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The Jewish resistance movement were several attempts of resistence of the Jewish people against Nazi Germany leading up to and through World War II. Due to the careful organization and overwhelming military might of the Nazi German State and its supporters, many Jews were unable to resist the killings. There are, however, many cases of attempts at resistance in one form or another, and over a hundred armed Jewish uprisings. Image File history File links Star_of_David. ...
Menorah. ...
Who is a Jew? (Hebrew: ) is a religious, social and political debate on the exact definition of which persons can be considered Jewish. ...
Look up Jew in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Secular Jewish culture embraces several related phenomena; above all, it is the culture of secular communities of Jewish people, but it can also include the cultural contributions of individuals who identify as secular Jews, or even those of religious Jews working in cultural areas not generally considered to be connected...
Judaism is the religion of the Jewish people with around 15 million followers as of 2006 [1]. It is one of the first recorded monotheistic faiths and one of the oldest religious traditions still practiced today. ...
There are a number of basic Jewish principles of faith that one is expected to uphold in order to be said to be in consonance with the Jewish faith. ...
11th century Targum Tanakh [×ª× ×´×š] (also Tanach, IPA: or ) is an acronym that identifies the Hebrew Bible. ...
Torah () is a Hebrew word meaning teaching, instruction, or law. It is the central and most important document of Judaism revered by Jews through the ages. ...
Neviim [× ×‘×™××™×] or Prophets is the second of the three major sections in the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible). ...
Ketuvim is the third and final section of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible). ...
The Talmud (תלמוד) is a record of rabbinic discussions of Jewish law, ethics, customs, legends, and stories, which Jewish tradition considers authoritative. ...
// Headline text Halakha (Hebrew: הלכה; also transliterated as Halakhah, Halacha, Halakhot and Halachah) is the collective corpus of Jewish religious law, including biblical law (the 613 mitzvot) and later talmudic and rabbinic law as well as customs and traditions. ...
A Jewish holiday or Jewish Festival is a day or series of days observed by Jews as holy or secular commemorations of important events in Jewish history. ...
Jewish services are the communal prayer recitations which form part of the observance of Judaism. ...
613 mitzvot (or 613 Commandments. ...
Mitzvah (Hebrew: מצווה, commandment; plural, mitzvot; from צוה, tzavah, command) is a word is used in Judaism to refer to (a) the commandments, of which there are believed to be 613, given in the Torah (the first five books of the Hebrew Bible) or (b) any Jewish law at all. ...
Minhag (Hebrew: ×ž× ×”×’ Custom, pl. ...
Midrash (Hebrew: מדרש; plural midrashim) is a Hebrew word referring to a method of exegesis of a Biblical text. ...
Jewish ethnic divisions refers to a number of distinct Jewish communities within the worlds ethnically Jewish population. ...
Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim (×ַשְ××›Ö²Ö¼× Ö¸×–Ö´×™ ×ַשְ××›Ö²Ö¼× Ö¸×–Ö´×™× Standard Hebrew, AÅ¡kanazi, AÅ¡kanazim, Tiberian Hebrew, ʾAÅ¡kănÄzî, ʾAÅ¡kănÄzîm, pronounced sing. ...
Sephardi Jews (ספרדי, Standard Hebrew SÉ™fardi, Tiberian Hebrew ardî; plural Sephardim: ספרדי×, Standard Hebrew Sfaradim, Tiberian Hebrew ) are a subgroup of Jews, generally defined in contrast to Ashkenazi Jews. ...
The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ...
Jewish population refers to the number of Jews in the world, something that is difficult to calculate, given the constant debates of the definition of Jew. ...
Jewish history is the history of the Jewish people, faith (Judaism) and culture. ...
The vast territories of the Russian Empire once hosted the largest Jewish population in the world. ...
This article is about the history of the Jewish people in England. ...
History of the Jews in Latin America. ...
This article incorporates text from the public domain 1901-1906 Jewish Encyclopedia Islam and Judaism: This article is part of a series on Jewish history and discusses the history of Islam and Judaism, as they have interacted with each other for 1200 years, from the seventh century up until the...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Jews by country. ...
This page is a list of Jews. ...
Many Jewish denominations exist within the religion of Judaism; the Jewish community is divided into a number of religious denominations as well as branches or movements. ...
