John, Duke of Burgundy.

Duke John I, also known as Jean de Valois and Jean de Bourgogne (May 28, 1371 – September 10, 1419), also known as the Fearless (French: sans peur) was Duke of Burgundy from 1404 to 1419. May 28 is the 148th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (149th in leap years). ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Go-Kogon of Japan, fourth of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders Start of the reign of Emperor Go-Enyu of Japan, fifth and last of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders Charterhouse Carthusian Monastery founded in Aldersgate, London. ... September 10 is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years). ... Events January 19 – Hundred Years War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England which brings Normandy under the control of England. ... The Duchy of Burgundy, today Bourgogne, has its origin in the small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Saône which in 843 was allotted to Charles the Balds kingdom of West Franks. ...

Biography

Early life

Born in Dijon, John was the son of Philip II, the Bold and Margaret III, Countess of Flanders. As heir apparent, he used the title of Count of Nevers from 1384 to 1405, when after his accession he ceded it to his brother Philip. Street in the center of Dijon Arc de triomphe known as the Porte Guillaume, on Place Darcy in the center of Dijon Dijon and suburbs Cathédrale St Bénigne - Dijon Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Dijon Dijon ( ) is a city in eastern France, the préfecture (administrative capital... Philip II, Duke of Burgundy Philip II, Duke of Burgundy, known as the Bold (Philippe II de Bourgogne, le Hardi in French) (January 15, 1342, Pontoise – April 27, 1404, Halle), was the fourth son of King John II of France and his wife, Bonne (Judith), daughter of the king and... Margaret of Dampierre (1350–1405) was Countess of Flanders and twice Duchess of Burgundy. ... This is a list of the counts of Nevers. ... Phillip II, Count of Nevers (October 1389, Villaines-en-Duesmois – October 25, 1415, Agincourt) was the youngest son of Philip II, Duke of Burgundy and Margaret III of Flanders. ...

In 1385, John married Margaret of Bavaria, daughter of Albrecht of Bavaria, Count of Holland and Hainaut, to consolidate his position in the Low Countries, after cancelling his engagement with Catherine of Valois, daughter of king Charles V of France. Duke Albert or Albrecht (July 25, 1336, Munich – December 13, 1404, The Hague) was a feudal ruler of the counties of Holland, Hainaut, and Zeeland in the Low Countries. ... Catherine of Valois (27 October 1401 – 3 January 1437) was the Queen consort of England from 1420 until 1422. ... Charles V the Wise (French: Charles V le Sage) (January 31, 1338 – September 16, 1380) was king of France from 1364 to 1380 and a member of the Valois Dynasty. ...

Before his accession to the Duchy, John was one of the principal leaders of the French forces sent to aid King Sigismund of Hungary in his war against Sultan Bayezid I. John fought in the battle of Nicopolis (September 25, 1396) with such enthusiasm and bravery that he was given the nickname of Fearless (Sans-Peur). Nevertheless he was taken prisoner and released only in the next year, against an enormous ransom paid by his father. Sigismund, aged approximately 50, depicted by unknown artist in the 1420s - the only contemporary portrait. ... Beyazid I Beyazid I (ca 1354–1403; Bayezıt, nicknamed Yıldırım, the Thunderbolt) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1389 to 1402. ... Combatants Ottoman Empire France, Hungary Commanders Bayezid I Sigismund of Hungary, John of Nevers Strength About 100,000 About 100,000 Casualties About 35,000 About 20,000 The Battle of Nicopolis (modern Nikopol, Bulgaria) took place on September 25, 1396, between a French-Hungarian alliance and the Ottoman Empire. ... September 25 is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events September 25 - Bayazid I defeats Sigismund of Hungary and John of Nevers at the Battle of Nicopolis. ...

John the Fearless, portrait by an unknown master of the southern Netherlands, c. 1415.

Image File history File links John_the_Fearless. ... Image File history File links John_the_Fearless. ...

Conflict against Louis of Orléans

John was invested as duke of Burgundy in 1404 and almost immediately entered into open conflict against Louis of Orléans, younger brother of the increasingly mad Charles VI. Both men attempted to fill the power vacuum left by the demented king. Louis de Valois (March 13, 1372 – November 23, 1407) was Duke of Orléans from 1392 to his death. ...

John played a game of marriages, exchanging his daughter Marguerite for Michelle of Valois, who would marry his heir Philip III. He did not overlook, however, the importance of the middle class of merchants and tradesman or the University of Paris. Philip III, Duke of Burgundy (Philip the Good or Philippe le Bon) (1396–1467) was Duke of Burgundy from 1419 until his death. ...

