Johann Reinhold Forster

Johann Reinhold Forster and Georg Forster in Tahiti, by John Francis Rigaud (1742-1810), 1780.

Johann Reinhold Forster (October 22, 1729 – December 9, 1798) was a German naturalist of partial Scottish descent who made contributions to the early ornithology of Europe and North America. He is best known as the naturalist on James Cook's second Pacific voyage, when he was accompanied by his son Georg Forster. J.H. Forster. ... J.H. Forster. ... Image File history File links Info: Johann Reinhold Forster an Georg Forster in Tahiti Credit: J. F. Rigaud, 1780 Copyright/License: Presumed public domain under Bridgeman Art Library, LTD. vs Corel Corp File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this... Image File history File links Info: Johann Reinhold Forster an Georg Forster in Tahiti Credit: J. F. Rigaud, 1780 Copyright/License: Presumed public domain under Bridgeman Art Library, LTD. vs Corel Corp File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this... Image:Georg Forster masterbator. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... October 22 is the 295th day of the year (296th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 70 days remaining. ... Events July 30 - Baltimore, Maryland is founded. ... December 9 is the 343rd day (344th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1798 (MDCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... Table of natural history, 1728 Cyclopaedia Natural history is an umbrella term for what are now often viewed as several distinct scientific disciplines of integrative organismal biology. ... Motto (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity Cha togar mfhearg gun dioladh (Scottish Gaelic)1 Wha daur meddle wi me?(Scots)1 Anthem (Multiple unofficial anthems) Scotlands location in Europe Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic, Scots Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II... Ornithology (from the Greek ornis = bird and logos = word/science) is the branch of zoology concerned with the scientific study of birds. ... World map showing the location of Europe. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... James Cook, portrait by Nathaniel Dance, c. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Image:Georg Forster masterbator. ...

Biography

Forster's family originated in the Lords Forrester in Scotland from where his great-grandfather had emigrated after losing most of his property during the rule of Oliver Cromwell along with many other Scots. Forster himself was born in the city of Dirschau (Tczew) in the Polish province of Royal Prussia. He studied theology at the University of Halle, afterwards serving as a Lutheran pastor in Nassenhuben (Mokry Dwór), where his son Georg was born. In 1766 he traveled to England with Georg (the eldest of eight children, seven of which survived childhood). He spent three years teaching at the Dissenter's Academy in Warrington, succeeding Joseph Priestley. Forster then moved to London, where he became known as a natural historian. When Joseph Banks withdrew at the last moment as naturalist on Cook's second voyage, Forster and his son were appointed to fill the vacant position. In July 1772 they set sail on the Resolution, returning to England in July 1775. During a stop in Cape Town, Forster engaged Anders Sparrman to act as his assistant. Earl of Verulam is a peerage title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom created in 1815. ... Motto (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity Cha togar mfhearg gun dioladh (Scottish Gaelic)1 Wha daur meddle wi me?(Scots)1 Anthem (Multiple unofficial anthems) Scotlands location in Europe Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic, Scots Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II... Oliver Cromwell (April 25, 1599–September 3, 1658) was an English military and political leader best known for making England a republic and leading the Commonwealth of England. ... Bridge over Vistula River (19th century) Tczew (German: ; Kashubian/Pomeranian: Dërszewò) is a town on the Vistula river in Eastern Pomerania, Kociewie, northern Poland with 60,128 inhabitants (1 January 2005). ... Map of Royal Prussia (light pink) History  - Established October 19, 1466  - Loss of autonomy 1 July 1569  - Annexed August 5, 1772 Royal Prussia (German: ; Polish: ) was a province of the Kingdom of Poland and then the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1569 to 1772. ... The Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg is located in the German cities of Halle, Saxony-Anhalt and Wittenberg. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II  -  Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification  -  by Athelstan 967  Area... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Joseph Frederick Priestley is often credited for the discovery of oxygen. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Sir Joseph Banks, 1st Baronet, PRS (13 February 1743 – 19 June 1820) was an English naturalist, botanist and science patron. ... Resolution and Adventure with fishing craft in Matavai Bay by William Hodges, painted 1776, shows the two ships at anchor in Tahiti in August 1773. ... City motto: Spes Bona (Latin: Good Hope) Location of the City of Cape Town in Western Cape Province Province Western Cape Mayor Helen Zille Area  - % water 2,499 km² N/A Population  - Total (2004)  - Density Not ranked 2,893,251 1,158/km² Established 1652 Time zone SAST (UTC+2... Anders Sparrman (February 27, 1748–August 9, 1820) was a Swedish naturalist. ...

Both the Forsters kept detailed diaries of everything they saw on the voyage, and made extensive collections of both natural history specimens and artifacts. On his return Forster published Observations Made during a Voyage round the World (1778). However the income from the book was insufficient to clear his debts, and the bulk of Georg's drawings from the voyage had to be sold to Joseph Banks. During the next few years Forster undertook a variety of writing work, including a German translation of Thomas Pennant's Arctic Zoology. Thomas Pennant (June 14, 1726 - December 16, 1798) was a Welsh naturalist and antiquary. ...

In November 1779 Forster was appointed Professor of Natural History and Mineralogy at the University of Halle, where he remained until his death. His Descriptiones animalium, completed within a month of returning to England with Cook, was eventually edited by Hinrich Lichtenstein and published in 1844. The meaning of the word professor (Latin: one who claims publicly to be an expert) varies. ... Table of natural history, 1728 Cyclopaedia Natural history is an umbrella term for what are now often viewed as several distinct scientific disciplines of integrative organismal biology. ... Mineralogy is an earth science that involves the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals. ... The Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg is located in the German cities of Halle, Saxony-Anhalt and Wittenberg. ... Martin Heinrich Carl Lichtenstein (January 10, 1780 - September 2, 1857) was a German physician, explorer and zoologist. ...

Forster's Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (1772–73) on zoology, ornithology, and ichthyology established him as one of the earliest authorities on North American zoology.

External links

• Scans of Specimen Historiae Naturalis Volgensis at the Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum
• Biography at the Australian Dictionary of Biography