Jocelin

Denomination	Christianity
Senior posting
See	Diocese of Glasgow
Title	Bishop of Glasgow
Period in office	1174/5 – 1199
Consecration	1175
Predecessor	Enguerrand
Successor	Hugh de Roxburgh
Religious career
Previous bishoprics	None
Previous post	Abbot of Melrose
Personal
Date of birth	1130s
Place of birth	Scottish Borders or Northumberland
Date of death	March 17, 1199
Place of death	Melrose

Jocelin or Jocelyn (died 1199) was a 12th-century Cistercian monk and cleric who became the fourth Abbot of Melrose before becoming Bishop of Glasgow, Scotland. He was probably born in the 1130s, and in his teenage years became a monk of Melrose Abbey. He rose in the service of Abbot Waltheof, and by the time of the short abbacy of Waltheof's successor Abbot William, Jocelin had become prior. Then in 1170 Jocelin himself became abbot, a position he held for four years. Jocelin was responsible for promoting the cult of the emerging Saint Waltheof, and in this had the support of Enguerrand, Bishop of Glasgow. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ... The Archbishop of Glasgow is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Glasgow. ... The Archbishop of Glasgow is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Glasgow. ... Events Vietnam is given the official name of Annam by China. ... Events Ruaidri Ua Conchobair (Rory OConner), last High King of Ireland, submits to Henry II as vassal of Ireland with the Treaty of Windsor Ly Cao Ton becomes ruler of Vietnam William of Tyre becomes archbishop of Tyre Massacre of Abergavenny ends with several noblemen dead at the hands... Events John Lackland, becomes King of England Births Isobel of Huntingdon (d. ... Events Ruaidri Ua Conchobair (Rory OConner), last High King of Ireland, submits to Henry II as vassal of Ireland with the Treaty of Windsor Ly Cao Ton becomes ruler of Vietnam William of Tyre becomes archbishop of Tyre Massacre of Abergavenny ends with several noblemen dead at the hands... Enguerrand († 1174) was a 12th century bishop of Glasgow. ... Hugh or Hugo de Roxburgh or Hugo Cancellarius was a late 12th century Chancellor of Scotland and bishop of Glasgow. ... The ruins of Melrose Abbey as they were in June 2004. ... Centuries: 11th century - 12th century - 13th century Decades: 1080s 1090s 1100s 1110s 1120s - 1130s - 1140s 1150s 1160s 1170s 1180s Years: 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 Events and Trends Romanesque church at Vezelay - carving completed 1130 Innocent II is elected pope 1139 Alphonso I becomes first... Scottish Borders (often referred to locally as The Borders or The Borderland) is one of 35 local government unitary council areas of Scotland. ... Northumberland is a county in northern England. ... March 17 is the 76th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (77th in leap years). ... Events John Lackland, becomes King of England Births Isobel of Huntingdon (d. ... Melrose Abbey Eildon Hills Melrose (Am Maol Ros in Gaelic) is a small, historic town in the Scottish Borders. ... Events John Lackland, becomes King of England Births Isobel of Huntingdon (d. ... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... Cistercians coat of arms The Order of Cistercians (OCist) (Latin: ), otherwise White Monks (from the colour of the habit, over which a black scapular or apron is sometimes worn) is a Roman Catholic order of enclosed monks. ... A cleric is a member of the clergy of a religion, especially one that has trained or ordained priests, preachers, or other religious professionals. ... The ruins of Melrose Abbey as they were in June 2004. ... The Archbishop of Glasgow is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Glasgow. ... Motto: (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity(English) Wha daur meddle wi me? (Scots)[1] Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic, Scots[2] Government  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification    - by Kenneth I... Melrose Abbey, June 2004 Melrose Abbey, located in Melrose, Scotland, was founded in 1136 by Cistercian monks, on the request of King David I of Scotland. ... Waltheof, 1st Earl of Northampton (d. ... Prior is a Latin adjective, meaning coming before, as earlier (as in a priori, regardless what comes next). ... Waltheof (also Waldef or Waldeve; *c. ... Enguerrand († 1174) was a 12th century bishop of Glasgow. ... The Archbishop of Glasgow is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Glasgow. ...

