Portrait of John Byng by Thomas Hudson, 1749

John Byng (October 29, 1704 – March 14, 1757) was a British Admiral who was court-martialled and executed for failing to "do his utmost" during the Battle of Minorca, at the beginning of the Seven Years' War. Image File history File links John_Byng. ... Image File history File links John_Byng. ... Thomas Hudson was a British portrait painter in the eighteenth century. ... Events While in debtors prison, John Cleland writes Fanny Hill (Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure). ... October 29 is the 302nd day of the year (303rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Building of the Students Monument in Aiud, Romania. ... For the Lebanese political coalition, see March 14 Alliance. ... 1757 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Admiral is the rank, or part of the name of the ranks, of the highest naval officers. ... A court-martial (plural courts-martial) is a military court that determines punishments for members of the military subject to military law. ... The naval Battle of Minorca took place on May 20, 1756, at the opening of the Seven Years War in the European theatre, shortly after the Kingdom of Great Britain had declared war on the House of Bourbon, off the Mediterranean island of Minorca between British and French squadrons. ... Combatants Kingdom of Prussia Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland Electorate of Hanover Kingdom of Portugal Brunswick Hesse-Kassel Holy Roman/Austrian Empire Kingdom of France Russian Empire Kingdom of Sweden Kingdom of Spain Electorate of Saxony Kingdom of Naples and Sicily Kingdom of Sardinia The Seven Years War (1754...

In spring of 1756, Byng, who had previously served as the Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland, was dispatched with a small and undermanned fleet to relieve the British Fort St. Philip (Port Mahon) on the Mediterranean island of Minorca (in the Balearic Islands). During the battle that ensued, several British ships were badly damaged by the French squadron while others, including Byng's flagship, were still out of effective firing range. Instead of engaging the enemy directly, Byng decided to keep the formation, allowing the French to get away undamaged. After four days of waiting, the fleet turned back to Gibraltar without relieving the fort, which was consequently forced to capitulate. 1756 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... In Newfoundland the Commodore-Governor was a British Royal Navy official who was commander of the annual fishing convoy which left England each spring to fish off Newfoundland and was charged with protecting the convoys from harm. ... For other uses, see Newfoundland (disambiguation). ... The Irish surname MacMahon is not related. ... Flag of Minorca This is a taula from the site of Talatì de Dalt about 4km west of Maó Minorca (Menorca both in Catalan and Spanish and increasingly in English usage; from Latin Balearis Minor, later Minorica minor island) is one of the Balearic Islands (Illes Balears Catalan official name... Capital Palma de Mallorca Official language(s) Spanish and Catalan Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 17th  4,992 km²  1. ...

The failure caused a savage outburst of wrath in Britain. Byng was brought home and court-martialled for breach of the Articles of War, which had recently been revised to mandate capital punishment for officers of all ranks who did not do their utmost against the enemy, either in battle or pursuit. He was condemned to death and shot on 14 March 1757 at Portsmouth, aboard HMS Monarch. The Royal Navys Articles of War were used to govern British ships at sea in the Napoleonic Wars and have been used as models for later marshal and maritime law. ... For the Lebanese political coalition, see March 14 Alliance. ... 1757 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... For other places with the same name, see Portsmouth (disambiguation). ... At least three ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Monarch: A Monarch served in the Royal Navy c. ...

The severity of the penalty and the suspicion that he was used as a scapegoat led in time to a reaction in favour of Byng. It became commonplace to say that he was put to death for an error of judgment. The execution was also satirized by Voltaire in Candide. The Scapegoat by William Holman Hunt, 1854. ... François-Marie Arouet (21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778), better known by the pen name Voltaire, was a French Enlightenment writer, essayist, deist and philosopher known for his wit, philosophical writings, and defense of civil liberties, including freedom of religion and the right to a fair trial. ... Candide andrew, ou lOptimisme, (Candide, or Optimism) (1759) is a picaresque novel by the Enlightenment philosopher Voltaire. ...

