to not object to "Shelley Rubin's titles of permanent chairman and CEO of JDL."^[9] The agreement also confirmed that "the name 'Jewish Defense League,' the acronym 'JDL,' and the 'Fist and Star' logo are the exclusive intellectual property of JDL." (Opponents of both groups claim that these symbols are Kahanist symbols and not the exclusive property of JDL. Others point out that the logo is no longer in general use by the Kahanist groups.) The agreement also states: "Domain names registered on behalf of JDL, including but not limited to jdl.org and jewishdefenseleague.org, are owned and operated by JDL." Meanwhile, the opposing group formed B'nai Elim. B'nai Elim is the latest of many JDL splinter groups to have formed over the years, a list which also includes Victor Vancier's Jewish Task Force. Speaking: US-born Rabbi Meir Kahane, leader of the Kach party in the Knesset. ... Bnai Elim is a Jewish organization founded by the former leaders of the remnant of Rabbi Meir Kahanes Jewish Defense League. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ...

In France there exists an organization, Ligue de Défense Juive (LDJ), that is similar to the original JDL. It is not connected in any way to the current JDL organization. ^{[citation needed]}

Anti-Soviet activities

The Jewish Defense League during the early seventies campaigned to allow the emigration of Soviet Jews from the Soviet Union. The organization was linked with a 1970 bomb explosion outside of Aeroflot's New York City office, and a 1971 detonation outside of Soviet cultural offices in Washington, D.C. Also in 1971, a JDL member allegedly fired a rifle into the Soviet Union's mission office at the United Nations. In 1972 two JDL members were arrested and charged with bomb possession and burglary in a conspiracy to blow up the Long Island residence of the Soviet Mission to the UN. The two JDL members pleaded guilty and were sentenced to serve 3 years in prison for one, and a year and a day for the other. Historical background As waves of anti-Jewish pogroms and expulsions from the countries of Western Europe marked the last centuries of the Middle Ages, a sizable portion of the Jewish populations there moved to the more tolerant countries of Central and Eastern Europe, as well as the Middle East. ... Aeroflot — Russian Airlines (MICEX:AFLT RTS:AFLT) (Russian: Аэрофлот — Российские авиалинии), Aeroflot — Rossiiskie Avialinii, or Aeroflot (Аэрофлот; literally air fleet), is the Russian national airline and the biggest carrier in Russia. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... For other uses, see Washington, D.C. (disambiguation). ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... This article is about the island in New York State. ... This article is about the United Nations, for other uses of UN see UN (disambiguation) Official languages English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Arabic Secretary-General Kofi Annan (since 1997) Established October 24, 1945 Member states 191 Headquarters New York City, NY, USA Official site http://www. ...

In 1975, JDL leader Meir Kahane was accused of conspiring to kidnap a Soviet diplomat, to bomb the Iraqi Embassy in Washington, and to ship arms abroad from Israel. A hearing was held to revoke Kahane's probation for a 1971 firebomb-making incident. He was found guilty of violating probation and served a one year prison sentence. JDL activities were condemned by Moscow refuseniks who felt that the group's actions were making it less likely that the Soviet Union would relax restrictions on Jewish emigration. On April 6, 1976, six prominent refuseniks, Vladimir Slepak, Alexander Lerner, Anatoly Shcharansky, and Iosif Begun condemned the JDL's activities as "terrorist acts," stating "Such actions constitute a danger for Soviet Jews... as they might be used by the authorities as a pretext for new repressions and for instigating anti-Semitic hostilities."^[10] A diplomatic mission is a group of people from one nation state present in another nation state to represent the sending state in the receiving State. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Molotov cocktail is the generic name for a variety of crude incendiary weapons. ... For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ... The word refusenik entered English language as a part of the Cold War lexicon to refer to those who were refused certain human rights, notably forbidden to emigrate. ... Natan Sharansky (Russian: Натан Щаранский, born January 20, 1948) is a notable Soviet dissident, Israeli politician and an author. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...

During the 1980s, the then JDL Chairman and current Jewish Task Force Chairman Victor Vancier ^{[citation needed]} led a campaign of bombing Soviet targets which he credits as the reason for the complete removal of the ban of Jewish emigration from the Soviet Union and as well as the reason for the fall of the Soviet Union. He has said that the bombings brought strains in US-Soviet relations which he says helped the cause. The 1980s refers to the years from 1980 to 1989. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... A screenshot of the JTF website. ...

