Louis Cha

Pseudonym(s):	Jinyong
Born:	February 6, 1924 (age 82) Haining, Zhejiang, China
Occupation(s):	novelist, essayist
Writing period:	1955-1970
Genre(s):	Wuxia

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Louis Cha or Zha Liangyong (sometimes Cha Leung Yung), OBE (born June 6, 1924), known to most by his penname Jinyong (Jin Yong) or Kam-yung (Cantonese), is one of the most influential modern Chinese-language novelists who is also the co-founder of the Hong Kong daily Ming Pao. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (992x991, 106 KB) Louis Cha at a seminar-forum held on his works. ... A pseudonym (Greek pseudo + -onym: false name) is an artificial, fictitious name, also known as an alias, used by an individual as an alternative to a persons true name. ... February 6 is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Haining is a city in Zhejiang province in China. ... Zhejiang (also spelled Chehkiang or Chekiang) is an eastern coastal province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Employment is a contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. ... A novel is an extended work of written, narrative, prose fiction, usually in story form; the writer of a novel is a novelist. ... An essayist is an author who writes compositions which can be about any particular subject. ... A literary genre is one of the divisions of literature into genres according to particular criteria such as literary technique, tone, or subject matter (content). ... Poster from the American release of Zhang Yimous 2002 film Hero (英雄) WÇ”xiá (also Wu Xia) (Traditional Chinese: 武俠; Simplified Chinese: 武侠; Mandarin IPA: ; Cantonese: mów hàb), literally meaning martial arts chivalry or martial arts heroes, from Chinese, is a distinct genre in Chinese literature, television and cinema. ... Image File history File links Zhongwen. ... 漢字 / 汉字 Chinese character in Hànzì, Kanji, Hanja, Hán Tá»±. Red in Simplified Chinese. ... Commanders Badge of the Order of the British Empire (Military division) The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. The Order includes five classes in civil and military divisions; in decreasing order of seniority... June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining // 1508 - Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year truce and cede several territories to Venice 1513... 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... A pen name or nom de plume is a pseudonym adopted by an author. ... Cantonese is a major dialect group or language of the Chinese language a member of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. ... Chinese (written) language (pinyin: zhōngw n) written in Chinese characters The Chinese language (汉语/漢語, 华语/華語, or 中文; Pinyin: H nyǔ, Hu yǔ, or Zhōngw n) is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. ... A novel is an extended work of written, narrative, prose fiction, usually in story form; the writer of a novel is a novelist. ... Ming Pao (Traditional Chinese: 明報, Simplified Chinese: 明报, Jyutping ming4 bou3, Hanyu Pinyin: míngbào), a Chinese language newspaper, is a publication by the Ming Pao Group in Hong Kong. ...

He is widely regarded as the finest Chinese wuxia ("martial arts and chivalry") writer, a reputation that is based on some 15 wuxia novels and short stories he wrote between 1955 and 1972. He has a widespread following in all Chinese-speaking areas, including mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia. His books have sold over 300 million copies worldwide (over 1 billion if one includes bootleg copies)^[1], making him by far the best-selling Chinese author still alive. Poster from the American release of Zhang Yimous 2002 film Hero (英雄) Wǔxiá (also Wu Xia) (Traditional Chinese: 武俠; Simplified Chinese: 武侠; Mandarin IPA: ; Cantonese: mów hàb), literally meaning martial arts chivalry or martial arts heroes, from Chinese, is a distinct genre in Chinese literature, television and cinema. ... Hawaiian State Grappling Championships. ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... The highlighted area in the map is what is commonly known as mainland China. Mainland China (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; literally The Chinese Massive Landmass or Continental China) is a geopolitical term which is usually synonymous with the area currently administered by the Peoples Republic of China (PRC... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ...

His works have been translated into Korean, English, Japanese, French, Vietnamese, Indonesian and Thai and he has many fans abroad as well, thanks to the numerous adaptations of his works made into films, television series, and video games. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... This article is about motion pictures. ... A television program is the content of television broadcasting. ...

Asteroid 10930 Jinyong (1998 CR₂) is named after him.^[2]

Biography

A native of Haining county, Zhejiang province, China, Cha is the second of seven children from an illustrious family of scholars; his grandfather was a jinshi. Cha was an avid reader of literature from an early age, especially of wuxia fiction. He first studied at Zhejiang Province Jiaxing High School, and was admitted to the Faculty of Foreign Languages in Chunking Central University^{[citation needed]}. He later transferred to the Faculty of Law at Dongwu University to major in International Law. Personal names in Chinese culture follow a number of conventions different from those of personal names in Western cultures. ... A pen name or nom de plume is a pseudonym adopted by an author. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... It has been suggested that Pinyin_method be merged into this article or section. ... Cantonese is a major dialect group or language of the Chinese language a member of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. ... The Yale romanizations are four systems created during World War II for use by United States military personnel. ... Haining is a city in Zhejiang province in China. ... Zhejiang (also spelled Chehkiang or Chekiang) is an eastern coastal province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The imperial examinations (科舉, kējǔ) in dynastic China determined positions in the civil service, which had promoted upward mobility among the people for centuries. ... Soochow University is a private university located in Taipei. ...

In 1947, Cha entered Shanghai's newspaper Ta Kung Pao as a journalist. One year later, he was posted to the Hong Kong division as a copyeditor. When Cha was transferred to Hsin Wan Pao as Deputy Editor, he met Chen Wentong, who in 1953 wrote his first wuxia novel under the pseudonym Liang Yusheng (梁羽生). Chen and Cha became good friends, and it was under the former's influence that Cha began work on his first serialized martial arts novel, The Romance of the Book and Sword, in 1955. In 1957, while still working on wuxia serializations, he quit his previous job and worked as a scenarist-director and scriptwriter at the Great Wall Movie Enterprises Ltd and Phoenix Film Company. Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... Shanghai (Chinese: ; pinyin:  ; Wu (Long-short): ZÃ¥nhae; Shanghainese (IPA): ), situated on the banks of the Yangtze River Delta in East China, is the largest city of the Peoples Republic of China and the eighth largest in the world. ... Cover of the first issue Ta Kung Pao (Chinese: 大公報; formerly LImpartial) is the oldest active Chinese language newspaper in China. ... ... The New Evening Post 《新晚報》 was a Hong Kong newspaper. ... Liang Yusheng (Chinese: ; pinyin: LiángYÇ”ShÄ“ng) (born 5 April 1926) is the penname of Chen Wentong (Chinese: ), a famous wuxia novelist born in Guangxi, China. ... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Liang Yusheng (Chinese: ; pinyin: LiángYÇ”ShÄ“ng) (born 5 April 1926) is the penname of Chen Wentong (Chinese: ), a famous wuxia novelist born in Guangxi, China. ... Cover of the English translation of The Book and the Sword published by the Oxford University Press in 2005. ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Great wall studios logo Great Wall Studio was Hong Kong leading left wing studio and one committed to making progressive mandarin films with social content as well as entertainment value. ...

