Grand Rabbi Joel Teitelbaum of Satmar

Grand Rabbi Joel (Yoel) Teitelbaum, (1887-1979), known variously as Reb Yoelish and the Satmar Rav (or Rebbe) (יואל טייטלבוים), was a prominent Hungarian Hasidic rebbe and Talmudic scholar. He was probably the best known Haredi opponent of all forms of modern political Zionism. But his opposition to Zionism was only part of a much wider approach to Judaism that revivified many Hungarian and Transylvanian Jewish survivors of the Holocaust and led to a renaissance of the 'Ungarish' (Hungary-originated) Hasidic community. Image File history File links GrandRabbiJoelTeitelbaumofSatmar. ... Image File history File links GrandRabbiJoelTeitelbaumofSatmar. ... For the town in Italy, see Rabbi, Italy Rabbi (Sephardic Hebrew רִבִּי ribbÄ«; Ashkenazi Hebrew רֶבִּי rebbÄ« or rebbÉ™; and modern Israeli רַבִּי rabbÄ«) in Judaism, means teacher, or more literally great one. The word Rabbi is derived from the Hebrew root-word RaV, which in biblical Hebrew means great or distinguished (in... Satmar (or Satmar Hasidism or Satmarer Hasidim) (חסידות סאטמאר) is a movement of Orthodox Haredi Jews who adhere to Hasidism originating in the town of Szatmárnémeti (now Satu Mare, Romania), at that time in the Kingdom of Hungary. ... It has been suggested that Hasidic philosophy be merged into this article or section. ... now. ... The first page of the Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Berachot, folio 2a The Talmud (Hebrew: תלמוד) is a record of rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history. ... Haredi or Charedi Judaism, often referred to as Ultra-Orthodox Judaism, is the most theologically conservative form of Orthodox Judaism. ... Zionism is a political movement that supports a homeland for the Jewish people in the Land of Israel, where Jewish nationhood is thought to have evolved somewhere between 1200 BCE and late Second Temple times,[1][2] and where Jewish kingdoms existed up to the 2nd century CE. Zionism is... Map of Romania with Transylvania in yellow Transylvania (Romanian: or Transilvania; Hungarian: ; German: ; Serbian: or Erdelj / Ердељ) is a historical region in the center of Romania. ... Concentration camp inmates during the Holocaust The Holocaust was Nazi Germanys systematic genocide (ethnic cleansing) of various ethnic, religious, national, and secular groups during World War II. Early elements include the Kristallnacht pogrom and the T-4 Euthanasia Program established by Hitler that killed some 200,000 people. ...

Early years

Teitelbaum was the youngest son of, Grand Rabbi Chananyah Yom Tov Lipa Teitelbaum (died 1904), who served as the rabbi of Sighet in Romania (at that time Hungary). An impetuous child, he was renowned from a young age for his sharp tongue and brilliant analytical skills. During the 1920s, he served as the rabbi of Krole (Nagykaroly or Carei) near Satmar (Satu Mare). In 1928, he was invited to become the rabbi of Satmar, but vigorous opposition to his appointment led to bitter fighting and he was unable to take up his position until 1934. Upon his departure from Krole, the local community appointed Rabbi Abishel Horowitz, a son-in-law of the Spinka Rebbe. Teitelbaum was opposed to Horowitz's appointment - mainly because those who had appointed him were eager to change various decrees that Teitelbaum had imposed on the Krole Jewish community - and he nominated another successor in his place. As a result of Teitelbaum's interference in the affairs of the community after his departure, a nasty feud developed between his devotees and the hasidim of Spinka - who supported Horowitz. The feud smoldered on right up until the community was destroyed during the Holocaust. Horowitz himself was murdered in Auschwitz. After World War II, Horowitz's son, Samuel Tzvi Horowitz (aka 'Reb Hershele Spinker'), became the Spinka Rebbe of Williamsburg, NY. He reconciled with Teitelbaum and they maintained cordial relations. This article needs copyediting (checking for proper English spelling, grammar, usage, etc. ... Sighet, also spelled Sighetul MarmaÅ£iei (Hungarian: Máramarossziget, Ruthenian: Sihota), formely Sighet, is a city in MaramureÅŸ county near Iza river, in Romania. ... County Satu Mare County Status Municipality Mayor Beko Tamas, Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania, since 2004 Area 102 km² Population (2002) 23,260 Density 130 inh/km² Geographical coordinates , Carei (Hungarian: Nagykároly, German: Grosskarol/Großkarl) is a city in Satu Mare County, northwestern Romania, near the border... County Satu Mare County Status County capital Mayor Iuliu Ilyés, from Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania, since 2004 Population (2002) 115. ... Spinka is the name of a Hasidic group within Orthodox Judaism. ... Concentration camp inmates during the Holocaust The Holocaust was Nazi Germanys systematic genocide (ethnic cleansing) of various ethnic, religious, national, and secular groups during World War II. Early elements include the Kristallnacht pogrom and the T-4 Euthanasia Program established by Hitler that killed some 200,000 people. ... Auschwitz, in English, commonly refers to the Auschwitz concentration camp complex built near the town of Oświęcim, by Nazi Germany during World War II. Rarely, it may refer to the Polish town of Oświęcim (called by the Germans Auschwitz) itself. ... Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead... This article or section needs a complete rewrite for the reasons listed on the talk page. ...

