Jewish lobby is a term referring to allegations that Jews exercise undue influence in a number of areas, including politics, government, business, the media, academia, popular culture, public policy, international relations, and international finance. ^[1][2][3] It is used most commonly by the far right, far left, and Islamists.^[4] This article is about the political effort. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into far right. ... The term far left refers to the relative position a person or group occupies within the political spectrum. ... This article is about political For the religion of Islam, see Islam. ...

The expression is commonly associated with antisemitic aspersions.^[5] Chip Berlet of Political Research Associates, an American research group that tracks right-wing extremists, writes that it combines the classic elements of anti-Semitic stereotyping and scapegoating, and is part of the discourse of conspiracism.^[2] Manifestations Slavery Racial profiling Lynching Hate speech Hate crime Genocide (examples) Ethnocide Ethnic cleansing Pogrom Race war Religious persecution Gay bashing Blood libel Paternalism Police brutality Movements Policies Discriminatory Race / Religion / Sex segregation Apartheid Redlining Internment Anti-discriminatory Emancipation Civil rights Desegregation Integration Equal opportunity Counter-discriminatory Affirmative action Racial... John Foster Chip Berlet (born November 22, 1949) is an American photographer and researcher specializing in the study of right-wing movements in the United States, particularly the religious right, white supremacists, homophobic groups, and paramilitary organizations. ... Political Research Associates (PRA) is a non-profit research group located in Somerville, Massachusetts, which studies the U.S. political right wing, as well as white supremacists, anti-Semitic groups, and paramilitary organizations. ... For the term used in Computing, see Stereotype (computing). ... The scapegoat was a goat that was driven off into the wilderness as part of the ceremonies of Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, in Judaism during the times of the Temple in Jerusalem. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Conspiracy theory. ...

Sometimes the term "Jewish lobby" is being used to refer to Israel lobby,^[6][7][8] but according to Mitchell Bard, director of the non-profit American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE), such usage "is both vague and inadequate."^[9] The terms or phrase Israel lobby, Israeli lobby, Pro-Israel lobby, and Pro-Israeli lobby may refer to: Any group that lobbies in support of Israel. ... Mitchell Geoffrey Bard is an American foreign policy analyst who specializes in U.S.-Middle East policy. ...

History

For centuries, a key element of antisemitic thought were conspiracy theories that the Jews, as a group, were plotting to control or otherwise influence the world. Vijay Prasad described The myth of the "Jewish lobby" in India's magazine Frontline: For other uses, see Conspiracy theory (disambiguation). ...

The idea of the "Jewish lobby" is attractive because it draws upon at least a few hundred years of anti-Semitic worry about an international conspiracy operated by Jewish financiers to defraud the European and American working poor of their livelihood. The "Jew," without a country, but with a bank, had no loyalty to the nation, no solidarity with fellow citizens. The anti-Semitic document, "Protocols of the Elders of Zion," is a good illustration of this idea. The Nazis stigmatized the "Jew" as the reason for poverty and exploitation, and obscured the role played by capitalism in the reproduction of grief. The six million Jews in the U.S. do not determine U.S. foreign policy; nor are they united. Jews in America, like other communities, are rent with division, not united behind one agenda.^[3] 1992 Russian edition of the Protocols, adapting Eliphas Levis portrayal of Baphomet. ... The Nazi party used a right-facing swastika as their symbol and the red and black colors were said to represent Blut und Boden (blood and soil). ...

Uses

Mark Strauss links the term's use to a sentiment present in the Anti-globalization movement. ^[10] The Guardian's David Hirsh feels that it indicates a lack of "care, thought" and "self-education," commenting on Chris Davies, MEP for the northwest of England. Davies resigned after having used the slur in an e-mail considered inappropriate by the public and the Liberal Democrats. ^[11] Mark Strauss is an American journalist. ... Some writers have argued there is rising acceptance of antisemitism within the anti-globalization movement. ... For other uses, see Guardian. ... Chris Davies, MEP Christopher Graham Chris Davies (born 7 July 1954 in Lytham St Annes, Lancashire) is a Liberal Democrat politician in the United Kingdom. ... A Member of the European Parliament (English abbreviation MEP)[1] is a member of the European Unions directly-elected legislative body, the European Parliament. ... The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a liberal political party based in the United Kingdom. ...

Madeleine Albright commented about a link between the Jewish lobby and Christian evangelicals to the Council on Foreign Relations that "it's very easy to get on this tack all of a sudden that it’s some kind of an overly powerful Jewish lobby." ^[12] Madeleine Korbel Albright (born Marie Jana Korbelová, IPA: , on May 15, 1937) was the first woman to become United States Secretary of State. ... The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is an influential and independent, nonpartisan foreign policy membership organization founded in 1921 and based at 58 East 68th Street (corner Park Avenue) in New York City, with an additional office in Washington, D.C. Through its membership, meetings, and studies, it has been...

