NationMaster - Encyclopedia: John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir

John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir, GCMG, GCVO, CH, PC (26 August 1875 – 11 February 1940), was a Scottish novelist and Unionist politician who served as Governor General of Canada. Baron Tweedsmuir in uniform, from National Archieves of Canada, copyright expired This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... The Governor General of Canada (French: Gouverneure gÃ©nÃ©rale du Canada or Gouverneur gÃ©nÃ©ral du Canada) is the representative of the Canadian Monarch. ... November 2 is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 59 days remaining. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... February 11 is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... Lord and Lady Bessborough, 1933 Vere Brabazon Ponsonby, 9th Earl of Bessborough (October 27, 1880 - March 10, 1956) was Governor General of Canada. ... Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone (Alexander Augustus Frederick William Alfred George), ne His Serene Highness Prince Alexander of Teck (April 14, 1874 - January 16, 1957, was a member of the British Royal Family, the younger brother of Queen Mary. ... August 26 is the 238th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (239th in leap years). ... 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The Royal Burgh of Perth (Peairt in Scottish Gaelic) is a large burgh in central Scotland. ... February 11 is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... Motto: Concordia Salus Coordinates: Country Canada Province Quebec Founded 1642 Established 1832 City Mayor GÃ©rald Tremblay Area - City 366. ... Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Official languages French Flower Blue Flag Iris (Iris versicolor LinnÃ©) Tree Yellow Birch Bird Snowy Owl Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Lieutenant-Governor Lise Thibault Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Parliamentary representation - House seat - Senate seats 75 24 Area Total - Land - Water (% of... Susan Buchan (nÃ©e Susan Charlotte Grosvenor) was the wife of author and Governor General of Canada John Buchan, Lord Tweedsmuir. ... An author is the person who creates a written work, such as a book, story, article or the like. ... Presbyterianism is part of the Reformed churches family of denominations of Christian Protestantism based on the teachings of John Calvin which traces its institutional roots to the Scottish Reformation, especially as led by John Knox. ... On the Orders insignia, St Michael is often depicted subduing Satan. ... Victoria founded the Royal Victorian Order. ... The Order of the Companions of Honour is a British and Commonwealth Order. ... Her Majestys Most Honourable Privy Council is a body of advisors to the British Sovereign. ... August 26 is the 238th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (239th in leap years). ... 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... February 11 is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... Motto: (Eng: No one provokes me with impunity)1 Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official language(s) English, Gaelic, Scots 2 Government Constitutional monarchy - Queen of the UK Queen Elizabeth II - Prime Minister of the UK Tony Blair MP - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification - by... A novel is an extended work of written, narrative, prose fiction, usually in story form; the writer of a novel is a novelist. ... The Unionist Party, referred to as the Scottish Unionist Party outwith Scotland itself, was the main Tory organisation in Scotland between 1912 and 1965. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Governor General of Canada (French: Gouverneure gÃ©nÃ©rale du Canada or Gouverneur gÃ©nÃ©ral du Canada) is the representative of the Canadian Monarch. ...

Early life

Born in Perth and growing up in Fife, he spent many summer holidays with his grandparents in the Borders, developing a love of walking and the Border scenery and its wildlife that is often featured in his novels. After attending Hutchesons' Grammar School, He won a scholarship to the University of Glasgow where he studied Classics and wrote poetry and first became a published author. He then studied law at Brasenose College, Oxford, winning the Newdigate prize for poetry. He had a genius for friendship which he retained all his life. His friends at Oxford included Hilaire Belloc, Raymond Asquith and Aubrey Herbert. The Royal Burgh of Perth (Peairt in Scottish Gaelic) is a large burgh in central Scotland. ... Fife (FÃ¬obh in Gaelic) is a council area of Scotland, situated between the Firth of Tay and the Firth of Forth, with landward boundaries to Perth and Kinross and Clackmannanshire. ... Scottish Borders (often referred to locally as The Borders or The Borderland) is one of 35 local government unitary council areas of Scotland. ... Hutchesons Grammar School was founded by the Hutcheson brothers, George and Thomas, in 1641. ... The University of Glasgow was founded in 1451, in Glasgow, Scotland. ... Classics, particularly within the Western University tradition, when used as a singular noun, means the study of the language, literature, history, art, and other aspects of Greek and Roman culture during the time frame known as classical antiquity. ... Weighing scales represent the way law balances peoples interests For other senses of this word, see Law (disambiguation). ... College name The Kings Hall and College of Brasenose aula regia et collegium aenei nasi Named after Bronze door knocker Established 1509 Sister College Gonville and Caius College Principal Prof. ... Sir Roger Newdigates Prize is awarded to students of the University of Oxford for Best Composition in English verse by an undergraduate who has not yet been in attendance at Oxford for four years since his or her date of admittance. ... The Chinese poem Quatrain on Heavenly Mountain by Emperor Gaozong (Song Dynasty) Poetry (from the Greek , poiesis, making or creating) is a form of art in which language is used for its aesthetic qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its ostensible meaning. ... Photograph of Belloc Joseph Hilaire Pierre RenÃ© Belloc (July 27, 1870â€“July 16, 1953) was one of the most prolific writers in England during the early twentieth century. ... Raymond Asquith (November 6, 1878 - September 15, 1916) was an English barrister and son of British Prime Minister H.H. Asquith. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

