Joan Violet Robinson (1903 in Surrey - 1983) was a Keynesian economist who was well known for her knowledge of monetary economics and wide-ranging contributions to economic theory. She studied at Girton College, Cambridge, and got married right after graduation in 1925 with economist Austin Robinson. In 1937, she became a full lecturer in economics at Cambridge. She joined the British Academy in 1958 and was then elected the fellow of Newnham College in 1962. In 1965 she was given the position of full professor and fellow of Girton College. In 1979, just four years before she died, she became the first female fellow ever at King’s College. 1903 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Surrey is a county in southern England, part of the South East England region and one of the Home Counties. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Keynesian economics, or Keynesianism, is an economic theory based on the ideas of John Maynard Keynes, as put forward in his book The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, published in 1936 in response to the Great Depression of the 1930s. ... An economist is an individual who studies, develops, and applies theories and concepts from economics, and writes about economic policy. ... Central Bank or Finance Ministry based economics where the interest rate plays a pivotal role in the cost of money and the amounts banks must hold in their reserves. ... Full name Girton College Motto - Named after Girton Village Previous names The College for Women (1869), Girton College (1872) Established 1869 Sister College Somerville College Mistress Dame Marylin Strathern Location Huntingdon Road Undergraduates 503 Graduates 201 Homepage Boatclub Girton College lies on the extremity of Cambridge Girton College was established... Map of the Cambridgeshire area (1904) The city of Cambridge is an old English university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire. ... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Map of the Cambridgeshire area (1904) The city of Cambridge is an old English university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire. ... The British Academy is the United Kingdoms national academy for the humanities and the social sciences. ... 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Full name Newnham College Motto - Named after - Previous names Newnham Hall Established 1871 Sister College St Cross College Principal The Lady ONeill of Bengarve Location Sidgwick Avenue Undergraduates 396 Graduates 120 Homepage Boatclub A view of part of Newnham College. ... 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar). ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... Full name Girton College Motto - Named after Girton Village Previous names The College for Women (1869), Girton College (1872) Established 1869 Sister College Somerville College Mistress Dame Marylin Strathern Location Huntingdon Road Undergraduates 503 Graduates 201 Homepage Boatclub Girton College lies on the extremity of Cambridge Girton College was established... This page refers to the year 1979. ... There are a number of institutions known as Kings College: Kings College London, a college of the University of London Kings College, Aberdeen, a college in Aberdeen, Scotland Kings College, Cambridge, a constituent college of the University of Cambridge Kings College a private boarding secondary...

Initially a supporter of neoclassical economics, she changed her mind after getting acquainted with John Maynard Keynes. As a member of the "Cambridge School" of economics, Robinson assisted with the support and exposition of Keynes' General Theory, writing especially on its employment implications in 1936 and 1937 (in the midst of the Great Depression it tried to explain). John Maynard Keynes (right) and Harry Dexter White at the Bretton Woods Conference John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes, CB (pronounced kānz / kAnze) (June 5, 1883 – April 21, 1946) was a British economist whose ideas had a major impact on modern economic and political theory as well as on... Keynesian economics (pronounced ), also called Keynesianism, is an economic theory based on the ideas of an English economist, John Maynard Keynes, as put forward in his book The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, published in 1936 in response to the Great Depression of the 1930s. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Dorothea Langes Migrant Mother depicts destitute pea pickers in California, centering on Florence Owens Thompson, a mother of seven children, age 32, in Nipomo, California, March 1936. ...

In 1942 Robinson's An Essay on Marxian Economics famously concentrated on Marx as an economist, helping revive the debate on this aspect of his legacy. This article is about the year. ... Marx is a common German surname. ... An economist is an individual who studies, develops, and applies theories and concepts from economics, and writes about economic policy. ...

During the Second World War, Joan Robinson worked on a few different Committees for the Wartime National Government. During this time, she visited Soviet Union as well as China. She developed an interest in underdeveloped and developing nations and contributed a lot that is now understood in this section of economics. At that time, she praised the Chinese Cultural Revolution. Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... A developing country is a country with low average income compared to the world average. ... A poster during the Cultural Revolution The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (Simplified Chinese: 无产阶级文化大革命; Traditional Chinese: 無產階級文化大革命; pinyin: w chǎn jiē j n hu ng, literally Proletarian Cultural Great Revolution; often abbreviated to 文化大革命 w n hu ng, literally Great Cultural Revolution, or simply 文革 w , literally Cultural Revolution) in...