Private life and family

By the age of 17, he married the daughter of Rabbi Abraham Chaim Horowitz, the Plantcher Rav. She died in the 1920s and, after a couple of years, he remarried to Alte Faige née Shapiro. He had three daughters from his first marriage: Esther, Rachel and Roysele. They all died in his lifetime: Esther died during childhood; Rachel died 6 months after she married her first cousin, R' Zalmen Leib Teitelbaum, the Rav of Sighet; and Roysele (the only of his children to survive the holocaust), who married R' Lipa Teitelbaum, the Semihaya Rav, and died during pregnancy in 1953 in the US. His second wife did not bear him any children. Thus, whilst his second wife survived him, he was not survived by any children. This was the source of a succession dispute after his death.

The Holocaust

"Blood for goods" proposal
Background
Auschwitz The Holocaust Hungary: WWII Jews in Hungary
People and events
Kurt Becher Joel Brand Adolf Eichmann Heinrich Himmler Rudolf Kastner Kastner train Vaada Chaim D. Weissmandl
Others
Malchiel Gruenwald Joel Teitelbaum Rudolf Vrba Vrba-Wetzler report Alfréd Wetzler
Sources
Yehuda Bauer John Conway Ben Hecht Raul Hilberg Miroslav Karny Ruth Linn

Teitelbaum was rescued from death in the Holocaust during 1944 in Nazi-controlled Transylvania as a result of a deal between a Hungarian Zionist official, Rudolph Kastner, and a deputy of Adolf Eichmann. Although Kastner intended to rescue only Hungarian Zionists on a special train bound for Switzerland, Teitelbaum and a few other religious Jews were also given seats. (Some of Teitelbaum's followers believe it was the result of a dream in which Kastner's father-in-law was informed by his late mother that if Teitelbaum were not included on the train, none of the passengers would survive.) En route, the train was re-routed by the Germans to Bergen-Belsen, where the 1600 passengers languished for four months while awaiting further negotiations between rescue activists and the Nazi leadership. In the end, the train was released and continued on to Switzerland. Rudolf (Resző) Kasztner (1906, Cluj, Transylvania–March 15, 1957, Tel Aviv, Israel) was the head of the Jewish community in Budapest, Hungary during the World War II occupation of the country by Nazi Germany. ... Rudolf Kastner The Kastner train, or Kastner transport, refers to a trainload of 1,684 Jews who escaped from Nazi-controlled Hungary in 1944. ... Auschwitz, Konzentrationslager Auschwitz-Birkenau, KL Auschwitz, Nazi German Concentration Camp of Auschwitz was the largest of the Nazi German extermination camps, along with a number of concentration camps, comprising three main camps and 40 to 50 sub-camps. ... This article is becoming very long. ... See also the history of Europe, the history of present-day nations and states, Hungary before the Magyars, and Hungary. ... History of the Jews in Hungary concerns the Jews of Hungary and of Hungarian origins. ... Kurt Andreas Ernst Becher (September 12, 1909 – August, 1995) was an SS Untersturmführer (lieutenant) and later a Standartenführer (colonel) who was active in Hungary during the German occupation in 1944. ... Joel Brand Joel Brand (1907 – 1964) was a Hungarian Jew who played a prominent role in trying to save the Hungarian Jewish community from deportation to the German death camp at Auschwitz during the Holocaust. ... The