Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link (February 2, 1767 - January 1, 1850) was a German naturalist and botanist. February 2 is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1767 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 1850 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... -1... Botany is the scientific study of plant life. ...

Link was born at Hildesheim as a son of the minister August Heinrich Link (1738–1783), who taught him the love for nature through collection of 'natural objects'. He studied medicine and natural sciences at the Hannoverschen Landesuniversität of Göttingen, and graduated as MD in 1789, promoting on his thesis "Flora der Felsgesteine rund um Göttingen" (Flora of the rocky beds around Göttingen). One of teachers was the famous natural scientist Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752–1840). He became a private lecturer (Privatdozent) in Göttingen. Hildesheim is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany. ... Events January 1 - Bouvet Island is discovered by French explorer Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier. ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Map of Germany showing Göttingen 1 External links Coat of Arms University of Göttingen Top: The old Auditorium Maximum (1862-65) Bottom: New library building Göttingen is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany. ... 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (May 11, 1752 - January 22, 1840) was a German physiologist and anthropologist. ... 1752 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

In 1792 he became the first professor of the new department of chemistry, zoology and botany at the University of Rostock. During his stay at Rostock, he became an early follower of the antiphlogistic theory of Lavoisier, teaching about the existence of oxygen instead of phlogiston. He was also a proponent of the attempts of Richter to involve mathematics in chemistry, introducing stoichiometry in his chemistry lessons. In 1806 he set up the first chemical laboratory at Rostock in the "Seminargebäude". He began to write an abundant number of articles and books on the most different subjects, such as physics and chemistry, geology and mineralogy, botany and zoology, natural philosophy and ethics, prehistoric and early history. He was twice elected rector of the university. 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... A professor is a senior teacher and researcher, usually in a college or university. ... Chemistry (in Greek: χημεία) is the science of matter and its interactions with energy and itself (see physics, biology). ... Zoology (Greek zoon = animal and logos = word) is the biological discipline which involves the study of animals. ... Botany is the scientific study of plant life. ... The University of Rostock (German: Universität Rostock) is a university in northern Germany, located in the city of Rostock in the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. ... Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (August 26, 1743 - May 8, 1794) was a French nobleman prominent in the histories of chemistry, finance, biology, and economics. ... General Name, Symbol, Number Oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 16 (VIA), 2, p Density, Hardness 1. ... The phlogiston theory is a now discredited 17th century hypothesis regarding combustion. ... In chemistry, stoichiometry is the study of the combination of elements in chemical reactions. ... The word rector (ruler, from the Latin regere) has a number of different meanings. ...

In 1793 he married Charlotte Juliane Josephi (1768?–1829), sister of his colleague at the university Prof. Wilhelm Josephi (1763–1845). 1793 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1768 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1829 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1763 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

During 1797-1799 he visited Portugal with Count Johann Centurius Hoffmannsegg, a botanist, entomologist and ornithologist from Dresden. This trip made him finally choose for botany as his main scientific calling. 1797 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1799 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Definition A count is a nobleman in most European countries, equivalent in rank to a British earl, whose wife is still a countess. Originally the title comes denoted the rank of a high courtier or provincial (military or administrative) official in the late Roman Empire: before Anthemius was made emperor... Johannes Centurius von Hoffmannsegg (August 23, 1766 - December 13, 1849) was a German botanist, entomologist and ornithologist. ... Entomology is the scientific study of insects. ... Ornithology (from the Greek ornitha = chicken and logos = word/science) is the branch of biology concerned with the scientific study of birds. ... Brühls Terrace and the Frauenkirche Dresden [ˈdreːsdn̩] (Sorbian/Lusatian Drježdźany), the capital city of the German federal state of Saxony, is situated in a valley on the river Elbe. ...

In 1800 he was elected to the prestigious Leopoldina Academy, the oldest school for natural history in Europe. 1800 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldinais the oldest learned society in Germany. ...

In 1808 he was awarded a prize at the Academy of Saint Petersburg for his monography Von der Natur und den Eigenschaften des Lichts (nature and characteristics of light). 1808 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland...

His scientific reputation grew and became widely known. In 1811 he was appointed professor of chemistry and botany at Breslau university, where he was equally elected twice rector of the university. 1811 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ...