Life as an author and politician

Buchan at first entered into a career in law in 1901, but almost immediately moved into politics, becoming private secretary to British colonial administrator Alfred Milner, who was high commissioner for South Africa, Governor of Cape Colony and colonial administrator of Transvaal and the Orange Free State—Buchan gained an acquaintance with the country that was to feature prominently in his writing. On his return to London, he became a partner in a publishing company while he continued to write books. Buchan married Susan Charlotte Grosvenor, cousin of the Duke of Westminster, on July 15, 1907. Together they had four children, two of whom would spend most of their lives in Canada. The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ... Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner (23 March 1854 _ 13 May 1925), was British statesman and colonial administrator. ... A High Commissioner is a person serving in a special executive capacity. ... Are you kidding?, this is solid truth here, nothing escapes the eyes of Gov!!!, not even. ... Official language English and Dutch1 Capital Cape Town Largest City Cape Town Area - Total - % water Ranked 1st 569,020 kmÂ² (1910) Negligible Population - Total (1911) - Density Ranked 1st 2,564,965 4. ... Flag of Transvaal For the Russian theme park, see Transvaal Park. ... Capital Bloemfontein Created 1854 Dissolved 1900 Official language Dutch (Afrikaans more common) The Orange Free State (Afrikaans: Oranje Vrystaat) was an independent country in southern Africa during the second half of the 19th century, and later a province in South Africa. ... Arms of the Dukes of Westminster (since 1825) The title of Duke of Westminster was created by Queen Victoria in 1874 and bestowed upon Richard Grosvenor, the 3rd Marquess of Westminster. ... July 15 is the 196th day (197th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 169 days remaining. ... 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

In 1910, he wrote Prester John, the first of his adventure novels, set in South Africa. In 1911, he first suffered from duodenal ulcers, an illness he would give to one of his characters in later books. He also entered politics running as a Tory candidate for a Border constituency. Prester John is a 1910 adventure novel by John Buchan. ... The Unionist Party, referred to as the Scottish Unionist Party outwith Scotland itself, was the main Tory organisation in Scotland between 1912 and 1965. ...

During World War I, he wrote for the War Propaganda Bureau and was a correspondent for The Times in France. In 1915, he published his most famous book The Thirty-Nine Steps, a spy thriller set just before the outbreak of World War I, featuring his hero Richard Hannay, who was based on a friend from South African days, Edmund Ironside. The following year he published a sequel Greenmantle. In 1916, he joined the British Army Intelligence Corps where as a 2nd Lieutenant he wrote speeches and communiques for Sir Douglas Haig. Combatants Allied Powers: British Empire France Italy Russia United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Germany Ottoman Empire Commanders Ferdinand Foch Georges Clemenceau Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Herbert Henry Asquith Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Wilhelm II Paul von Hindenburg... The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom since 1785, and under its current name since 1788. ... The Thirty-Nine Steps is an adventure novel by John Buchan, first published in 1915. ... Richard Hannay is the fictional secret agent created by Scottish novelist, John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir. ... Field Marshal William Edmund Ironside Field Marshal William Edmund Ironside. ... Greenmantle is the second of the Richard Hannay novels by John Buchan, first published in 1916. ... The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. ... The Intelligence Corps (also known as Int Corps) is one of the corps of the British Army. ... Second Lieutenant is the lowest commissioned rank in many armed forces. ... Field Marshal Lord Haig Field Marshal Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig KT GCB OM GCVO KCIE ADC (June 19, 1861 â€“ January 28, 1928) was a British soldier and senior commander during World War I. He was commander of the British Expeditionary Force during the Battle of the Somme and the...