image at the top of this page is licensed under the GNU LGPL. This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2. ... Adolf Eichmann, Germany 1940. ... // Reichsführer-SS (RF-SS) (Reich Leader of the SS) in the NSDAP (1929-1945) Reichs- und Preussischer Minister des Innern (Reich & Prussian Minister of the Interior) of Germany (August 1943-1945) Chef der Deutschen Polizei (ChdDtP) (Chief of German police) (June 1936-1945) (Chief of Army Equipment and Commander... Rudolf (Resző) Kasztner (1906, Cluj, Transylvania–March 15, 1957, Tel Aviv, Israel) was the head of the Jewish community in Budapest, Hungary during the World War II occupation of the country by Nazi Germany. ... Rudolf Kastner The Kastner train, or Kastner transport, refers to a trainload of 1,684 Jews who escaped from Nazi-controlled Hungary in 1944. ... The Aid and Rescue Committee, or Vaadat Ha-Ezrah ve-ha-Hatzalah be-Budapesht (name in Hebrew: ועדת העזרה וההצלה בבודפשט; called the Vaada) [1] was a small committee of Zionists based in Budapest in 1944-5, who were dedicated to helping Jews escape the Holocaust during the German occupation of Hungary. ... Rabbi Chaim Michael Dov Weissmandl (1903-1957) became famous for his tireless efforts to the save the Jews of Slovakia from extermination at Nazi hands during the European Holocaust. ... Malchiel Gruenwald (also written Grünwald, Gruenvald, and Greenwald) (1881-?) was an Israeli hotelier, amateur journalist and stamp collector, who came to public attention in 1953, when he accused an Israeli government employee, Rudolf Kastner, of having collaborated with the Nazis during the Holocaust. ... Dr. Rudolf Vrba in 1997. ... The image at the top of this page is licensed under the GNU LGPL. This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2. ... One of the maps from the Vrba-Weztler report The Vrba-Wetzler report, also known as the Vrba-Wetzler statement, the Auschwitz Protocols, and the Auschwitz notebook, is a 32-page document about the German Auschwitz concentration camp in Poland during the Holocaust. ... Alfréd Wetzler (1918–1988), who later wrote under the alias Jozef Laník, was a Slovak Jew, and one of a very small number of Jews known to have escaped from the Auschwitz death camp during the Holocaust. ... Yehuda Bauer Yehuda Bauer (born 1926) is an historian and scholar of the Holocaust. ... Professor John Conway John S. Conway is Professor Emeritus of History at the University of British Columbia. ... Ben Hecht (February 28, 1894 – April 18, 1964) was a prolific Hollywood screenwriter, even though he professed disdain for the motion picture industry. ... Dr. Raul Hilberg Raul Hilberg (born June 2, 1926) is one of the best-known and most distinguished of the Holocaust historians. ... Miroslav Karny (September 9, 1919 – May 9, 2001) was an historian and writer from Slovakia. ... Ruth Linn is an Israeli academic and currently dean of the Faculty of Education at Haifa University in Israel. ... This article is becoming very long. ... National Socialism redirects here. ... Map of Romania with Transylvania in yellow Transylvania (Romanian: or Transilvania; Hungarian: ; German: ; Serbian: or Erdelj / Ердељ) is a historical region in the center of Romania. ... ... Adolf Eichmann, Germany 1940. ... Bergen-Belsen, sometimes referred to as just Belsen, was a German concentration camp in the Nazi era. ...