Louis tried to gain the favor of Queen Isabella, and may have become her lover. After a game of hide and seek in which his son-in-law, the Dauphin, was successively kidnapped and recovered by both parties, the Duke of Burgundy managed to gain appointment by royal decree Рduring one of the King's "absent" periods when mental illness manifested itself Рas guardian of the Dauphin and the king's children. This did not improve the relations between John and Louis. Isabeau de Bavi̬re (also Isabella of Bavaria-Ingolstadt; ca. ... Coat of Arms of the Dauphins of France. ...

Soon the two rivals descended into making open threats. Their uncle, John, Duke of Berry, secured a vow of solemn reconciliation, but three days later, on November 23, 1407 Louis was brutally assassinated in the streets of Paris. He was attacked after mounting his horse by a party of men who literally amputated his arms so that he was defenseless. The order, no one doubted, had come from the Duke of Burgundy, who shortly admitted to the deed and declared it to be a justifiable act of "tyrannicide". After an escape from Paris and a few skirmishes against the Orléans party, John managed to recover the king's favour. In the treaty of Chartres, signed on March 9, 1409, the king absolved the Duke of Burgundy of the crime, and he and Louis's son Charles pledged a reconciliation. A later edict renewed John's guardianship of the Dauphin. John of Valois, the Magnificent, (November 30, 1340 – March 15, 1416) was Duke of Berry and Auvergne and Count of Poitiers and Montpensier. ... November 23 is the 327th day of the year (328th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 38 days remaining. ... Events November 20 - A solemn truce between John, Duke of Burgundy and Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans is agreed under the auspicies of John, Duke of Berry. ... Tyrannicide literally means the killing of a tyrant. ... Chartres is a town and commune of France, préfecture (capital) of the Eure-et-Loir département. ... March 9 is the 68th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (69th in Leap years). ... Events January 1 - The Welsh surrender Harlech Castle to the English. ... Charles of Valois, Duc dOrléans (November 24, 1394 – January 5, 1465) became Duke of Orléans in 1407, following the murder of his father, Louis of Valois on the orders of Duke John-the-Fearless of Burgundy. ...

Even with the Orléans dispute resolved to his favour, John would not have an easy life. Charles of Orléans gathered allies, among them Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac, to support his claims for the property that had been confiscated from him. Peace was solemnly sworn in 1410, and John returned to Burgundy, and Bernard remained in Paris and reportedly shared the queen's bed. Armagnac's party was not contented with political power, and, after a series of riots and attacks against the citizens, John was recalled to the capital. However, he was sent back to Burgundy in 1413. Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac (1360 – June 12, 1418) was count of Armagnac, count of Charolais and constable of France. ...

At this time king Henry V of England invaded French territory and threatened to attack Paris. John participated in the peace negotiations, but with dubious intent. Although he talked of helping his sovereign, his troops took no part in the Battle of Agincourt (in 1415), where two of his brothers, Antoine, Duke of Brabant, and Philip II, Count of Nevers, died fighting for France. Henry V of England (16 September 1387 – 31 August 1422) was one of the great warrior kings of the Middle Ages. ... Combatants Kingdom of England Kingdom of France Commanders Henry V of England Charles dAlbret Strength About 6,000 (but see Modern re-assessment). 4/5 longbowmen, 1/5 dismounted men-at-arms. ... Antoine of Burgundy (August 1384 – October 25, 1415, in the battle of Agincourt), was Duke of Brabant and Limburg and Margrave of Antwerp. ... Phillip II, Count of Nevers (October 1389, Villaines-en-Duesmois – October 25, 1415, Agincourt) was the youngest son of Philip II, Duke of Burgundy and Margaret III of Flanders. ...

Assassination of the Duke of Burgundy, John the Fearless, on the Bridge of Montereau, in 1419. – facsimile of a miniature in the "Chronicles" of Monstrelet, manuscript of the fifteenth century, in the Library of the Arsenal of Paris.

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1429x1838, 163 KB)Assassination of the Duke of Burgundy, John the Fearless, on the Bridge of Montereau, in 1419. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1429x1838, 163 KB)Assassination of the Duke of Burgundy, John the Fearless, on the Bridge of Montereau, in 1419. ...