In 1917, he returned to Britain where he became Director of Information under Lord Beaverbrook in 1917. After the war he began to write on historical subjects as well as continuing to write thrillers and historical novels. Buchan's 100 works include nearly 30 novels and seven collections of short stories. He also wrote biographies of Sir Walter Scott, Caesar Augustus, Oliver Cromwell and James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose, but the most famous of his books were the spy thrillers and it is probably for these that he is now best remembered. The "last Buchan" (as Graham Greene entitled his appreciative review) is Sick Heart River (American title: Mountain Meadow), 1941, in which a dying protagonist confronts in the Canadian wilderness the questions of the meaning of life. William Maxwell Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook, PC (May 25, 1879 â€“ June 9, 1964) was a Canadian â€“ British business tycoon and politician. ... Portrait of Sir Walter Scott, by Sir Edwin Henry Landseer Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet (15 August 1771 â€“ 21 September 1832) was a prolific Scottish historical novelist and poet popular throughout Europe during his time. ... The famous statue of Octavian at the Prima Porta Caesar Augustus (Latin:IMPÂ·CAESARÂ·DIVIÂ·FÂ·AVGVSTVS) Â¹ (23 September 63 BCâ€“19 August AD 14), known to modern historians as Octavian for the period of his life prior to 27 BC, is considered the first and one of the most... Oliver Cromwell (April 25, 1599â€“September 3, 1658) was an English military and political leader best known for making England a republic and leading the Commonwealth of England. ... James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose (1612 - 21 May 1650), was a Scottish nobleman and soldier, who initially joined the Covenanters in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, but subsequently supported King Charles I as the English Civil War developed. ...

The Thirty-Nine Steps was filmed (much altered) by Alfred Hitchcock in 1935; later versions followed in 1959 and 1978. The 39 Steps is a 1935 film directed by Alfred Hitchcock, based on the adventure novel The Thirty-Nine Steps by John Buchan. ... Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, KBE (August 13, 1899 â€“ April 29, 1980) was a highly influential British director and producer who pioneered many techniques in the suspense and thriller genres. ...

Buchan became president of the Scottish Historical Society. He was twice Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland and in a 1927 by-election was elected a Scottish Unionist MP for the Scottish Universities. Politically he was of the Unionist-Nationalist Tradition that believed in Scotland's promotion as a nation within the British Empire and once remarked "I believe every Scotsman should be a Scottish nationalist. If it could be proved that a Scottish parliament were desirable...Scotsmen should support it". The effects of depression in Scotland and the subsequent high emigration also led him to say "We do not want to be like the Greeks, powerful and prosperous wherever we settle, but with a dead Greece behind us" (Hansard, November 24, 1932). The insightful quotation "It's a great life, if you don't weaken" is also famously attributed to him. The Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland is the British Sovereigns personal representative to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland (the Kirk). ... A by-election or bye-election is a special election held to fill a political office when the incumbent has died or resigned. ... The Unionist Party, referred to as the Scottish Unionist Party outwith Scotland itself, was the main Tory organisation in Scotland between 1912 and 1965. ... A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters of an electoral district to a parliament; in the Westminster system, specifically to the lower house. ... The Combined Scottish Universities was a university constituency in the United Kingdom Parliament (from 1918 until 1950). ... Motto: (Eng: No one provokes me with impunity)1 Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official language(s) English, Gaelic, Scots 2 Government Constitutional monarchy - Queen of the UK Queen Elizabeth II - Prime Minister of the UK Tony Blair MP - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification - by... One of the most influential doctrines in history is that all humans are divided into groups called nations. ... The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ... The Scottish Parliaments logo in English and Gaelic. ... The Scots tribe originated from Ireland, from the now-called counties Antrim and Down. ... Hansard is the traditional name for the printed transcripts of parliamentary debates in the Westminster system of government. ... November 24 is the 328th day (329th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will take you to a full 1932 calendar). ...

