Coordinates: 36°40′N, 116°59′E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

Abbreviation: 济 (Pinyin: Jǐ)
Administration Type	Sub-provincial city
City Seat	Licheng District
Area	8,177 km²
Population	5.90 million (2004)
Elevation	39 m / 127 ft
GDP - Total - Per Capita	¥161.89 billion (2004) ¥25192(2003)
Major Nationalities	Han - 98.31% Hui - 1.62%
County-level divisions	10
Township-level divisions	146
CPC Committee Secretary
Mayor	Zhang Jianguo (张建国)
Area code	531
Postal Code	250000 (Urban center) 250200, 250400, 251400, 251600 (Other areas)
License Plate Prefix	鲁A
City Flower	Lotus Nelumbo Adans.
City Tree	Chinese Willow Salix matsudana Koidz.

Jinan (Simplified Chinese: 济南; Traditional Chinese: 濟南; Pinyin: Jǐnán; in some literatures the pinyin without tones is given as Ji'nan, to disambiguate from a possible misreading as Jin an) is a sub-provincial city and the capital of Shandong province, People's Republic of China. Located in western Shandong, it borders Liaocheng to the southwest, Dezhou to the northwest, Binzhou to the northeast, Zibo to the east, Laiwu to the southeast and Tai'an to the south. Jinan County (Jinan-gun) is a county in North Jeolla Province, South Korea. ... == This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links ChinaShandongJinan. ... Due to Chinas large population and area, the political divisions of China have always consisted of several levels since ancient times. ... A sub-provincial city (副省级城市), or vice-provincial city, in the Peoples Republic of China, is a prefecture-level city that is ruled by a province, but is administered independently in regard to economy and law. ... The seat of government is the location of the government for a political entity. ... Area is a physical quantity expressing the size of a part of a surface. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... Basic Definition In geography, the elevation of a geographic location is its height above mean sea level (or some other fixed point). ... ISO 4217 Code CNY User(s) Mainland of the Peoples Republic of China Inflation 1. ... ISO 4217 Code CNY User(s) Mainland of the Peoples Republic of China Inflation 1. ... Ethnolinguistic map of China The Peoples Republic of China (PRC) is a multi-ethnic unitary state and, as such, officially recognizes 56 nationalities or mínzú (民族), within China: the Han being the majority (>92%), and the remaining 55 nationalities being the national minorities. ... Languages Chinese languages Religions Predominantly Taoism, Mahayana Buddhism, traditional Chinese religions, and atheism. ... The Hui people (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; pronounced hway) are a Chinese ethnic group, typically distinguished by their practice of the Islamic religion. ... Due to Chinas large population and area, the political divisions of China have always consisted of several levels since ancient times. ... Due to Chinas large population and area, the political divisions of China have always consisted of several levels since ancient times. ... The Communist Party of China (CPC) (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), also known as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the ruling political party of the Peoples Republic of China, a position guaranteed by the countrys constitution. ... A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ... The Chinese Telephone Code Plan is the way to group telephone numbers in mainland China. ... The Postal code for the Peoples Republic of China is under a numeric 6-digit system for the whole country. ... Blue PRC licence plates of the 1992 standard (August 2004 image). ... Species Nelumbo lutea (American Lotus) Nelumbo nucifera (Sacred Lotus) Nelumbo is a genus of water flowers commonly known as lotus (Hindi: कमल) and the only genus in the family Nelumbonaceae. ... Binomial name Salix matsudana Koidzumi The Chinese Willow (Salix matsudana), also known as the Hankow Willow or Globe Willow, is a species of willow native to northwestern China. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Traditional Chinese (Traditional Chinese: 正體字/繁體字, Simplified Chinese: 正体字/繁体字) refers to one of two standard sets of printed Chinese characters. ... Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ), commonly called Pinyin, is the most common variant of Standard Mandarin romanization system in use. ... A sub-provincial city (副省级城市), or vice-provincial city, in the Peoples Republic of China, is a prefecture-level city that is ruled by a province, but is administered independently in regard to economy and law. ...   (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Shan-tung) is a coastal province of eastern Peoples Republic of China. ... For other province-level divisions, see Political divisions of China. ... Liaocheng (Chinese: 聊城; pinyin: ), also known as the Water City, is a prefecture-level city in western Shandong province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Dezhou (Chinese: ; pinyin: Dézhōu) is a prefecture-level city in northwestern Shandong province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Binzhou (Chinese: 滨州; pinyin: ) is a prefecture-level city in northern Shandong province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Zibo (Chinese: ; pinyin: ZÄ«bó) is a prefecture-level city in central Shandong province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Laiwu (Simplified Chinese: 莱芜; Pinyin: ) is a prefecture-level city in central Shandong province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Taian (Chinese: 泰安; Pinyin: Tàiān) is a prefecture-level city in western Shandong province, Peoples Republic of China. ...