In 1959, together with fellow high-school mate Shen Pao Sing (沈寶新), Cha founded the Hong Kong newspaper Ming Pao. Cha served as its Editor-in-Chief for years, writing both serialized novels and editorials. His editorials were well respected, and Ming Pao gained a reputation as one of Hong Kong's most highly rated press. Cha wrote his last wuxia novel in 1972, after which he officially retired from writing, and spent the remaining years of that decade editing and revising his literary works instead. The first complete definitive edition of his works appear in 1979. Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The newspapers of Hong Kong can be categorized by language: English newspapers South China Morning Post The Standard (formerly, the iMail) Eastern Express (now defunct) The three English publications are regarded as neutral towards the government and are mostly serious newspapers. ... Ming Pao (Traditional Chinese: 明報, Simplified Chinese: 明报, Jyutping ming4 bou3, Hanyu Pinyin: míngbào), a Chinese language newspaper, is a publication by the Ming Pao Group in Hong Kong. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... For the Smashing Pumpkins song, see 1979 (song). ...

By then, Cha's martial arts novels have earned great popularity in Chinese-speaking areas. All of his novels have since been adapted into films, TV series and radio series in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Mainland China. The important characters in his novels are so well-known to the public that they can be alluded to with ease between all three regions. Hawaiian State Grappling Championships. ...

In later years in the 1970s, Cha was involved in Hong Kong politics. He was a member of the Hong Kong Basic Law drafting committee, although, after the Tiananmen Square massacre in 1989, he resigned in protest. He was also part of the Preparatory Committee set up in 1996 to supervise Hong Kong's transition by the Chinese government.^[3] Politics of Hong Kong takes place in a framework of a political system dominated by the Peoples Republic of China, an own legislature, the Chief Executive as the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ... Cover of Index to the Basic Law The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the Peoples Republic of China (中華人民共和國香港特別行政區基本法; or in short 香港基本法 or 基本法) serves as the constitutional document of Hong Kong. ... The Unknown Rebel — This famous photo, taken by Associated Press photographer Jeff Widener, depicts a lone protester who single-handedly halted the progress of a column of advancing tanks for over half an hour. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In 1993, Cha prepared for retirement from editorial work, selling all his shares in Ming Pao. Together with the royalties from his works, Cha's personal wealth is estimated at some HK$600 million. 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ...

Decorations and conferments

In addition to his novels, Cha has also written many non-fiction works on the history of China. For his achievements, he has received many honors.

Cha was awarded the OBE in 1981. He is a Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur (1992) and a Commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (2004), both awarded by the French government.^[4] Commanders Badge of the Order of the British Empire (Military division) The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. The Order includes five classes in civil and military divisions; in decreasing order of seniority... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Chiang Kai-sheks Légion dhonneur. ... The Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Order of Arts and Letters) is an Order of France, established on May 2, 1957 by the Minister of Culture and confirmed as part of lOrdre National du Mérite by Charles de Gaulle in 1963. ...

Cha has also been made an honorary professor by Peking University, Zhejiang University, Nankai University, Soochow University, Huaqiao University, National Tsing Hua University, Hong Kong University (Department of Chinese Studies), the University of British Columbia, and Sichuan University, as well as an honorary doctor by Hong Kong University (Department of Social Science), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, the Open University of Hong Kong, the University of British Columbia, Soka University and the University of Cambridge. He is also an Honorary Fellow of St Antony's College, Oxford and Robinson College, Cambridge, and Wynflete Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Peking University (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: BÄ›ijÄ«ng Dàxué), colloquially known in Chinese as Beida (北大, BÄ›idà), was established in 1898, and is one of the oldest universities in China. ... Zhejiang University (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in China. ... Nankai University (Simplified Chinese: 南开大学; Traditional Chinese: 南開大學; pinyin: ), located in Tianjin, is one of the leading universities in China. ... Soochow University refers to two separate institutions for higher learning: one located in Suzhou, Jiangsu, Peoples Republic of China and the other in Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. ... Huaqiao University (华侨大学) is a university located in Quanzhou, Fujian, China. ... National Tsing Hua University (Traditional Chinese: 國立清華大學; Simplified Chinese: 国立清华大学; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Kuo-li Ching-hua Ta-hsuëh) is a university in Hsinchu City, Taiwan Province, Republic of China. ... The University of Hong Kong (HKU) (Traditional Chinese: 香港大學; Simplified Chinese: 香港大学; pinyin: Xiānggǎng Dàxué) is an English-language medium university and the oldest tertiary institution in Hong Kong SAR. Its motto is the Latin phrase Sapientia et Virtus... The University of British Columbia (UBC) is a public university with its main campus located at Point Grey, in the University Endowment Lands adjacent to Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and another smaller campus known as UBC Okanagan located in Kelowna, British Columbia. ... Sichuan University is a major Chinese university, located in the city of Chengdu, in the Sichuan province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The University of Hong Kong (HKU) (Traditional Chinese: 香港大學; Simplified Chinese: 香港大学; pinyin: Xiānggǎng Dàxué) is an English-language medium university and the oldest tertiary institution in Hong Kong SAR. Its motto is the Latin phrase Sapientia et Virtus... HK Polytechnic University The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) (Traditional Chinese: ) is a university located in Hung Hom, Hong Kong, right next to the Hung Hom KCR station and the Kowloon side of the Cross-Harbour Tunnel. ... The Open University of Hong Kong (Traditional Chinese: 香港公開大學) (formerly Open Learning Institute) provides sub-degree, degree and postgraduate courses leading to awards and qualifications principally through a system of open access and distance education. ... The University of British Columbia (UBC) is a public university with its main campus located at Point Grey, in the University Endowment Lands adjacent to Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and another smaller campus known as UBC Okanagan located in Kelowna, British Columbia. ... Soka University (創価大学, Sōka Daigaku) opened in Japan in 1971 (undergraduate) and 1975 (graduate). ... The University of Cambridge, located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world, with a reputation as one of the worlds most prestigious universities. ... St Antonys College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. ... Full name Robinson College Motto - Named after Sir David Robinson Previous names - Established 1977 Sister College St Catherines College Warden (Anthony) David Yates Location Grange Road Undergraduates 390 Graduates 96 Homepage Boatclub Robinson College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Cambridge. ... College name Magdalen College Collegium Beatae Mariae Magdalenae Named after Mary Magdalene Established 1458 Sister College Magdalene College President Professor David Clary FRS JCR President Jessica Jones Undergraduates 395 MCR President Kader Allouni Graduates 230 Homepage Boatclub Magdalen College (pronounced ) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of...

