John Armstrong (1717-1795) was an American civil engineer and soldier who served as a major general in the Revolutionary War. He was a delegate to the Continental Congress for Pennsylvania. Events January 4 — The Netherlands, Britain & France sign Triple Alliance March 2 — Dancer John Weaver performs in the first ballet in Britain shown in Drury Lane The Loves of Mars and Venus March 31 - Bishop Benjamin Hoadly, acting on the advice of King George begins the Bangorian Controversy by saying... 1795 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The term civil engineer refers to an individual who practices civil engineering. ... The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a war fought primarily between Great Britain and revolutionaries within thirteen North American colonies. ... The Continental Congress was the federal legislature of the Thirteen Colonies and later of the United States from 1774 to 1789, a period that included the American Revolutionary War and the Articles of Confederation. ... State nickname: The Keystone State Other U.S. States Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Governor Ed Rendell Official languages None Area 119,283 km² (33rd)  - Land 116,074 km²  - Water 3,208 km² (2. ...

Early life

Armstrong was born on October 13, 1717 in Brookeborough, County Fermanagh, Ireland. He was educated there and became a civil engineer before emigrating to Pennsylvania. Armstrong came to Pennsylvania as a surveyor for the Penn family, who owned the colony. In 1750 he laid out the first plat or plan for the town of Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and was one of its first setttlers. He was later appointed surveyor for the newly established Cumberland County. October 13 is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years). ... Events January 4 — The Netherlands, Britain & France sign Triple Alliance March 2 — Dancer John Weaver performs in the first ballet in Britain shown in Drury Lane The Loves of Mars and Venus March 31 - Bishop Benjamin Hoadly, acting on the advice of King George begins the Bangorian Controversy by saying... Brookeborough Today The village of Brookeborough in County Fermanagh (formerly known as Aghalun)lies between Enniskillen and Belfast close to the County Tyrone boundary. ... County Fermanagh (Contae Fear Manach in Irish) is the westernmost of the Six Counties that form Northern Ireland. ... Events March 2 - Small earthquake in London April 4 - Small earthquake in Warrington, England August 23 - Small earthquake in Spalding, England September 30 - Small earthquake in Northampton, England November 16 – Westminster Bridge officially opened Jonas Hanway is the first Englishman to use an umbrella James Gray reveals her sex to... Carlisle is a borough located in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. ... Cumberland County is a county located in the state of Pennsylvania. ...

Indian wars

During the French and Indian War, a combined force of Delaware (Lenape) Indians and Frenchmen attacked and sacked Fort Granville (near present-day Lewistown) in June of 1756, taking a number of prisoners back along the Kittanning Path to the their fortified village of Kittanning on the Allegheny River (present-day Kittanning, Pennsylvania). Governor John Penn ordered the Cumberland County militia to respond. Colonel Armstrong led the Kittanning Expedition, a bold raid deep into hostile territory that destroyed Kittanning on about 6 September 1756. The action earned Armstrong life-long fame as the "Hero of Kittanny". The French and Indian War is the American name for the decisive nine-year conflict (1754-1763) in North America between Great Britain and France, which was one of the theatres of the Seven Years War. ... The Lenape or Lenni-Lenape (later named Delaware Indians by Europeans) were, in the 1600s, loosely organized bands of Native American people practicing small-scale agriculture to augment a largely mobile hunter-gatherer society in the region around the Delaware River, the lower Hudson River, and western Long Island Sound. ... Lewistown is a borough located in Mifflin County, Pennsylvania. ... The Kittanning Path was a major east-west Native American trail in western Pennsylvania used during the 18th century. ... Kittanning was an 18th century Native American village in the Ohio Country, located on the Allegheny River at present-day Kittanning, Pennsylvania. ... The Allegheny River (historically, especially in New York state, also spelled Allegany River) is a tributary of the Ohio River, approximately 325 mi (523 km) long, in the U.S. states of New York and Pennsylvania. ... Kittanning is a borough located in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania. ... John Penn (1729-1795) was one of the last colonial proprietors of Pennsylvania, and Lieutenant Governor of the colony from 1763 to 1776. ... Cumberland County is a county located in the state of Pennsylvania. ... The Kittanning Expedition, also known as the Armstrong Expedition, was a raid during the French and Indian War that led to the destruction of the Native American village of Kittanning, which had served as a staging point for attacks by Delaware (Lenape) and Shawnee warriors against European-American colonists in... September 6 is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years). ... 1756 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1758, Colonel Armstrong led 2,700 Pennsylvania militiamen on the Forbes Expedition, the approach of which compelled the French to vacate and blow up Fort Duquesne. Armstrong became a good friend to the other militia commander in this expedition, Colonel George Washington. 1758 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... John Forbes (1710-March 11, 1759) was a British soldier in the French and Indian War. ... An artist’s rendering of Fort Duquesne Fort Duquesne was a fort established by the French in 1754, at the junction of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers in what is now downtown Pittsburgh in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. ... Order: 1st President Vice President: John Adams Term of office: April 30, 1789 – March 4, 1797 Preceded by: None Succeeded by: John Adams Date of birth: February 22, 1732 Place of birth: Westmoreland, Virginia Date of death: December 14, 1799 Place of death: Mount Vernon, Virginia First Lady: Martha Washington...