Community builder

Teitelbaum briefly lived in Jerusalem after World War II, but, at the request of some of his followers who had emigrated to the United States, he settled there instead. He attracted many new followers and established a large community in the densely Orthodox neighborhood of Williamsburg located in northern Brooklyn in New York City. Starting in the 1960s, he searched for a location ouside of the city to establish a new self-contained community for his disciples and their families, eventually deciding upon Monroe, New York where a new town known as Kiryas Joel was launched. The name Kiryas Joel means "Town of Joel" alluding to his name and the awe in which he was held by his adherents. Upon his death, he was the first individual to be buried there in 1979. Reputedly over 100,000 Jews attended his funeral. He was succeeded by his nephew Rabbi Moshe Teitelbaum, who divided the control of the Williamsburg and Monroe Satmar communities between two of his own sons. Panoramic view from Mt. ... Orthodox Judaism is the formulation of Judaism that adheres to a relatively strict interpretation and application of the laws and ethics first canonized in the Talmudic texts (The Oral Law) and as subsequently developed and applied by the Gaonim, Rishonim, and Acharonim. ... This article or section needs a complete rewrite for the reasons listed on the talk page. ... Brooklyn (named for the Dutch city Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. ... Nickname: Big Apple, City that never Sleeps, Gotham Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs The Bronx Manhattan Queens Brooklyn Staten Island Settled 1613 Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area    - City 1,214. ... Monroe is a town located in Orange County, New York. ... Kiryas Joel (or Kiryas Yoel or Kiryat Joel or KJ) (קרית יואל, Hebrew: Town of Joel) is a village within the Town of Monroe in Orange County, New York, United States. ... Rabbi Moshe (Moses) Teitelbaum (November 1, 1914 – April 24, 2006) was a Hasidic rebbe and the world leader of the Satmar Hasidim, which is believed to be the largest Hasidic community in the world, with some 100,000 followers. ...

Scholar

Teitelbaum's works include collections of responsa and novelae (scholarly contributions to Talmudic debates) entitled Divrei Yoel and Al HaGeulah V'Al HaTemurah this was written with the help of the late Rabbi N.Y. Meisels. He also authored a brief introduction to the Talmudic tractate Shabbos for a Holocaust-era printing in Romania. His exposition of his belief that Zionism is prohibited by Halakha ("Jewish law") is entitled VaYoel Moshe. There are also collections of his speeches entitled, Hidushei Torah MHR"I Teitelbaum. Note: This is based on an entry from the 1906 public domain Jewish Encyclopedia The responsa literature, known in Hebrew as Sheelot U-teshuvot (questions and answers), is the body of written decisions and rulings given by rabbis to questions addressed to them. ... The first page of the Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Berachot, folio 2a The Talmud (Hebrew: תלמוד) is a record of rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history. ... Zionism is a political movement that supports a homeland for the Jewish people in the Land of Israel, where Jewish nationhood is thought to have evolved somewhere between 1200 BCE and late Second Temple times,[1][2] and where Jewish kingdoms existed up to the 2nd century CE. Zionism is... Halakha (Hebrew: הלכה; also transliterated as Halakhah, Halacha, Halakhot and Halachah) is the collective corpus of Jewish religious law, including biblical law (the 613 mitzvot) and later talmudic and rabbinic law as well as customs and traditions. ...

He loved scholars and sharp people, and visionaries like the great Reb Michoel Ber Weismandel and Reb Shraga Feivel Mendelovitz.

Rabbi Joel Teitelbaum (center) with his nephew and successor Rabbi Moshe Teitelbaum (right)

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1392x1095, 233 KB)(C) 1970 Trainer Studios File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1392x1095, 233 KB)(C) 1970 Trainer Studios File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

Opposition to modern Zionism

Teitelbaum was renowned for his vocal religiously motivated opposition to Zionism in all arenas. This approach was a continuation of his father's views and of other prominent Hasidic rabbis. His father and predecessor was Rabbi Chananyah Yom Tov Lipa Teitelbaum. He encouraged his followers to form self-sufficient communities without the help of the State of Israel and forbade "official" engagement with it. It has been suggested that Hasidic philosophy be merged into this article or section. ... This article needs copyediting (checking for proper English spelling, grammar, usage, etc. ...