When receiving his honorary doctorate at the University of Cambridge, Cha expressed a wish to be a full-time student at Cambridge for 4 years to attain a non-honorary doctorate.^[5] As of April 2006, Cha started studying for his PhD in Oriental Studies (Chinese History) at St. John's College, Cambridge. The University of Cambridge, located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world, with a reputation as one of the worlds most prestigious universities. ... PhD usually refers to the academic title Doctor of Philosophy PhD can also refer to the manga Phantasy Degree This is a disambiguation page — a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title. ... Full name The College of Saint John the Evangelist of the University of Cambridge Motto - Named after The Hospital of Saint John the Evangelist, Cambridge, named after John the Evangelist Previous names - Established 1511 Sister College Balliol College Master Prof. ...

Novels

Oxford University Press edition of Louis Cha's final wuxia novel, The Deer and the Cauldron

Cha wrote a total of 15 pieces, of which one ("Sword of the Yue Maiden") was a short story and the other 14 were novels and novellas of various length. Most of his novels were initially published in daily instalments in the newspaper. The book editions were printed later. In order of publication these are (alternate translation in parentheses): Image File history File links DeerandCauldron. ... Image File history File links DeerandCauldron. ... Oxford University Press (OUP) is a highly-respected publishing house and a department of the University of Oxford in England. ... A novella is a narrative work of prose fiction somewhat longer than a short story but shorter than a novel. ...

1. The Book and the Sword - T: 書劍恩仇錄 S: 书剑恩仇录 (first published on The New Evening Post in 1955)
2. Sword Stained with Royal Blood - T: 碧血劍 S: 碧血剑 (first published on Hong Kong Commercial Daily in 1956)
3. The Legend of the Condor Heroes - T: 射鵰英雄傳 S: 射雕英雄传 (first published on Hong Kong Commercial Daily in 1957)
4. Flying Fox of Snowy Mountain - T: 雪山飛狐 S: 雪山飞狐 (first installment appeared on the first issue of Ming Pao in 1959)
5. The Return of the Condor Heroes - T: 神鵰俠侶 S: 神雕侠侣 (1959)
6. Other Tales of the Flying Fox - T: 飛狐外傳 S: 飞狐外传 (1960)
7. Swordswoman Riding West on White Horse T: 白馬嘯西風 S: 白马啸西风 (first published on Ming Pao in 1961)
8. Blade-dance of the Two Lovers T: 鴛鴦刀 S: 鸳鸯刀 (first published on Ming Pao in 1961)
9. Heaven Sword and Dragon Sabre - T: 倚天屠龍記 S: 倚天屠龙记 (first published on Ming Pao in 1961)
10. A Deadly Secret - T: 連城訣 S: 连城诀 (first published on Southeast Asia Weekly 《東南亞周刊》in 1963)
11. Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils - T: 天龍八部 S: 天龙八部 (1963)
12. Ode to Gallantry - T: 俠客行 S: 侠客行(1965)
13. The Smiling, Proud Wanderer - 笑傲江湖 (first published on Ming Pao in 1967)
14. The Deer and the Cauldron - T: 鹿鼎記 S: 鹿鼎记 (1969-1972)
15. Sword of the Yue Maiden - T: 越女劍 S: 越女剑 (1970)

Of these, the novels (The Legend of the Condor Heroes, The Return of the Condor Heroes, and The Heavenly Sword and the Dragon Saber) make up a trilogy that should be read in that sequence; a number of his other works are also linked to this trilogy (Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils is somewhat of a precursor to the Condor series). Flying Fox of Snowy Mountain and The Young Flying Fox are companion pieces with the same protagonist. His final novel The Deer and the Cauldron is the most light-hearted and arguably one of his most popular. Cover of the English translation of The Book and the Sword published by the Oxford University Press in 2005. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... The New Evening Post 《新晚報》 was a Hong Kong newspaper. ... The Sword Stained with Royal Blood is a 1993 film of Hong Kong director Cheung Hoi-Jing starring Cheung Man and Yuen Biao. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... The Hong Kong Commercial Daily (香港商報) is a broadsheet business-oriented newspaper with close ties to mainland China. ... The Legend of Condor Heroes (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is one of the most acclaimed wuxia novel by Jinyong, first published in 1957 in Hong Kong Commercial Daily. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Fox Volant of the Snowy Mountain - English translation of the novel published by The Chinese University Press in 1996. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Ming Pao (Traditional Chinese: 明報, Simplified Chinese: 明报, Jyutping ming4 bou3, Hanyu Pinyin: míngbào), a Chinese language newspaper, is a publication by the Ming Pao Group in Hong Kong. ... The Return of the Condor Heroes (Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: , pinyin: shén diāo xiá lÇš) is a classic wuxia novel written by Jinyong, first published on May 20, 1959 in the first issue of Ming Pao and ran for about three years. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Other Tales of the Flying Fox (Traditional Chinese: 飛狐外傳; Simplified Chinese: 飞狐外传; pinyin: Fei Hu Wai Zhuan) is a wuxia novel by Jinyong. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Swordswoman Riding West on White Horse (Traditional Chinese: 白馬嘯西風; Simplified Chinese: 白马啸西风; pinyin: Bai Ma Xiao Xi Feng) is a contemporary wuxia novel written by Jinyong. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Blade-dance of the Two Lovers (Traditional Chinese: 鴛鴦刀; Simplified Chinese: 鸳鸯刀) is a wuxia novella written by Jinyong. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Heaven Sword and Dragon Sabre (Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: yǐ tiān tú lóng jì) is a Chinese wuxia novel by Jinyong, first serialized in Ming PaoISBN 1-58899-183-0[1]. Jinyong revised the novel in 1979 with a number of amendments and additions. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... A Deadly Secret (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a wuxia novel by Jinyong, alternately translated as Requiem of Ling Sing[]. It was first published in the Southeast Asia Weekly (東南亞周刊) in 1963. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils (Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: Tiān Lóng Bā Bù) is a contemporary wuxia novel written by Jinyong. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Ode to Gallantry (Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: , pinyin: xiakexing) is a Chinese wuxia novel written in by Jinyong and released in 1965. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... The Smiling, Proud Wander (T:S: 笑傲江湖) is a 1967 Chinese-language wuxia (martial arts) novel written by Jinyong. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Sword of the Yue Maiden (Traditional Chinese: 越女劍; Simplified Chinese: 越女剑) is a wuxia short story written by Jinyong. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... A trilogy is a set of three works of art, usually literature or film, that are connected and can generally be seen as a single work as well as three individual ones. ...