Life in Canada

In 1935 he became Governor General of Canada and was created Baron Tweedsmuir. Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King had wanted him to go to Canada as a commoner, but King George V insisted on being represented by a peer. Stephen Harper is the current Prime Minister of Canada. ... William Lyon Mackenzie King, OM, PC, LL.B, Ph. ... George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 - 20 January 1936) was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, as a result of his creating it from the British branch of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...

Buchan's writing continued even after he was appointed Governor General. His later books included novels and histories and his views of Canada. He also wrote an autobiography, Memory Hold-the-Door, while Governor-General. His wife was a writer, producing many books and plays as Susan Buchan. While pursuing his own writing career, he also promoted the development of a distinctly Canadian culture. In 1936, encouraged by Lady Tweedsmuir, he founded the Governor General's Awards, still some of Canada's premier literary awards. Cover of An autobiography, from the Greek auton, self, bios, life and graphein, write, is a biography written by the subject or composed conjointly with a collaborative writer (styled as told to or with). The term dates from the late eighteenth century, but the form is much older. ... Memory Hold-the-Door, or Pilgrims Way (US title) is the 1940 autobiography of John Buchan. ... Susan Buchan (nÃ©e Susan Charlotte Grosvenor) was the wife of author and Governor General of Canada John Buchan, Lord Tweedsmuir. ... Since their creation in 1937, the Governor Generals Literary Awards have become one of Canadas most prestigious prizes, awarded in both French and English in seven categories: Fiction, Non-fiction, Poetry, Drama, Childrens Literature-Text, Childrens Literature-Illustration, and Translation. ...

Lady Tweedsmuir was active in promoting literacy in Canada. She used Rideau Hall as a distribution centre for 40,000 books, which were sent out to readers in remote areas of the west. Her programme was known as the "Lady Tweedsmuir Prairie Library Scheme". Together, Lord and Lady Tweedsmuir established the first proper library at Rideau Hall. Rideau Hall is the official residence of the Governor General of Canada, and is the place of residence of the Monarch of Canada when visiting Ottawa. ... A modern-style library in ChambÃ©ry In the traditional sense of the word, a library is a collection of books and periodicals, . It can refer to an individuals private collection, but more often it is a large collection that is funded and maintained by a city or institution. ...

Tweedsmuir took his responsibilities in Canada seriously and tried to make the office of Governor General relevant to the lives of ordinary Canadians. In his own words, "a Governor General is in a unique position for it is his duty to know the whole of Canada and all the various types of her people".

Tweedsmuir travelled throughout Canada, including the Arctic regions. He took every opportunity to speak to Canadians and to encourage them to develop their own distinct identity. He wanted to build national unity by diminishing the religious and linguistic barriers that divided the country. Tweedsmuir was aware of the suffering experienced by many Canadians due to the Depression and often wrote with compassion about their difficulties. The North, the Canadian Arctic defined politically. ... The Great Depression was an economic downturn which started in 1929 (although its effects were not fully felt until late 1930) and lasted through most of the 1930s. ...

Tweedsmuir was recognized by Glasgow, St. Andrews, McGill, Toronto and Montréal Universities, all of which conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Laws, and he was made an Honorary Fellow and an Honorary D.C.L. of Oxford. The University of Glasgow was founded in 1451, in Glasgow, Scotland. ... St Marys College Bute Medical School Postgraduate Students Affiliations 1994 Group Website www. ... McGill University is a publicly funded, non-denominational, co-educational research university located in the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ... The University of Toronto (U of T) is a coeducational public research university in Toronto, Ontario. ... The UniversitÃ© de MontrÃ©al (UdeM) (translated into English commonly as (the) University of Montreal) is one of six universities in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ... The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford, England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ...