Early life and career

John Byng was born in Bedfordshire, England, the fourth son of George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington. Bedfordshire is a county in England and forms part of the East of England region. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London (de facto) Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2006 est. ... The Right Honourable George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington (1668) - (Jan. ...

By the time John enlisted in the Royal Navy in 1718, aged 14, his father George was a well-established Admiral with a rising and stellar career, who since supporting William III in his successful bid to be crowned King of England in 1689 had seen his stature and fortune grow. A highly-skilled naval commander, he won distinction in a series of battles and was held in great esteem by the reigning monarchs he served under. In 1721 he was rewarded by King George I of Great Britain with a viscountcy, and created the 1^st. Viscount Torrington. // The Funj warrior aristocracy deposes the reigning mek and places one of their own ranks on the throne of Sennar. ... William III of England (The Hague, 14 November 1650 – Hampton Court, 8 March 1702; also known as William II of Scotland and William III of Orange) was a Dutch aristocrat and a Protestant Prince of Orange from his birth, Stadtholder of the main provinces of the Dutch Republic from 28... This is a list of British monarchs, that is, the monarchs on the thrones of some of the various kingdoms that have existed on, or incorporated, the island of Great Britain, namely: England (united with Wales from 1536) up to 1707; Scotland up to 1707; The Kingdom of Great Britain... Events Louis XIV of France passed the Code Noir, allowing the full use of slaves in the French colonies. ... // Events Pope Innocent XIII becomes pope Johann Sebastian Bach composes the Brandenburg Concertos April 4 - Robert Walpole becomes the first prime minister of Britain September 10 - Treaty of Nystad is signed, bringing an end to the Great Northern War November 2 - Peter I is proclaimed Emperor of All the Russias... George I (Georg Ludwig) (28 May 1660 – 11 June 1727) was Elector of Hanover from 23 January 1698, and King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 1 August 1714, until his death. ... A viscount is a member of the European nobility whose comital title ranks usually, as in the British peerage, above a baron, below an earl (in Britain) or a count (his continental equivalent). ... Viscount Torrington is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. ...

As things would turn out, the careers of father and son could hardly have ended up more differently.

Like most of the younger sons of British nobility the young John Byng would have to earn his keep, since his father's titles and estates would ordinarily pass on only to the eldest. However, with such an illustrious naval father, Byng's rapid promotions through the service most likely owed something to his father's influence.

Byng's early career was served on a series of Mediterranean postings. In 1723 at the age of 19 he was made a Lieutenant, and at the age of 23 rose to become Captain, of HMS Gibraltar. His Mediterranean service continued without much incident or action until 1739. Composite satellite image of the Mediterranean Sea. ... Events February 16 - Louis XV of France attains his majority Births February 24 - John Burgoyne, British general (d. ... Lieutenant is a military, naval, paramilitary, fire service or police officer rank. ... Captain is a nautical term, an organizational title, and a rank in various uniformed organizations. ... Seven ships of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Gibraltar, after the colony of Gibraltar. ... // About the number 1739 1739 is the smallest integer that can be written as sum of three perfect cubes, in two ways. ...

Governorship of Newfoundland

In 1742 he was appointed to the post of Commodore-Governor of the British Empire colony of Newfoundland. // Events January 24 - Charles VII Albert becomes Holy Roman Emperor. ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... British colonization of the Americas began under the Kingdom of England in the late 16th century, before reaching its peak after the Acts of Union 1707, which established the Kingdom of Great Britain. ...

Return to Europe

He was promoted to Rear-Admiral in 1745, and to Vice-Admiral in 1747. He served on the most comfortable stations, and avoided the more arduous work of the navy.^{[citation needed]} // Events May 11 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy - At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 – Frederick the Great destroys Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 - Beginning of the 45 Jacobite Rising at Glenfinnan September 12 - Francis I is elected... Vice Admiral is a naval rank of three star level, equivalent to Lieutenant General in seniority. ... // Events January 31 - The first venereal diseases clinic opens at London Dock Hospital April 9 - The Scottish Jacobite Lord Lovat was beheaded by axe on Tower Hill, London, for high treason; he was the last man to be executed in this way in Britain May 14 - First battle of Cape...

