NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell, DBE, FRS FRAS, Ph.D (born as Susan Jocelyn Bell, 15 July 1943) is an astrophysicist, who, as a postgraduate student, discovered the first radio pulsars with her thesis advisor Antony Hewish, for which he won a Nobel Prize. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... Commanders Badge of the Order of the British Empire The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is an order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by George V. The Order includes five classes in civil and military divisions, in order of seniority: Knight or Dame Grand Cross... The Fellowship of the Royal Society was founded in 1660. ... The Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) began as the Astronomical Society of London in 1820 to support astronomical research (mainly carried on at the time by gentleman astronomers rather than professionals). ... Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Spiral Galaxy ESO 269-57 Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that deals with the physics of the universe, including the physical properties (luminosity, density, temperature, and chemical composition) of celestial objects such as stars, galaxies, and the interstellar medium, as well as their interactions. ... It has been suggested that Radio pulsar be merged into this article or section. ... Antony Hewish (born Fowey, Cornwall, May 11, 1924) is a British radio astronomer who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974 (together with fellow radio-astronomer Martin Ryle) for his work on the development of radio aperture synthesis and its role in the discovery of pulsars. ...

As Hewish's graduate student, Bell first noticed the radio source which was ultimately recognised as the first pulsar. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2400x2400, 314 KB) A composite image of the Crab Nebula showing the X-ray (blue), and optical (red) images superimposed. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2400x2400, 314 KB) A composite image of the Crab Nebula showing the X-ray (blue), and optical (red) images superimposed. ...

The paper announcing the discovery had five authors, Hewish's name being listed first, Bell's second. Hewish was awarded the Nobel Prize, along with Martin Ryle, without the inclusion of Bell as a co-recipient, which was controversial, and was roundly condemned by Hewish's fellow astronomer Fred Hoyle.^[1] Others, however, have noted that the prize was given to Ryle and Hewish for their work across the field of radio-astronomy as a whole, with particular mention of Ryle's work on aperture-synthesis, and Hewish's on pulsars. The Nobel Prizes (Swedish: ) are awarded for Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Peace, and Physiology or Medicine. ... Sir Martin Ryle (September 27, 1918 – October 14, 1984) was a British radio astronomer who developed revolutionary radio telescope systems (see e. ...

Northern Ireland (Irish: ) is a part of the United Kingdom lying in the northeast of the island of Ireland, covering 5,459 square miles (14,139 kmÂ², about a sixth of the islands total area). ... Spiral Galaxy ESO 269-57 Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that deals with the physics of the universe, including the physical properties (luminosity, density, temperature, and chemical composition) of celestial objects such as stars, galaxies, and the interstellar medium, as well as their interactions. ... Sir Frederick Hoyle, FRS, (born on June 24, 1915 in Gilstead, Yorkshire, England â€“ August 20, 2001 in Bournemouth, England)[1] was a British astronomer, he was educated at Bingley Grammar School and notable for a number of his theories that run counter to current astronomical opinion, and a writer of... The Religious Society of Friends, commonly known as Quakers, or Friends, is a religious community founded in England in the 17th century. ...

Background and family life

Born in Belfast, Northern Ireland, where her father was an architect for the nearby Armagh Planetarium,^[2] she enjoyed a large library and was encouraged to read. She was especially drawn to the books on astronomy. At eleven, she failed the 11+ exam and her parents sent her to the Mount School, York, a Quaker girls' boarding school^[3]. There she was impressed by a physics teacher who taught her: This article is about the city in Northern Ireland. ... Northern Ireland (Irish: ) is a part of the United Kingdom lying in the northeast of the island of Ireland, covering 5,459 square miles (14,139 kmÂ², about a sixth of the islands total area). ... Armagh Planetarium is a planetarium situated in Armagh, Northern Ireland. ... The Eleven Plus was an examination which was given to students in their last year of primary education in the United Kingdom under the Tripartite System. ... The Mount is a boarding school in York. ... The Religious Society of Friends, commonly known as Quakers, or Friends, is a religious community founded in England in the 17th century. ...

She married Martin Burnell in 1968, and they have one son, Gavin, born in 1973, and a grandson, Matthew, born in 2005.

Academic career

She graduated from the University of Glasgow with a B.Sc. in physics in 1965 and received her Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge in 1969. At Cambridge, she worked with Hewish and others to construct^[4] a radio telescope for using interplanetary scintillation to study quasars, which had recently been discovered (interplanetary scintillation allows compact sources to be distinguished from extended ones). Detecting a bit of "scruff" on her chart recorder papers that tracked across the sky with the stars, Bell Burnell found that the signal was regularly pulsing, about once each second. Temporarily dubbed "Little Green Man 1" the source was eventually identified as a rapidly rotating neutron star. Master of Theology (MTh) Dentistry Nursing Affiliations Russell Group, Universitas 21 Website http://www. ... A Bachelor of Science (B.S., B.Sc. ... This is a discussion of a present category of science. ... Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. ... The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University), located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world and has a reputation as one of the worlds most prestigious universities. ... The 64 meter radio telescope at Parkes Observatory A radio telescope is a form of directional radio antenna most often used in radio astronomy and in tracking and collecting data from satellites and space probes (see Deep Space Network), and are also used in the SETI project. ... Scintillation or twinkling are generic terms for rapid variations in apparent brightness or color of a distant luminous object viewed through the atmosphere. ... This view, taken with infrared light, is a false-color image of a quasar-starburst tandem with the most luminous starburst ever seen in such a combination. ... For the Hugo Award-winning story by Larry Niven, see Neutron Star (story). ...