Couplet

After Jinyong completed all his titles, another famous Chinese writer and Jinyong's close friend Ni Kuang discovered that the first characters of the first 14 titles can be joined together to form a couplet with 7 characters on each line: Ni Kuang (also known as Ngai Hong or Yi Kuang) (simplified Chinese: 倪匡, (traditional Chinese: 倪匡) (born May 30, 1935 in Ningbo, Zhejiang, China) is a prolific Chinese novelist and scriptwriter, with more than 300 published martial arts and science fiction novels and more than 400 movie scripts. ... A couplet is a pair of lines of verse that form a unit. ...

Traditional Chinese

飛雪連天射白鹿
笑書神俠倚碧鴛 Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ...

Simplified Chinese

飞雪连天射白鹿
笑书神侠倚碧鸳 Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ...

Loose translation

Shooting a white deer, snow flutters around the skies;
Smiling, [one] writes about the divine chivalrous one, leaning against bluish lovebirds

Cha himself has stated that he has never intended for any such couplet, or to have 14 books in the first place; and his explanation is reasonable, since the couplet itself sounds somewhat forced in the second line. Thus, the couplet serves primarily as a handy mnemonic to remember all of Jinyong's work for his fans. A mnemonic (pronounced in Received Pronunciation) is a memory aid, and most serve an educational purpose. ...

Editions

Most of Jinyong's work were initially published in instalments in Hong Kong newspapers, most often in Ming Pao. The Return of the Condor Heroes was his first novel serialized in Ming Pao, which was launched on 20 May 1959. Between 1970 and 1980, Jinyong revised all of his work. The result is called the "New Edition" (新版, also known as 修訂版), in contrast with the "Old Edition" (舊版). The Return of the Condor Heroes (Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: , pinyin: shén diāo xiá lÇš) is a classic wuxia novel written by Jinyong, first published on May 20, 1959 in the first issue of Ming Pao and ran for about three years. ... May 20 is the 140th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (141st in leap years). ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ...

In Taiwan, the situation is more complicated, as Jinyong's books were initially banned. As a result, there were multiple editions published underground, some of which were revised beyond recognition. Only in 1979 was Jinyong's complete collection published by Taiwan's Yuenching Publishing House (遠景出版社). For the Smashing Pumpkins song, see 1979 (song). ...

In mainland China, the Wulin (武林) magazine in Guangzhou became the first to officially publish Jinyong's work, starting from 1980. Jinyong's complete collection in Simplified Chinese was published by Beijing's Sanlian Shudian (三联书店) in 1994. Meanwhile Minheshe Singapore-Malaysia (明河社星马分公司) published Jinyong's collection, in Simplified Chinese for Southeast Asian readers in 1995. The highlighted area in the map is what is commonly known as mainland China. Mainland China (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; literally The Chinese Massive Landmass or Continental China) is a geopolitical term which is usually synonymous with the area currently administered by the Peoples Republic of China (PRC... Guangzhou is the capital and the sub-provincial city of Guangdong Province in southern mainland China. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Beijing [English Pronunciation] (Chinese: 北京 [Chinese Pronunciation]; Pinyin: BÄ›ijÄ«ng; IPA: ), a metropolis in northern China, is the capital of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

From 1999 to 2006, Jinyong revised his novels for the second (and probably last) time. Each of his works is carefully revised, re-edited and re-issued in the order when he wrote them. This revision has been completed in spring 2006, with the publication of the last, The Deer and the Cauldron. The newly revised edition, known variably as the 世紀新修版, 新修版 or 新新版 (in contrast to 新版), is noted for annotations in which Jinyong answers criticisms directed against the historical accuracy of his work.

Themes

Chinese nationalism is a strong theme in Jinyong's work. Throughout his books, Jinyong places great emphasis on Han Chinese self-determination and identity, and many of his novels are set in time periods when China proper was occupied or under the threat of occupation by northern peoples such as Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, or Manchus. However, Jinyong gradually evolved Chinese nationalism into an inclusionist concept which encompasses all present-day non-Han minorities. Jinyong himself expresses a fierce admiration for positive traits of non-Han Chinese people, like the Mongols and Manchus. In The Legend of the Condor Heroes, for example, he casts Genghis Khan and his sons as capable and intelligent military leaders against the corrupt and ineffective bureaucrats of the Han Chinese Song Dynasty. And similarly, in The Deer and the Cauldron, Jinyong portrays the Manchu Kangxi Emperor as a sovereign of compassion and ability. In Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils, Xiao Feng's split loyalty between his blood ancestry as a Khitan and his adopted Han Chinese identity led to his demise. The May Fourth Movement in 1919 marked a turning point in the history of Chinese nationalism. ... Languages Primarily Chinese languages Religions Predominantly Confucianism, Taoism, Mahayana Buddhism, traditional Chinese religions, Athiesm. ... China proper refers to the historical heartlands of China in the context of that paradigm which contrasts these heartlands with frontier regions of Outer China (including sections of Inner Asia and other regions). ... Khitan may refer to: Khitan people Khitan language Khitan script Category: ... The Jurchens (Chinese: 女真, pinyin: nǚzhēn) were a Tungusic people who inhabited parts of Manchuria and northern Korea until the seventeenth century, when they became the Manchus. ... Honorary guard of Mongolia. ... The Manchu (Manchu: Manju; Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: MÇŽnzú, Mongolian: Манж) are a Tungusic people who originated in Manchuria (todays Northeast China). ... Languages Primarily Chinese languages Religions Predominantly Confucianism, Taoism, Mahayana Buddhism, traditional Chinese religions, Athiesm. ... For other uses, see Genghis Khan (disambiguation). ... The Song Dynasty (Chinese: ; pinyin: ) was a ruling dynasty in China from 960-1279. ... The Kangxi Emperor (Chinese: ; Pinyin: KāngxÄ«; Wade-Giles: Kang-hsi; May 4, 1654 – December 20, 1722) was the fourth Emperor of the Manchu Qing dynasty, and the second Qing emperor to rule over all of China, from 1661 to 1722. ... Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils (Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: Tiān Lóng Bā Bù) is a contemporary wuxia novel written by Jinyong. ... Qiao Feng (Traditional Chinese: 喬峰; Simplified Chinese: 乔峰) is a fictional character in Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils, a wuxia novel written by Jinyong. ... Khitan may refer to: Khitan people Khitan language Khitan script Category: ... Languages Primarily Chinese languages Religions Predominantly Confucianism, Taoism, Mahayana Buddhism, traditional Chinese religions, Athiesm. ...