Administration

The sub-provincial city of Jinan administers 10 county-level divisions, including 6 districts, 1 county-level city and 3 counties. A sub-provincial city (副省级城市), or vice-provincial city, in the Peoples Republic of China, is a prefecture-level city that is ruled by a province, but is administered independently in regard to economy and law. ... Due to Chinas large population and area, the political divisions of China have always consisted of several levels since ancient times. ... District, in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China. ... A county-level city (县级市 Pinyin: xiànjí shì) is a county-level administrative division of mainland China. ... In the context of Political divisions of China, county is the standard English translation of 县 (xiàn). ...

• Licheng District (历城区)
• Lixia District (历下区)
• Shizhong District (市中区)
• Huaiying District (槐荫区)
• Tianqiao District (天桥区)
• Changqing District (长清区)
• Zhangqiu City (章丘市)
• Pingyin County (平阴县)
• Jiyang County (济阳县)
• Shanghe County (商河县)

These are further divided into 146 township-level divisions, including 65 towns, 27 townships and 54 subdistricts. Zhangqiu City (Now called Mingshui City) is a division of Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China. ... Due to Chinas large population and area, the political divisions of China have always consisted of several levels since ancient times. ... When referring to Political Divisions of China, town is the standard English translation of the Chinese 镇 (zhèn). ... When referring to Political Divisions of China, township is the standard English translation of the Chinese 乡 (xiāng). ... The Subdistrict is one of the smallest Political_divisions_of_China. ...

Geography and climate

Location within China

Jinan is located in the north-western part of Shandong province at 36° 40′ northern latitude and 116° 57′ east of Greenwich. Because its location falls within the warm temperate continental monsoon climate zone, Jinan has four distinct seasons. The city is dry and rainless in spring, hot and rainy in summer, crisp in autumn and dry and cold in winter. The average annual temperature is 14.2°C, and the annual rainfall is around 675 mm. January is the coldest and driest month, the monthly averages are -5.4°C for the daily minimum temperature, 3.6°C for the daily maximum temperature, and 6.6 mm for the rainfall. July is the warmest and wettest month, the corresponding numbers are 23.5°C, 32.6°C, and 190.9 mm (Source: The Global Historical Climatology Network, version 2 beta, covering 874 months between 1916 and 1990). Download high resolution version (1804x1322, 278 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Jinan Categories: GFDL images ... Download high resolution version (1804x1322, 278 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Jinan Categories: GFDL images ...   (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Shan-tung) is a coastal province of eastern Peoples Republic of China. ... A degree (in full, a degree of arc, arc degree, or arcdegree), usually symbolized °, is a measurement of plane angle, representing 1／360 of a full rotation. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Latitude, usually denoted symbolically by the Greek letter phi, , gives the location of a place on Earth north or south of the equator. ... Greenwich is a town, now part of the south eastern urban sprawl of London, England, on the south bank of the River Thames in the London Borough of Greenwich. ... Monsoon in the Vindhya mountain range, central India A monsoon is a rainy season which lasts for several months and has lasting climatic effects. ... A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter), symbol mm is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ... Map of temperature station locations with record lengths indicated by coloring. ...