His Glasgow connections and political profile were already well-established enough that in 1174 Jocelin succeeded Enguerrand as Glasgow's bishop. As Bishop of Glasgow, he was a royal official. In this capacity he travelled abroad on several occasions, and performed the marriage ceremony between King William the Lion and Ermengarde de Beaumont, later baptising their son, the future King Alexander II. Among other things, he has been credited by modern historians as "the founder of the burgh of Glasgow and initiator of the Glasgow fair",^[1] as well as being one of the greatest literary patrons in medieval Scotland, commissioning the Life of St Waltheof, the Life of St Kentigern and the Chronicle of Melrose. William I the Lion ( known in Gaelic as Uilliam Garm1 or William the Rough), (1142/1143 - December 4, 1214) reigned as King of Scots from 1165 to 1214. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Baptism in early Christian art. ... Alexander II (August 24, 1198 – July 6, 1249), king of Scotland, son of William I, the Lion, and of Ermengarde of Beaumont, was born at Haddington, East Lothian, in 1198, and succeeded to the kingdom on the death of his father on 4 December 1214. ... A sign in Linlithgow, Scotland. ... For other uses, see Glasgow (disambiguation). ... A holiday during the 3rd and 4th weeks of July in Glasgow, Scotland. ... Dunnottar Castle in the Mearns occupies one of the best defensive locations in Great Britain. ... The Chronicle of Melrose is a medieval chronicle from the Cottonian Manuscript, Faustina B. ix within the British Museum. ...

Early life

Jocelin and his family probably came from the south-east of Scotland. The names of neither his father nor his mother are known, but he had two known brothers, with the names Helia and Henry, and a cousin, also called Helia. The names suggest that his family were of French, or at least Anglo-Norman origin, rather than being a Scot or native Anglo-Saxon.^[2] There are some indications that his family held land in South Lanarkshire, namely because they seem to have possessed rights in the church of Dunsyre.^[3] It is unlikely that he would have thought of himself as "Scottish". For Jocelin's contemporary and fellow native of the Borders, Adam of Dryburgh, this part of Britain was still firmly regarded as terra Anglorum (the "Land of the English"), although it was located inside the regnum Scottorum (the "Kingdom of the Scots").^[4] This would be no obstacle to Jocelin, however. His Anglo-French cultural background was in fact probably necessary for the patronage of the King of Scots. As Walter of Coventry wrote of King William's era, "the modern kings of Scotland count themselves as Frenchmen, in race, manners, language and culture; they keep only Frenchmen in their household and following, and have reduced the Scots to utter servitude".^[5] Motto: (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity(English) Wha daur meddle wi me? (Scots)[1] Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic, Scots[2] Government  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification    - by Kenneth I... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The Gaels are an ethno-linguistic group in Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man, whose language is of the Gaelic (Goidelic) family, a division of Insular Celtic languages. ... The famous parade helmet found at Sutton Hoo, probably belonging to King Raedwald of East Anglia circa 625. ... South Lanarkshire (Siorrachd Lannraig a Deas in Gaelic) is one of 32 unitary council regions in Scotland, covering the southern part of the traditional county of Lanarkshire. ... Dunsyre (Gaelic: Dùn Saghair) is a village in South Lanarkshire, Scotland. ... Adam of Dryburgh (c. ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right)1 Capital Winchester, then London from 11th century. ... Walter of Coventry (fl. ...

The modern ruins of Melrose Abbey. Melrose was the senior Cistercian house in Scotland, and the wealthiest "Scottish" monastery in the period.