Before World War II, most Hasidic rabbis, as well as many other prominent Orthodox leaders, believed that God had promised to return the Jewish people to the land of Israel by means of the actions of the Jewish Messiah who would be sent if the Jewish people merited his arrival. During the current exile, the Jewish people are expected to perform the mitzvot. In addition, they are advised not to antagonize or rebel against the gentile nations of the world in the course of their long exile in the diaspora. In the years following the Holocaust, Teitelbaum undertook to maintain and strengthen this position, as did many Torah Jews and communities. Orthodox Judaism is the formulation of Judaism that adheres to a relatively strict interpretation and application of the laws and ethics first canonized in the Talmudic texts (The Oral Law) and as subsequently developed and applied by the Gaonim, Rishonim, and Acharonim. ... At the bottom of the hands, the two letters on each hand combine to form יהוה (YHVH), the name of God. ... This article describes some ethnic, historic, and cultural aspects of the Jewish identity; for a consideration of the Jewish religion, refer to the article Judaism. ... Satellite image of the Land of Israel in January 2003, including portions of the State of Israel, Jordan, Egypt, and Lebanon. ... In Judaism and Jewish eschatology, the Messiah (Hebrew: משיח; Mashiah, Mashiach, or Moshiach, anointed [one]) has traditionally referred to a future Jewish king from the Davidic line who will be anointed (the meaning of the Hebrew word משיח) with holy anointing oil and inducted to rule the Jewish people during the Messianic... Main article: Mitzvah 613 mitzvot or 613 Commandments (Hebrew: תריג מצוות transliterated as Taryag mitzvot; TaRYaG is the acronym for the numeric value of 613) are a list of commandments from God in the Torah. ... The word Gentile from the Latin gentilis, can either be a translation of the Hebrew Goy/גוי or of the Hebrew word Nochri/נכרי. In the most common modern use it refers to the former being derived from the Latin term gens (meaning clan or a group of families) and it is... Look up Diaspora in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook

This position was in direct opposition to that of the Religious Zionist movement. Led by Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook, they beleived that the establishment of a Jewish state and thereturn the Jewish people to the land of Israel, were demonstrative evidence of the ongoing process of redemption. Popular common picture of a smiling Rabbi A.Y. Kook. ... The Religious Zionist Movement, or Religious Zionism is an ideology combining Zionism and Judaism, which offers Zionism based on the principles of Jewish religion and heritage. ... Abraham Isaac Kook (1864 - 1935) was the first Ashkenazi chief rabbi of the British Mandate for Palestine, the founder of the (now) Religious Zionist Yeshiva Merkaz HaRav, and a renowned Torah scholar. ... The term Jewish state is sometimes used to describe the State of Israel and refers to its status as a nation-state for the Jewish people. ... This article describes some ethnic, historic, and cultural aspects of the Jewish identity; for a consideration of the Jewish religion, refer to the article Judaism. ... Satellite image of the Land of Israel in January 2003, including portions of the State of Israel, Jordan, Egypt, and Lebanon. ...

In the view of Teitelbaum's followers, the current State of Israel, that was founded by people that included some anti-religious personalities and in seeming violation of the traditional notion that Jews should wait for the Jewish Messiah, is seen as contrary to Judaism as Satmar Hasidism understands it to be. David Ben Gurion (First Prime Minister of Israel) publicly pronouncing the Declaration of the State of Israel, May 14, 1948. ... Judaism is the religion of the Jewish people. ...

The three oaths

The core citations from classical Judaic sources cited and utilized by Teitelbaum in his ideological war of words against modern Zionism are based on an important teaching from the Talmud in tractate Kethuboth 111a: Based on a passage from the Song of Songs in the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) wherein God made the Israelites promise "to wait for Him before arousing his love." An ideology is an organized collection of ideas. ... The first page of the Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Berachot, folio 2a The Talmud (Hebrew: תלמוד) is a record of rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history. ... Song of Solomon is also the title of a novel by Toni Morrison. ... Tanakh ‎ (also Tanach, IPA: or , or Tenak, is an acronym that identifies the Hebrew Bible. ... 11th century manuscript of the Hebrew Bible with Targum This article discusses usage of the term Hebrew Bible. For the article on the Hebrew Bible itself, see Tanakh. ...