Orthodox Judaism is the stream of Judaism which adheres to a relatively strict interpretation and application of the laws and ethics first canonized in the Talmud (The Oral Law) and later codified in the Shulkhan Arukh (Code of Jewish Law). It is governed by these works and the Rabbinical commentary...
Conservative Judaism, also known as Masorti Judaism, is a modern denomination of Judaism that arose in United States in the early 1900s. ...
Reform Judaism can refer to (1) the largest denomination of Judaism in America and its sibling movements in other countries, (2) a branch of Judaism in the United Kingdom, and (3) the historical predecessor of the American movement that originated in 19th Century Germany. ...
Reconstructionist Judaism is a movement of Judaism with a very liberal set of beliefs: an individuals personal autonomy should generally override traditional Jewish law and custom, yet also take into account communal consensus, modern culture is accepted, traditional rabbinic modes of study, as well as modern scholarship and critical...
Liberal Judaism is a term used by some communities worldwide for what is otherwise also known as Reform Judaism or Progressive Judaism. ...
Karaite Judaism is a Jewish denomination characterized by reliance on the Tanakh as the sole scripture, and rejection of the Oral Law (the Mishnah and the Talmud) as halakha (Legally Binding, i. ...
Alternative Judaism refers to several varieties of modern Judaism which fall outside the common Orthodox/Non-Orthodox (Reform/Conservative/Reconstructionist) classification of the four major streams of todays Judaism. ...
The Jewish languages are a set of languages that developed in various Jewish communities, in Europe, southern and south-western Asia, and northern Africa. ...
Hebrew (עִבְרִית ‘Ivrit) is a Semitic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken by more than seven million people in Israel and Jewish communities around the world. ...
Yiddish (Yid. ...
Ladino is a Romance language, derived mainly from Old Castilian (Spanish) and Hebrew. ...
Dzhidi, or Judæo-Persian, is the Jewish language spoken by the Jews living in Iran. ...
Judæo-Aramaic is a collective term used to describe several Hebrew-influenced Aramaic and Neo-Aramaic languages. ...
The Judeo-Arabic languages are a collection of Arabic dialects spoken by Jews living or formerly living in Arabic-speaking countries; the term also refers to more or less classical Arabic written in the Hebrew script, particularly in the Middle Ages. ...
Jewish political movements refer to the organized efforts of Jews to build their own political parties or otherwise represent their interest in politics outside of the Jewish community. ...
Poster promoting a film about Jewish settlement in Palestine, 1930s: Toward a New Life (in Romanian),The Promised Land (in Hungarian), in small (down) text is written First Palestinian sound movie 1844 Discourse on the Restoration of the Jews by Mordecai Noah, page one. ...
General Zionists were centrists within the Zionist movement. ...
Revisionist Zionism is a right wing tendency within the Zionist movement. ...
Timeline of Zionism in the modern era: 1861 - The Zion Society is formed in Frankfurt, Germany. ...
A Bundist demonstration, 1917 The General Jewish Labour Union of Lithuania, Poland and Russia, in Yiddish the Algemeyner Yidisher Arbeter Bund in Lite, Poyln un Rusland (×Ö·×œ×’×ž×²Ö·× ×¢×¨ ײדישער ×Ö·×¨×‘×²×˜×¢×¨×¡×‘×•× ×“ ×ין ליט×Ö·, פוילין ×ון רוסל×Ö·× ×“), generally called The Bund (×‘×•× ×“) or the Jewish Labor Bund, was a Jewish political party operating in several European countries between the 1890s and the...
Kibbutz Dan, near Qiryat Shemona, in the Upper Galilee, 1990s A kibbutz (Hebrew: קיבוץ; plural: kibbutzim: קיבוצי×, gathering or together) is an Israeli collective community. ...
Jewish history is the history of the Jewish people, faith (Judaism) and culture. ...
This is a timeline of the development of Judaism and the Jewish people. ...
Jewish leadership: Since 70 AD and the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem there has been no single body that has a leadership position over the entire Jewish community. ...
In compiling the history of ancient Israel and Judah, there are many available sources. ...
The Temple in Jerusalem or the Holy Temple (Hebrew: בית המקדש, transliterated Bet HaMikdash) was built in ancient Jerusalem in c. ...
Babylonian captivity also refers to the permanence of the Avignon Papacy. ...