Like that of almost every character from this period, Jocelin's year of birth is unknown to modern historians. It is known that he entered as a novice monk in Melrose Abbey during the abbacy of Waltheof (ab. 1148–1159), and from documentary evidence it seems likely that Jocelin entered Melrose about 50 years before his death in 1199. As the rules of the Cistercian order prevented entry as a novice before the age of 15, it is likely that he was born around the year 1134.^[6] Little is known about Jocelin's early life or his early career as a Melrose monk. He obviously successfully completed his one-year noviciate, the year in which a prospective monk was introduced to monasticism and judged fit or unfit for admittance. We know that Abbot Waltheof (Waldef) thought highly of him and granted him many responsibilities.^[7] After the death of Abbot Waltheof, his successor, Abbot William, refused to encourage the rumours which had quickly been spreading about Waltheof's saintliness. Abbot William attempted to silence such rumours, and shelter his monks from the intrusiveness of would-be pilgrims. However, William was unable to get the better of Waltheof's emerging cult, and his actions had alienated him from the brethren. As a result, William resigned the abbacy in April 1170.^[8] Jocelin was by this stage the Prior of Melrose, that is, the second in command at the monastery, and thus William's most likely replacement. Image File history File links MelroseAbbey01. ... Image File history File links MelroseAbbey01. ... Melrose Abbey, June 2004 Melrose Abbey, located in Melrose, Scotland, was founded in 1136 by Cistercian monks, on the request of King David I of Scotland. ... Melrose Abbey, June 2004 Melrose Abbey, located in Melrose, Scotland, was founded in 1136 by Cistercian monks, on the request of King David I of Scotland. ... Waltheof, 1st Earl of Northampton (d. ... A novice in Catholic law and tradition, is a prospective member of a religious order who is being tried and being proven for suitability of admission to a religious order of brothers, sisters or monks. ... In traditional Christian iconography, Saints are often depicted as having halos. ... Monument to pilgrims in Burgos, Spain This article is on religious pilgrims. ... Prior is a Latin adjective, meaning coming before, as earlier (as in a priori, regardless what comes next). ...

Abbot of Melrose

19th-century sketch of Waltheof's 12th-century tomb

So it was that Prior Jocelin became abbot on April 22, 1170.^[9] Jocelin embraced the cult without hesitation. Under the year of his accession, it was reported in the Chronicle of Melrose that: Image File history File links Size of this preview: 489 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (627 × 768 pixel, file size: 211 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Waltheof Jocelin ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 489 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (627 × 768 pixel, file size: 211 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Waltheof Jocelin ... Waltheof, 1st Earl of Northampton (d. ... April 22 is the 112th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (113th in leap years). ... Events December 29: Assassination of Thomas Beckett, Archbishop of Canterbury, in Canterbury cathedral City of Dublin captured by the Normans According to folklore, the Welsh prince Madoc sailed to North America and founded a colony. ... The Chronicle of Melrose is a medieval chronicle from the Cottonian Manuscript, Faustina B. ix within the British Museum. ...

The tomb of our pious father, sir Waltheof, the second abbot of Melrose, was opened by Enguerrand, of good memory, the bishop of Glasgow, and by four abbots called in for this purpose; and his body was found entire, and his vestments intact, in the twelfth year from his death, on the eleventh day before the Kalends of June [22 May]. And after the holy celebration of mass, the same bishop, and the abbots whose number we have mentioned above, placed over the remains of his most holy body a new stone of polished marble. And there was great gladness; those who were present exclaiming together, and saying that truly this was a man of God ...^[10] A Medieval Low Mass by a bishop. ... Marble is a metamorphic rock resulting from the metamorphism of limestone, composed mostly of calcite (a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, CaCO3). ...

Promoting saints was something Jocelin would repeat at Glasgow, where he "transferred his enthusiasm to St Kentigern"^[11] and commissioned a hagiography of that saint, the saint most venerated by the Celts of the diocese of Glasgow. It is no coincidence that Jocelin of Furness, the man who wrote the Life of St. Waltheof, was the same man later commissioned to write the Life of St. Kentigern. Saint Mungo, also known as Saint Kentigern, is by tradition an apostle to the Kingdom of Strathclyde, Scotland, and patron saint and legendary founder of the city of Glasgow. ... Hagiography is the study of saints. ...

This kind of literary patronage started while Jocelin was abbot of Melrose. Archie Duncan has shown that it was probably Jocelin who first commissioned the writing of the Chronicle of Melrose. Duncan argued that Jocelin commissioned the entries dealing with the period between 731 and 1170, putting the writing in the hands of a monk named Reinald (who would later become Bishop of Ross).^[12] This chronicle is one of the few extant chronicles from "Scotland" in this period. G. W. S. Barrow, writing before Duncan advanced these arguments, noted that down to the end of King William's reign "the chronicle of Melrose Abbey ... represents a strongly 'Anglo-Norman' as opposed to a native Scottish point of view".^[13] It is thus possible that this anti-Scottish world-view reflected that of Jocelin's, at least before he left the abbey. Archibald Alexander McBeth Duncan (born 17 October 1926), FBA, FRHistS, FRSE, is a Scottish historian. ... The ruins of Fortrose Cathedral on the Black Isle. ... Geoffrey Wallis Steuart Barrow DLitt FBA FRSE is a British historian and academic, born at Headingley in Leeds. ...

