Johann Fust ( died 1466) was an early German printer. Events Chimú Empire conquered by troops of the Inca End of term for Regent of Sweden Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna. ... The word printer is used to describe a company that provides commercial printing services, involving typesetting, printing and book-binding. ...

Family background

Fust belonged to a rich and respectable burgher family of Mainz, traceable back to 1423; members of the family held many civil and religious offices. Burgher can refer to: A title. ... Mainz is a city in Germany and the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. ... Events July 31 - Hundred Years War: Battle of Cravant - The French army is defeated at Cravant on the banks of the river Yonne. ...

The name was always written Fust, but in 1506 Peter Schöffer, in dedicating the German translation of Livy to Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, called his grandfather Faust, and thenceforward the family assumed this name, and the Fausts of Aschaffenburg, an old and quite distinct family, placed Johann Fust in their pedigree. Johann's brother Jacob, a goldsmith, was one of the burgomasters in 1462, when Mainz was stormed and sacked by the troops of Count Adolf of Nassau, in the course of which he seems to have been killed (suggested by a document dated May 8, 1463). 1506 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Peter Schöffer or Petrus Schoiffer (born circa 1425 in Gernsheim, Groß-Gerau, died 1502 in Mainz) was an early German book printer. ... A portrait of Titus Livius made long after his death. ... Portrait by Albrecht Dürer, 1519 (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna). ... Faust (Latin Faustus) is the protagonist of a popular German tale of a pact with the Devil, assumed to be based on the figure of the German magician and alchemist Dr. Johann Georg Faust (approximately 1480–1540). ... Aschaffenburg is a city in Bavaria, Germany. ... Burgomaster (alternatively spelled Burgomeister, literally translated meaning master of the citizens) is the English form, rendering (often the Anglo-saxon equivalent Mayor is substituted) various terms in or derived from Germanic languages for the chief magistrate and/or chairman of the executive council of a sub-national level of administration... Events Settlers from Portugal begin to settle the Cape Verde islands. ... Mainz is a city in Germany and the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. ... Among various individuals with the name Adolf of Nassau are: Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg, King of the Romans (1291–98) and Count of Nassau (1277–98) Adolf of Nassau, brother of Louis of Nassau and William I of Orange, killed in the Battle of Heiligerlee on May 23, 1568. ... May 8 is the 128th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (129th in leap years). ... Events January 5 - Poet Francois Villon is banned from Paris Births January 17 - Frederick III, Elector of Saxony (died 1525) February 24 - Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, Italian philosopher (died 1494) October 20 - Alessandro Achillini, Italian philosopher (died 1512) Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de Medici, Italian patron of the arts (died 1503...

Printing

There is no evidence for the theory that Johann Fust was a goldsmith, but he appears to have been a money-lender or banker. On account of his connection with Johann Gutenberg, he has been called the inventor of printing, and the instructor as well as the partner of Gutenberg. Some see him as a patron and benefactor, who saw the value of Gutenberg's discovery and supplied him with means to carry it out, whereas others portray him as a speculator who took advantage of Gutenberg's necessity and robbed him of the profits of his invention. Whatever the truth, the Helmasperger document of November 6, 1455, shows that Fust advanced money to Gutenberg (apparently 800 guilders in 1450, and another 800 in 1452) to carry on his work, and that Fust, in 1455, brought a suit against Gutenberg to recover the money he had lent, claiming 2026 guilders for principal and interest. It appears that he had not paid in the 300 guilders a year which he had undertaken to furnish for expenses, wages, etc., and, according to Gutenberg, had said that he had no intention of claiming interest. This article or section is missing references or citation of sources. ... Guilder is the English name for the Dutch Gulden. ... Events March - French troops under Guy de Richemont besiege the English commander in France, Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, in Caen April 15 - Battle of Formigny. ... Events October - English troops under John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, land in Guyenne, France, and retake most of the province without a fight. ...

The suit was apparently decided in Fust's favour, November 6, 1455, in the refectory of the Barefooted Friars of Mainz, when Fust swore that he himself had borrowed 1550 guilders and given them to Gutenberg. There is no evidence that Fust, as is usually supposed, removed the portion of the printing materials covered by his mortgage to his own house, and carried on printing there with the aid of Peter Schöffer of Gernsheim (who is known to have been a scriptor at Paris in 1449), who in about 1455 married Fust's only daughter Dyna or Christina. Their first publication was the Psalter, August 14, 1457, a folio of 350 pages, the first printed book with a complete date, and remarkable for the beauty of the large initials printed each in two colours, red and blue, from types made in two pieces. The Psalter was reprinted with the same types, 1459 (August 29), 1490, 1502 (Schöffer's last publication) and 1516. November 6 is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 55 days remaining. ... ... no changes . ... Peter Schöffer or Petrus Schoiffer (born circa 1425 in Gernsheim, Groß-Gerau, died 1502 in Mainz) was an early German book printer. ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France Région ÃŽle-de-France Département Paris (75) Subdivisions 20 arrondissements Mayor Bertrand Delanoë  (PS) (since 2001) City Statistics Land... August 14 is the 226th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (227th in leap years), with 139 days remaining. ... Events University of Freiburg founded. ... Events September 23 - Battle of Blore Heath. ... August 29 is the 241st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (242nd in leap years), with 124 days remaining. ... Events Tirant Lo Blanc by Joanot Martorell, Martí Joan De Galba is published. ... 1502 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events March - With the death of Ferdinand II of Aragon, his grandson Charles of Ghent becomes King of Spain as Carlos I. July - Selim I of the Ottoman Empire declares war on the Mameluks and invades Syria. ...