Jinyong's books are often said to be a mini-encyclopedia on Chinese customs and culture, with references ranging from Traditional Chinese Medicine, acupuncture, wushu, music, calligraphy, weiqi, tea culture, philosophical thoughts like Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and imperial Chinese history. Historical figures often intermingle with fictional ones, making it difficult for the layperson to distinguish which is which — a feature that attests to the believability of his characters. Brockhaus Konversations-Lexikon, 1902 An encyclopedia, encyclopaedia or (traditionally) encyclopædia,[1] is a comprehensive written compendium that contains information on all branches of knowledge or a particular branch of knowledge. ... Traditional Chinese medicine shop in Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong. ... Acupuncture (from Lat. ... Wushu may refer to: Chinese martial arts, or fighting systems from China. ... Allegory of Music on the Opéra Garnier Music is an art form that involves organized and audible sounds and silence. ... Calligraphy in a Latin Bible of AD 1407 on display in Malmesbury Abbey, Wiltshire, England. ... Go is a strategic, two-player board game originating in ancient China between 2000 BC and 200 BC. Go is a popular game in East Asia. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Confucian temple in Jiading district, Shanghai. ... hi guys if you are reading this it means you are very gay and geekish so i suggest you get of this site ... Taoism (pronounced and often written as Daoism (dow-ism)) is the English name for a religious and philosophical tradition in China. ... China is the worlds oldest continuous major civilization, with written records dating back about 3,500 years and with 5,000 years being commonly used by Chinese as the age of their civilization. ...

His works clearly show a great amount of respect and approval for traditional Chinese values, especially Confucian ideals such as the proper relationship between empire and subject, father and son, elder brother and younger brother, and (particularly strongly, due to the wuxia nature of his novels), between master and disciple, and fellow disciples. However. he sometimes questions the validity of these values in the face of a modern society. This is particularly obvious in the ostracism experienced by his two main characters — Yang Guo's romantic relationship with his martial arts master Xiaolongnü (which was considered highly improper) in The Return of the Condor Heroes. Jinyong also places a great amount of emphasis on traditional values such as face and honour. Poster from the American release of Zhang Yimous 2002 film Hero (英雄) WÇ”xiá (also Wu Xia) (Traditional Chinese: 武俠; Simplified Chinese: 武侠; Mandarin IPA: ; Cantonese: mów hàb), literally meaning martial arts chivalry or martial arts heroes, from Chinese, is a distinct genre in Chinese literature, television and cinema. ... The fictional character Yang Guo (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: Yáng Guò) is the protagonist in the 1959 Chinese wuxia novel The Return of the Condor Heroes by Jinyong. ... Xiaolongnü portrayed by Liu Yifei in the 2006 CCTVs adaptation of The Return of the Condor Heroes. Xiaolongnü (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ; literally little dragon girl) is a fictional character from the Chinese wuxia novel The Return of the Condor Heroes (Shen Diao Xia Lü), 1959, by writer... Face refers to two separate but related concepts in Chinese social relations. ...

Finally, Jinyong breaks all the rules down in his final work The Deer and the Cauldron, whose anti-hero protagonist, Wei Xiaobao, is a bastard brothel boy who is greedy, lazy, and utterly disdainful of traditional rules of propriety. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... In literature and film, an anti-hero is a central or supporting character that has some of the personality flaws and ultimate fortune traditionally assigned to villains but nonetheless also have enough heroic qualities or intentions to gain the sympathy of readers or viewers. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... A brothel, also known as a bordello or whorehouse, is an establishment specifically dedicated to prostitution. ...

Criticisms

Three generations of actors playing one of Jinyong's most famous couples - the brave, none-too-bright Guo Jing and the impish, witty Huang Rong. Top: 1983 Hong Kong's TVB version starring Felix Wong and Barbara Yung; Middle: 1994 Hong Kong's TVB version starring Julian Cheung and Athena Chu; Bottom: 2003 Mainland China's CCTV version starring Li Yapeng and Zhou Xun

The study of Jinyong's work has spun off an individual area of study and discussion: Jinology. For years, readers and critics have written works discussing, debating and analyzing his fictional world of martial arts; amongst the most famous are by Jinyong's close friend and famous Chinese sci-fi novelist, Ni Kuang, who has written series of criticism analyzing the various personalities in his books. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (424x900, 253 KB) Summary Three generations of Shediao TV actors. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (424x900, 253 KB) Summary Three generations of Shediao TV actors. ... Guo Jing (Chinese: , died January 31, 1273) is the fictional main character in The Legend of the Condor Heroes, a novel written by Chinese author Jinyong. ... Huang Rong 黄蓉(born in 1203, died January 31, 1273) is a fictional character in the novel, The Legend of the Condor Heroes written by Chinese author Jinyong. ... REDIRECT Television Broadcasts Limited ... Felix Wong Yat-Wah (Simplified Chinese: 黄日华, Traditional Chinese: 黃日華, Jyutping: Wong4 Yat9 Wa4, Pinyin: Huang2 Ri4 Hua2) (born September 4, 1961 in Hong Kong) is a popular TVB actor in Hong Kong. ... Barbara Yung Mei-ling was born in Hong Kong on May 7, 1959. ... REDIRECT Television Broadcasts Limited ... Julian Cheung Chi-Lam (Traditional Chinese : 張智霖, Simplified Chinese: 张智霖), born August 27, 1971 in Hong Kong, with family roots in Nanhai, Guangdong, is a famous Hong Kong television and movie star as well as singer. ... Image:Athena chu. ... The highlighted area in the map is what is commonly known as mainland China. Mainland China (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; literally The Chinese Massive Landmass or Continental China) is a geopolitical term which is usually synonymous with the area currently administered by the Peoples Republic of China (PRC... China Central Television or Chinese Central Television, commonly abbreviated as CCTV (Chinese: 中国中央电视台 pinyin: Zhōngguó Zhōngyāng Diànshìtái), is the major broadcast television network in Mainland China. ... Li Ya Peng (Traditional Chinese: 李亞鵬; Simplified Chinese: 李亚鹏; born September 27, 1971) is the popular Chinese actor who starred in TV shows such as two CCTV adaptations of The Legend of the Condor Heroes and The Smiling, Proud Wanderer. ... Zhou Xun (Traditional Chinese: 周迅; Simplified Chinese: 周迅; pinyin: Zhōu Xùn; born 18 October 1976 in Quzhou, Zhejiang, China) is an internationally acclaimed Chinese actress and singer. ... Sci-fi is an abbreviation for science fiction. ... Ni Kuang (also known as Ngai Hong or Yi Kuang) (simplified Chinese: 倪匡, (traditional Chinese: 倪匡) (born May 30, 1935 in Ningbo, Zhejiang, China) is a prolific Chinese novelist and scriptwriter, with more than 300 published martial arts and science fiction novels and more than 400 movie scripts. ...