After his election to the prestigious bishopric of Glasgow in 1174, Jocelin would continue exerting influence on his home monastery. Jocelin brought one of his monks from the abbey, a man called Michael, who acted as Jocelin's chaplain while Bishop of Glasgow.^[14] He did not resign his position as abbot until after his consecration in 1175. Jocelin consecrated his successors as abbot, and continued to spend a great deal of time there. Moreover, he used his position as bishop to offer the monastery patronage and protection.^[15] A chaplain is typically a member of the clergy serving a group of people who are not organized as a mission or church; lay chaplains are also found in some settings such as universities. ...

Bishop of Glasgow

The seal or signet of Jocelin, Bishop of Glasgow

After the death of his friend Bishop Enguerrand, Jocelin was elevated to the bishopric of Glasgow. He was elected on May 23, 1174. The election, like many other Scottish episcopal elections of the period, was done in the presence of the king, William the Lion, at Perth, near Scone, the chief residence of Scotland's kings.^[16] The election was probably done by compromissarii, meaning that the general chapter of the bishopric of Glasgow had selected a small group to which they delegated the power of election.^[17] Pope Alexander III was later told that Jocelin was elected by the dean and chapter of the see.^[18] The Chronicle of Melrose states that he was elected "by demand of the clergy, and of the people; and with the consent of the king himself",^[19] perhaps indicating that the decision had already been made by the Glasgow clergy before the formal election at Perth. The election was certainly an achievement. Cistercian bishops were rare in Great Britain, and Jocelin was only the second Cistercian to ascend a Scottish bishopric.^[20] Jocelin was required to go to France to obtain permission from the General Chapter of the Cistercian order at Cîteaux to resign the abbacy. Pope Alexander III had already sanctioned his consecration, and gave permission for the consecration to occur without forcing Jocelin to travel to Rome. Conveniently, it was at Cistercian house of Clairvaux that, sometime before March 15, 1175, Jocelin was consecrated by the Papal legate Eskil, Archbishop of Lund and Primate of Denmark.^[21] Jocelin had returned to the Kingdom of Scotland by April 10, and it is known that on May 23 he had consecrated a monk named Laurence as his successor at Melrose.^[22] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 420 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (629 × 897 pixel, file size: 119 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 420 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (629 × 897 pixel, file size: 119 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term... Seal on envelope A seal is an impression printed on, embossed upon, or affixed to a document (or any other object) in order to authenticate it, in lieu of or in addition to a signature. ... A signet is a seal used to authenticate a document, typically by leaving an impression in sealing wax. ... Enguerrand († 1174) was a 12th century bishop of Glasgow. ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... Events Vietnam is given the official name of Annam by China. ... It has been suggested that episcopal be merged into this article or section. ... William I the Lion ( known in Gaelic as Uilliam Garm1 or William the Rough), (1142/1143 - December 4, 1214) reigned as King of Scots from 1165 to 1214. ... The Royal Burgh of Perth (Peairt in Scottish Gaelic) is a large burgh in central Scotland. ... For the foodstuff see Scone (bread). ... This article incorporates text from the Catholic Encyclopedia, which is in the public domain. ... Alexander III, né Orlando Bandinelli (c. ... In religious terminology, a dean is a title accorded to persons holding cartain positions of authority within a religious heirarchy. ... A see (from the Latin word sedem, meaning seat) is the throne (cathedra) of a bishop. ... 16th century Citeaux, perspective view (engraving) Cîteaux Abbey (French: abbaye de Cîteaux) is a Catholic abbey located in Saint-Nicolas-lès-Cîteaux, south of Dijon, France. ... Nickname: The Eternal City Motto: SPQR: Senatus PopulusQue Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area    - City 1285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban... Clairvaux Abbey (Clara Vallis in Latin), a Cistercian monastery,was founded in 1115 by St. ... March 15 is the 74th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (75th in leap years). ... Events Ruaidri Ua Conchobair (Rory OConner), last High King of Ireland, submits to Henry II as vassal of Ireland with the Treaty of Windsor Ly Cao Ton becomes ruler of Vietnam William of Tyre becomes archbishop of Tyre Massacre of Abergavenny ends with several noblemen dead at the hands... A papal Legate, from the Decretals of Boniface VIII (1294 to 1303). ... Eskil was a 12th century Archbishop of Lund, in SkÃ¥ne, Denmark (now in Sweden). ... Christina Odenberg, Bishop of Lund since 1997. ... Catholic Patriarchal (non cardinal) coat of arms Primate (from the Latin Primus, first) is a title or rank bestowed on some bishops in certain Christian churches. ... Motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (Latin: No one strikes me with impunity) Capital Edinburgh¹ Language(s) Gaelic, Scots Government Monarchy King/Queen  - 843-860 Kenneth I  - 1587–1625 James VI  - 1702-1714 Anne Legislature Parliament of Scotland History  - United 843  - Union of the Crowns March 24, 1603  - Act of Union... April 10 is the 100th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (101st in leap years). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ...

