Johann Friedrich von Brandt (May 25, 1802 - July 15, 1879) was a German naturalist.

Brandt was born near Brandenburg and educated at Wittenberg and Berlin University. In 1831 he was appointed director of the Zoological Department at the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Brandt encouraged the collection of native animals, many of which were not represented in the museum. Many specimens began to arrive from the expeditions of Severtzov, Przevalski, Middendorf, Schrenck and Radde.

He described several birds collected by Russian explorers of the Pacific Coast of North America, including Brandt's Cormorant, Red-legged Kittiwake and Spectacled Eider. He is also commemorated in Brandt's Bat.