John Philip Cromwell (11 September 1901 – 19 November 1943) was a submariner of the United States Navy. He was awarded the Medal of Honor, posthumously, during World War II. September 11 is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years). ... 1901 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... November 19 is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1943 is a common year starting on Friday. ... The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for naval operations. ... For the computer game, see Medal of Honor (computer game). ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ...

Cromwell was born in Henry, Illinois, on 11 September 1901. Appointed to the U.S. Naval Academy in 1920, he graduated in June 1924 and served initially in the battleship USS Maryland (BB-46). In 1926, he attended submarine school and was assigned to USS S-24 (SS-129) during 1927–29. He next had three year's diesel engineering instruction, followed by further tours of duty in submarines. Henry is a city located in Marshall County, Illinois. ... State nickname: The Prairie State Other U.S. States Capital Springfield Largest city Chicago Governor Rod Blagojevich Official languages English Area 149,998 km² (25th)  - Land 143,968 km²  - Water 6,030 km² (4. ... September 11 is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years). ... Teamwork: Fourth Class Midshipmen lock arms and use ropes made from uniform items as they brace themselves climbing the Herndon Monument The United States Naval Academy, or USNA, is an institution for the undergraduate education of officers of the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps. ... 1920 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ... 1924 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... This article is about a battleship as a type of warship. ... USS Maryland (BB-46), a Colorado-class battleship, was the third ship of the United States Navy to be named in honor of the seventh state. ... 1926 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... USS Los Angeles A submarine is a specialized watercraft that can operate underwater. ... Events January 7 - First transatlantic telephone call - New York City to London January 9 - Military rebellion crushed in Lisbon January 14 - Paul Doumer elected president of France January 19 - Britain sends troops to China February 12 - First British troops lad on Shanghai February 14 - Earthquake in Yugoslavia - 700 dead February... 1929 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The diesel engine is a type of internal combustion engine; more specifically, it is a compression ignition engine, in which the fuel is ignited by being suddenly exposed to the high temperature and pressure of a compressed gas containing oxygen (usually atmospheric air), rather than a separate source of ignition...

Lieutenant Cromwell commanded S-20 (SS-125) in 1936–37, then served on the staff of Commander Submarine Division 4. He was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Commander in 1939 and spent two years in Washington, D.C. with the Bureau of Engineering and Bureau of Ships. In May 1941, he became Engineer Officer for the Pacific Fleet submarine force. During 1942–43, he commanded Submarine Divisions 203, 44 and 43. 1936 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1937 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1939 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United... 1941 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... This article is about the Pacific Fleet of the US Navy. ... 1942 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1943 is a common year starting on Friday. ...

Following promotion to Captain, he went to sea in Sculpin (SS-191) as prospective commander of a mid-Pacific submarine wolf pack. While attacking a Japanese convoy on 19 November 1943, Sculpin was forced to the surface, fatally damaged in a gun battle and abandoned by her surviving crew members. Captain Cromwell, who knew secret details of the impending operation to capture the Gilbert Islands, deliberately remained on board as she sank. For his sacrificial heroism in preventing the enemy from obtaining this information, he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor. USS Sculpin (SS-191), a Sargo-class submarine, was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for the sculpin, a spiny, large-headed, broad-mouthed, usually scaleless fish of the family Cottidae. ... This article describes the system of submarine warfare. ... Official language Japanese Capital Tokyo Largest City Tokyo Emperor Akihito Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 60th 377,835 km² 0. ... A convoy is a group of vehicles or ships traveling together for mutual support. ... November 19 is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1943 is a common year starting on Friday. ... Battle of Tarawa Conflict World War II, Pacific War Date November 20 – November 23, 1943 Place Tarawa Result American victory The Battle of Tarawa was a battle in the Pacific Theatre of World War II. It was the second time the United States was on the offensive (the Battle of... The Gilbert Islands are a chain of 16 atolls and coral islands in the Pacific Ocean, part of the nation Kiribati. ... For the computer game, see Medal of Honor (computer game). ...

In 1954, the destroyer escort USS Cromwell (DE-1014) was named in his honor. 1954 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... A Destroyer Escort (DE) is a small, fast warship designed to be used to escort convoys of merchant marine ships. ...

Medal of Honor citation for Captain John P. Cromwell:

For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty as Commander of a Submarine Coordinated Attack Group with Flag in the U.S.S. Sculpin, during the Ninth War Patrol of that vessel in enemy-controlled waters off Truk Island, November 19, 1943. Undertaking this patrol prior to the launching of our first large-scale offensive in the Pacific, Captain Cromwell, alone of the entire Task Group, possessed secret intelligence information of our submarine strategy and tactics, scheduled Fleet movements and specific attack plans. Constantly vigilant and precise in carrying out his secret orders, he moved his underseas flotilla inexorably forward despite savage opposition and established a line of submarines to southeastward of the main Japanese stronghold at Truk. Cool and undaunted as the submarine, rocked and battered by Japanese depth-charges, sustained terrific battle damage and sank to an excessive depth, he authorized the Sculpin to surface and engage the enemy in a gun-fight, thereby providing an opportunity for the crew to abandon ship. Determined to sacrifice himself rather than risk capture and subsequent danger of revealing plans under Japanese torture or use of drugs, he stoically remained aboard the mortally wounded vessel as she plunged to her death. Preserving the security of his mission at the cost of his own life, he had served his country as he had served the Navy, with deep integrity and an uncompromising devotion to duty. His great moral courage in the face of certain death adds new luster to the traditions of the United States Naval Service. He gallantly gave his life for his country.

Medal of Honor, US Navy (and USMC) version; Cropped from en:Image:Medalsofhonor. ... A view of Chuuk Chuuk is an island group that comprises one of the four states of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), along with Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap. ... Depth Charge used by U.S. Navy later in World War II The depth charge is the oldest anti-submarine weapon. ...

External link

• history.navy.mil: John P. Cromwell (http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/pers-us/uspers-c/j-cromwl.htm)