Battle of Minorca

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Admiral John Byng's account of the Battle of Minorca (1756)

On the approach of the Seven Years' War, the island of Minorca, which had been a British possession since 1708 when it was captured during the War of the Spanish Succession, was threatened by a French naval attack from Toulon, and was invaded in 1756. Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ... Combatants Kingdom of Prussia Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland Electorate of Hanover Kingdom of Portugal Brunswick Hesse-Kassel Holy Roman/Austrian Empire Kingdom of France Russian Empire Kingdom of Sweden Kingdom of Spain Electorate of Saxony Kingdom of Naples and Sicily Kingdom of Sardinia The Seven Years War (1754... Flag of Minorca This is a taula from the site of Talatì de Dalt about 4km west of Maó Minorca (Menorca both in Catalan and Spanish and increasingly in English usage; from Latin Balearis Minor, later Minorica minor island) is one of the Balearic Islands (Illes Balears Catalan official name... // Events March 23 - James Francis Edward Stuart lands at the Firth of Forth July 1 - Tewoflos becomes Emperor of Ethiopia September 28 - Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Lesnaya Kandahar conquered by Mir Wais In Masuria one third of the population die during the plague J... Charles II was the last Habsburg King of Spain. ... Panorama of Toulon area Satellite view Coat of Arms of Toulon view of Toulon harbour around 1750, by Joseph Vernet. ... 1756 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

Byng, who was then serving in the Channel with the rank of admiral, which he had attained in 1755, was ordered to the Mediterranean to relieve the British garrison of Fort St Philip (Port Mahon), which was still holding out. The squadron was not very well manned, and Byng was in particular much aggrieved because his marines were landed to make room for the soldiers who were to reinforce the garrison, and he feared that if he met a French squadron after he had lost them he would be dangerously undermanned. His correspondence shows clearly that he left prepared for failure, that he did not believe that the garrison could hold out against the French force, and that he was already resolved to come back from Minorca if he found that the task presented any great difficulty. He wrote home to that effect to the Admiralty from Gibraltar. The governor of the fortress refused to spare any of his soldiers to increase the relief for Minorca, and Byng sailed on May 8. The Irish surname MacMahon is not related. ... The Royal Marines (RM), are the Royal Navys light infantry. ... May 8 is the 128th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (129th in leap years). ...

On the 19th he was off Minorca, and endeavoured to open communications with the fort. Before he could land any of the soldiers, the French squadron appeared. May 19 is the 139th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (140th in leap years). ...

The Battle of Minorca was fought on the following day, May 20. Byng, who had gained the weather gauge (was windward), bore down on the French fleet of M. de La Galissonnière at an angle, so that his leading ships came into action unsupported by the rest of his line. The French cut the leading ships up and then slipped away. When the flag captain pointed out to Byng that by standing out of his line he could bring the centre of the enemy to closer action, he declined on the ground that Thomas Mathews had been condemned for so doing. The French, who were equal in number to the English, got away undamaged. After remaining near Minorca for four days without making any further attempt to communicate with the fort or sighting the French, Byng sailed away to Gibraltar leaving Fort St Philip to its fate. The garrison held out until June 29, when it was forced to capitulate. Under negotiated terms the garrison was allowed passage back to England, while the fort and island came under French control. The naval Battle of Minorca took place on May 20, 1756, at the opening of the Seven Years War in the European theatre, shortly after the Kingdom of Great Britain had declared war on the House of Bourbon, off the Mediterranean island of Minorca between British and French squadrons. ... May 20 is the 140th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (141st in leap years). ... In the Royal Navy a Captain of the fleet could be appointed to assist an admiral when the admiral had ten or more ships to command. ... Thomas Mathews (1676-1751), British admiral, son of Colonel Edward Mathews (d. ... June 29 is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 185 days remaining. ...