After finishing her PhD, Bell Burnell worked at the University of Southampton (1968-73), University College London (1974-82) and the Royal Observatory, Edinburgh (1982-91). In addition, from 1973 to 1987 she was also a tutor, consultant, examiner and lecturer for the Open University.^[5] In 1991 she was appointed Professor of Physics at the Open University, a position she held for ten years. She was also a visiting professor at Princeton University. Before retiring Bell Burnell was Dean of Science at the University of Bath between 2001 and 2004,^[6] and was President of the Royal Astronomical Society between 2002 and 2004. She is currently Visiting Professor of Astrophysics at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Mansfield College.^[7] The University of Southampton is a university situated in the city of Southampton, on the south coast of Great Britain. ... Affiliations University of London Russell Group LERU EUA ACU Golden Triangle G5 Website http://www. ... The Royal Observatory, Edinburgh (ROE) is located on Blackford Hill in the south of the city of Edinburgh. ... Affiliations Alliance of Non-Aligned Universities, Association of Commonwealth Universities, European Association of Distance Teaching Universities, Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Website http://www. ... Princeton University is a private coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey. ... The University of Bath is a campus university located near Bath, England. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) began as the Astronomical Society of London in 1820 to support astronomical research (mainly carried on at the time by gentleman astronomers rather than professionals). ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The University of Oxford (usually abbreviated as Oxon. ... Mansfield College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. ...

Non-academic life

Bell is the house patron of Burnell House at Cambridge House Grammar School in Ballymena, Northern Ireland, and sits on the Advisory Board of the Faraday Institute for Science and Religion. Cambridge House Grammar School is a mixed, controlled grammar school in the County Antrim town of Ballymena, Northern Ireland. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: , Statistics Province: Ulster County: District: Ballymena Borough Council UK Parliament: North Antrim European Parliament: Northern Ireland Dialling Code: 028, +44 28 Post Town: Ballymena Postal District(s): BT42-44 Population (2001) 28,717 Ballymena (from the Irish: An Baile MeÃ¡nach meaning middle townland) is a... Faraday Institute Logo The Faraday Institute is a research institute at St Edmunds College, Cambridge. ...

She has campaigned to improve the status and number of women in professional and academic posts in the fields of physics and astronomy.^[8]

Quaker activities and beliefs

From her school days, Bell has remained an active Quaker and served as Clerk to the sessions of Britain Yearly Meeting in 1995, 1996 and 1997. She delivered a Swarthmore Lecture under the title Broken for life,^[9] at Yearly Meeting in Aberdeen on August 1, 1989. â€œQuakerâ€ redirects here. ... The clerk of a Quaker meeting is a critical role for the conduct of Quaker affairs. ... 2006 Swarthmore Lecture at Friends House, London. ... Britain Yearly Meeting is the umbrella body for the Britain (England, Scotland, Wales, the Channel Isles and the Isle of Man). ... For other uses, see Aberdeen (disambiguation). ... is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ...

Bell revealed her personal religious history and beliefs in an interview with Joan Bakewell in 2006.^[10] She served on the Quaker Peace and Social Witness Testimonies Committee, which produced Engaging with the Quaker Testimonies: a Toolkit in February 2007,^[11] and wrote the introductory essay. Joan Bakewell (born Joan Dawson Rowlands on April 16, 1933) is a British journalist and television presenter. ... Quaker Peace & Social Witness (QPSW), previously known as the British Friends Service Council, are an organisation of Quakers based in Britain that work to promote and put into practice the Quaker testimonies of equality, justice, peace, simplicity and truth. ... â€œQuakerâ€ redirects here. ...

Honours

Although she was overlooked and didn't share the 1974 Nobel Prize for Physics with Hewish for her discovery, she has been honoured by many other organisations: The Nobel Prize controversies are contentious disputes regarding the Nobel Prize. ... The Nobel Prizes (Swedish: ) are awarded for Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Peace, and Physiology or Medicine. ...