In 1949, she was invited by Ragnar Frisch to become the vice president of the Econometric Society but declined because she couldn't be part of the editorial committee on a journal she couldn't read. 1949 (MCMXLIX) is a common year starting on Saturday. ... Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch (March 3, 1895 - January 31, 1973) was a Norwegian economist. ... The Econometric Society The Econometric Society, an International Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory in its Relation with Statistics and Mathematics was founded on December 29, 1930 at the Stalton Hotel in Cleveland, Ohio. ...

In 1956, Joan Robinson published her magnum opus, The Accumulation of Capital, which extended Keynesianism into the long-run. Six years later, she published another book about the growth theory, which talked about concepts of "Golden Age" growth paths. Afterwards, she worked together with Nicholas Kaldor and developed the Cambridge growth theory with him. 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Magnum opus (sometimes Opus magnum), from the Latin meaning great work, refers to the best, most popular, or most renowned achievement of an author, artist, or composer. ... Keynesian economics, or Keynesianism, is an economic theory based on the ideas of John Maynard Keynes, as put forward in his book The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, published in 1936 in response to the Great Depression of the 1930s. ... Nicholas Kaldor (Budapest, 1908 - Papworth Everard, Cambridgeshire, 1986) was the foremost Cambridge economist in the post-war period. ...

Close to the end of her life she studied and concentrated on methological problems in economics and tried to recover the original message of Keynes' General Theory. Between 1962 and 1980 she wrote many books to try and bring several economic theories to the general public. Robinson suggested develping an alternative to revival of classical economics (see neo-liberalism). Classical liberalism is a term used to describe the following: early liberalism as it developed from the Enlightenment until John Stuart Mill an ahistoric ideology that is regarded as being in accordance with the views of early classical liberals. ... The term neoliberalism is used to describe a political-economic philosophy that had major implications for government policies beginning in the 1970s – and increasingly prominent since 1980 – that de-emphasizes or rejects positive government intervention in the economy, focusing instead on achieving progress and even social justice by encouraging free...

Major works

• The Economics of Imperfect Competition (1933)
• An Essay on Marxian Economics (1942)
• Accumulation of Capital (1956)
• Essays in the Theory of Economic Growth (1962)
• Economic Philosophy: An essay on the progress of economic thought (1962)

Texts for the lay reader

• Economics is a serious subject: The apologia of an economist to the mathematician, the scientist and the plain man,(1932) Publisher: W. Heffer & Sons
• Introduction to the Theory of Employment (1937)
• An Introduction to Modern Economics (1973) with John Eatwell
• The Arms Race (1982), Tanner Lectures on Human Values

1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will take you to a full 1932 calendar). ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ... John Leonard Eatwell, Baron Eatwell (2 February 1945— ) is the current President of Queens College, Cambridge, and is an influential British economist. ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Quotes

• "The purpose of studying economics is not to acquire a set of ready-made answers to economic questions, but to learn how to avoid being deceived by economists."

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Joan Robinson

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See also

• International economics
• Macroeconomics
• Wealth condensation
• Welfare economics

International economics is the branch of economics relating to ideas such as International trade, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and the exchange rate and how they influence one another. ... Macroeconomics is the economics sub-field of study that considers aggregate behavior, and the study of the sum of individual economic decisions. ... Wealth condensation is a theoretical process by which, in certain conditions, newly-created wealth tends to become concentrated in the possession of already-wealthy individuals or entities. ... Welfare economics is a branch of economics that uses microeconomic techniques to simultaneously determine the allocational efficiency of a macroeconomy and the income distribution consequences associated with it. ...

References

Emani, Zohreh, "Joan Robinson" in Robert W. Dimand et al eds. A Biographical Dictionary of Women Economists, Edward Elgar, 2000.

External links

• Life and economics of Joan Robinson
• Biography