Jerusalem (; Hebrew: Yerushalayim; Arabic: al-Quds, Greek ΙεÏοσόλυμα), the capital of Israel, is an ancient Middle Eastern city on the watershed between the Mediterranean Sea and the Dead Sea at an elevation of 650-840 meters. ...
The city of Jerusalem is significant in a number of religious traditions, including Judaism, Christianity, Islam. ...
1800 BCE - The Jebusites build the wall Jebus (Jerusalem). ...
The Hasmonean Kingdom (pronunciation) in ancient Judea and its ruling dynasty from 140 BCE to 37 BCE was established under the leadership of Simon Maccabaeus, two decades after Judah the Maccabee defeated the Seleucid army in 165 BCE. // Recorded history The origin of the Hasmonean dynasty is recorded in the...
For the tractate in the Mishnah, see Sanhedrin (tractate). ...
Schisms among the Jews: // First Temple era Based on the historical narrative in the Bible and archeology, Levantine civilization at the time of Solomons Temple was prone to idol worship, astrology, worship of reigning kings, and paganism. ...
Jewish-Roman War can refer to several revolts by the Jews of Judea against the Roman Empire: The First Jewish-Roman War (66–73 CE), sometimes called the First Jewish Revolt. ...
The Pharisees (from the Hebrew perushim, from parash, meaning to separate) were, depending on the time, a political party, a social movement, and a school of thought among Jews that flourished during the Second Temple Era (536 BCE–70 CE). ...
The Jewish diaspora (Hebrew: Tefutzah, scattered, or Galut, exile) is the dispersion of the Jewish people throughout the world. ...
This article incorporates text from the public domain 1901-1906 Jewish Encyclopedia Jews in the Middle Ages : The history of Jews in the Middle Ages (approximately 500 CE to 1750 CE) can be divided into two categories. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Haskalah (Hebrew: השכלה; enlightenment, intellect, from sekhel, common sense), the Jewish Enlightenment, was a movement among European Jews in the late 18th century that advocated adopting enlightenment values, pressing for better integration into European society, and increasing education in secular studies, Hebrew, and Jewish history. ...
Hasidic Judaism (from the Hebrew: Chasidut חסידות, meaning piety, from the Hebrew root word chesed חסד meaning loving kindness) is a Haredi Jewish religious movement. ...
Dates of Jewish emancipation. ...
Aliyah (Hebrew: עלייה; ascent or going up) is a term widely used to mean Jewish immigration to the Land of Israel (and since its establishment in 1948, the State of Israel). ...
Selection at the Auschwitz camp in 1944, where the Nazis chose whom to kill immediately and whom to use as slave labor or for medical experimentation. ...
This article discusses the history of the modern State of Israel, from its independence proclamation in 1948 to the present. ...
Combatants State of Israel Arab nations Arab-Israeli conflict series History of the Arab-Israeli conflict Views of the Arab-Israeli conflict International law and the Arab-Israeli conflict Arab-Israeli conflict facts, figures, and statistics Participants Israeli-Palestinian conflict · Arab League · Soviet Union / Russia · Israel and the United Nations...
Map of Israeli settlements, in navy blue, in the West Bank Israeli settlements are communities built for Israeli Jewish settlers in areas that it captured during the 1967 Six-Day War. ...
Persecution of Jews includes various persecutions that the Jewish people and Judaism have experienced throughout Jewish history. ...
The Eternal Jew: 1937 German poster. ...
This is a partial chronology of hostilities towards or discrimination against the Jews as a religious or ethnic group. ...
Graffiti on a Jewish gravestone in Aldershot, England in January 2005 The term new anti-Semitism refers to the perceived contemporary international resurgence of anti-Jewish incidents and attacks on Jewish symbols, as well as the acceptance of anti-Semitic beliefs and their expression in public discourse. ...
The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination of these attributes. ...
Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ...
Combatants Allies: Poland, British Commonwealth, France/Free France, Soviet Union, United States, China, and others Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan, and others Casualties Military dead: 17 million Civilian dead: 33 million Total dead: 50 million Military dead: 8 million Civilian dead: 4 million Total dead: 12 million World War II...
The term National Socialism has been used in self-description by a number of different political groups and ideologies, some of which have no connection with the Nazis; see National socialism (disambiguation). ...
Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ...