Court-martial, trial and execution

The failure to hold the fort caused a savage outburst of wrath in the country. Byng was brought home, tried by court-martial, condemned to death, and shot on 14 March 1757 at Portsmouth, aboard HMS Monarch. A court-martial (plural courts-martial) is a military court that determines punishments for members of the military subject to military law. ... For the Lebanese political coalition, see March 14 Alliance. ... 1757 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... For other places with the same name, see Portsmouth (disambiguation). ... At least three ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Monarch: A Monarch served in the Royal Navy c. ...

The severity of the penalty, aided by a not unjust suspicion that the Admiralty sought to cover themselves by throwing all the blame on the admiral, led to a reaction in favour of Byng. It became a commonplace to say that he was put to death for an error of judgment. The court had indeed acquitted him of personal cowardice or of disaffection, and condemned him only for not having done his utmost. In consequence of many scandals which had taken place in the previous war, the Articles of War had been deliberately revised so as to leave no punishment save death for the officer of any rank who did not do his utmost against the enemy either in battle or pursuit. That Byng had not done all he could is undeniable, and he therefore fell foul of this law. In the previous war, in 1745, an unhappy young lieutenant, Baker Phillips by name, whose captain had brought his ship into action unprepared, and who, when his superior was killed, surrendered the ship when she could no longer be defended, was executed by shooting after being sentenced to death by a court martial. This savage punishment was approved by the higher officers of the navy, who showed great leniency to those of their own rank. The contrast had angered the country, and the Articles of War had been amended precisely in order that there might be one law for all. The Royal Navys Articles of War were used to govern British ships at sea in the Napoleonic Wars and have been used as models for later marshal and maritime law. ...

Byng was the last of his rank to be executed in this fashion. In 2007 some of his descendants petitioned the government for a posthumous pardon, however the Ministry of Defence refused.^[1] The Ministry of Defence (MOD) is the United Kingdom government department responsible for implementation of government defence policy and the headquarters of the British Armed Forces. ...

Aftermath

The facts of Byng's life are fairly set out in John Charnock's Biographia navalis; or, Impartial memoirs of the lives and characters of officers of the navy of Great Britain, from the year 1660 to the present time; drawn from the most authentic sources, and disposed in a chronological arrangement, vol. iv. pp. 145 to 179. The number of contemporary pamphlets about his case is very great (vide infra).

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Candide - Chapter 23

Byng's execution was satirized by Voltaire in his novel Candide. In Portsmouth, Candide witnesses the execution of an officer by firing squad; and is told that "in this country, it is wise to kill an admiral from time to time to encourage the others" (Dans ce pays-ci, il est bon de tuer de temps en temps un amiral pour encourager les autres). Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The original Wikisource logo. ... François-Marie Arouet (21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778), better known by the pen name Voltaire, was a French Enlightenment writer, essayist, deist and philosopher known for his wit, philosophical writings, and defense of civil liberties, including freedom of religion and the right to a fair trial. ... Candide andrew, ou lOptimisme, (Candide, or Optimism) (1759) is a picaresque novel by the Enlightenment philosopher Voltaire. ...

In The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain, volume II, N.A.M. Rodger credits the execution with contributing to the rise of the British Navy (and thereby the British Empire), stating that there "was more truth in [Voltaire's] epigram than perhaps he knew, for the execution of Byng had a profound effect on the moral climate of the navy […] the fate of Byng taught [officers] that even the most powerful political friends might not save an officer who failed to fight. Many things might go wrong with an attack on the enemy, but the only fatal error was not to risk it. Byng's death revived and reinforced a culture of aggressive determination which set British officers apart from their foreign contemporaries, and which in time gave them a steadily mounting psychological ascendancy. More and more in the course of the century, and for long afterwards, British officers encountered opponents who expected to be attacked, and more than half expected to be beaten, so that [the latter] went into action with an invisible disadvantage which no amount of personal courage or numerical strength could entirely make up for." Professor Nicholas Andrew Martin Rodger (born 12 November 1949) is professor of naval history at the University of Exeter, England. ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

It is reported that the ultimate French victory at Port Mahon was commemorated in the name of a condiment: mayonnaise^[2]. This etymology has been criticized, as the name may be older than the victory. For the musical group, see Mayonnaise (band). ... Not to be confused with Entomology, the study of insects. ...