Conflict with the Dauphin

Two years later, John's troops set about the task of gaining Paris. On May 30, 1418, he captured the city, but not before the Dauphin, the future Charles VII of France, had escaped. John then installed himself in the city and made himself protector of the King. Although not an open ally of the English, John did nothing to prevent the surrender of Rouen in 1419. With the whole of northern France in English hands and Paris occupied by Burgundy, the Dauphin tried to bring about a reconciliation with John. They met in July and swore peace on the bridge of Pouilly, near Melun. On the grounds that peace was not sufficiently assured by the Pouilly meeting, a fresh interview was proposed by the Dauphin to take place on September 10, 1419 on the bridge at Montereau. John of Burgundy was present with his escort for what he considered a diplomatic meeting. He was, however, assassinated by the Dauphin's companions. He was later buried in Dijon. May 30 is the 150th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (151st in leap years). ... Events May 19 - Capture of Paris by John, Duke of Burgundy September - Beginning of English Siege of Rouen Mircea the Old, ruler of Wallachia dies and is succeeded by Vlad I Uzurpatorul. ... Charles VII the Victorious, a. ... Rouen Cathedral The entrance to Rouen Cathedral Abbey church of Saint-Ouen, (chevet) in Rouen Rouen, medieval house Rouen (pronounced in French, sometimes also ) is the historical capital city of Normandy, in northwestern France on the River Seine, and presently the capital of the Haute-Normandie (Upper Normandy) région. ... Melun is a French city and commune on the river Seine, about 50 km south-southeast of Paris. ... September 10 is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years). ... Events January 19 – Hundred Years War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England which brings Normandy under the control of England. ... Street in the center of Dijon Arc de triomphe known as the Porte Guillaume, on Place Darcy in the center of Dijon Dijon and suburbs Cathédrale St Bénigne - Dijon Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Dijon Dijon ( ) is a city in eastern France, the préfecture (administrative capital...

Family

John and Margaret of Bavaria had the following children:

• Catherine (1391–1414, Ghent)
• Marie (1393 – October 30, 1463, Monterberg bei Kalkar). She married Adolph I, Duke of Cleves. They were the great-grandparents of Johann III, Duke of Cleves, father of Anne of Cleves who was fourth Queen consort of Henry VIII of England.
• Marguerite, duchess of Guyenne (1394 – February 2, 1441, Paris), married on August 30, 1404 Louis of Valois the Dauphin (heir of king Charles VI of France), then on October 10, 1422 Arthur de Richemont, the future Duke of Brittany

Coat of Arms of John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy.

• Philip III, Duke of Burgundy (1396–1467)
• Isabelle (d. September 18, 1412, Rouvre), married at Arras on July 22, 1406 to Olivier de Châtillon-Blois, Count of Penthièvre and Périgord
• Jeanne (b. 1399, Bouvres), d. young
• Anne of Burgundy (1404 – November 14, 1432, Paris), married John, Duke of Bedford
• Agnes of Burgundy (1407 – December 1, 1476, Château de Moulins), married Charles I, Duke of Bourbon

John also had several illegitimate children, including the colourful John of Burgundy, Bishop of Cambrai from 1439 to 1479. Ghent municipality and district in the province East Flanders Ghent (IPA: ; Gent in Dutch; Gand in French, formerly Gaunt in English) is a city and a municipality located in Flanders, Belgium. ... October 30 is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 62 days remaining. ... Events January 5 - Poet Francois Villon is banned from Paris Births January 17 - Frederick III, Elector of Saxony (died 1525) February 24 - Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, Italian philosopher (died 1494) October 20 - Alessandro Achillini, Italian philosopher (died 1512) Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de Medici, Italian patron of the arts (died 1503... John III, The Peaceful, Duke of Kleve-Mark, (German: Johann III Der Friedfertige, Herzog von Kleve-Jülich-Berg) (10 November 1490 - 6 February 1538/9) was a son of Johann II der Kindermacher Duke of Kleve-Mark and Matilda von Hessen. ... Anne of Cleves, painted by Hans Holbein the Younger Queen Anne of England née Anne of Cleves (September 22, 1515–July 16, 1557) also known as The Flanders Mare (see below)—was the fourth queen consort of Henry VIII of England from January 6, 1540 to July 9, 1540. ... King George V of the United Kingdom and his consort, Queen Mary A queen consort is the wife and consort of a reigning king. ... For other meanings see Henry VIII (disambiguation). ... February 2 is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... This page is about the year 1441. ... August 30 is the 242nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (243rd in leap years), with 123 days remaining. ... Events June 14 - Owain Glyndwr of Wales allies with the French against the English and the Henry of Lancaster. ... Charles VI Charles VI the Well-Beloved, later known as the Mad (French: Charles VI le Bien-Aimé, later known as le Fol) (December 3, 1368 – October 21, 1422) was a King of France (1380 – 1422) and a member of the Valois Dynasty. ... October 10 is the 283rd day of the year (284th in Leap years). ... Events January 10 - Battle of Nemecky Brod during the Hussite Wars. ... Arthur III (August 24, 1393 – December 26, 1458), known as the Justicier and as Arthur de Richemont, was Count (Earl) of Richmond in England and, for eleven months at the very end of his life, Duke of Brittany after inheriting the title upon the death of his nephew. ... The Duke of Brittany (French: Duc de Bretagne) governed Brittany, a region with strong traditions of independence, including a language and a distinctive culture. ... Image File history File links Armoiries_Bourgogne_Jean_sans_Peur. ... Image File history File links Armoiries_Bourgogne_Jean_sans_Peur. ... Philip III, Duke of Burgundy (Philip the Good or Philippe le Bon) (1396–1467) was Duke of Burgundy from 1419 until his death. ... September 18 is the 261st day of the year (262nd in leap years). ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Go-Komatsu of Japan. ... Arras (Dutch: ) is a town and commune in northern France, préfecture (capital) of the Pas-de-Calais département. ... July 22 is the 203rd day (204th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 162 days remaining. ... Events Construction of Forbidden City begins in Beijing. ... Anne de Bourgogne, or Anne of Burgundy (died 14 November 1432) was the daughter of John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy 1404_1419 and his wife Margaret of Bavaria. ... November 14 is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 47 days remaining until the end of the year. ... Events June 1 - Battle of San Romano - Florence defeats Siena foundation of Université de Caen In the end of the Hook and Cod wars, Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut and Holland is forced by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, to abdicate all her estates in his favour; end of Hainaut... John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford also known as John Platagenet (June 20, 1389 - September 14, 1435) was the fourth son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as regent for his nephew, King Henry VI of England. ... Agnes of Burgundy (1407- December 1, 1476) was the daughter of John I, Duke of Burgundy (1371-1419) and Margaret of Bavaria. ... December 1 is the 335th (in leap years the 336th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events March 2 - Battle of Grandson. ... Moulins is a city and commune in central France, préfecture (capital) of the Allier département. ... Charles I of Bourbon (1401–1456, Château de Moulins) was Count of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis from 1424, and Duke of Bourbon and Auvergne from 1434 to his death, although due to the imprisonment of his father after the Battle of Agincourt, he acquired control of the duchy before this... The Archdiocese of Cambrai comprises the greater part of the département of Nord of France. ...