Despite Jinyong's popularity, some of his novels were banned outside Hong Kong due to political reasons. A number of them were outlawed in the People's Republic of China in the 1970s as they were thought to be satires of Mao Zedong and the Cultural Revolution; others were banned in the Republic of China on Taiwan as they were thought to be in support of the Communist Party of China. None of these bans exists today, and Jinyong's complete collection has been published multiple times in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Mainland China. Many politicians on both sides of the Straits are known to be readers of his works; Deng Xiaoping, for example, was himself an avowed fan. 1867 edition of the satirical magazine Punch, a British satirical magazine, ground-breaking on popular literature satire. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; literally Proletarian Cultural Great Revolution; often abbreviated to 文化大革命 wénhuà dà gémìng, literally Great Cultural Revolution, or even simpler, to 文革 wéngé, Cultural Revolution) in the Peoples Republic of China was a struggle for power within the... Today the country officially known as the Republic of China (ROC) is commonly known by the international community as Taiwan and occasionally as Chinese Taipei. It should not be confused with the other country officially known as the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), which is commonly known as China. ... The Communist Party of China (CPC) (official name, though almost universally known in English as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)) (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhōngguó GòngchÇŽndÇŽng) is the ruling political party of the Peoples Republic of China, a position guaranteed by the countrys... The highlighted area in the map is what is commonly known as mainland China. Mainland China (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; literally The Chinese Massive Landmass or Continental China) is a geopolitical term which is usually synonymous with the area currently administered by the Peoples Republic of China (PRC... Deng Xiaoping   (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Teng Hsiao-ping; August 22, 1904–February 19, 1997) was a leader in the Communist Party of China (CCP). ...

In late 2004, the People's Education Publishing House (人民教育出版社) of the People's Republic of China sparked off controversy by including an excerpt from Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils (天龙八部) in a new senior high school Chinese textbook. While some praised the inclusion of popular literature, others feared that the violence and unrealistic martial arts described in Jinyong's work were unsuitable for high school students. At about the same time, Singapore's Ministry of Education announced a similar move for Chinese-learning students at secondary and junior college levels.^[6] 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils (Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: Tiān Lóng Bā Bù) is a contemporary wuxia novel written by Jinyong. ... Secondary school is the term used to describe an institution where the final stage of compulsory schooling, known as secondary education, takes place. ... For the Indian grade 11 and 12 schools, see Junior College A junior college is a two-year post-secondary school whose main purpose is to provide a method of obtaining academic, vocational and professional education. ...

Characters

See also: List of characters in Condor Trilogy

List of characters in Condor Trilogy: Bai Guishou (白龜壽) Bao Xiruo (包惜弱) Chang Jinpeng (常金鵬) Chang Yuchun (常遇春) Chen Xuanfeng（陳玄風） Chen Youliang (陳友諒) Cheng Kun (成昆) Cheng Ying (程英) Cheng Yaojia (程瑤迦) Dai Qisi (黛綺絲) De Cheng (德成) Du Dajin (都大錦) Duan Xingzhi (段興智) Duan Zhixing (段智興) Fan Yao (範遙) Fang Ping (方評) Fang Tianlao (方天勞) Feng Heng (馮衡) Fengling (風陵) Gao Zecheng (高則成) Guo Fu (郭芙) Guo Jing (郭靖) Guo...

Leading Male Characters

Lead male characters of Jinyong novels are often portrayed from a young age (around adolescence). The plot usually follows their trials and tribulations, before they eventually (usually) attain the highest levels of martial arts.

Leading Female Characters

While leading female characters are mostly depicted in a supporting role in many contemporary martial arts works, many leading female characters in Jinyong's novels are central to the plots, and depicted as strong, independent, and intelligent individuals as well as accomplished martial artists. For example, Huang Rong in The Legend of the Condor Heroes is portrayed not only as a faithful lover of the male protagonist Guo Jing but is also depicted as an independent, street-smart individual. Her intelligence and quick thinking is complementary to his physical strength. The female protagonist Huo Qingtong in Book and Sword: Gratitude and Revenge is a strong martial artist, a protective elder sister, a loyal daughter, and a guardian who vehemently fights for her people's interests. Indeed, she saw more fighting in the book than the male protagonist Chen Jialuo. Even though Qingtong's younger sister Princess Fragrance does not know wuxia, she plays an essential role in the novel. Near the end of the novel, Princess Fragrance shows that she is not just beautiful but also intelligent enough to see through the emperor's design. She also has the courage to sacrifice herself to uphold her and her tribe's dignity and warn Chen Jialuo of the true intentions of the emperor. Yin Susu, Zhao Min, and Zhou Zhiruo are well characterized, showing courage, determination, and intelligence that equal, if not exceed those of the male protagonists in The Heavenly Sword and the Dragon Saber. Huang Rong 黄蓉(born in 1203, died January 31, 1273) is a fictional character in the novel, The Legend of the Condor Heroes written by Chinese author Jinyong. ... The Legend of Condor Heroes (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is one of the most acclaimed wuxia novel by Jinyong, first published in 1957 in Hong Kong Commercial Daily. ... Guo Jing (Chinese: , died January 31, 1273) is the fictional main character in The Legend of the Condor Heroes, a novel written by Chinese author Jinyong. ... This popular culture article needs to be wikified. ... This popular culture article needs to be wikified. ... The Heavenly Sword and the Dragon Saber[citation needed] (Traditional Chinese: 倚天屠龍記; Simplified Chinese: 倚天屠龙记; pinyin: yǐ tiān tú lóng jì) is a Chinese wuxia novel by Jinyong, first serialized in Ming Pao. ...