See also

• Execution by firing squad in the United Kingdom
• British military history
• Governors of Newfoundland

Execution by firing squad in the United Kingdom has been limited to times of war, armed insurrection, and within the military. ... British military history is a long and varied topic, extending from the prehistoric and ancient historic period, through the Roman invasions of Julius Cæsar and Claudius and subsequent Roman occupation; warfare in the Mediaeval period, including the invasions of the Saxons and the Vikings in the Early Middle Ages... This is a list of viceroys for the colony, dominion and province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ...

References

1. ^ Bates, Stephen; Richard Norton-Taylor (March 2007). No pardon for Admiral Byng. The MoD don't want to encourage any others. The Guardian. Retrieved on 2007-03-15.
2. ^ Rombauer et al., Joy of Cooking

Wikisource has an original article from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica about:

Byng, John

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... March 15 is the 74th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (75th in leap years). ... Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ... Encyclopædia Britannica, the 11th edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... Encyclopædia Britannica, the 11th edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...

Further reading

External links

• Biography at Government House The Governorship of Newfoundland and Labrador
• Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
• Newgate Calendar
• John Byng at Ward's Book of Days

v • d • e

Governors of Newfoundland

Lieutenant-Governors (1949-present)
Walsh • Outerbridge • Macpherson • O'Dea • Harnum • Winter • Paddon • McGrath • Russell • House • Roberts Thomas Smith (? - 1762) was a British admiral and colonial governor. ... This is a list of viceroys for the colony, dominion and province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ... // Events January 24 - Charles VII Albert becomes Holy Roman Emperor. ... // Events January 24 - Charles VII Albert becomes Holy Roman Emperor. ... Thomas Smith (? - 1762) was a British admiral and colonial governor. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... This is a list of viceroys for the colony, dominion and province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador. ... Sir Albert Joseph Walsh (April 3, 1900 – December 12, 1958), commissioner, chief justice and the Lieutenant-Governor of Newfoundland for 1949, the first Lieutenant Governor for Newfoundland after confederation with Canada. ... Sir Leonard Cecil Outerbridge CC (May 6, 1888 – September 6, 1986) was the Lieutenant-Governor of Newfoundland from 1949 to 1957. ... Campbell Leonard Macpherson (July 4, 1907 – June 28, 1973) businessman born St. ... Fabian A. ODea (January 20, 1918 – December 12, 2004) lawyer, Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. ... The Honourable Ewart John Arlington Harnum (1910 – ) a Canadian businessman and Lieutenant-Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador from 1969-1974. ... The Honourable Gordon Arnaud Winter (October 6, 1912 – August 1, 2003) was the Lieutenant-Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador from 1974 to 1981. ... The Honourable William Anthony Tony Paddon (July 10, 1914 – January 5, 1995) was a Canadian physician and Lieutenant-Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador from 1981-1986. ... The Honourable James Aloysius McGrath (born January 11, 1932) is a former politician and lieutenant-governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. ... The Honourable Frederick William Russell, OC , CD , LL.D (September 10, 1923 - June 20, 2001) was a Canadian businessman and former Lieutenant-Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador. ... The Honourable Arthur Maxwell House (born August 10, 1926) is a Canadian neurologist and a former Lieutenant-Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador. ... His Honour the Honourable Edward Moxon Roberts (born September 1, 1940) is a Canadian politician and Lieutenant-Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador. ...

Commission Governors (1934-1949)
Anderson • Walwyn • MacDonald Sir David Murray Anderson (1874-1936) was born in England and served as a naval officer rising to admiral in 1931 before retiring from the Royal Navy. ... Sir Humphrey Thomas Walwyn (January 25, 1879 - December 29, 1957) served most of his life in the Royal Navy rising to the position of Vice-Admiral of the Royal Indian Navy retiring in 1934. ... Gordon Macdonald, 1st Baron Macdonald of Gwaenysgor (1885–1966) was a British politician and Newfoundlands final British governor as well as the last chairman of the Commission of Government serving from 1946 until the colony joined confederation in 1949 and became a province of Canada. ...