When King George V died in 1936, the front of Rideau Hall was covered in black crepe and Lord Tweedsmuir cancelled all entertaining during the period of mourning. The new heir to the throne, King Edward VIII, soon abdicated to marry Wallis Simpson – creating a crisis for the monarchy. However, when the new King, George VI and Queen Elizabeth travelled throughout Canada in 1939; the regal visit – the first visit to Canada by a reigning Sovereign – was extremely popular. George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 - 20 January 1936) was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, as a result of his creating it from the British branch of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. ... Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David Windsor; later The Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor; 23 June 1894 â€“ 28 May 1972) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions beyond the Seas, King of Ireland, and Emperor of India from the death of his father, George... Wallis, Duchess of Windsor and the Duke of Windsor on their wedding day Bessie Wallis Warfield, more widely known as Wallis Simpson and later The Duchess of Windsor (June 19, 1896â€“April 24, 1986) was the wife of Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor, the former King Edward VIII of the... George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George Windsor) (14 December 1895 - 6 February 1952) became the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Emperor of India, upon the unexpected abdication of his brother, Edward VIII. He reigned from 11 December 1936 until his death. ... Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (Elizabeth Angela Marguerite; later Queen Elizabeth; 4 August 1900 â€“ 30 March 2002) was the Queen Consort of King George VI from 1936 until his death in 1952. ...

Like many people of his time, the experience of the First World War convinced Tweedsmuir of the horrors of armed conflict and he worked with both United States President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Mackenzie King in trying to avert the ever-growing threat of another world war. Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882–April 12, 1945), 32nd President of the United States, the longest-serving holder of the office and the only man to be elected President more than twice, was one of the central figures of 20th century history. ...

While shaving on February 6, 1940, Tweedsmuir had a stroke and injured his head badly in the fall. He received the best possible care – Canada's famous Dr. Wilder Penfield operated twice – but the injury proved fatal. On February 11, just 10 months before his term of office was to expire, Tweedsmuir died. Prime Minister Mackenzie King reflected the loss that all Canadians felt when he read the following words over the radio, "In the passing of His Excellency, the people of Canada have lost one of the greatest and most revered of their Governors General, and a friend who, from the day of his arrival in this country, dedicated his life to their service." February 6 is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... Dr Wilder Graves Penfield, CC, OM, CMG, MD, FRS (January 25/26, 1891 â€“ April 5, 1976) was a American-born Canadian neurosurgeon. ... February 11 is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...

This was the first time a Governor General had died during his term of office since Confederation. After the lying-in-state in the Senate Chamber, a state funeral for Lord Tweedsmuir was held at St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church in Ottawa. His ashes were returned to England on the warship H.M.S. Orion for final burial at Elsfield, where he had bought the Manor in 1920. We dont have an article called Canadian-confederation Start this article Search for Canadian-confederation in. ... Lying in state is a term used to describe the tradition in which a coffin is placed on view to allow the public at large to pay their respects to the deceased. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... St. ... Motto: Advance Ottawa/Ottawa en avant Coordinates: Country Canada Province Ontario County Established 1850 as Bytown City Mayor Bob Chiarelli Governing body Ottawa City Council MPs / MPPs Members of Parliament (MPs) Mauril BÃ©langer (LPC), Paul Dewar (NDP), John Baird (CPC), Royal Galipeau (CPC), David McGuinty (LPC),Pierre Lemieux (CPC... Elsfield is a small village 5km to the NE of Oxford, population less than 100. ...

Reputation

In recent years in common with most of his contemporaries, Buchan's reputation has been tarnished by the lack of political correctness, e.g. the anti-semitism and racism which are evident in his novels. A thoroughly engaging storyteller, his work stands the test of time, and he is currently undergoing a resurgence in popularity. Image File history File links John_Buchan. ... Image File history File links John_Buchan. ... Political correctness is the alteration of language to redress real or alleged injustices and discrimination or to avoid offense. ...

Buchan had a reputation for discretion. He was involved with the Intelligence Corps as a propagandist during World War I and may have had an involvement with British intelligence later; he is cited as having some involvement during the years leading to the Second World War by Canadian-born British spymaster William Stephenson but the books about him are not always reliable. The Intelligence Corps (also known as Int Corps) is one of the corps of the British Army. ... The Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), more commonly known as MI6 (originally Military Intelligence [section] 6), or Her Majestys Secret Service or just the Secret Service, is the British external security agency. ... Sir William Samuel Stephenson, CC , MC , DFC (January 23, 1897 â€“ January 31, 1989) was a Canadian soldier, airman, businessman, inventor, spymaster, and the senior representative of British intelligence for the entire western hemisphere during World War II. Stephenson is best-known by his wartime intelligence codename of Intrepid. ...