History

Jinan has been inhabited since more than 4000 years ago. The Chengziya (城子崖) in the eastern Zhangqiu City is where the Longshan Culture first discovered in 1928. One of the unique features of Longshan Culture is the skill of pottery making demonstrated in recovered black pottery relics - some of which are as thin as egg shells. Longshan culture (龍山文化) was a late Neolithic culture centered around the central and lower Yellow River in China. ... Longshan culture (龍山文化) was a late Neolithic culture centered around the central and lower Yellow River in China. ...

Jinan has been recognized by the State Council of China as a worthy cultural-historic city. The ancient site on which Jinan was erected was probably settled as early as the Shang Dynasty, 3,000 years ago. From its location, south of the ancient Ji Waters, comes Jinan's name, literally meaning South of Ji. Jinan slowly developed during the Zhou Dynasty; by the Jin Dynasty, Buddhism began to flourish in the area, and various temples were erected making Jinan the religious center of Shandong at the time. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Jinan became a prefecture and was called "The nation of literature and the place of wealth." Jinan being one of the biggest tax-collecting zones in the kingdom. State Council or National Council is the name of a major governmental body in some countries. ... Remnants of advanced, stratified societies dating back to the Shang period have been found in the Yellow River Valley. ... Boundaries of the Western Zhou Dynasty (1050 - 771 BC) in China The Zhou Dynasty (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chou Ch`ao; 1122 BC to 256 BC (ref) followed the Shang (Yin) Dynasty and preceded the Qin Dynasty in China. ... The Jin Dynasty (晉 pinyin: jìn, 265-420), one of the Six Dynasties, followed the Three Kingdoms and preceded the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China. ... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... Alternative meaning: Song Dynasty (420-479) The Song dynasty (Chinese: 宋朝) was a ruling dynasty in China from 960-1279. ...

Jinan was home to China's oldest trademark bronze plate. This shows the fast industrial and commercial development in Jinan at the time. The "Two An's of Jinan" created a lot of famous poetry and literature during this period, and became famous representatives of China's literary elite. The city continued to develop throughout the Ming and Qing Dynasties, becoming one of the most important trading centers in its region of China by the late Qing. A trademark or trade mark[1] is a distinctive sign of some kind which is used by an individual, business organization or other legal entity to uniquely identify the source of its products and/or services to consumers, and to distinguish its products or services from those of other entities. ... The Chinese poem Quatrain on Heavenly Mountain by Emperor Gaozong (Song Dynasty) Poetry (from the Greek , poiesis, a making or creating) is a form of art in which language is used for its aesthetic and evocative qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its ostensible meaning. ... Old book bindings at the Merton College library. ... For other uses, see Ming. ... The Qing Dynasty (Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ching chao; Manchu: daicing gurun; Mongolian: Манж Чин), occasionally known as the Manchu Dynasty, was the ruling Chinese Dynasties. ...

Jade Mask Recovered from Tombs of Han Dynasty in Shuangru Mountain (双乳山汉墓), Jinan

Industrial development thrived before the Japanese Invasion of China in 1933, during the times of the Republic. The city was damaged during World War II and was later rebuilt to a large extent. Since Deng Xiaoping's reforms, Jinan has strived to develop into a modern metropolis. Trade has opened up and Jinan's former industrial strengths have resurfaced. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Han Dynasty in 87 BC Capital Changan (202 BC–9 AD) Luoyang (25 AD–190 AD) Language(s) Chinese Religion Taoism, Confucianism Government Monarchy History  - Establishment 206 BC  - Battle of Gaixia; Han rule of China begins 202 BC  - Interruption of Han rule 9 AD - 24 AD  - Abdication to Cao... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... Motto Three Principles of the People (三民主義 San-min Chu-i) Anthem National Anthem of the Republic of China Capital Taipei (formerly and de jure Nanking) Largest city Taipei Official languages Mandarin (GuóyÇ”) Government Semi-presidential system  -  President Chen Shui-bian  -  Vice President Annette Lu  -  Premier Chang Chun-hsiung Establishment... Deng Xiaoping   (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Teng Hsiao-ping; August 22, 1904–February 19, 1997) was a leader in the Communist Party of China (CCP). ...