The largest instance of organized Jewish resistance was the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, from April to May of 1943, as the final deportation from the Ghetto to the death camps was about to commence. The ZOB and smaller organizations held out against the Nazis for 27 days, before all were killed. There were also other Ghetto Uprisings, though none were successful against the German military. Combatants Nazi Germany Jewish resistance (ŻOB, ŻZW) Commanders Jürgen Stroop Mordechai Anielewicz Strength 2,054, including 821 Waffen SS 40,000 civilians, 750-1,000 fighting Casualties 300 KIA, official reports acknowledge 16 KIA and 85 wounded about 13,000 killed, almost all of the rest sent to extermination...
The Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa (ŻOB, Polish for the Jewish Fighting Organization) - a World War II resistance movement, which supposedly was instrumental in engineering the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (ZZW fighters from second Jewish resistance organisation claim otherwise). ...
Ghetto Uprising refers to an armed struggle by people incarcerated in German Ghettos during World War II against the plans to resettle all the inhabitants to concentration and death camps. ...
There were also major resistance efforts in three of the extermination camps. In August 1943 an uprising also took place at the Treblinka extermination camp. Many buildings were burnt to the ground, and seventy inmates escaped to freedom, but 1,500 were killed. Gassing operations were interrupted for a month. In October 1943 another uprising took place at Sobibór extermination camp. This uprising was more successful; 11 SS guards were killed, and roughly 300 of the 600 inmates in the camp escaped, with about 50 surviving the war. The escape forced the Nazis to close the camp. On October 7, 1944, the Jewish Sonderkommandos (those prisoners kept separate from the main camp and involved in the operation of the gas chambers and crematoria) at Auschwitz staged an uprising. Female prisoners had smuggled in explosives from a weapons factory, and Crematorium IV was partly destroyed by an explosion. The prisoners then attempted a mass escape, but all 250 were killed soon after. Treblinka was a Nazi Germany extermination camp, part of the Holocaust, the systematic murder of Jews and others. ...
Sobibór was a Nazi extermination camp that was part of Operation Reinhard. ...
October 7 is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years). ...
1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ...
Sonderkommandos were work units of Nazi death camp prisoners forced to aid the killing process. ...
Auschwitz, in English, commonly refers to the Auschwitz concentration camp complex built near the town of Oświęcim, by Nazi Germany during World War II. Rarely, it may refer to the Polish town of Oświęcim (called by the Germans Auschwitz) itself. ...
There were a number of Jewish partisan groups operating in many countries (see Eugenio Calò for the story of a Jewish Italian partisan). Also, Jewish volunteers from the Palestinian Mandate, most famously Hannah Szenes, parachuted into Europe in an attempt to organize resistance. Eugenio Calò is an official hero of Italy. ...
Map of the territory under the British Mandate of Palestine. ...
Hannah Szenes Hannah Szenes (or Chana Senesh) (July 17, 1921 — November 7, 1944) was a Hungarian Jew, one of 17 Jews living in what was then the British Mandate of Palestine, now Israel, who were trained by the British army to parachute into Yugoslavia during the Second World War in...
Organizations
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) is a United States Jewish Jews, but also gentiles in more than 85 countries worldwide. ...
Antyfaszystowska Organizacja Bojowa (Polish for Anti-Fascist Military Organisation) was an underground organisation formed in 1942 in the Ghetto in Białystok by former officers of the Polish Army. ...
Betars emblem (semel) The Betar Movement (ביתר, also spelled Beitar) is a revisionist Zionist youth movement founded in 1923 in Riga, Latvia, by Zeev Jabotinsky. ...
The Fareinigte Partizaner Organizacje was an organization that took part in the Ghetto Battles in World War II. ...
Hashomer Hatzair (or Hashomer Hatsair or HaShomer HaTzair) (Hebrew: The Young Guard or Guardian [that is] Young) is a Zionist-socialist youth movement founded in 1913 in Galicia (now in Poland) and was also the name of the groups political party in the Yishuv in the pre-1948 British...
A Zionist youth movement is an organization formed for Jewish children and adolescents for educational, social and ideological development, including a belief in Jewish nationalism as represented in the State of Israel. ...
Other languages FAQs | Table free Welcome to Wikipedia, the free-content encyclopedia that anyone can edit. ...
Żydowski Związek Walki (ŻZW, Polish for Jewish Fighting Union) was an underground organisation operating during World War II in the area of Warsaw Ghetto and fighting during Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. ...
Partisans Mordechaj Anielewicz Mordechai Anielewicz (1919–1943) was the commander of the Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa (English: Jewish Fighting Organization), also known as ŻOB, during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. ...