Fust and Schöffer's other works are:

• Guillaume Durand, Rationale divinorum officiorum (1459), folio, 160 leaves
• the Clementine Constitutions, with the gloss of Johannes Andreae (1460), 51 leaves
• Biblia Sacra Latina (1462), folio 2 vols., 242 and 239 leaves, 48 lines to a full page
• the Sixth Book of Decretals, with Andreae's gloss, December 17, 1465, folio 1211 leaves
• Cicero. De officus, 88 leaves.

Guillaume Durand (c. ... Giovanni dAndrea or Johannes Andreæ, (ca 1270-1275 – 1348), a Tuscan expert in canon law, was the most renowned and successful canonist of the later Middle Ages. ... December 17 is the 351st day of the year (352nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events July 13 - Battle of Montlhéry Troops of King Louis XI of France fight inconclusively against an army of the great nobles organized as the League of the Public Weal. ... Cicero at about age 60, from an ancient marble bust Marcus Tullius Cicero (IPA: ; Classical pronunciation:  ; January 3, 106 BC – December 7, 43 BC) was an orator, statesman, political theorist, lawyer and philosopher of Ancient Rome. ...

Death

In 1464 Adolf of Nassau appointed for the parish of St Quintin three Baumeisters (master-builders) who were to choose twelve chief parishioners as assistants for life. One of the first of these "Vervaren," who were named on May 1, 1464, was Johannes Fust, and in 1467 Adam von Hochheim was chosen instead of the late (selig) Johannes Fust. Fust is said to have gone to Paris in 1466 and to have died of the plague, which raged there in August and September. He certainly was in Paris on the 4th of July, when he gave Louis de Lavernade of the province of Forez, then chancellor of the duke of Bourbon and first president of the parliament of Toulouse, a copy of his second edition of Cicero, as appears from a note in Lavernade's own hand at the end of the book, which is now in the library of Geneva. Events February - Christian I of Denmark and Norway who was also serving as King of Sweden is declared deposed from the later throne. ... Among various individuals with the name Adolf of Nassau are: Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg, King of the Romans (1291–98) and Count of Nassau (1277–98) Adolf of Nassau, brother of Louis of Nassau and William I of Orange, killed in the Battle of Heiligerlee on May 23, 1568. ... Bubonic plague is the best-known variant of the deadly infectious disease plague, which is caused by the enterobacteria Yersinia pestis. ... Also see:  Early Modern France The House of Bourbon is an important European royal house. ... New city flag (Occitan cross) Traditional coat of arms Motto: (Occitan: For Toulouse, always more) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France Région Midi-Pyrénées Département Haute-Garonne (31) Intercommunality Community of Agglomeration of Greater Toulouse Mayor Jean-Luc Moudenc  (UMP) (since 2004... Cicero at about age 60, from an ancient marble bust Marcus Tullius Cicero (IPA: ; Classical pronunciation:  ; January 3, 106 BC – December 7, 43 BC) was an orator, statesman, political theorist, lawyer and philosopher of Ancient Rome. ... Geneva (pronunciation //; French: Genève //, German:   //, Italian: Ginevra) is the second most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich), and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French-speaking part of Switzerland). ...

Nothing further is known, other than that on October 30, probably in 1471, an annual mass was instituted for him by Peter Schöffer, Conrad Henlif (or Henekes, or Henckis, (supposedly Schöffer's partner) who married Fust's widow about 1468) and Johann Fust (the son), in the abbey-church of St Victor of Paris, where he was buried; and that Peter Schöffer founded a similar memorial service for Fust in 1473 in the church of the Dominican Order at Mainz (Bockenheimer, Gesch. der Stadt Mains, iv. 15). October 30 is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 62 days remaining. ... This article is about the year 1471, not the BT caller ID service accessible by dialling 1-4-7-1. ... Laudare, Benedicere, Praedicare Saint Dominic saw the need for a new type of organization to address the needs of his time, one that would bring the dedication and systematic education of the older monastic orders to bear on the religious problems of the burgeoning population of cities, but with more...

Fust was formerly often confused with the famous magician Dr Johann Faust, who, though an historical figure, had nothing to do with him. Faust (Latin Faustus) is the protagonist of a popular German tale of a pact with the Devil, assumed to be based on the figure of the German magician and alchemist Dr. Johann Georg Faust (approximately 1480–1540). ...

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.