A 19th-century artist's depiction of Jocelin's confrontation with the Archbishop of York in the presence of King Henry II at Northampton

He was soon faced with a political challenge to the independence of his church. The challenge came from the English church, and was not new, but had lain dormant for some decades. The reason it was awakened was that in the summer of 1174 King William had invaded northern England, and on July 13, having been caught underprotected during a siege at Alnwick, was captured and taken into English custody.^[23] The capture was disastrous for the king, leading to a revolt by Gilla Brigte, Lord of Galloway, and to many of William's discontented subjects "ruthlessly" slaying "their English and French neighbours" and perpetrating a "most wretched and widespread persecution of the English both in Scotland and Galloway", that is, of the English and French-speaking settlers William and his predecessors had planted around the castles and towns of his Gaelic-speaking territories in order to increase royal authority.^[24] Worse still, and more significantly for Jocelin, in the following year King Henry II of England forced William to sign the Treaty of Falaise, a treaty which made William Henry's vassal specifically for Scotland and sanctioned the subordination of the kingdom's bishoprics to the English church.^[25] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 341 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1439 × 2531 pixel, file size: 791 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Jocelin ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 341 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1439 × 2531 pixel, file size: 791 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Jocelin ... Events Vietnam is given the official name of Annam by China. ... July 13 is the 194th day (195th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 171 days remaining. ... For the parish in New Brunswick, see Alnwick, New Brunswick Alnwick (pronounced ) is a small market town in north Northumberland, in the north-east of England. ... Gille Brigte or Gilla Brigte mac Fergusa of Galloway (†1185), also known as Gillebrigte, Gille Brighde, Gilbridge, Gilbride, etc, and most famously known in French sources as Gilbert, was Lord of Galloway (from 1161 with Uchtred; 1174 alone, to 1185). ... Galloway (Scottish Gaelic, Gall-ghaidhealaibh or Gallobha, Lowland Scots Gallowa) today refers to the former counties of Wigtownshire and the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright in southwest Scotland, but has fluctuated greatly in size over history. ... Henry II of England (5 March 1133-6 July 1189) ruled as Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy, and as King of England (1154–1189) and, at various times, controlled parts of Wales, Scotland[], eastern Ireland, and western France. ... The Treaty of Falais was an agreement made in December 1174 by the captive William 1 King of Scots, and the English King Henry II. Having been captured in Battle at Alnwick, William was being held in Falaise in Normandy, while Henry sent and army north and took several Scottish...

Jocelin did not, in the end, submit either to the Archbishop of York or even the Archbishop of Canterbury and managed to obtain a Papal Bull which declared the see of Glasgow to be a "special daughter" of the Roman Patriarchate.^[26] Jocelin, moreover, does not seem to have been interested in the independence of the other "Scottish" sees, but merely to maintain his own episcopal independence, i.e. that of the bishopric of Glasgow. On August 10, 1175, along with many other Scottish-based magnates and prelates, Jocelin was at Henry's court giving his obedience to the king as stipulated in the treaty. Jocelin again appeared at King Henry's court in January 1176. This time church matters were on the agenda. When the Archbishop of York confronted Jocelin over the subordination of the bishopric of Glasgow to the archbishopric of York, Jocelin refused to acknowledge this part of the treaty, and presented him with the Papal Bull declaring Glasgow to be a "special daughter".^[27] Roger de Pont LEvêque was a contemporary of Thomas Becket. ... Richard (d. ... Papal bull of Pope Urban VIII, 1637, sealed with a leaden bulla. ... A patriarchate is the office or jurisdiction of a patriarch. ... August 10 is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events Ruaidri Ua Conchobair (Rory OConner), last High King of Ireland, submits to Henry II as vassal of Ireland with the Treaty of Windsor Ly Cao Ton becomes ruler of Vietnam William of Tyre becomes archbishop of Tyre Massacre of Abergavenny ends with several noblemen dead at the hands...