American revolution

In the early stages of the Revolutionary War, Armstrong was a brigadier general in the Pennsylvania militia. On March 1, 1776 the Congress appointed him to that same rank in the Continental Army. He was sent south to begin preparations for the defense of Charleston, South Carolina. He contributed his engineering talents to the construction of defenses that enabled them to withstand the Siege of Charleston later that year. When General Charles Lee arrived to take command, he returned to his duties with the main army and with the Pennsylvania militia. Pennsylvania named him Major General in charge of the state militia. This ended his service in the Continental Army, but not the war or his cooperation with General Washington. The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a war fought primarily between Great Britain and revolutionaries within thirteen North American colonies. ... March 1 is the 60th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (61st in leap years). ... This article is about the year 1776. ... The Continental Congress was the federal legislature of the Thirteen Colonies and later of the United States from 1774 to 1789, a period that included the American Revolutionary War and the Articles of Confederation. ... The Continental Army was the unified command structure of the thirteen colonies fighting Great Britain during the American Revolutionary War. ... Charleston, South Carolinas Oldest City Charleston is a city in Charleston County in the U.S. state of South Carolina. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Charles Lee Charles Lee (1732–1782) was a British soldier turned Virginia planter who was a Major General of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War. ...

At the Battle of Brandywine on September 11, 1777, Armstrong's militia held the far left of the American line. They were also to guard the Army's supplies. After a hard day's fighting the Americans were forced to withdraw of face being surrounded. Armstrong brought the supplies and his militia out from Pyle's Ford after dark. The Battle of Brandywine was a battle of the American Revolutionary War fought on September 11, 1777 near Chadds Ford on Brandywine Creek in Delaware County, Pennsylvania. ... September 11 is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years). ... 1777 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

In the Battle of Germantown on October 2, General Armstrong led the American right. His mission was to skirt the British left flank and attack there and in their rear. Despite delays and the troubles some units had in moving, the overall attack was going well, until the center was held up at the Chew House. Then it collapsed after a fog inspired friendly fire incident in which General Adam Stephen's men fired on Anthony Wayne's troops causing their withdrawal. Armstrong, whose men had advanced nearly to the center of Germantown, but were not greatly involved in the fight later complained that it was "....a glorious victory fought for and eight tenths won, ....mysteriously lost, for to this moment no one man can ....give any good reason for the flight." The Battle of Germantown was a battle in the American Revolutionary War. ... Benjamin Chew (November 19, 1722 _ January 20, 1810) was the Chief Justice of colonial Pennsylvania. ... Anthony Wayne (January 1, 1745 - December 15, 1796), was a United States Army general and statesman. ... Germantown is the name of five places in the State of Pennsylvania and a neighborhood in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Germantown, Adams County, Pennsylvania Germantown, Cambria County, Pennsylvania Germantown, Columbia County, Pennsylvania Germantown, Franklin County, Pennsylvania Germantown, Pike County, Pennsylvania See also: Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania This is a disambiguation page — a navigational...

After Germantown, Armstrong was granted permission to give up active command. His health, at sixty, was not what it had been, and old wounds were troubling him. Returning home to Carlisle, he was elected to the Continental Congress by the Pennsylvania Assembly. As a delegate from 1777 to 1780 he was a strong supporter of Washington and the Army. Armstrong was firm in his support for a new United States Constitution, and was returned to the Congress during its final days in 1787 and 1788. The Continental Congress was the federal legislature of the Thirteen Colonies and later of the United States from 1774 to 1789, a period that included the American Revolutionary War and the Articles of Confederation. ... 1777 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1780 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Page I of the Constitution of the United States of America Page II of the United States Constitution Page III of the United States Constitution Page IV of the United States Constitution The Syng inkstand, with which the Constitution was signed The Constitution of the United States is the supreme... 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

Later life

Throughout his life Armstrong served in a number of local or civic offices. One of these, the Carlisle school board, led him to originally oppose Dr. Benjamin Rush's proposal to start a college in the town. He later relented, and became a member of the first Board of Trustees for Dickinson College. John died at home in Carlisle on March 9, 1795 and is buried in the Old Carlisle Cemetery. In 1800, when Pennsylvania created a new county at Kittanning, it was named Armstrong County in his honor. His son, John Armstrong, Jr. also served in the Army and the Congress. Dr. Benjamin Rush (December 24, 1745–April 19, 1813) was a Founding Father of the United States. ... Dickinson College - Old West Cupola with Mermaid Dickinson College is a private liberal arts college in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. ... March 9 is the 68th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (69th in Leap years). ... 1795 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Armstrong County is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. ... John Armstrong, Jr. ...

External link

• Armstrong's Congressional Biography