After the death of Carl Ludwig Willdenow in 1815, he became professor of natural history, curator of the herbarium and director of the botanic garden (Hortus regius Berolinensis) in Berlin till he died. This period became the most fruitful period of his academic life. He augmented the collection of the garden to 14,000 specimens, many of them rare plants. He worked in close collaboration with Cristoph Friedrich Otto (1783-1856), conservator at the botanical garden. In 1827 he named with him the cacti genera Echinocactus and Melocactus. Most of the fungi that he named, are still recognised under the original name, proving the high quality of his work (such as Cordyceps, Creopus, Fusarium, Leocarpus, Myxomycetes, Phragmidium). Carl Ludwig von Willdenow (August 22, 1765 - July 10, 1812) was a German botanist and pharmacist. ... 1815 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Berlin (pronounced: , German ) is the capital of Germany and its largest city, with 3,426,000 inhabitants (as of January 2005); down from 4. ... Genera Many, see text A cactus (plural, cacti or cactuses) is a type of (usually) succulent plant belonging to the dicotyledonous flowering plant family, Cactaceae. ... Species 6 species: see species list Echinocactus are large and beautiful barrel shaped cacti, usually with large spines and small flowers. ... Divisions Microsporidia Chytridiomycota Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota Fungi (singular: fungus) are a major group of living things, originally considered plants but now treated as the separate kingdom Fungi. ... Cordyceps is a genus of Ascomycete fungi, the most famous of which is the Vegetable Caterpillar - Cordyceps sinensis. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Typical orders Protostelia    Protosteliida Myxogastria    Liceida    Echinosteliida    Trichiida    Stemonitida    Physarida Dictyostelia    Dictyosteliida Slime moulds are peculiar protists that normally take the form of amoebae, but under certain conditions develop fruiting bodies that release spores, superficially similar to the sporangia of fungi. ...

He was elected member of the Berlin Academy of Science and many other scientific societies.

He trained a whole new generation of natural scientists, such as Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg (1795-1876). Throughout his life, he traveled extensively throughout Europe. He benefitted from his knowledge of foreign languages, even Arab and ancient Sanskrit. Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg (April 19, 1795 – June 27, 1876), German naturalist, zoologist, comparative anatomist and microscopist, was one of the most famous and productive scientists of his time. ... 1795 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1876 is a leap year starting on Saturday. ... The Sanskrit language ( संस्कृता वाक्) is one of the earliest attested members of the Indo-European language family and is not only a classical language, but also an official language of India. ...

He died in Berlin on 1 January 1850, almost 84 years old. He was succeeded by Alexander Heinrich Braun (1805–1877), January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 1850 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1877 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

Title page of Filicum species in horto regio Berolinensi cultae

He is recognized as one of the last scientist of the 19th century with a universal knowledge. Link was also one of the few German botanists of his time, who aimed at a complete understanding of plants, through a systematic anatomical and physiological research.

His most important work is the Handbuch zur Erkennung der nutzbarsten und am häufigsten vorkommenden Gewächse (three volumes, published between 1829-1833).

The standard botanical author abbreviation Link is applied to the plants he described.

Selected works

• Grundlehren der Anatomie und Physiologie der Pflanzen (Göttingen. 1807); (Fundamental principles of the anatomy and physiology of plants) (proving for the first time that plant cells existed independently and were not part of a homogeneous vegetable mass).
• Nachträge zu den Grundlehren etc. (Göttingen. 1809) (Supplement to the fundamental principles etc. )
• Die Urwelt und das Altertum, erläutert durch die Naturkunde (Berlin 1820-1822, 2nd ed. 1834); (Prehistoric times and antiquity, explained by natural history)
• Das Altertum und der Übergang zur neuern Zeit (Berlin 1842); (Antiquity and the transition to modern times)
• Elementa philosophiae botanicae (Berlin 1824; 2nd ed., in Latin and German 1837);
• Anatomisch-botanische Abbildungen zur Erläuterung der Grundlehren der Kräuterkunde (Berlin 1837-42); (Anatomical-botanical illustrations explaining the basic teachings for herbalists)
• Ausgewählte anatomisch-botanische Abbildungen (Berlin 1839-42) (Selected anatomical botanical illustrations) (
• Filicum species in horto regio Berolinensi cultae (Berlin 1841) (Fern species in Berlin botanical garden)
• Anatomie der Pflanzen in Abbildungen (Berlin. 1843-47). (Illustrated anatomy of plants)
• He published together with Friedrich Otto :
  • Icones plantarum selectarum horti regii botanici Berolinensis (Berlin 1820-28) (Illustrations of selected plants in Berlin botanic garden)
• He published with Christoph Friedrich Otto (this work was finished by the Friedrich Klotzsch, 1841-1844, curator at the Botanical Museum)
  • • Icones plantarum rariorum horti regii botanici Berolinensis (Berlin 1828-31) (Illustrations of rare plants in the Berlin botanic garden)
• He published together with count von Hoffmansegg
  • Flore portugais" (Berlin. 1809-1840) (Portuguese Flora) (remaining a standard work for a long time)