This Bull was confirmed by Pope Alexander's successor Pope Lucius III.^[28] Jocelin had obtained this confirmation while at Rome in late 1181 and early 1182. He had been sent there by King William, along with abbots of Melrose, Dunfermline and Kelso and the prior of Inchcolm, in order to appeal to the Pope regarding his stance in a struggle over the Bishopric of St Andrews and the sentence of excommunication and interdict the Pope had placed over the king and kingdom. The dispute concerned the election to the bishopric of John the Scot, which had been opposed by the king, who organised the election of his own candidate, Hugh. The mission was successful. The Pope lifted the interdict, absolved the king and appointed two legates to investigate the issue of the St Andrews succession. The Pope even sent the king a Golden Rose, an item usually given to the Prefect of Rome.^[29] The issue of the succession, however, did not go away. In 1186, Jocelin, along with the abbots of Melrose, Dunfermline and Newbattle, excommunicated Hugh on the instructions of Pope Lucius.^[30] Hugh travelled to Rome in 1188, and obtained absolution, but he died of the pestilence in that city a few days later, thus allowing the issue to be resolved.^[31] Lucius III, né Ubaldo Allucingoli (1097 – November 25, 1185), was pope from September 1, 1181 to his death. ... Dunfermline Abbey, circa 1919 Dunfermline Abbey and Church Illustration from Cassells History of England, circa 1902 The Prior, then Abbot and then Commendator of Dunfermline was the head of the Benedictine monastic community of Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland. ... The Abbot of Kelso (later Commendator of Kelso) was the head of the Tironensian monastic community at Kelso Abbey in the Scottish Borders. ... The Abbot of Inchcolm, or until 1235, the Prior of Inchcolm, was the head of the Augustinian monastic community of Inchcolm (Innse Choluim; Latin Insula Columbae; Lowland Scots: St Combs Isle). ... The Bishop of St. ... Excommunication is a religious censure used to deprive or suspend membership in a religious community. ... For other meanings see Interdict The word interdict usually refers to an ecclesiastical penalty in the Roman Catholic Church. ... John the Scot (Johannes cognomine Scotus) was a 12th century Bishop of Cell Rígmonaid (St Andrews). ... Hugh the Chaplain (or Hugo Capellanus) was the royal Chaplain of King William I of Scotland before becoming Bishop of Cell Rígmonaid (St Andrews), the highest ranking Scottish see of the period. ... Golden Rose of Minucchio da Siena (1330), given by Pope John XXII to Rudolph III of Nidau, Earl of Neuchâtel The Golden Rose is a precious and sacred ornament made of pure gold by skilled artificers, which the popes of the Roman Catholic Church have been accustomed for centuries... A prefect (from the Latin praefectus, perfect participle of praeficere: make in front, i. ... Newbattle Abbey was a Cistercian monastic community founded in 1140 by monks from Melrose Abbey. ...

Glasgow Cathedral today. Although most of the building is much later, the modern cathedral shares the same site as Jocelin's late 12th-century structure.