Dominion Governors (1907-1934)
MacGregor • Williams • Davidson • Harris • Allardyce • Middleton • Anderson Sir William MacGregor (20 October 1846 – 3 July 1919). ... Sir Ralph Champneys Williams (March 9, 1848 – June 22, 1927) colonial governor born Anglesey, Wales and died London, England. ... Sir Walter Edward Davidson (April 20, 1859 – September 15, 1923) colonial governor born Killyleagh, County Down, Ireland and died Sydney, Australia. ... Sir Charles Alexander Harris (June 28, 1855 – March 26, 1947) governor of Newfoundland from 1917 to 1922 was born Wrexham, Wales. ... Sir William Lamond Allardyce (1861-1930) was a career British civil servant in the Colonial Office who served as governor of Fiji (1901-1902), the Falkland Islands (1904-1914), Bahamas (1914-1920), Tasmania (1920-1922), and Newfoundland (1922-1928). ... This article is about Sir John Middleton, a British colonial administrator. ... Sir David Murray Anderson (1874-1936) was born in England and served as a naval officer rising to admiral in 1931 before retiring from the Royal Navy. ...

Colonial Governors (1855-1907)
Darling • Bannerman • Musgrave • Hill • Glover • Maxse • Glover • Des Vœux • Blake • O'Brien • Murray • McCallum • Boyle • MacGregor Sir Charles Henry Darling (February 19, 1809 – 1870) colonial governor born Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia and died Cheltenham, England. ... Sir Alexander Bannerman (1788 - 1864) was a merchant, vintner and colonial governor. ... Sir Anthony Musgrave, ca. ... Sir Stephen John Hill (June 10, 1809 – 1876) colonial governor born West Indies and died London, England. ... Sir John Hawley Glover (24 February 1829 – September 30, 1885), captain in the British navy, entered the service in 1841 and passed his examination as lieutenant in 1849, but did not receive a commission till May 1851. ... Sir Henry Berkeley Fitzhardinge Maxse (1832 – September 10, 1883) colonial governor born Effingham Hill, England and died St. ... Sir John Hawley Glover (24 February 1829 – September 30, 1885), captain in the British navy, entered the service in 1841 and passed his examination as lieutenant in 1849, but did not receive a commission till May 1851. ... Sir George Des Voeux Sir George William Des Voeux, GCMG (Chinese Translated Name å¾·è¼”) (22 September 1834 - 15 December 1909) was a British colonial governor who served as Governor of Fiji (1880-1885), Newfoundland and Labrador (1886-1887), and Hong Kong (1887-1891). ... Sir Henry Arthur Blake (1840 - 1918)was born in Limerick, Ireland on January 8, 1840. ... Sir John Terence Nicholls OBrien (April 23, 1830 – February 28, 1903) surveyor, engineer and colonial governor born Guernsey, England and died London, England. ... Sir Herbert Harley Murray (November 4, 1829 – March 22, 1904) colonial governor was born in Bromley, England and died in England. ... Sir Henry Edward McCallum (October 28, 1852 – November 24, 1919) colonial governor born Yeovil, Somersetshire, England and died in England. ... Sir Charles Cavendish Boyle (29 May 1849 – 7 September 1916) was a British colonial administrator. ... Sir William MacGregor (20 October 1846 – 3 July 1919). ...

Civil Governors (1825-1855)
Cochrane • Prescott • Harvey • Law • LeMerchant • Hamilton Sir Thomas John Cochrane (February 5, 1789 – 1872) naval officer and colonial governor born London, England and died England. ... Henry Prescott (May 4, 1783 – November 18, 1874) colonial governor born Kev, England and died London, England. ... Sir John Harvey (April 23, 1778 – March 22, 1852) was a British army officer and a Lieutenant Governor. ... Robert A. Law (c. ... Sir John Gaspar LeMarchant (1803 – 1874) army officer and governor of Newfoundland, Canada from 1847 to 1852. ... Ker Baillie Hamilton (July 4, 1804 – February 6, 1889) colonial governor born Cleveland, England and died Tunbridge Wells, England. ...