See also

• Dukes of Burgundy family tree
• Hundred Years' War
• Dukes of Burgundy
• Counts of Burgundy

This is a family tree of the Dukes of Burgundy, from the 9th century to 1482. ... Combatants England Burgundy Brittany Portugal Navarre Flanders Hainault Aquitaine Luxembourg Holy Roman Empire France Castile Scotland Genoa Majorca Bohemia Aragon The Hundred Years War was a conflict between England and France, lasting 116 years from 1337 to 1453. ... The following is a list of the Dukes of Burgundy Richard of Autun, the Justicier (880–921) Rudolph of Burgundy (king of France from 923) (921–923) Hugh the Black (923–952) Gilbert of Chalon (952–956) Odo of Paris (956-965) Otto-Henry the Great... This is a list of the counts of Burgundy from 867 to 1678. ... Philip II, Duke of Burgundy Philip II, Duke of Burgundy, known as the Bold (Philippe II de Bourgogne, le Hardi in French) (January 15, 1342, Pontoise – April 27, 1404, Halle), was the fourth son of King John II of France and his wife, Bonne (Judith), daughter of the king and... This is a list of the counts of Nevers. ... Phillip II, Count of Nevers (October 1389, Villaines-en-Duesmois – October 25, 1415, Agincourt) was the youngest son of Philip II, Duke of Burgundy and Margaret III of Flanders. ... The Duchy of Burgundy, today Bourgogne, has its origin in the small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Saône which in 843 was allotted to Charles the Balds kingdom of West Franks. ... Philip III, Duke of Burgundy (Philip the Good or Philippe le Bon) (1396–1467) was Duke of Burgundy from 1419 until his death. ... Margaret of Dampierre (1350-1405) was countess of Flanders and twice Duchess of Burgundy. ... The County of Artois was a Carolingian county, established by the counts Odalric and Ecfrid of Artois, then integrated into the County of Flanders, first by Baldwin II of Flanders around 898, then by Arnulf I of Flanders. ... The counts of Flanders ruled over the county of Flanders from the 9th century. ... This is a list of the counts of Burgundy from 867 to 1678. ...

External links

• John the Fearless: The Growth of Burgundian Power - reprint of a classic book by Burgundian historian Richard Vaughan.
• John the Fearless (Dijon, Burgundy)
• John the Fearless (Encyclopedia.com)
• John the Fearless (Columbia Encyclopedia)
• Jean sans Peur/John the Fearless
• Tour Jean-sans-Peur
• Jean sans Peur
• One of Jean-sans-Peur's rings

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.