The Five Supreme Martial Artists (五絕)

One of the most successful portrayal of characters in Jinyong's works is the creation of the "Five Supreme" martial art practitioners in the Condor Heroes series. The quintet, which originally comprised Huang Yaoshi ("東邪" 黃藥師) ("East Heretic"), Ouyang Feng of the West ("西毒" 歐陽鋒) ("West Poison"), Duan Zhixing ("南帝" 段智興) ("South Emperor"), Hong Qigong ("北丐" 洪七公) ("North Beggar") and Wang Chongyang ("中神通" 王重陽) ("Central Divinity") in Condor Heroes after the first Duel of Hua Shan (華山論劍), proved to be both a source of controversies and a scene of drama as the story proceed through Condor Heroes into The Return of the Condor Heroes. The composition of the quintet was eventually updated to comprise Huang Yaoshi ("東邪" 黃藥師) ("East Heretic"), Yang Guo ("西狂" 楊過) ("West Obsession"), Yideng the Monk ("南僧" 一燈) ("South Monk"), Guo Jing ("北俠" 郭靖) ("North Hero") and Zhou Botong ("中頑童" 周伯通) ("Central Mischief"). The Condor Trilogy is a trilogy of three wuxia fiction novels by Jinyong. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... One of the The Five Supreme Martial Artists (五絕) in Jinyongs novel, The Legend of the Condor Heroes, being named Ouyang Feng of the West (西毒 歐陽鋒). He is the illiginate father of Ouyang Ke (歐陽克). He and Yang Kang (楊康) murdered six of the original seven Jiangnan Qi Guai (江南七怪) on the Peach Blossom... Duan Zhixing was born into the royal family that ruled over the small southern kingdom of Dali or Great Li (literally meaning Great Reason). In the Jin Yong universe Duan Zhixing like his predecessors was not only heir apparent to the Dali throne, but also a prominent participant in the... Hong Qigong (洪七公) is a fictional character in Jinyongs wuxia novels, appearing in both The Legend of the Condor Heroes and its sequel The Return of the Condor Heroes. ... Wang Chongyang (11 January 1113 – 22 January 1170) [Chinese calendar: 宋徽宗政和二年十二月廿二 – 金世宗大定十年正月初四] (Traditional Chinese: 王重陽; Simplified Chinese: 王重阳; pinyin: Wáng Chóngyáng) was a Song Dynasty Taoist who was one of the founders of Quanzhen Taoism in the twelfth century. ... Jiu Yin Zhen Jing (Traditional Chinese: 九陰真經; Simplified Chinese: 九阴真经; pinyin: jiÇ” yÄ«n zhÄ“n jÄ«ng), lit. ... The Return of the Condor Heroes (Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: , pinyin: shén diāo xiá lÇš) is a classic wuxia novel written by Jinyong, first published on May 20, 1959 in the first issue of Ming Pao and ran for about three years. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... The fictional character Yang Guo (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: Yáng Guò) is the protagonist in the 1959 Chinese wuxia novel The Return of the Condor Heroes by Jinyong. ... Duan Zhixing was born into the royal family that ruled over the small southern kingdom of Dali or Great Li (literally meaning Great Reason). In the Jin Yong universe Duan Zhixing like his predecessors was not only heir apparent to the Dali throne, but also a prominent participant in the... Guo Jing (Chinese: , died January 31, 1273) is the fictional main character in The Legend of the Condor Heroes, a novel written by Chinese author Jinyong. ... Zhou Botong is one of the most humorous characters in Return of the Condor Heroes. ...

Dugu Qiu Bai (獨孤求敗)

Dugu Qiu Bai is a unique character in Jinyong's novels. The character himself never appeared in any of the novel, only his name was mentioned. His name was first mentioned in The Return of the Condor Heroes, and then again in The Smiling, Proud Wanderer (笑傲江湖). He was last mentioned in The Deer and the Cauldron. Dugu Qiu Bai aka Kim Mo tuk Ku Kau Pai (The lonely sword devil in search of defeat) was a character in Ging Yongs novel named Lin Kang. ... The Smiling, Proud Wander (T:S: 笑傲江湖) is a 1967 Chinese-language wuxia (martial arts) novel written by Jinyong. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Adaptation of Actual Historical Figures

Jinyong was very liberal in adapting actual historical characters into his books, often making them important support characters and attributing to them fictional dialogue, actions, and so forth, especially where the historical records are brief or silent as to their biographical details. For example; Borjigin Tolui, the youngest son of Mongol conqueror Genghis Khan, appears as a boyhood friend of Guo Jing, protagonist of The Legend of the Condor Heroes; Wei Xiaobao, protagonist of The Deer and the Cauldron, becomes confidant and close friend to Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty. Also, Zhu Yuanzhang in The Heavenly Sword and the Dragon Saber became emperor of China. Tolui (also rendered Toluy, 1190–1232) was the youngest son of Genghis Khan by Börte. ... Honorary guard of Mongolia. ... For other uses, see Genghis Khan (disambiguation). ... Guo Jing (Chinese: , died January 31, 1273) is the fictional main character in The Legend of the Condor Heroes, a novel written by Chinese author Jinyong. ... The Legend of Condor Heroes (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is one of the most acclaimed wuxia novel by Jinyong, first published in 1957 in Hong Kong Commercial Daily. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Kangxi Emperor (Chinese: ; Pinyin: KāngxÄ«; Wade-Giles: Kang-hsi; May 4, 1654 – December 20, 1722) was the fourth Emperor of the Manchu Qing dynasty, and the second Qing emperor to rule over all of China, from 1661 to 1722. ... The Qing Dynasty (Chinese: ; pinyin: QÄ«ng cháo; Wade-Giles: Ching chao; Manchu: daicing gurun), occasionally known as the Manchu Dynasty, was a dynasty founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast China, expanded into China and the surrounding territories, establishing the Empire...

Schools

A recurring theme in contemporary martial arts books is to group characters into different schools and sects and to portrait heroics of the main characters in the context of historical rivalries between and schools of martial arts. Jinyong's books are no exception to this. Many of the schools of martial arts portraited by Jinyong's works, such as the Shaolin Monastery Sect (少林派) and the Wudang School (T: 武當派 S: 武当派), did exist in real life, though their details are inevitably subject to the artistic license of Jinyong; other cults, such as the Beggars' Sect (T: 丐幫 S: 丐帮), are mostly imaginary. It should be noted that Jinyong's portrait of the schools and sects are mostly in line with their contemporary image in martial arts literature, and new sects (such as the Ming Cult 明教) is the exception rather than the norm in Jinyong's works. The Shaolin temples (少林寺; pinyin: Shàolín Sì, Wade-Giles: Shao-lin Ssŭ) are a group of Chinese Buddhist monasteries famed for their long association with Chán (Japanese Zen) Buddhism and martial arts. ... Cliffside Temple at Wudangshan The Wudang Mountains (武當山; pinyin: wǔ dāng shān, also known as Wu Tang Shan or simply Wudang), are a small mountain range in the Hubei province of China, just to the south of the manufacturing city of Shiyan. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Beggars Sect (丐帮) is a fictional organisation, often appearing in Chinese wuxia novels, most notably those by Jinyong. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Manichaeism was one of the major ancient religions. ...