In the 1930s Buchan gave financial and moral support to the poor, young academic Roberto Weiss, as Buchan was fascinated by the classical antiquity period Weiss studied, and wished to support this. Plato is credited with the inception of academia: the body of knowledge, its development and transmission across generations. ... Roberto Weiss in Rome with his sister Roberto Weiss (21 January 1906â€“9 August 1969), Italian-British scholar, specialist in Italian-English cultural contacts during the period of Renaissance period and Renaissance humanism. ... Classical antiquity is a broad term for a long period of cultural history centered on the Mediterranean Sea, which begins roughly with the earliest-recorded Greek poetry of Homer (7th century BC), and continues through the rise of Christianity and the fall of the Western Roman Empire (5th century AD...

His autobiography "Memory Hold the Door" (Published as Pilgrims Way in the USA) was said to be John F. Kennedy's favourite book although a list given to Life magazine in 1961 quoted "Montrose" at the head of the list.

Bibliography of principal works

Prester John is a 1910 adventure novel by John Buchan. ... The Thirty-Nine Steps is an adventure novel by John Buchan, first published in 1915. ... The Power-House is a 1916 novel by John Buchan set in England. ... Greenmantle is the second of the Richard Hannay novels by John Buchan, first published in 1916. ... Mr. ... Huntingtower castle. ... The Three Hostages is the fourth Richard Hannay book by John Buchan. ... John Macnab is a novel by John Buchan, published in 1925. ... The Dancing Floor is a 1926 novel by John Buchan featuring Edward Leithen. ... Witch Wood is a 1927 novel by John Buchan. ... The Courts of the Morning (1929) is a novel by John Buchan. ... Castle Gay is a 1930 historical novel by John Buchan. ... The Gap in the Curtain is a 1932 novel by John Buchan. ... The House of the Four Winds is a 1935 novel by John Buchan Categories: | | | ... The Island of Sheep (1936) is a novel by John Buchan. ... Augustus (Latin: IMPâ€¢CAESARâ€¢DIVIâ€¢Fâ€¢AVGVSTVS;[1] September 23, 63 BCâ€“August 19, AD 14), known as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (English Octavian; Latin: Câ€¢IVLIVSâ€¢Câ€¢Fâ€¢CAESARâ€¢OCTAVIANVS) for the period of his life prior to 27 BC, was the first and among the most important of... Memory Hold-the-Door, or Pilgrims Way (US title) is the 1940 autobiography of John Buchan. ... Sick Heart River (1941) is a novel by Scottish author John Buchan set in Canada. ...

Honorary degrees

The University of Toronto (U of T) is a coeducational public research university in Toronto, Ontario. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Doctor of Divinity (D.D., Divinitatis Doctor in Latin) is an academic degree. ...

Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Canada. ... The Governor General of Canada (French: Gouverneure gÃ©nÃ©rale du Canada or Gouverneur gÃ©nÃ©ral du Canada) is the representative of the Canadian Monarch. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Canada. ... Viscount Monck, 1868 The Right Honourable Charles Stanley Monck, 4th Viscount Monck (October 10, 1819 â€“ November 29, 1894) was the last Governor General of the Province of Canada and the first Governor General of Canada after Canadian Confederation. ... John Young, 1st Baron Lisgar (August 31, 1807 - October 6, 1876) was the second Governor General of Canada. ... Lord Dufferin as a young man Frederick Temple Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava, KP, GCB, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, PC (21 June 1826â€“12 February 1902) was a British public servant and prominent member of Victorian society. ... John George Edward Henry Douglas Sutherland Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll, usually better known by his courtesy title of Marquess of Lorne, by which he was known before 1900 (August 6, 1845 - May 2, 1914) was Governor General of Canada. ... The Most Honourable Henry Charles Keith Petty-FitzMaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne, KG, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE (14 January 1845 â€“ 3 June 1927) was a British politician and Irish peer who served successively as Governor General of Canada, Viceroy of India, Secretary of State for War, and Secretary of State for... Frederick Arthur Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby, KG, GCB, GCVO, PC (15 January 1841â€“14 June 1908) was Colonial Secretary from 1885 to 1886 and Governor General of Canada from 1888 to 1893. ... His Excellency Lord Aberdeen The Most Honourable John Campbell Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair, KT, GCMG, GCVO, PC (3 August 1847â€“7 March 1934 Tarland) was Governor General of Canada from 1893 to 1898. ... In 1885, as Middletons chief of staff Gilbert John Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, KG, PC, 4th Earl of Minto (June 9, 1845 – March 1, 1914), known between 1859 and 1891 as Viscount Melgund, was an English politician, Governor General of Canada, and Viceroy of India. ... Albert Grey Albert Henry George Grey, 4th Earl Grey (November 28, 1851 – August 29, 1917) was the ninth Governor General of Canada from 1904 to 1911. ... Prince Arthur as a lieutenant in The Prince Consorts Own Rifle Brigade. ... The Duke of Devonshire As Governor General The Most Noble Victor Christian William Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire (London May 31, 1868â€“May 6, 1938 Chatsworth House), was a Liberal Unionist Member of Parliament for West Derbyshire (1891-1908), Governor General of Canada (1916-1921), and Colonial Secretary (1922-1924). ... Field Marshal Julian Hedworth George Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy (11 September 1862â€“6 June 1935) was a career British Army officer who served as commander of the Canadian army in World War I, and later became Governor General of Canada. ... The Right Honourable George Freeman Thomas, PC later Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon of Ratton (September 12, 1866 - August 12, 1941) was a British Liberal politician who served as Governor General of Canada and Viceroy of India. ... Lord and Lady Bessborough, 1933 Vere Brabazon Ponsonby, 9th Earl of Bessborough (October 27, 1880 - March 10, 1956) was Governor General of Canada. ... Major-General Alexander Augustus Frederick William Alfred George Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone, KG, GCB, GCMG, GCVO, DSO, PC, FRS, born His Serene Highness Prince Alexander of Teck (14 April 1874â€“16 January 1957), was a member of the British Royal Family, the younger brother of Queen Mary. ... Field Marshal Harold Rupert Leofric George Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis, KG, GCB, GCMG, CSI, GCVO, DSO, MC, LL.D, PC, Legion of Honour (10 December 1891â€“16 June 1969) was a British military commander and Field Marshal, notably during the Second World War as the commander of the... The Right Honourable Charles Vincent Massey, CC PC (February 20, 1887 - December 30, 1967) was the eighteenth Governor General of Canada and the first who was born in Canada. ... Georges-PhilÃ©as Vanier (April 23, 1888 - March 5, 1967) was a Canadian solider and diplomat who was Governor General of Canada from 1959 until his death. ... The Right Honourable Daniel Roland Michener, PC , CC , CMM , CD , LL.D (April 19, 1900 - August 6, 1991) was Governor General of Canada from 1967 to 1974. ... The Right Honourable Jules LÃ©ger, PC, CC (April 4, 1913 â€“ November 22, 1980) was the Governor General of Canada (1974 â€“ 1979). ... Edward Richard Schreyer, PC, CC, CMM, OM, CD, LLD (born December 21, 1935, Beausejour, Manitoba) is a Canadian politician and member of the New Democratic Party of Canada. ... The Right Honourable Jeanne Mathilde SauvÃ©, PC , CC , CMM , CD (nÃ©e Benoit) (April 26, 1922 â€“ January 26, 1993) was a Canadian journalist, politician and stateswoman. ... Ramon John Ray Hnatyshyn, PC, CC, CMM, CD, BA, LL.B, QC FRHSC (hon) (anglicized pronunciation ) (March 16, 1934 â€“ December 18, 2002) was Canadas twenty-fourth governor general, serving from 1990 to 1995. ... The Right Honourable RomÃ©o-Adrien LeBlanc, PC, CC, ONB, CMM, CD (born December 18, 1927 in Memramcook, New Brunswick) is a former Governor General of Canada. ... Adrienne Louise Clarkson (Chinese: ; pinyin: WÇ” BÄ«ngzhÄ«, Hakka: Åƒg PÃªn-kÃ®), PC, CC, CMM, COM, CD, LL.D (born February 10, 1939) is an accomplished Canadian journalist. ... MichaÃ«lle Jean, CC, CMM, COM, CD, DUniv (honoris causa), D.Litt (honoris causa) , (born September 6, 1957, in Port-au-Prince, HaÃ¯ti) is the current Governor General of Canada. ...

Contents

Early life

Life as an author and politician

Life in Canada

Reputation

Bibliography of principal works

Honorary degrees

Further reading

External links

Contents

Early life GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Life as an author and politician

Life in Canada

Reputation

Bibliography of principal works

Honorary degrees

Further reading

External links

Early life