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Please see discussion on the talk page. | The term Jewish fundamentalism is used to refer to religious fundamentalist religious beliefs among Jews. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Fundamentalism is a movement to maintain strict adherence to founding principles. ...
The term "fundamentalism" has two technical uses:
- (A) As a modern phenomenon, characterized by a sense of embattled alienation in the midst of the surrounding culture, even where the culture may be nominally influenced by the adherents' religion, and
- (B) As a way of approaching one's religious scripture, that is, in fundamentalism one holds that one's religious texts are infallible and historically accurate.
The term "fundamentalism" was originally used in reference to certain Christian groups but today commonly refers to the anti-modernist movements of any religion based on literal interpretation of religious scriptures.
Beliefs
Orthodox Judaism is characterized by a fervent belief in the divine origin of the Torah (i.e., that the five books of Moses were literally given by God to Moses). Most Orthodox rabbis describe the Torah as literally being one long quote from God himself. Orthodox Judaism formed in reaction to the creation of the Reform Movement of Judaism. ...
Torah, (תורה) is a Hebrew word meaning teaching, instruction, or especially law. It primarily refers to the first section of the Tanakh–the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, or the Five Books of Moses, but can also be used in the general sense to also include both the Written...
Most streams of Judaism (aside from Karaism) believe that the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible, Old Testament) can not be understood literally or alone, but rather must be read in conjunction with additional material known as the oral law, contained in the Mishnah, Talmud, and subsequent legal codes. As one opinion in the Babylonian Talmud recorded in Tractate Brachot (laws of Blessings) states, every statement made by every student to their teacher was given to Moses on Sinai. This opinion has been interpreted in many ways --- taken to extremes, it implies that each law within the vast literature of Jewish legal codes is regarded as sacred and infallible, (even if some believe that it contradicts others), and there are undoubtably some who believe this. Karaite Judaism is a Jewish denomination characterized by reliance on the Tanakh as the sole scripture, and rejection of the Oral Law (the Mishnah and the Talmuds) as halakha (Legally Binding, i. ...
11th century Targum Tanakh [תנ״ך] (also spelt Tanach or Tenach) is an acronym for the three parts of the Hebrew Bible, based upon the initial Hebrew letters of each part: Torah [תורה] (The Law; also: Teaching or Instruction), Chumash [חומש] (The five, also Pentateuch or The five books of...
An oral law is a code of conduct in use in a given culture, religion or other regroupement, by which a body of rules of human behaviour is transmitted by oral tradition and effectively respected, or the single rule that is verbally transmitted. ...
The first page of the Talmud, in the standard Vilna edition. ...
Most Orthodox Jews don't believe this statement literally, but rather apply different gradations of holiness to each statement:
- Laws of Torah origin come from God directly (e.g., the prohibition of eating/cooking/benefitting from mixtures of milk and domestically cultivated red meat)
- Laws of Rabbinic decree in order to better enforce Torah law (e.g., the prohibition of eating/cooking mixtures of milk and poultry or wild kosher game); these laws are held to be created by the rabbis and are perhaps divinely inspired (depending on the school of Jewish thought).
- Rabbinic decree for its own sake (e.g., three separate decrees of Rabbeinu Gershom in the year ~1000 CE banned reading another's mail, divorcing a woman without her consent, and polygamy.), custom (e.g., the European custom against eating beans and peas on Passover), etc.
Judaism, reflects an age-old tension between the two conflicting notions of "Torah from Heaven" (the divine component) and "The Torah is not in Heaven" (the human component). Throughout history, and to this very day, these two notions continue to exist in a dialectical tension. These tensions, while they are often not the historical forces that less to the creation of modern Jewish denominations, can nevertheless help to characterize these denominations. The dialectical tensions lead to a wide spectrum of belief and practice which need not be reflected by the boundaries of the various diaspora denominations, but have nevertheless become commonly associated with them. The various positions within Orthodox Judaism, for instance, and especially in Haredi Judaism, tend towards minimizing the human contribution to Jewish law, custom, and thought (though even here too there are often striking exceptions to the generalisation). This minimizing approach affects how rabbinic texts, especially of the talmudic period, are read, raising questions such as: Are the texts literally or historically true? To what degree is the text itself divinely inspired, and to what degree may we question the accuracy of its transmission? The further the minimalist approach is taken, the more it becomes appropriate to call it "fundamentalism" by those who use the term. Nevertheless, it may be argued that the term does not do justice to the nuances of the historical and modern tensions within Judaism's rabbinic tradition. Gershom ben Judah best known as Rabbeinu Gershom (in Hebrew: Our teacher Gershom) (c. ...
The term polygamy (literally much marriage in late Greek) is used in related ways in social anthropology and sociobiology. ...
Passover, also known as Pesach or Pesah (פסח pesaḥ), is a Holy Day, observed by several religions, beginning on the evening of the 14th day of Nisan and lasting seven days (in Israel and among some liberal Diaspora Jews, and eight days among other Diaspora Jews) that commemorates the exodus and...
Broadly speaking, a dialectic (Greek: διαλεκτική) is an exchange of propositions (theses) and counter-propositions (antitheses) resulting in a disagreement. ...
Orthodox Judaism formed in reaction to the creation of the Reform Movement of Judaism. ...
Haredi Judaism, or Charedi Judaism, also called ultra-Orthodox Judaism, is the most theologically conservative form of Orthodox Judaism. ...
Reform Judaism and Conservative Judaism may be said to oppose fundamentalism in the sense that, in varying degrees among people within these movements (especially the latter), "The Torah is not in Heaven" (i.e. the human component) becomes the dominating force within their current ideologies, eclipsing the other end of the axis of tension ("Torah from Heaven") either partially or completely.
Fundamentalism and the Israeli settlement movement The Israeli settlement movement in the West Bank and Gaza is motivated by both secular and religious reasons. However, many of the most controversial settlement leaders are associated with Jewish fundamentalists who support the concept of "Greater Israel". An Israeli settlement refers to a housing development for Israeli Jews in areas which came under the control of Israel as a result of the 1967 Six-Day War, but which were not contained within the boundaries defined by the 1949 Armistice Agreements. ...
People in this group represent only a fringe of Israeli society, albeit a fringe that is well organized and has significant political clout through religious parties. One example of a supporter of Greater Israel is Rabbi Yisrael Ariel, formerly the rabbi of Yamit in the Sinai, and now of the Temple Institute of the Old City. In this view, Jews do not have to conquer the land of Israel, but if they do come to control it, they are forbidden to give it up. This was especially relevant with regard to Lebanon after the 1982 invasion. The Land of Israel (Hebrew: ×רץ ישר×ל Eretz Yisrael) is the land that made up the ancient Jewish Kingdoms of Israel and Judah. ...
1982 is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
See the article on Israeli settlement for more discussion of this issue. An Israeli settlement refers to a housing development for Israeli Jews in areas which came under the control of Israel as a result of the 1967 Six-Day War, but which were not contained within the boundaries defined by the 1949 Armistice Agreements. ...
A center of the more radical settler movement is the Kiryat Arba settlement near Hebron in the West Bank. A recent view of the old city of Hebron Hebron (Arabic الخليل al-Ḫalīl; Hebrew חֶבְרוֹן, Standard Hebrew Ḥevron, Tiberian Hebrew Ḥeḇrôn: derived from the word friend) is a town in the southern West Bank (in an area known in Israel as Judea) of around 100,000 Palestinians and...
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