Economy

The economic development of Jinan only came to speed since Deng Xiaoping's 1978 reforms, opened up China to the outside world. The focus was on improving medium and large sized enterprises, thus improving the level of industrial competition. Technological developments were improved greatly. Jinan is known for various famous brands that come from the city. Jinan is moving towards specializing in industries such as social insurance, telecommunications, information, and tourism. Deng Xiaoping   (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Teng Hsiao-ping; August 22, 1904–February 19, 1997) was a leader in the Communist Party of China (CCP). ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... For specific national programs, see Social Security (United States), National insurance (UK), Social Security (Sweden) Social security refers to a variety of government programs providing for social welfare and social protection and the alleviation of poverty among senior citizens and the disabled. ... Telecommunication involves the transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. ... The ASCII codes for the word Wikipedia represented in binary, the numeral system most commonly used for encoding computer information. ... č “Tourist” redirects here. ...

Agriculture and the rural economy also got a huge boost since 1978. The old way of operating agriculture is being replaced by a newer, more modern method. More and more enterprises are going to rural areas to do more business. The forest and fishing industries also thrive in the region. It is one of the top producers in China of cotton, peanuts, and fruit. Cotton ready for harvest. ... Peanuts is a syndicated daily and Sunday comic strip written and illustrated by Charles M. Schulz, which ran from October 2, 1950, to February 13, 2000 (the day after Schulzs death). ... For other uses, see Fruit (disambiguation). ...

Economic growth has been fast, at a pace of nearly 12% a year in the growth of GDP since 1990. The GDP per capita was ¥25192 (US$3042) in 2003, ranked no. 38 among 659 Chinese cities.

Demographics

Jinan's 2005 estimated population is 5.69 million in the whole city-jurisdiction area, with a total of 2.54 million living in urban areas. The population is predominantly Han (98.3%), with very small portions of Hui and Manchu Chinese. 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Languages Chinese languages Religions Predominantly Taoism, Mahayana Buddhism, traditional Chinese religions, and atheism. ... The Hui people (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; pronounced hway) are a Chinese ethnic group, typically distinguished by their practice of the Islamic religion. ... The Manchu (Manchu: Manju; Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: , Mongolian: Манж) are a Tungusic people who originated in Manchuria (todays Northeast China). ...

Language and culture

Jinan is known for its Lu Cai (鲁菜),one stream out of the eight in China, sometimes hailed as China's No.1 Cuisine. Many people in Jinan like eating big, raw green onion, garlic, which minced are also common seasonings in the Lu Cai. Cuisine (from French cuisine, cooking; culinary art; kitchen; ultimately from Latin coquere, to cook) is a specific set of cooking traditions and practices, often associated with a specific culture. ...

Local residents in the city proper, as well as the surrounding area, have traditionally spoken a dialect that is relatively similar (as compared to southern dialects) to standard Mandarin Chinese, although a non-native speaker who would likely find it not so easy to understand. The people of Jinan are gradually speaking more Mandarin, although many elder residents still have strong Shandong dialect elements in their speech. Mandarin (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; literally speech of officials), or Beifanghua (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; literally Northern Dialect(s)), is a category of related Chinese dialects spoken across most of northern and south-western China. ...