Commodore-Governors (1729-1825)
Osborn • Clinton • Falkingham • Muskerry • Lee • Vanbrugh • Medley • Smith • Byng • Smith • Hardy • Edwards • Douglas • Watson • Rodney • Drake • Bonfoy • Dorrill • Edwards • Webb • Graves • Palliser • Byron • Shuldham • Duff • Montagu • Edwards • Campbell • Elliott • Milbanke • King • Wallace • Waldegrave • Pole • Gambier • Gower • Holloway • Duckworth • Keats • Pickmore • Hamilton Henry Osborn (baptized August 27, 1694 – February 4, 1771) naval officer and Commodore Governor of Newfoundland, born England died London, England. ... George Clinton (c. ... Commodore-Governor Edward Falkingham (b. ... Robert McCarthy, Viscount Muskerry and Cork and the Earl of Clancarty (1698 – September, 1769) naval officer and Commodore Governor of Newfoundland, born Ireland and died in Boulogne. ... Fitzroy Henry Lee (c. ... Philip VanBrugh (? – 1753) naval officer and Commodore Governor of Newfoundland, born England. ... Henry Medley (? – August 5, 1747) naval officer and Commodore Governor of Newfoundland, died on board the Russell at Vado. ... Thomas Smith (? - 1762) was a British admiral and colonial governor. ... Thomas Smith (? - 1762) was a British admiral and colonial governor. ... Sir Charles Hardy (c. ... Richard Edwards (? – 1773) naval officer and Commodore Governor of Newfoundland, died England. ... Sir James Douglas, 1st Baronet (1703 – 2 November 1787) naval officer and Commodore of Newfoundland, born England. ... Charles Watson (1714 – August 16, 1757) naval officer and colonial governor of Newfoundland, Canada, died at Calcutta, India. ... Admiral Lord George Brydges Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney, 1719-1792 by Jean-Laurent Mosnier, painted 1791 George Brydges Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney Bt (February 1718 – May 24, 1792) – British naval officer. ... Francis William Drake (baptized August 22, 1724 – December 18, 1787) born in Buckland Monocharum, Devon the third son of Anne Heathcote and Sir Francis Henry Drake, a descendant of Sir Francis Drake. ... Hugh Bonfoy (c. ... Richard Dorill (c. ... Richard Edwards (c. ... James Webb (? – May 14, 1761) naval officer and colonial governor of Newfoundland, Canada, born England and died Plymouth Sound, England. ... Thomas Graves, 1st Baron Graves (ca. ... Sir Hugh Palliser (22 February 1722 or 1723 – 19 March 1796) was a British naval officer and the Governor of Newfoundland (a Commodore-Governor) from 1764 – 1768. ... John Byron (November 8, 1723 – April 10, 1786) was a British vice-admiral. ... Molyneux Shuldham (c. ... Robert Duff (? – June 6, 1787) naval officer and colonial governor of Newfoundland, Canada, born England and died Queensferry, England. ... John Montagu (1719 – 1795) naval officer and colonial governor of Newfoundland, Canada born Lackham, England and died Fareham, Hampshire, England. ... Richard Edwards (c. ... John Campbell (c. ... John Elliott (? – September 20, 1808) naval officer and colonial governor born Scotland and died Roxburgshire, Mouth Teviot. ... Sir Mark Milbanke (April 12, 1724 – June 9, 1805) naval officer and colonial governor born Halnaby Hall, England and died London, England. ... Sir Richard King, 1st Baronet (August 10, 1730 – November 7, 1806) naval officer and colonial governor born Gosport and died England. ... Sir James Wallace (1731 – January 6, 1803) naval officer and colonial governor born England and died London, England. ... William Waldegrave, 1st Baron Radstock, G.C.B. (July 9, 1753 - August 20, 1825) was the Governor of Newfoundland and an Admiral in the Royal Navy. ... Admiral John James Gambier (13 October 1756 New Providence, Bahamas- 19 April 1833 Iver,England) Governor of Newfoundland 1802 - 1804 In 1807, he took part in the Battle of Copenhagen (1807). ... Sir Erasmus Gower (December 3, 1742 – June 21, 1814) naval officer and colonial governor born Cilgerren, Wales and died Hambledon, Hampshire, England. ... John Holloway (15 January 1744 – 26 June 1826), Governor (1807-1809), was born on January 15, 1744 at Wells, Somerset, England. ... Sir John Duckworth Vice-Admiral Sir John Thomas Duckworth (9 February 1747 or 1748 – 31 August 1817) was a British naval officer of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. ... Vice-Admiral Sir Richard Goodwin Keats (16 January 1757 – 5 April 1834) Governor of Newfoundland, born Chalton, Hampshire. ... Francis Pickmore (c. ... Sir Charles Hamilton (May 25, 1767 – September 14, 1849) was a British naval officer and governor of Newfoundland. ...