It is certainly obvious that Jocelin was one of the most respected figures in the kingdom. In this era, the Pope appointed Jocelin Judge-delegate (of the Papacy) more times than any other cleric in the kingdom.^[32] As a bishop and an ex-abbot, various bishoprics and monasteries called him in to mediate disputes, as evidenced by his frequent appearance as a witness in dispute settlements, such as the dispute between Arbroath Abbey and the Bishopric of St Andrews, and a dispute between Jedburgh Abbey and Dryburgh Abbey.^[33] Jocelin had the respect of the secular elite too. He witnessed 24 royal charters^[34] and 40 non-royal charters, including charters issued by David, Earl of Huntingdon (the brother of King William), Donnchadh, Earl of Carrick, and Alan Fitzwalter, High Steward of Scotland.^[35] Jocelin had been with King William when he visited the English court in 1186, and again accompanied the king to England when the king travelled to Woodstock near Oxford to marry Ermengarde de Beaumont on September 5, 1186. The marriage was blessed by Bishop Jocelin in their chamber, and it was to Jocelin's escort that King William entrusted her for the journey to Scotland. When a son was born to William and Ermengarde, the future King Alexander II, it was Jocelin who performed the baptism.^[36] In April 1194, Jocelin again travelled to England in King William's company when William was visiting King Richard I.^[37] Jocelin's intimacy with the king would be the key to earning his patronage, thus making possible the legacy that Jocelin would leave to Glasgow. Download high resolution version (600x800, 88 KB)photo by David Wyatt from http://www. ... Download high resolution version (600x800, 88 KB)photo by David Wyatt from http://www. ... Arbroath Abbey, showing distinctive sandstone colouring. ... Jedburgh Abbey from the River, 1798-99 by Thomas Girtin Jedburgh Abbey is an extremely old but important abbey in a poor state of repair, situated in Jedburgh, in the Borders of Scotland. ... Dryburgh Abbey was founded in 1152 by Premonstratensian monks, on a site perhaps made sacred by Saint Modan around 600. ... David of Scotland pictured in Sir Walter Scotts 1832 crusader novel The Talisman. ... Donnchad mac Gillai Brigte (or alternatively, Duncan fils de Gilbert) (d. ... Alan Fitzwalter was born circa 1140 and died circa 1204. ... Map sources for Woodstock at grid reference SP4416 Woodstock is a small town in Oxfordshire in the United Kingdom. ... Oxford is a city and local government district in Oxfordshire, England, with a population of 134,248 (2001 census). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... September 5 is the 248th day of the year (249th in leap years). ... Events John the Chanter becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... Alexander II (August 24, 1198 – July 6, 1249), king of Scotland, son of William I, the Lion, and of Ermengarde of Beaumont, was born at Haddington, East Lothian, in 1198, and succeeded to the kingdom on the death of his father on 4 December 1214. ... Baptism in early Christian art. ... Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 1189 to 1199. ...

Legacy and death

This is a 19th-century depiction of some columns in the crypt of Glasgow Cathedral; it is one of the few structures said to have survived from Jocelin's era.

His years at Glasgow left a mark on history that can be compared favourably with any previous or future bishop. Jocelin commissioned his namesake Jocelin of Furness, the same man who had written the Life of St. Waltheof, to write a Life of St. Kentigern, a task all the more necessary because, after 1159, the Papacy claimed the right to canonise saints.^[38] Kentigern, or Mungo as he is popularly known,^[39] was the saint traditionally associated with the see of Glasgow, and his status therefore reflected on Glasgow as a church and cult-centre. There had already been a cathedral at Glasgow before Jocelin's episcopate. The idea that the ecclesiastical establishment before Jocelin was simply a small church with a larger Gaelic or British monastic establishment has been discredited by scholars.^[40] Jocelin did, though, expand the cathedral significantly. As the Chronicle of Melrose reports for 1181, Jocelin "gloriously enlarged the church of St Kentigern".^[41] However, more work was created for the builders when, sometime between the years 1189 and 1195, there was a fire at the cathedral. Jocelin thus had to commission another rebuilding effort.^[42] The new cathedral was dedicated, according to the Chronicle of Melrose, on July 6, 1197.^[43] It was built in the Romanesque manner, and although little survives of it today, it is thought to have been influenced by the cathedral of Lund, the archbishop of which had consecrated Jocelin as bishop.^[44] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Canonization is the process of declaring someone a saint and involves proving that a candidate has lived in such a way that he or she qualifies for this. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Lund Cathedral Byggnaden The Lund Cathedral, or Lunds Domkyrka, is a cathedral in Lund, Sweden. ...