Timeline

¹ — The timeframe of The Smiling, Proud Wanderer is unspecified; Jinyong states that it is intentionally left ambiguous because the novel is allegorical in nature. Nevertheless, people have speculated on the timeframe; the most possible candidate is the Ming Dynasty, because the Wudang and Emei sects (founded at the start of the Ming Dynasty) appear prominently, and because the Manchus (who destroyed the Ming Dynasty) are not mentioned. In several movie adaptations including 'Swordsman II' starring Jet Li, the story is specified to take place during the reign of the Wanli Emperor, which would make it the late Ming Dynasty but just before the period of Manchu encroachment. (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 6th century BC started on January 1, 600 BC and ended on December 31, 501 BC. // Monument 1, an Olmec colossal head at La Venta The 5th and 6th centuries BC were a time of empires, but more importantly, a time... Sword of the Yue Maiden (Traditional Chinese: 越女劍; Simplified Chinese: 越女剑) is a wuxia short story written by Jinyong. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. ... Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils (Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: Tiān Lóng Bā Bù) is a contemporary wuxia novel written by Jinyong. ... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... The Legend of Condor Heroes (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is one of the most acclaimed wuxia novel by Jinyong, first published in 1957 in Hong Kong Commercial Daily. ... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... The Return of the Condor Heroes (Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: , pinyin: shén diāo xiá lÇš) is a classic wuxia novel written by Jinyong, first published on May 20, 1959 in the first issue of Ming Pao and ran for about three years. ... This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ... The Heavenly Sword and the Dragon Saber[citation needed] (Traditional Chinese: 倚天屠龍記; Simplified Chinese: 倚天屠龙记; pinyin: yǐ tiān tú lóng jì) is a Chinese wuxia novel by Jinyong, first serialized in Ming Pao. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... The Smiling, Proud Wander (T:S: 笑傲江湖) is a 1967 Chinese-language wuxia (martial arts) novel written by Jinyong. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... The Sword Stained with Royal Blood is a 1993 film of Hong Kong director Cheung Hoi-Jing starring Cheung Man and Yuen Biao. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Other Tales of the Flying Fox (Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: Fei Hu Wai Zhuan) is a wuxia novel by Jinyong. ... Fox Volant of the Snowy Mountain - English translation of the novel published by The Chinese University Press in 1996. ... The Smiling, Proud Wander (T:S: 笑傲江湖) is a 1967 Chinese-language wuxia (martial arts) novel written by Jinyong. ... An allegory (from Greek αλλος, allos, other, and αγορευειν, agoreuein, to speak in public) is a figurative mode of representation conveying a meaning other than (and in addition to) the literal. ... For other uses, see Ming. ... Jet Li (born Li Lianjie on April 26, 1963 in Beijing, China) is a Chinese martial artist, actor and action star. ... Wanli Emperor (September 4, 1563 - August 18, 1620) was emperor of China (Ming dynasty) between 1572 and 1620. ...

Jinyong in English

In the last few years, Jinyong's novels have been translated into English. The books currently available are:

• The Book and the Sword (書劍恩仇錄) - published by Oxford University Press, translated by Graham Earnshaw, edited by John Minford and Rachel May
• The Deer and the Cauldron (鹿鼎記) (in three volumes) - published by Oxford University Press, translated by John Minford
• The Legend of the Condor Heroes (射鵰英雄傳) - forthcoming from John Minford and Oxford University Press (This project has been abandoned a few years ago.)
• Fox Volant of the Snowy Mountain (雪山飛狐) - published by the China University Press, translated by Olivia Mok

Other works available in English include: Oxford University Press (OUP) is a highly-respected publishing house and a department of the University of Oxford in England. ...

• Heaven Sword and Dragon Sabre (倚天屠龍記) - in comic book form by Wing Shing Ma, published by ComicsOne
• The Legendary Couple (神鵰俠侶) - in comic book form by Tony Wong, published by ComicsOne
• Laughing in the Wind (笑傲江湖) - DVD collection of the 2001 CCTV series with English subtitles released in the United States.

Adaptations

There are more than sixty TV series and films adapted from Jinyong's novel. Dozens of role-playing games are based on Jinyong's novels, a notable example of which is Heroes of Jinyong (金庸群俠傳), which was based on the major characters in Jinyong's novels. A role-playing game (RPG, often roleplaying game) is a type of game in which the participants assume the roles of fictional characters and collaboratively create or follow stories. ... The Heroes of Jinyong (金庸群俠傳), first published in 1996, is a role-playing game based on the storyline and characters in Jinyongs novels. ...

References

China Central Television or Chinese Central Television, commonly abbreviated as CCTV (Chinese: 中国中央电视台 pinyin: Zhōngguó Zhōngyāng Diànshìtái), is the major broadcast television network in Mainland China. ... June 24 is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 190 days remaining. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... August 4 is the 216th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (217th in leap years), with 149 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Logo of the IAU The International Astronomical Union (French: Union astronomique internationale) unites national astronomical societies from around the world. ... The Minor Planet Center operates at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO), which is part of the Center for Astrophysics (CfA) along with the Harvard College Observatory (HCO). ... July 13 is the 194th day (195th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 171 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... August 4 is the 216th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (217th in leap years), with 149 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Asiaweek, the English edition, was a news magazine focusing on Asia, published weekly by Asiaweek Limited, a subsidiary of Time Inc. ... September 24 is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... August 4 is the 216th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (217th in leap years), with 149 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Front gate of the main building of Xinhua News Agency in Beijing The Xinhua News Agency (Simplified Chinese: 新华社; Traditional Chinese: 新華社; pinyin: ), or NCNA (New China News Agency), is the official press agency of the government of the Peoples Republic of China and the biggest center for collecting information and... October 14 is the 287th day of the year (288th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... August 4 is the 216th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (217th in leap years), with 149 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... June 23 is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 191 days remaining. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... August 4 is the 216th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (217th in leap years), with 149 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Lianhe Zaobao (联合早报) is the largest Singapore-based Chinese newspaper with a daily circulation of about 200,000 copies on weekdays and 220,000 on Sundays. ... March 4 is the 63rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (64th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... August 4 is the 216th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (217th in leap years), with 149 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...