King Solomon in Song of Songs thrice adjured the "daughters of Jerusalem" not to arouse or bestir the love until it is ready." The Talmud explains that we have been foresworn, by three strong oaths not to ascend to the Holy Land as a group using force, not to rebel against the governments of countries in which we live, and not by our sins, to prolong the coming of moshiach; as is written in Tractate Kesubos 111a . [1]

The Zionist State of Israel then, is seen by Satmar Hasidim as a form of "impatience" and in keeping with the Talmud's warnings that being impatient for God's love leads to "grave danger", Satmar Hasidism explains that the constant wars in Israel are seen as "fulfilment" of that prophecy. It has been suggested that Sulayman be merged into this article or section. ... Panoramic view from Mt. ... An oath (from Old Saxon eoth) is either a promise or a statement of fact calling upon something or someone that the oath maker considers sacred, usually a god, as a witness to the binding nature of the promise or the truth of the statement of fact. ... Terra Sancta sive Palæstina with Israelite tribal allotments shown. ... In Judaism and Jewish eschatology, the Messiah (Hebrew: משיח; Mashiah, Mashiach, or Moshiach, anointed [one]) has traditionally referred to a future Jewish king from the Davidic line who will be anointed (the meaning of the Hebrew word משיח) with holy anointing oil and inducted to rule the Jewish people during the Messianic... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Thus, Teitelbaum saw his opposition to Zionism as a way of protecting Jewish lives and preventing bloodshed. Although some Haredi rabbis may agree with this idea, the general view of Agudath Israel and many other orthodox rabbis is that for all practical purposes, through participating in the Israeli government, efforts can be made to prevent Israel from becoming even more anti-religious. Rabbi Teitelbaum, however, felt that any participation in the Israeli government, even voting in elections, was a grave sin, because it contributes to the spiritual and physical destruction of innocent people. He was openly opposed to the views of Agudath Israel, and until the present time, the official Satmar movement refuses to become a member of the Agudath Israel organization or party. The Satmar view is that only the Jewish Messiah can bring about a new Jewish government in the Holy Land, and even if a government declaring itself religious would be formed before the Messiah, it would be illegitimate due to its improper arrogation of power. Haredi or Charedi Judaism, often referred to as Ultra-Orthodox Judaism, is the most theologically conservative form of Orthodox Judaism. ... Agudath Israel can refer to any of several related organizations, including: an international movement, the World Agudath Israel an American organization, Agudath Israel of America an Israeli political party, Agudat Israel This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same... Terra Sancta sive Palæstina with Israelite tribal allotments shown. ...

While the Satmar Hasidim are opposed to the present secular government of Israel, many of them live in and visit Israel. Teitelbaum himself lived for about a year in Jerusalem after his escape from Europe, but before the establishment of the State of Israel, and visited Israel after moving to the United States. Panoramic view from Mt. ... World map showing Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. ...

Bibliography

• Vayoel Moshe
• Al HaGeulah VeAl HaTemurah
• Divrei Yoel
• Dibros Kodesh

See also

• Haredi Judaism
• Satmar
• Hasidic Judaism
• Neturei Karta

Haredi or Charedi Judaism, often referred to as Ultra-Orthodox Judaism, is the most theologically conservative form of Orthodox Judaism. ... Satmar (or Satmar Hasidism or Satmarer Hasidim) (חסידות סאטמאר) is a movement of Orthodox Haredi Jews who adhere to Hasidism originating in the town of Szatmárnémeti (now Satu Mare, Romania), at that time in the Kingdom of Hungary. ... It has been suggested that Hasidic philosophy be merged into this article or section. ... Members of the Neturei Karta protesting against Zionism. ...

External links

• Extensive biography
• Biography at OU.org
• jewsagainstzionism.com Three Strong Oaths
• jewsagainstzionism.com Satmar Grand Rebbe Joel Teitelbaum
• "My Neighbor, My Father, The Rebbe"