Transportation

Highway Bridge across the Yellow River

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Railways

The two major railways going through Jinan are the North-South Jinghu Railway from Beijing to Shanghai and the West-East Jiaoji Railway from Jinan to Qingdao. By the Jinghu Railway, cities that can be reached within the province include Dezhou, Tai'an, Jining and Zaozhuang; by the Jiaoji Railway, cities that can be reached within the province include Zibo, Qingdao and Weifang. The Jinghu Railway is a train line running between Beijing and Shanghai in China. ... Beijing (Chinese: 北京; pinyin: BÄ›ijÄ«ng; IPA: ;  ), a metropolis in northern China, is the capital of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...   (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ching-tao), well-known to the West by its Postal map spelling Tsingtao, is a sub-provincial city in eastern Shandong province, Peoples Republic of China. ... The Jinghu Railway is a train line running between Beijing and Shanghai in China. ... Dezhou (Chinese: ; pinyin: Dézhōu) is a prefecture-level city in northwestern Shandong province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Taian (Chinese: 泰安; Pinyin: Tàiān) is a prefecture-level city in western Shandong province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Jining can be referring to one of the following: Jining (济宁), a city in Shandong, China Jining (集宁), a city (administratively a district) in Inner Mongolia, China This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Zaozhuang (Simplified Chinese: 枣庄; Traditional Chinese: 棗莊; pinyin: ) is a city in Shandong, China. ... Zibo (Chinese: ; pinyin: ZÄ«bó) is a prefecture-level city in central Shandong province, Peoples Republic of China. ...   (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ching-tao), well-known to the West by its Postal map spelling Tsingtao, is a sub-provincial city in eastern Shandong province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Dongfeng Street in Downtown Weifang Weifang (潍坊; Pinyin: Wéifāng) is an important city in central Shandong province, China. ...

Expressways

Major expressways include China National Highway 104, China National Highway 220 and China National Highway 309. The Jinan Coach terminus has the largest passenger flow in China. Chinas National Highway 104 runs from Beijing to Fuzhou via Xuzhou, Nanjing, Hangzhou and Taizhou. ... China National Highway 309 (G309) runs from Rongcheng in Shandong to Lanzhou in Gansu. ...

Airport

From Jinan Airport, one can fly to every captial of Chinese provinces (except for Lhasa) as well as cities of other countries like Seoul and Singapore. Lhasa (Tibetan: ལྷ་ས་; Wylie: lha sa; Lhasa dialect IPA: [; Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ), sometimes spelled Llasa, is the traditional capital of Tibet and the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Seoul   is the capital of South Korea and is located on the Han River in the countrys northwest. ...

Attractions

Jinan is famous for its springs and lakes across the China. The majority of springs concentrate in the urban area where in history there were "72 Famous Springs"(七十二名泉). Jinan also used to be the center of Buddhist culture of the whole province and left behind invaluable historic sites in its southern counties.

Baotu Spring

Daming Lake

Lake of Five Dragons

Tower of Four Doors

Quancheng Square at Night

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Spring and Lake Parks

Jinan is known as the "Spring City" because of the large number of springs in the city. The must see therefore naturally include the Baotu Spring Park, where the Baotu Spring and many other smaller springs nearby have been a major attraction for tourists for many years.

"Baotu" means "jumping and leaping" in Chinese. The water in the spring pool can be seen foaming and gushing, looking like a pot of boiling water. The spring was visited by the famous Chinese Emperor Qian Long (1711-1799) of the Qing Dynasty and the Emperor complimented the spring as "No.1 under the Heaven"(天下第一泉). A tablet with the Emperor's handwriting "Baotu Spring" has since been erected beside the spring pool and the fame of Baotu Spring has spread across the country. The Qianlong Emperor (September 25, 1711–February 7, 1799) was the fifth emperor of the Manchu Qing dynasty, and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China. ... The Qing Dynasty (Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ching chao; Manchu: daicing gurun; Mongolian: Манж Чин), occasionally known as the Manchu Dynasty, was the ruling Chinese Dynasties. ...

Not far away to the northeast of Baotu Spring Park is the Daming Lake, which, together with Baotu Spring and Thousand-Buddha Mountain has been considered as the "Three Greatest Attractions in Jinan" before other historic sites outside of the city started to be developed for tourism. However, since new historic sites and parks started to be developed in counties outside of the city, the old attractions within the city has been losing lure for tourists.

Other parks include the Lake of Five Dragons (五龙潭) near the Baotu Spring Park, the Black Tiger Springs (黑虎泉) beside the moat, the Baimai Spring (百脉泉) of eastern Zhangqiu City, etc.