She has been awarded numerous honorary degrees, for instance, recently: Franklin Institute Front steps as seen from the adjacent Moore College This article is about the science museum in Philadelphia. ... The Beatrice M. Tinsley Prize is awarded every other year by the American Astronomical Society in recognition of an outstanding research contribution to astronomy or astrophysics of an exceptionally creative or innovative character. ... The American Astronomical Society (AAS) is a US society of professional astronomers and other interested individuals, headquartered in Washington, DC. The main aim of the AAS is provide a political voice for its members and organise their lobbying. ... The Herschel Medal is a medal of the Royal Astronomical Society. ... The Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) began as the Astronomical Society of London in 1820 to support astronomical research (mainly carried on at the time by gentleman astronomers rather than professionals). ... Karl Guthe Jansky (October 22, 1905 â€“ February 14, 1950), was an American physicist and radio engineer who in August 1931 first discovered radio waves emanating from the Milky Way. ... The National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) is an institution set up by the United States government for the purpose of radio astronomy. ... The Magellanic Premium also known as the Magellanic Gold Medal and Magellanic Prize was established in 1786 through a grant by the grandson of Ferdinand Magellan Jean-Hyacynthe Magellan. ... The American Philosophical Society is a discussion group founded as the Junto in 1743 by Benjamin Franklin. ... For other uses, see Royal Society (disambiguation). ...

She was made a Dame of the Order of the British Empire in June 2007.^[17] Harvard University (incorporated as The President and Fellows of Harvard College) is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and a member of the Ivy League. ... The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. The Order includes five classes in civil and military divisions; in decreasing order of seniority, these are Knight Grand Cross or Dame Grand Cross (GBE) Knight Commander...

Further reading

For additional titles See Reference ^[5] Antony Hewish (born Fowey, Cornwall, May 11, 1924) is a British radio astronomer who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974 (together with fellow radio-astronomer Martin Ryle) for his work on the development of radio aperture synthesis and its role in the discovery of pulsars. ... February 24 is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

^ Judson, Horace. "No Nobel Prize for Whining", New York Times, 2003-10-20. Retrieved on 2007-08-03.
^ Johnston, Colin. "Pulsar Pioneer visits us", Astronotes, Armagh Planetarium, March 2007, pp. 2-3. Retrieved on 2007-07-10.
^ At Mount School 1956 – 61. She is the 2007 President of the Old Scholars' Association.
^ "...upon entering the faculty, each student was issued a set of tools: a pair of plyers, a pair on long-nose plyers, a wire cutter, and a screwdriver...", said during a public lecture in Montreal during the 40 Years of Pulsars conference, August 14, 2007
^ ^a ^b Jocelyn Bell Burnell. Contributions of 20th Century Women to Physics (CWP). Retrieved on 2007-07-07. (biography at UCLA)
^ University of Bath Press Release, announcing Bell Burnell's retirement
^ Queen's Birthday Honours 2007. University of Oxford (18 June 2007). Retrieved on 2007-07-10.
^ Article by Bell Burnell in Science:"So Few Pulsars, So Few Females" 23 April 2004: Vol. 304. no. 5670, p. 489 See also Belfast Telegraph's interview, at this time.
^ Details of the print version of the lecture are given in the Bibliography
^ Transcript of interview by Joan Bakewell for the BBC Radio 3 series "Belief" (2 January 2006)
^ Engaging with the Quaker Testimonies: a Toolkit, 2007 ISBN 0-90168959-9
^ Franklin Institute citation
^ Official list of Jansky Lecturers
^ Official list of Premium winners
^ Royal Society article about Bell Burnell, with portrait
^ Honorary degrees awarded at Commencement’s Morning Exercises, Harvard Crimson, June 7, 2007
^ Guardian Commentary on the Birthday Honours, 16 June 2007

Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 215th day of the year (216th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Armagh Planetarium is a planetarium situated in Armagh, Northern Ireland. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 191st day of the year (192nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Binomial name Ucla xenogrammus Holleman, 1993 The largemouth triplefin, Ucla xenogrammus, is a fish of the family Tripterygiidae and only member of the genus Ucla, found in the Pacific Ocean from Viet Nam, the Philippines, Palau and the Caroline Islands to Papua New Guinea, Australia (including Christmas Island), and the... The University of Oxford (usually abbreviated as Oxon. ... is the 169th day of the year (170th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 191st day of the year (192nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Categories: Cleanup from June 2007 | All pages needing cleanup | 1943 births | Academics of the Open University | Academics of the University of Bath | Academics of the University of Southampton | Alumni of the University of Glasgow | British academics | Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire | Fellows of the Royal Society | Living people | Members and associates of the United States National Academy of Sciences | Northern Irish astronomers | Northern Irish educators | Northern Irish physicists | Northern Irish Quakers | Winners of the Beatrice M. Tinsley Prize | Women astronomers BBC Northern Ireland is the main public service broadcaster in Northern Ireland. ... is the 164th day of the year (165th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Northern Ireland (Irish: ) is a part of the United Kingdom lying in the northeast of the island of Ireland, covering 5,459 square miles (14,139 kmÂ², about a sixth of the islands total area). ...

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