Canadian branch activities

Meir Weinstein, also known as Meir Halevi, is the longtime chairman of the JDL in Canada. The Canadian group resumed activities in 2006 after a long absence.^[11] Since their reactivation, they have counter-protested against pro-Palestinian activists, picketed a conference on "Israeli apartheid" at the University of Toronto, protested the Ontario Secondary School Teachers Federation for considering support of a boycott of Israel, and protested the construction of a mosque led by an alleged "Islamist."^{[12][13][14][15]} In April 2007, JDL Canada organized a picket outside of Paul Fromm's disciplinary hearing at the Ontario College of Teachers. This led to two arrests after JDL activists were accused of assaulting the controversial far-right figure.^[16] Meir Weinstein (also known as Meir Halevi) is the national director of Jewish Defense League Canada. ... It has been suggested that one solution has to be found for a series of articles including this article. ... The University of Toronto (U of T) is a public research university in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ... The Ontario Secondary School Teachers Federation (OSSTF) is a trade union which represents 50,000 members across Ontario, Canada. ... Islamism is a political ideology derived from the conservative religious views of Muslim fundamentalism. ... Frederick Paul Fromm (born January 3, 1949), known as Paul Fromm, is a Canadian far-right political figure. ...

Terrorism

The Federal Bureau of Investigation has described the Jewish Defense League in Congressional testimony as a "violent" and "extremist" group.^[17] It identified the group in a 1999 terrorism report as the perpetrator of several bombing and arson incidents that took place between 1980 and 1989. Mary Doran, an FBI street agent, described the JDL in 2004 Congressional testimony as "a proscribed terrorist group," although Doran also acknowledged that she is not involved in "policy and administrative decision-making processes."^[18] In 2001, JDL leaders Irv Rubin and Earl Krugel were charged with planning a terror attack against the office of Arab-American Congressman Darrell Issa.^[19] F.B.I. and FBI redirect here. ... The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a federal criminal investigative, intelligence agency, and the primary investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ... Irving David Rubin (April 12, 1945 – November 13, 2002) was chairman of the militant Jewish Defense League from 1985 to 2002. ... Earl Leslie Krugel (1942/43? – November 4, 2005) was the West Coast coordinator of the Jewish Defense League (JDL). ... Arab Americans are Americans of Arab ancestry and constitute an ethnicity made up of several waves of immigrants from twenty-two Arab countries, stretching from Morocco in the west to Oman in the south east to Iraq in the north. ... Darrell E. Issa (pronounced Eye-suh) (born November 1, 1953) is an American politician and former CEO of a consumer electronics company. ...

The Jewish Defense League denies that it is a terrorist organization or a sponsor of terror. Its website states: "The Jewish Defense League unconditionally condemns terrorism of all forms. Terrorism is never a legitimate means to the furtherance of political goals."^[20]

In a 1984 interview with Washington Post correspondent Carla Hall, Meir Kahane admitted that the JDL "bombed the Russian mission in New York, the Russian cultural mission here [Washington] in 1971, the Soviet trade offices."^[21]

According to the Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs is a magazine published in Washington, D.C. that focuses on news and analysis from and about the Middle East and U.S. policy in that region[1]. The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs is a 100-page magazine published 9 times...

Similarly, the National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism (or MIPT) maintains a database of identified terrorist organizations compiled by official contractors and consultants to the United States government wherein the JDL is identified as a terrorist organization.^[23] The National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism (MIPT) is a non-profit organization founded in response to the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing. ...

In addition, the JDL has often expressed support for acts of vengeance in reprisal to Arab terrorist attacks on Jews. On October 26, 1981 after two firebombs damaged the Egyptian Tourist Office at Rockefeller Center, JDL Chairman Meir Kahane said at a press conference: "I'm not going to say that the JDL bombed that office. There are laws against that in this country. But I'm not going to say I mourn for it either." The next day, an anonymous caller claimed responsibility on behalf of the JDL. A JDL spokesman later denied his group's involvement, but said "We support the act."^[24] Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... Lower Plaza at Rockefeller Center. ...