Yitzhak Arad is a renowned Israeli historian. ...
The Bielski Brothers is a book by Peter Duffy published in 2003. ...
Masha Bruskina was a 17yo Jewish partisan that was captured by the Germans along with 2 others for killing a German soldier in Minsk in October 1941. ...
Eugenio Calò is an official hero of Italy. ...
Franco Cesana was an Italian Jew born on September 20, 1931 in the northern city of Bologna, shortly before Mussolini came to power. ...
Szymon Datner (1902–1989) was a Polish historian of Jewish descent. ...
Abba Kovner (1918-1987) was a Hebrew poet, writer, and activist. ...
Dov Lopatyn was the head of the Judenrat in Åachwa, Poland (now Lakhva, Belarus) in 1941-1942. ...
Pijade bust Moše Pijade (1890-1957) was a prominent Yugoslav Communist of Serbian Jewish origin, and a close collaborator of Josip Broz Tito, former President of Yugoslavia. ...
Haviva Reik (Chaviva Reich or Havivah Reich) ((1914-1944), Haviva Reik was one of 32 or 33 Palestinian Jewish parachutists from Palestine sent by the Jewish Agency and the British army Special Operations Executive on military and missions in Nazi-occupied Europe. ...
Hannah Szenes Hannah Szenes (or Chana Senesh) (July 17, 1921 — November 7, 1944) was a Hungarian Jew, one of 17 Jews living in what was then the British Mandate of Palestine, now Israel, who were trained by the British army to parachute into Yugoslavia during the Second World War in...
Shalom (Simcha) Zorin (1902-1974), Jewish Soviet partisan commander in Minsk. ...
Uprisings Białystok Ghetto Uprising was an insurrection in Polands Białystok Ghetto against Germany during World War II. It was organised and led by Antyfaszystowska Organizacja Bojowa (Polish for Anti_fascist Military Organisation). ...
Deportation of Jews from the Kraków Ghetto, March 1943 The Jewish ghetto in Kraków (Cracow) was one of the five main ghettos created by the Nazis during their occupation of Poland during World War II. It was a staging point to begin dividing able workers from those who...
Lakhva (or Lachva, Lachwa) (Belarusian: ?) (Polish:Åachwa) is a small town in southern Belarus, in Brest voblast, approximately 80 kilometres to the east of Pinsk. ...
The Åódź Ghetto (historically the Litzmannstadt Ghetto) was the second-largest ghetto (after the Warsaw Ghetto) established for Jews and Roma in Nazi-occupied Poland. ...
The Lwów Ghetto (also called the Lemberg Ghetto, Lviv Ghetto, and Lvov Ghetto) was one of the larger Ghettos established for Jews in Poland by Nazi authorities. ...
Marcinkance Ghetto Uprising was an insurrection in Polands Marcinkance, now Lithuanias Marcinkonys Ghetto against Germany during World War II. It was organized and led by the leadership of the Jewish community in the small town. ...
This article needs cleanup. ...
Combatants Nazi Germany Jewish resistance (ŻOB, ŻZW) Commanders Jürgen Stroop Mordechai Anielewicz Strength 2,054, including 821 Waffen SS 40,000 civilians, 750-1,000 fighting Casualties 300 KIA, official reports acknowledge 16 KIA and 85 wounded about 13,000 killed, almost all of the rest sent to extermination...
The Vilna Ghetto was a Jewish ghetto in Vilnius, Lithuania. ...
See also Anti-fascism is the opposition to fascist ideology, organization, or government, on all levels. ...
Ghetto Uprising refers to an armed struggle by people incarcerated in German Ghettos during World War II against the plans to resettle all the inhabitants to concentration and death camps. ...
Jewish Brigade recruitment poster: For Salvation and Vengeance! A recruitment drive poster for the Jewish Brigade: Soldiers of 1915-1918: to the flag! History of the Jews during World War II. By World War II, nearly all Jewish companies had either collapsed under financial pressure and declining profits, or had...
This article is about the Jewish Brigade of the British Army that fought in World War II against the Nazi Axis Powers. ...
Yugoslav partisans entering Belgrade, October, 1944. ...
A resistance movement is a non-military group or collection of individual groups, dedicated to fighting an invader in an occupied country through either the use of physical force, or nonviolence. ...
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