Buddhist Sites

The Licheng County to the south east of the city of Jinan boasts the richness in historic Buddhist sites envied by the rest of Shandong Province. The Tower of Foor Doors (四门塔) was built in 661 A.D. and is the oldest existing one-story stone tower in China. Inside the tower sit four buddhist statues of the 6th century and the Cypress (九顶松) beside the tower dates back to more than 1000 years ago. Below the hill where the tower is built are the remanents of the Shentong Temple (神通寺) founded in the 4th century but destroyed in the wars of later dynasties. The tomb towers of monks in the temple from different historic periods display extroadinary artistic features and the statues in the nearby Thousand-Buddha Cliff (千佛崖) has one of the best collections of Tang Dynasty Buddhist statues in the region. Shandong (Simplified Chinese: 山东; Traditional Chinese: 山東; pinyin: Shāndōng; Wade-Giles: Shan-tung) is a coastal province of eastern Peoples Republic of China. ... China under the Tang Dynasty (yellow) and its sphere of influence Capital Changan (618–904) Luoyang (904-907) Language(s) Middle Chinese Religion Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism Government Monarchy Emperor  - 618-626 Emperor Gaozu  - 684, 705-710 Emperor Zhongzong  - 684, 710-712 Emperor Ruizong  - 904-907 Emperor Ai History  - Li...

The Lingyan Temple in the southern county of Changqing was one of the four most famous temples (四大名刹) of Tang Dynasty. The temple was founded in Jin Dynasty and it reached its heyday in Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty. During the Tang Dynasty, the famous monk Xuan Zang stayed in the temple and translated Buddhist manuscripts he had brought to China from India. Many emperors in Chinese history had visited the temple before they went to Mount Tai for ceremonies. China under the Tang Dynasty (yellow) and its sphere of influence Capital Changan (618–904) Luoyang (904-907) Language(s) Middle Chinese Religion Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism Government Monarchy Emperor  - 618-626 Emperor Gaozu  - 684, 705-710 Emperor Zhongzong  - 684, 710-712 Emperor Ruizong  - 904-907 Emperor Ai History  - Li... Jin may refer to: Jin Dynasty (265-420) Jin Dynasty (1115-1234) (Jinn) Jin, a state in China during the Spring and Autumn Period Later Jin Dynasty, founded in 1616 by Nurhaci Jin, a ruler of the Xia dynasty The Jin state of late Bronze Age Korea Jin, Chinese American... China under the Tang Dynasty (yellow) and its sphere of influence Capital Changan (618–904) Luoyang (904-907) Language(s) Middle Chinese Religion Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism Government Monarchy Emperor  - 618-626 Emperor Gaozu  - 684, 705-710 Emperor Zhongzong  - 684, 710-712 Emperor Ruizong  - 904-907 Emperor Ai History  - Li... Northern Song in 1111 AD Capital Kaifeng (960–1127) Linan (1127–1279) Language(s) Chinese Religion Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism Government Monarchy History  - Zhao Kuangyin taking over the throne of the Later Zhou Dynasty 960  - Battle of Yamen; the end of Song rule 1279 Population  - Peak est. ... China under the Tang Dynasty (yellow) and its sphere of influence Capital Changan (618–904) Luoyang (904-907) Language(s) Middle Chinese Religion Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism Government Monarchy Emperor  - 618-626 Emperor Gaozu  - 684, 705-710 Emperor Zhongzong  - 684, 710-712 Emperor Ruizong  - 904-907 Emperor Ai History  - Li... Xuanzang, Dunhuang cave, 9th century. ... Mount Tai (Chinese: æ³°å±±; pinyin: ) is a mountain of historical and cultural significance located north of the city of Taian, in Shandong Province, China. ...

The clay sculptures of Buddhas made in Song Dynasty are considered as "The Best of China" (海内第一名塑) by Liang Qichao. Buddhist architectures within the temple such as towers and tomb towers are among the earliest and best protected in the region. Northern Song in 1111 AD Capital Kaifeng (960–1127) Linan (1127–1279) Language(s) Chinese Religion Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism Government Monarchy History  - Zhao Kuangyin taking over the throne of the Later Zhou Dynasty 960  - Battle of Yamen; the end of Song rule 1279 Population  - Peak est. ... Portrait of Liang Qichao (Tung Wah News, 17 April 1901) Liang Qichao (Chinese: 梁啟超, Liáng Qǐchāo; Courtesy: Zhuoru, 卓如; Pseudonym: Rengong, 任公) (February 23, 1873–January 19, 1929) was a Chinese scholar, journalist, philosopher and reformist during the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911) who inspired Chinese scholars with his writings and...