Similarly, when Arab-American and Palestinian activist Alex Odeh was killed by a bomb in his offices, chairman Irv Rubin was suspected and went on record stating that "Odeh got what he deserved."^[25] The case against the JDL and Rubin was subsequently dropped when the primary suspects fled to Israel, but was renewed again when Alex Odeh was an Arab-American leader who was killed in a October 11, 1985 bombing at his office in Santa Ana, California. ...

Hebron massacre

On 25 February 1994, a JDL member opened fire on Palestinian Muslims kneeling in prayer at mosque in the West Bank city of Hebron, killing 29. The incident is referred to as the Cave of the Patriarchs massacre. A statement on the official website of the JDL defends Baruch Goldstein and his crime, claiming him as one of their own: The facade and minarets of the Cave of the Patriarchs. ... Baruch Kappel Goldstein (December 9 or December 12, 1956–February 25, 1994, ‎) was an American-Israeli physician who perpetrated the 1994 Cave of the Patriarchs massacre in the city of Hebron, murdering 29 Arab attendants of the Ibrahimi Mosque (within the Cave of the Patriarchs) and wounding another 150 in...

"Dr. Goldstein was a brilliant surgeon, a mild-mannered Yeshiva-educated man who was promoted to the rank of major in the IDF. He was warned by his superiors in the military to prepare an open field hospital in anticipation of another murderous attack by the hostile Arab population of Hevron during the Jewish festival of Purim. Many of these Arabs were standing outside Goldstein's synagogue in the Cave of the Patriarchs and yelling "Slaughter the Jew." Goldstein had lost 30 close friends in the last few years; they were murdered by Arabs in the Hevron-Kiryat Arba area. One of those was the son of his best friend, Mordechai Lapid; as Goldstein rushed to give the young man medical aid, he was held back by the Arabs on the scene and the young man died. Additionally, as there is proof that the Arabs were hoarding food and supplies in response to a Muslim call for a massacre on the Jewish holiday of Purim, we feel that Goldstein took a preventative measure against yet another Arab attack on Jews. We understand his motivation, his grief and his actions. And we are not ashamed to say that Goldstein was a charter member of the Jewish Defense League."^[27]

Goldstein is revered as a saint by extreme right-wingers in Israel and his tomb was converted into a shrine by his supporters until its dismantlement by the Israeli authorities in 1999.^[28]

Relationship with Death Row Records

During Dr.Dre’s defection from Ruthless Records (during which time Eazy-E was allegedly physically harmed by Suge Knight), there was a fear of further violence. Ruthless Records executives, Mike Klein and Jerry Heller sought assistance from the Jewish Defense League (JDL).^[29] Mike Klein, former Ruthless Records director of business affairs said "The Defense League offered to provide bodyguards to Eazy-E when Knight allegedly threatened him in the early 1990s." This provided Ruthless Records with muscle to enter into negotiations with Death Row Records over Dr. Dre’s departure. While Suge Knight violently sought an outright release from Ruthless Records for Dr. Dre, the JDL and Ruthless records management were able to sit down with Death Row and negotiate a release in which the record label would continue to receive money and publishing rights from future Dr. Dre projects. It was under these terms Dr. Dre left Ruthless Records and formed Death Row Records with Suge Knight. Dr. Dre (born Andre Young on February 18, 1965 in Los Angeles, California) is an African-American record producer, rapper, and record executive, one of the most successful and well-known producers in the field of hip hop music. ... Ruthless Records was the name of two different record labels, a Chicago punk label, and a Los Angeles hip hop label. ... Eazy-E (Eric Wright) (September 7, 1963 - March 26, 1995) was an African-American rapper, record producer, and record executive who initially rose to fame as a member of the group N.W.A.. Born in Compton, California, Eazy-E dropped out of Compton High School while in tenth grade... Suge Knight, CEO of Death Row Records Marion Knight, Jr. ... Ruthless Records was the name of two different record labels, a Chicago punk label, and a Los Angeles hip hop label. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Death Row Records is a record label that was founded in 1991 by Daniel Trifkovic and Nuri Yargi, and was once home to some of raps biggest names, including Tupac Shakur, Dr. Dre, Snoop Doggy Dogg and Tha Dogg Pound, (Kurupt and Daz). ...

