Joel Parker (November 24, 1816 – January 2, 1888) was an American politician, best known as the Governor of the State of New Jersey from 1863-1866 and from 1871-1874. This is a list of governors of New Jersey. ... State nickname: The Garden State Official languages None defined Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Governor Richard Codey (D) Acting, Outgoing Jon Corzine (D) (Governor-Elect) Senators Jon Corzine (D) (Outgoing) Bob Menendez (D) (named as Corzines replacement) Frank Lautenberg (D) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 47th 22,608 km² 14. ... 1863 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1866 is a common year starting on Monday. ... 1871 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1874 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

Early life, family

Born near Freehold, New Jersey to Charles and Sarah (Coward) Parker, he attended the College of New Jersey, later known as Princeton University, graduating in the class of 1839. He worked in the law office of Henry W. Green and was admitted to the bar in 1842. Freehold, New Jersey is made up of two municipalities. ... one of the earlier names for Princeton University Trenton State College is now known as The College of New Jersey This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Princeton University, located in Princeton, New Jersey, is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States. ... 1839 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

He married Maria Gummere in 1843 and the couple had two sons and a daughter. 1843 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

Political career

A Democrat, he was elected to the New Jersey State Legislature in 1847 and later became the "prosecutor of pleas" of Monmouth County. He continued to be active in politics and served as a New Jersey elector in the U.S. presidential election, 1860, casting his vote for Stephen A. Douglas. The Democratic Party is one of the two major political parties in the United States. ... The Legislature of New Jersey is the U.S. state of New Jerseys legislative branch, seated at the states capital, Trenton. ... 1847 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Monmouth County is a county located in the state of New Jersey. ... An electoral college is a set of electors who are empowered as a deliberative body to elect someone to a particular office. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... Stephen Arnold Douglas (April 23, 1813–June 3, 1861), American politician from Illinois, was one of the Democratic Party nominees for President in 1860 (the other being John C. Breckinridge of Kentucky). ...

In 1860, New Jersey Governor Charles S. Olden appointed Parker Major General of the New Jersey militia. 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... Insignia of a United States Air Force Major General German Generalmajor Insignia Major General is a military rank used in many countries. ... A militia is a group of citizens organized to provide paramilitary service. ...

Governor, first term

He was nominated for Governor by the Democratic Party in 1862, and ran as a "war Democrat" who supported a military solution to the American Civil War rather than accommodation of the Confederacy. He defeated Marcus L. Ward by the largest margin in State history. 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... War Democrats were those who broke with the majority of the Democratic Party and supported the military policies of President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War of 1861-1865. ... The American Civil War (1861–1865) was fought in North America within the United States of America, between twenty-four mostly northern states of the Union and the Confederate States of America, a coalition of eleven southern states that declared their independence and claimed the right of secession from the... A confederacy can refer to: A form of government formed as a union of political organizations, though it differs from a republic in that the separate political units retain a greater degree of sovereignty over themselves. ... Marcus Lawrence Ward (1812–1884) was a United States political figure. ...

Although staunchly in favor of the war, Parker was also highly critical of the Lincoln Administration's actions with respect to curtailing civil liberties in the name of the war effort, castigating Lincoln for suspending habeus corpus and for what Parker considered the unconstitutional nature of the Emancipation Proclamation. Civil liberties are protections from the power of governments. ... In common law jurisdictions, habeas corpus, or more precisely habeas corpus ad subjiciendum, is a prerogative writ which requires the addressee to produce in court a person in its custody and justify his or her imprisonment. ... This article describes the 1862 United States proclamation freeing slaves in some parts of the U.S. For the 1834 act banning slavery in the colonies of the British Empire, see British emancipation. ...

In 1863 Parker attended the ceremonies dedicating the Soldiers' National Monument at which Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address. 1863 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... The only known photo of Lincoln at Gettysburg (seated, center), taken about noon, just after Lincoln arrived and some three hours before he spoke. ...

After serving as Governor, Parker returned to the practice of law.

He was the "favorite son" candidate supported by New Jersey electors at the Democratic National Conventions in 1868, 1876, and 1884. Favorite son is a political term that can refer to two different types of politicians: A politician whose electoral appeal is mostly driven from his regional appeal, rather than his political views. ... Featured at the Democratic National Convention are speeches by prominent party figures. ... 1868 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1876 is a leap year starting on Saturday. ... 1884 is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar). ...

Parker was re-elected Governor in 1871 and served until 1874. He was then Attorney General of New Jersey and later served as a justice on the State Supreme Court (1880-1888). 1871 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1874 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... In most common law jurisdictions, the Attorney General is the main legal adviser to the government, and in some jurisdictions may in addition have executive responsibility for law enforcement or responsibility for public prosecutions. ...

References

• http://www.njstatelib.org/NJ_Information/Digital_Collections/Governors_of_New_Jersey/GPARK.pdf