Writing in The Guardian, David Aaronovitch asserted: David Aaronovitch (born July 8, 1954) is a British journalist, broadcaster, and author. ...

"too many leftwingers and liberals are crossing the magic line right now. Let me spell it out for you. There is no all-powerful Jewish lobby. There is no secret convocation. Most journalists with Jewish names do not write the things they do because of loyalty to their race or religion. Nor can you simply change the word "Jewish" to "Zionist" and somehow be exempt from the charge of low-level racism. And it's no good wiffling on about your Jewish friends or trying to slip your prejudices past the guards by boldly proclaiming your refusal to be intimidated. There are no Elders and there are no Protocols." ^[1] This article is about Zionism as a movement, not the History of Israel. ... Manifestations Slavery Racial profiling Lynching Hate speech Hate crime Genocide (examples) Ethnocide Ethnic cleansing Pogrom Race war Religious persecution Gay bashing Blood libel Paternalism Police brutality Movements Policies Discriminatory Race / Religion / Sex segregation Apartheid Redlining Internment Anti-discriminatory Emancipation Civil rights Desegregation Integration Equal opportunity Counter-discriminatory Affirmative action Racial... 1992 Russian edition of the Protocols, adapting Eliphas Levis portrayal of Baphomet. ...

Stephen Zunes wrote in 2006 that in his "interviews with a half-dozen Arab foreign ministers and deputy foreign ministers in recent years have confirmed that US diplomats routinely blame the "Jewish lobby" as a way of diverting blame away from the US government. This cynical excuse has contributed to the frightening rise in recent years of anti-Jewish attitudes in the Arab world."^[13] Regarding the situation in France, Leslie Stein and Sol Encel write "...the notion of a Jewish lobby is largely a fantasy of anti-Semites..."^[14] Stephen Zunes (b. ...

In their 2005 opinion piece in Ynetnews, Nahum Barnea and Shimon Shiffer wrote: "No Jewish lobby has more political power than the 100,000-strong AIPAC organization. This power is one of Israel’s greatest global assets."^[15] Ynetnews is an English language Israel news and content website operated by Yedioth Ahronoth, Israel’s most-read newspaper, and the Hebrew Israel news portal, Ynet. ... U.S. President George W. Bush addresses AIPAC members in Washington on May 18, 2004. ...

In 2007, Yossi Klein Halevi of the Shalem Center stated that one of consequences of the Six Day War was Jewish "political empowerment and spiritual renewal": "The more that young Soviet Jews risked their lives and their freedom to challenge Soviet policy, the more young American Jews were emboldened to become more politically Jewish in their behavior. There was this reciprocal relationship of empowerment. What we know today as the Jewish lobby largely owes its empowerment to the Six Day War."^[16] The Shalem Center is an academic research institute in Jerusalem established in 1994 with the goal of developing the ideas needed to guide and sustain the Jewish people in the coming decades. ... The 1967 Arab-Israeli War, also known as the Six-Day War or June War, was fought between Israel and its Arab neighbors Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. ...

In a 2007 interview with The Guardian, Richard Dawkins referred to "the Jewish lobby" as an example of influence that atheists should aspire to: "When you think about how fantastically successful the Jewish lobby has been ... if atheists could achieve a small fraction of that influence, the world would be a better place."^[17] Clinton Richard Dawkins, FRS (born March 26, 1941) is a British ethologist, evolutionary biologist and popular science writer who holds the Charles Simonyi Chair for the Public Understanding of Science at the University of Oxford. ...

See also

• Anti-Zionism
• New antisemitism
• American Jewish Committee
• American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC)
• Israel lobby in the United States
• The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy
• Zionist Occupation Government
• Lobbying

Anti-Zionism is opposition to Zionism, an international political movement that supports a homeland for the Jewish people in Palestine[1][2] Anti-Zionism takes many forms, ranging from political or religious opposition to the idea of a Jewish state, to rejecting Israels right to exist and the legitimacy... New antisemitism is the concept of a new 21st-century form of antisemitism emanating simultaneously from the left, the far right, and radical Islam, and tending to manifest itself as opposition to Zionism and the State of Israel. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) is an American special interest group that lobbies the United States Congress and White House in favor of maintaining a close U.S.-Israel relationship. ... The Israel lobby in the United States is defined as a loose coalition of individuals and organizations who attempt to influence American foreign policy in support of Israel. ... For other uses of the term Israel lobby, see Israel lobby (disambiguation). ... Zionist Occupation Government (abbreviated as ZOG) is an antisemitic conspiracy theory according to which Jews secretly (or overtly in the case of the United States of America) control a country, while the formal government is a puppet regime. ... This article is about the political effort. ...

References