French Gouverneurs (1655-1713)
de Kéréon • Gargot • du Perron • dit Lafontaine • Palme • Pioppe • Parat • de Costebelle • de Brouillan • de Monic • de Subercase • de Costebelle Sieur de Kéréon was the firt French Governor of Plaisance (Placentia), Newfoundland in 1655. ... Thalour de Perron was Governor of Plaisance (Placentia), Newfoundland in 1660. ... Thalour du Perron was Governor of Plaisance (Placentia), Newfoundland from 1662 to 1664. ... Bellot dit Lafontaine was Governor of Plaisance (Placentia), Newfoundland from 1664 to 1667. ... La Palme was Governor of Plaisance (Placentia), Newfoundland from 1667 to 1670. ... La Poippe was Governor of Plaisance (Placentia), Newfoundland from 1670 to 1684. ... Antonie Parat was Governor of Plaisance (Placentia), Newfoundland from 1685 to 1690. ... Louis de Pastour de Costebelle (b. ... Jacques-François de Mombeton de Brouillan (born 1651, Gascony – died September 22, 1705 at Chedabouctou, Nova Scotia) military officer and Governor of Plaisance (Placentia), Newfoundland. ... Joseph de Monic (c. ... Daniel dAuger de Subercase (February 12, 1661 – November 20, 1732) naval officer and Governor of Newfoundland, Canada, born Orthez, Béarn died Cannes. ... Philippe de Pastour de Costebelle (c. ...

Proprietary Governors (1610-1728)
Guy • Mason • Hayman • Whitbourne • Tanfield • Wynne • Aston • Calvert • Baltimore • Hill • Kirke • Treworgie John Gay (d. ... Captain John Mason (1586 – 1635) was born at Kings Lynn, Norfolk, England. ... Robert Hayman (1575-1629) was a poet, colonist and Proprietary Governor of Bristols Hope colony in Newfoundland. ... Sir Richard Whitbourne (1579-1628) was an English colonist, author and mariner. ... Francis Tanfield (born 1565) was Proprietary Governor of the South Falkland colony of Henry Cary, 1st Viscount Falkland, his cousins husband. ... Edward Wynne was Proprietary Governor of Ferryland colony from 1621 to 1626. ... Sir Arthur Aston (died 1627) was appointed Proprietary Governor of Avalon in 1625 by Sir George Calvert. ... George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore (c. ... The Lord Baltimore Cæcilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (August 8, 1605 – November 30, 1675), inherited the grant by Charles I of England of the new colony of Maryland on the death of his father, the 1st Baron Baltimore in 1632. ... William Hill was the Proprietary Governor of the Province of Avalon in Newfoundland from 1634 to 1638. ... Sir David Kirke (ca. ... John Treworgie (born ca. ...