Museums and Libraries

The Shandong Provincial Museum located at the foothill of Thousand-Buddha Mountain is the largest museum of the province. The museum has a large collection of natural as well as historical treasures from the whole province. The museum was established in 1982 and right now it has 8 exhibition halls - "Treasures of Shandong Province", "Stone Sculptures", "Warship of Ming Dynasty", "Ancient Coins", "Art Treasures", "Fossil Collections", "Dinasours" and "Specimens". The museum has more than 210,000 relics and specimens, making up 1/3 of the collections in museums of whole province. The number of relics is No.7 in museums across China. For other uses, see Ming. ...

The Jinan Municipal Museum is to the west of Thousand-Buddha Mountain. Even though dwarfed by the provincial museum, the Jinan Museum still has a collection of more than 20,000 relics. Most relics on display in the city museum is recovered in the city.

The Shandong Provincial Library in the eastern High-tech Park is the finest in the province and among the Top 10 Chinese Libraries. By 2004, the library has more than 5.18 million documents, many of which date back to many centuries ago and are important sources for research on Chinese history. The library also has a large collection of western jounals/books. Originally, the library was built beside the famous Daming Lake in 1909 by the then governor of Shandong. In the late 1990's, the library started to move to the eatern part of the city. It reopened in 2002 with 35 reading rooms and more than 2000 seats.

The Jinan Municipal Library is much smaller and located in the north of the city.

Shopping Centers

Most shopping malls in Jinan concentrate in downtown area centered around the Quancheng Square and Quancheng Road. The Quancheng Square was built by the municipal government in the early 21-century and the statue "Spring" has become a symbol of Jinan. The square is beside the moat of the city. It has a music fountain, a 46,000 square meter underground shopping center and a hall where statues of famous people from Shandong are placed. Quancheng Square is almost always chosen as the open-air stage for large-scale public entertainment.

Walmart can be found near the western entrance to Quancheng Road. The largest bookstore of the city - the Quancheng Bookstore can also be found beside this road. The road was rebuilt at the same time when the Quancheng Square was built. The government wanted to create a modern business district and yet preserve the traditional Chinese culture. Therefore both modern western skyscrapers and newly-built shopping malls with traditional Chinese styles are located beside the road.

Education

Universities and Colleges

• Jinan University (济南大学)
• Shandong Normal University (山东师范大学)
• Shangdon Institute of Architecture and Engineering (山东建筑工程学院)
• Shandong Jiaotong University (山东交通学院)
• Shandong Economic University (山东经济学院)
• Shandong Finance Institute (山东财政学院)
• Shandong University of Chinese Traditional Medicine (山东中医药大学)
• Shandong College of Arts (山东艺术学院)
• Shandong College of Arts and Design (山东工艺美术学院)
• Shandong Physical Education Institute (山东体育学院)
• Shandong University (山东大学)

Jinan University (济南大学, pinyin: Jǐnán Dàxué) is a small liberal arts college in Jinan, Shandong Province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Shandong Normal University, also known as Shandong Teachers University is located in Jinan City, Shandong Province, China. ...

High Schools

• Shandong Experimental High School (山东省实验中学)

Sports

• Chinese Super League of football (soccer)
  • Shandong Luneng, Based in Jinan

• Chinese Basketball League
  • Shandong Jinsidun Lions, Based in Jinan

The Chinese Football Association Super League a. ... Football (soccer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Shandong Luneng (Simplified Chinese: 山东鲁能) is a Chinese Super League football club owned by Shandong Luneng Group, the biggest supplier of electric energy in Shandong province. ... The Chinese Basketball League (国篮球联赛) is a division 2 basketball minor league in the Peoples Republic of China. ... Shandong Jinsidun Lions (山东黄金金斯顿狮) or Shandong Lions or Shandong Jinsidun are a basketball team in the North Division of the Chinese Basketball Association, based in Taian, Shandong (using an arena of Shandong Agricultural University). ...