The FBI launched a money laundering investigation, assuming the JDL was extorting money from Ruthless Records. This led to JDL spokesperson Irv Rubin to issue a press release stating "there was nothing but a close, tight relationship" between Eazy-E and the League. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a federal criminal investigative, intelligence agency, and the primary investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ... Money laundering is the practice of engaging in financial transactions in order to conceal the identity, source and destination of the money in question. ... Irving David Rubin (April 12, 1945 – November 13, 2002) was chairman of the militant Jewish Defense League from 1985 to 2002. ...

Jerry Heller has explained JDL’s involvement with Ruthless Records for even more reasons than the FBI investigated. Heller has acknowledged that Eazy E received death threats, and it was discovered that he was on hit list by some white power skinheads. The FBI never bothered to inform Eazy that his life was in danger. Heller has speculated that it may have been because of the song "Fuck Tha Police". Heller said "It was no secret that in the aftermath of the Suge Knight shake down incident where Eazy was forced to sign over Dr. Dre, Michele and DOC, that Ruthless was protected by Israeli trained/ connected security forces."^[30] Heller maintains that Eazy E admired the group for their slogan Never Again, and that he had plans to do a movie about the group. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... This article is about the N.W.A. song. ...

Official JDL positions

The JDL adheres to five fundamental principles, which as of July 2007 were listed on its website as:

• LOVE OF JEWRY: pride in and knowledge of Jewish tradition, faith, culture, land, history, strength, pain and peoplehood
• DIGNITY AND PRIDE: the need to both move to help Jews everywhere and to change the Jewish image through sacrifice and all necessary means -- even strength, force and violence.
• IRON: the need to both move to help Jews everywhere and to change the Jewish image through sacrifice and all necessary means -- even strength, force and violence.
• DISCIPLINE AND UNITY: the knowledge that he (or she) can and will do whatever must be done, and the unity and strength of willpower to bring this into reality.
• FAITH IN THE INDESTRUCTIBILITY OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE: Faith in the greatness and indestructibility of the Jewish people, our religion and our Land of Israel.

The JDL encourages, per its principle of the "Love of Jewry", that "...[I]n the end...the Jew can look to no one but another Jew for help and that the true solution to the Jewish problem is the liquidation of the Exile and the return of all Jews to Eretz Yisroel -- the land of Israel."^[31] The JDL elaborates on this fundamental principle by insisting upon an "immediate need to place Judaism over any other 'ism' and ideology and...use of the yardstick: 'Is it good for Jews?'"^[32] The JDL considers Evangelical Christian attempts to convert Jews as "perhaps the most dangerous form of anti-Semitism present in the United States today".^[33]

The JDL espouses the official doctrine that outside of Jews there is historically no people corresponding to the Palestinian ethnicity. Writing on its official website, the JDL claims: "[T]he first mention of a "Palestinian people" dates from the aftermath of the 1967 war, when the local Arabic-speaking communities...were retrospectively endowed with a contrived "nationhood"...taken from Jewish history..." and that "Clearly, since Roman times "Palestinian" had meant Jews until the Arab's recent adoption of this identity in order to claim it as their land."^[34] On this basis, the JDL argues that "Zionism [should be] under no obligation to accommodate a separate "Palestinian" claim, there being no historical evidence or witness for any such Arab category," and considers Palestinian claims to be "Arab usurpation" of proper Jewish title.^[35] These official positions of the JDL run contrary to widely accepted historical evidence which shows that the usage of "Filasteeni" (Arabic pronunciation of Palestini, derived from Herodous' usage Palaestina, or Παλαιστινη) goes back to at least c. C.E. 700^[36] and was still a widely used term for the people in the greater Jerusalem area as of 1911.^[37] The term Palestinian has other usages, for which see definitions of Palestinian. ...

The JDL is officially "against inter-racial marriage", which it defines as any marriage between a Jew and a non-Jew.^[38] However, the JDL states it is not a racist organization. As evidence, it mentions the aid it has given Arab immigrants to the United States. The group has stated, "It has always been a JDL priority to encourage as many Arabs as possible to leave Israel to make new homes in America or wherever they wish to live."^[39]

Criticism of the JDL

The JDL has been criticized by the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) for presenting a "gross distortion" of the real situation of American Jews.^[40] The ADL states that JDL's founder, Meir Kahane, "preached a radical form of Jewish nationalism which reflected racism, violence and political extremism".^[41] The ADL says that those attitudes were replicated by Irv Rubin, the successor to Kahane.^[42] The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) has added the JDL to its list of watched hate groups.^[43][44] The Anti-Defamation League (or ADL) is an advocacy group founded by Bnai Brith in the United States whose stated aim is to stop, by appeals to reason and conscience and, if necessary, by appeals to law, the defamation of the Jewish people. ... The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) is an American non-profit legal organization, whose stated purpose is to combat racism and promote civil rights through research, education and litigation. ...