However, he left a still greater legacy to the city of Glasgow. At some point between the years 1175 and 1178, Jocelin obtained from King William a grant of burghal status for the settlement of Glasgow, with a market every Thursday. The grant of a market was the first ever official grant of a weekly market to a burgh. Moreover, between 1189 and 1195, King William granted the burgh an annual fair, a fair still in existence today, increasing Glasgow's status as an important settlement. As well as new revenues for the bishop, the rights entailed by Glasgow's new burghal status and market privileges brought new people to the settlement, one of the first of whom was one Ranulf de Haddington, a former burghess of Haddington. The new settlement was laid out (probably under the influence of the burgh of Haddington) around Glasgow Cross, down the hill from the cathedral and old fort of Glasgow, but above the flood level of the River Clyde.^[45] A Royal Burgh is a type of Scottish burgh (town or city), used today for ceremonial purposes only. ... Haddington. ... An editor has expressed a concern that the subject of the article does not satisfy the notability guideline or one of the following guidelines for inclusion on Wikipedia: Biographies, Books, Companies, Fiction, Music, Neologisms, Numbers, Web content, or several proposals for new guidelines. ... The River Clyde, looking eastwards upstream, as it passes beneath the Kingston Bridge in Central Glasgow. ...

When Jocelin died, he was back at Melrose Abbey, where his career had begun. He may have retired to Melrose knowing his death was near.^[46] Jocelin certainly did die at Melrose, passing away on St Patrick's Day (March 17), 1199. He was buried in the monks' choir of Melrose Abbey Church.^[47] Hugh de Roxburgh, Chancellor of Scotland, was elected as Jocelin's replacement. The Chronicle of Melrose has only a short obituary.^[48]
St. ... The choir stalls in the quire of Bristol Cathedral, Bristol, England A quire is the area of a church where the liturgical singers sit, also known as the choir located usually in the western part of the chancel (between the nave and the altar), but occasionally in the eastern part... Hugh or Hugo de Roxburgh or Hugo Cancellarius was a late 12th century Chancellor of Scotland and bishop of Glasgow. ... The Lord Chancellor of Scotland was a senior pre-Union officer in Scotland. ...

Notes

February 22 is the 53rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events Vietnam is given the official name of Annam by China. ... Enguerrand († 1174) was a 12th century bishop of Glasgow. ... The Archbishop of Glasgow is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Glasgow. ... William of Newburgh (1136?-1198?), also known as Nubrigensis, was a 12th century English historian, and monk, from Yorkshire. ...

References

Alan Orr Anderson (1879-1958) was a Scottish historian and compiler. ... Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson (9 February 1909–27 May 2002) was a Scottish historian and paleographer. ... Geoffrey Wallis Steuart Barrow DLitt FBA FRSE is a British historian and academic, born at Headingley in Leeds. ... Dauvit Broun (David Brown) is a Scottish historian based at the University of Glasgow, and one of the most prominent and influential scholars in the field of medieval Scottish or Celtic studies. ... John Dowden (1840-1910) was an Irish cleric and ecclesiastical historian. ... Archibald Alexander McBeth Duncan (born 17 October 1926), FBA, FRHistS, FRSE, is a Scottish historian. ... Richard Oram is a Scottish historian and freelance author. ... William Forbes Skene (1809–1892), Scottish historian and antiquary, was the second son of Sir Walter Scotts friend, James Skene (1775–1864), of Rubislaw, near Aberdeen, and was born on June 7 1809. ...

Further reading

• Driscoll, Stephen T., Excavations at Glasgow Cathedral, Society for Medieval Archaeology Monograph 18, (Leeds, 2002)
• Driscoll, Stephen T., "Excavations in Glasgow Cathedral: A preliminary report on the archaeological discoveries made in 1992–3", in Glasgow Archaeological Journal, 17, (1992), pp. 63–76
• Duncan, A.A.M., "St Kentigern in Glasgow Cathedral in the twelfth century", in Richard Fawcett (ed.), Medieval Art and Architecture in the Diocese of Glasgow, (Leeds, 1998)
• Forbes, A.P. (ed.), Lives of St Ninian and St Kentigern, (Edinburgh, 1874)

External links

• Cynthia Whidden Green, "Saint Kentigern, Apostle to Strathclyde: A critical analysis of a northern saint"
• Catholic Encyclopedia, "Jocelin"
• The Glasgow Story, "Bishop Jocelin"
• "Melrose Abbey — Factsheet", BBC website

See also

• Christianity in Medieval Scotland
• Roman Catholicism in Great Britain
• Scotland in the High Middle Ages