Sister Cities

Jinan has eleven twin towns, as designated by Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI): Sign denoting twin towns of Neckarsulm, Germany Town twinning is a concept whereby towns or cities in geographically and politically distinct areas are paired with the goal of fostering human contact and cultural links. ...

• Wakayama, Japan (since January 14, 1983)
• Coventry, UK (October 3, 1983)
• Yamaguchi, Japan (September 20, 1985)
• Rennes, France (1985)
• Kfar Saba, Israel (2007)
• Sacramento, California, USA (May 29, 1985)
• Regina, Canada (August 10, 1987)
• Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea (September 28, 1988)
• Suwon, South Korea (October 27, 1993)
• Nizhny Novgorod, Russia (September 25, 1994)
• Vantaa, Finland (August 27, 2001)
• Joondalup, Australia (September 4, 2004)
• Augsburg, Germany (October 10, 2004)

Image File history File links Flag_of_Japan. ... Template:Wakayama infobox Wakayama (和歌山市; -shi) is the capital city of Wakayama Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan. ... January 14 is the 14th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... The Precinct in Coventry city centre. ... October 3 is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Japan. ... Yamaguchi (山口, mountain entrance/gateway) is the 15th most common Japanese surname. ... September 20 is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_France. ... Some medieval houses, such as these at Champ-Jacquet, can still be found in the center of Rennes. ... 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Kefar Sava (כפר סבא; unofficially also spelled and pronounced Kfar Saba) is a city in the Sharon area, Center District of Israel in Israel. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Location of Sacramento in California County Sacramento Government  - Mayor Heather Fargo Area  - City  99. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... May 29 is the 149th day of the year (150th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Canada. ... Nickname: The Queen City Motto: Floreat Regina (Let Regina Flourish) Location of Regina in the SE quadrant of Saskatchewan Coordinates: Country Canada Province Saskatchewan District Assiniboia Established 1882 Government  - City Mayor Pat Fiacco  - Governing body Regina City Council  - MPs Dave Batters Ralph Goodale Tom Lukiwski Andrew Scheer  - MLAs Joanne Crofford... August 10 is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea. ... Port Moresby town Port Moresby, (), population 255,000 (2000), is the capital of Papua New Guinea. ... September 28 is the 271st day of the year (272nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_South_Korea. ... Suwon (Suwon-si) is the largest city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. ... October 27 is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 65 days remaining. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Nizhny Novgorod (Russian: ), colloquially shortened as Nizhny, is the fourth largest city in Russia, ranking after Moscow, St. ... September 25 is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Finland. ... Founded 1974 Province Southern Finland Region Uusimaa Sub-region Helsinki Area - Of which land - Rank 243 km² 240,84 km² ranked 316th Population - Density - Rank 187 365 (2005) 770. ... August 27 is the 239th day of the year (240th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Joondalup is a suburban centre 26 km north of Perths centre, and a Local Government Area of Western Australia. ... September 4 is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years). ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Augsburg is a city in south-central Germany. ... October 10 is the 283rd day of the year (284th in leap years). ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• Jinan Incident
• List of cities in the People's Republic of China by population

The Jinan Incident (Japanese:済南事件) or May 3rd Incident (Traditional Chinese: 五三慘案 , Simplified Chinese: 五三惨案), or Tsinan Incident, was an armed conflict between the Japanese Army allied with Northern Chinese warlords against the Kuomintangs southern army in Jinan, the capital of Shandong in 1928 during the Kuomintangs Northern Expedition. ... . ...

External links

• Government website of Jinan (in Simplified Chinese)
• Jinan travel guide from Wikitravel
• English language guide to Jinan

Wikitravel is a project to create an open content, complete, up-to-date, and reliable world-wide travel guide. ...