JDL chairmen

• 1968-71 - Rabbi Meir Kahane.
• 1971-73 - David Fisch, a religious Columbia University student, who later wrote articles for Jewish magazines wrote the book "Jews for Nothing."
• 1973-74 - no chairman. There was infighting until Rabbi Kahane returned in August 1974.
• 1974-76 - Russel Kelner, originally from Philadelphia. Formerly a US Army lieutenant trained in counter-guerrilla warfare, he moved to New York City to direct the JDL's paramilitary camp JEDEL, and later to run the national office as chairman.
• 1976-78 - Bonnie Pechter.
• September 1978-December 1978 - Victor Vancier, imprisoned for bombing Egyptian targets in a failed effort to stop Israel's withdrawal from the Sinai Peninsula.
• 1979-81 - Brett Becker, originally from South Florida. He came to New York City to become chairman.
• 1981-83 - Meir Jolowitz, originally from Arizona. He also came to New York City.
• 1983-84 - Fern Sidman, national director.
• 1984-1987 - Victor Vancier. In 1985, Irv Rubin also claimed to be chairman but none of the JDL chapters outside of Los Angeles supported him.^{[citation needed]}
• 1987-2002 - Irv Rubin.
• 2002-present - Shelley Rubin. (For information on a period of disputed leadership, October 2004 through April 2006, see Schism and its immediate aftermath.)

Rabbi Meir David Kahane (‎, also known by the pseudonyms Michael King, David Sinai and Hayim Yerushalmi, 1 August 1932 – 5 November 1990) was an American-Israeli Orthodox rabbi, author, political activist, and a former member of the Israeli Knesset. ... Columbia University is a private research university in the United States and a member of the prestigious Ivy League. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... Nickname: Motto: Philadelphia maneto - Let brotherly love endure Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: , Country Commonwealth County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Government  - Mayor John F. Street (D) Area  - City 369. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... A paramilitary organization is a group of civilians trained and organized in a military fashion. ... A screenshot of the JTF website. ... Sinai Peninsula, Gulf of Suez (west), Gulf of Aqaba (east) from Space Shuttle STS-40 For other uses of the word Sinai, please see: Sinai (disambiguation). ... Location of metropolitan area in the state of Florida Major cities Miami, Florida Fort Lauderdale, Florida West Palm Beach, Florida Area  - Total  - Water 15,896 km² (6,137 mi²) 2,621 km² (1,011 mi²) 16. ... Official language(s) English Spoken language(s) English 74. ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,290. ... Irving David Rubin (April 12, 1945 – November 13, 2002) was chairman of the militant Jewish Defense League from 1985 to 2002. ... Shelley Rubin, former wife of late JDL chairman Irv Rubin, is currently the chairman of the right wing group Jewish Defense League. ... JDL logo. ...

Footnotes

See also

• Kach and Kahane Chai
• Kahanism
• Jewish Task Force
• Jewish Defense Organization

The logo of the Kach party. ... Speaking: US-born Rabbi Meir Kahane, leader of the Kach party in the Knesset. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... The Jewish Defense Organization is a small Jewish nationalist organization in the United States, which through its swift and energetic response on issues that other Jewish organizations are often unwilling to tackle has obtained media publicity as widespread (if not usually as favorable) as that of some mainstream Jewish groups. ...

External links

• Jewish Defense League
• Jewish Defence League Canada
• Security Management's page on terrorist allegations
• Criminal Complaint in US v. Rubin and Krugel.
• Was Irv Rubin Killed in 9-11 Mop Up?
• Jewish Defense League Unleashes Campaign of Violence in America from the Washington Report on Middle Eastern Affairs
• The Jewish Defense League has split into feuding factions from CultNews.com
• JDL Member Imprisoned in Bomb Plot Killed - ABC News account of the death of Earl Krugel
• Terrorism in the United States 1999 FBI terrorism report