John Dickinson (November 2, 1732 – February 14, 1808) was an American lawyer, artist and politician from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Wilmington, Delaware. He was a militia officer during the American Revolution, a Continental Congressman from Pennsylvania and Delaware, a delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention of 1787, President of Delaware, and President of Pennsylvania. Among the wealthiest men in the British American colonies, he is known as the Penman of the Revolution, for his Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania, where he eloquently argued the cause of American liberty. Although refusing to vote in favor of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, he supported the establishment of the new government during the American Revolution and afterward in many official capacities. http://teachpol. ... 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Events February 23 - First performance of Handels Orlando, in London June 9 - James Oglethorpe is granted a royal charter for the colony of Georgia. ... Talbot County is a county located in the state of Maryland. ... Official language(s) None (English, de facto) Capital Annapolis Largest city Baltimore Area  Ranked 42nd  - Total 12,407 sq mi (32,133 km²)  - Width 101 miles (145 km)  - Length 249 miles (400 km)  - % water 21  - Latitude 37° 53′ N to 39° 43′ N  - Longitude 75° 03′ W to 79° 29... is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1808 (MDCCCVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... : Chemical Capital of the World , Corporate Capital of the World , Credit Card Capital of the World : A Place to Be Somebody United States Delaware New Castle 17. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ... The Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison as the Republican party (not related to the present-day Republican Party) in 1792, was the dominant political party in the United States from 1800 until the 1820s, when it split into competing factions, one of which became the... Kent County is a county located in the central part of the state of Delaware. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area    - City 369. ... Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ... : Chemical Capital of the World , Corporate Capital of the World , Credit Card Capital of the World : A Place to Be Somebody United States Delaware New Castle 17. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ... For the fish called lawyer, see Burbot. ... “Quaker” redirects here. ... is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events February 23 - First performance of Handels Orlando, in London June 9 - James Oglethorpe is granted a royal charter for the colony of Georgia. ... is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1808 (MDCCCVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 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Family history

Dickinson was born November 2, 1732 ^[1] at "Croisadore," his family's tobacco plantation in Talbot County, near Trappe, Maryland. He was the great grandson of Walter Dickinson who emigrated from England to Virginia in 1654 and, having joined the Society of Friends, came with several co-religionists to Talbot County on the Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake Bay in 1659. There, with 400 acres on the banks of the Choptank River he began a plantation, "Croisadore," meaning "cross of gold." He also bought 800 acres on St. Jones Neck in what became Kent County, Delaware. is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events February 23 - First performance of Handels Orlando, in London June 9 - James Oglethorpe is granted a royal charter for the colony of Georgia. ... Shredded tobacco leaf for pipe smoking Tobacco can also be pressed into plugs and sliced into flakes Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the fresh leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. ... Talbot County is a county located in the state of Maryland. ... Trappe is a town located in Talbot County, Maryland. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... The Religious Society of Friends, commonly known as Quakers, or Friends, is a religious community founded in England in the 17th century. ... Eastern Shore refers to many places, including: Maryland Eastern Shore Eastern Shore (Nova Scotia) Eastern Shore (electoral district) of Nova Scotia This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Chesapeake Bay - Landsat photo The Chesapeake Bay where the Susquehanna River empties into it. ... The Choptank River is a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay which flows from its source in eastern Delaware south-southwest, flowing through Caroline County, Maryland and its county seat Denton, and then flowing along the boundary between Talbot County on the north and west and Caroline and Dorchester Counties on... Kent County is a county located in the central part of the state of Delaware. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ...

"Croisadore" passed through Walter's son, William, to his grandson, Samuel, the father of John Dickinson. Each generation increased the landholdings such that Samuel inherited 2500 acres (10 km²) on five farms in three Maryland counties and over his lifetime increased that to 9000 acres (36 km²). He also bought the Kent County property from his cousin and expanded it into a massive domain of some 3000 acres (12 km²) stretching along the St. Jones River from Dover to the Delaware Bay. There he began another plantation and called it “Poplar Hall.” These plantations were large, profitable agricultural enterprises worked by slave labor, producing tobacco in Talbot County and wheat and corn in the more sandy soil of Kent County. As a result the family was enormously wealthy. The St. ... : The State Capital since 1777 United States Delaware Kent 22. ... Delaware Bay Delaware Bay is a large esturarial inlet of the Atlantic Ocean at the mouth of the Delaware River along the coast of the United States. ... Wiktionary has related dictionary definitions, such as: slave Slave may refer to: Slavery, where people are owned by others, and live to serve their owners without pay Slave (BDSM), a form of sexual and consenual submission Slave clock, in technology, a clock or timer that synchrnonizes to a master clock... Species T. aestivum T. boeoticum T. dicoccoides T. dicoccon T. durum T. monococcum T. spelta T. sphaerococcum T. timopheevii References:   ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 Wheat Wheat For the indie rock group, see Wheat (band). ... Binomial name L. Corn (Zea mays L. ssp. ...

Samuel Dickinson first married Judith Troth and they had nine children. As was often the case, four died as children, but tragically Judith herself died in 1729, and the three eldest sons died while in England seeking their education. Widowed, with two young children, Henry and Betsy, Samuel married Mary Cadwalader in 1731. She was the daughter of the prominent Quaker, John Cadwalader of Philadelphia. Their sons, John and Philemon, were born in the next few years. The Religious Society of Friends, commonly known as Quakers, or Friends, is a religious community founded in England in the 17th century. ... Philemon Dickinson (April 5, 1739–February 4, 1809) was an American politician. ...

For three generations the Dickinson family had been devout members of the Third Haven Friends Meeting in Talbot County and the Cadwaladers were equally devout members of the Meeting in Philadelphia. But in 1739, John Dickinson's half-sister, Betsy, was married in an Anglican Church to Charles Goldsborough in what was called a "disorderly marriage" by the Meeting. This event hurt Samuel Dickinson in such a way that he never participated in the Meeting again, and undoubtedly, out of loyalty to his father, was one reason for John Dickinson’s later refusal to ever formally join the Meeting himself.

It may have also been one of the reasons for Samuel’s decision to move the family to "Poplar Hall" in 1740. Leaving "Croisadore" to elder son, Henry Dickinson, they made the trek to their new home, where Samuel had already taken a leading role in the community as Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Kent County. The move also placed Mary nearer her Philadelphia relations, and young John was to grow up under the growing attraction of that great metropolis.

By contemporary standards "Poplar Hall" was itself a busy place, situated on a now straightened bend of the St. Jones River. There was plenty of activity delivering the necessities, and shipping the agricultural products produced. Much of this product was wheat, an especially soft, fine wheat, that along with other wheat from the region, was milled into the famous “superfine” flour. But the people were largely servants and slaves, employed by, or doing business with the Dickinsons. Neighbors were a long way away over the marshy hinterland, and even those that were there were not close friends, separated psychologically by differences in wealth and religion. The land itself was a vast, damp, mosquito ridden domain, acquired because it was cheaper to buy than to improve, and therefore quickly worn out and abandoned. It had a subtle, quiet beauty, fully appreciated by John Dickinson and his father, but less so by others in the family, and not at all by his wife in the years to come. The St. ... The Buxton Memorial Fountain, celebrating the emancipation of slaves in the British Empire in 1834, London. ...

Early life and education

Dickinson was educated at home, largely by doting parents, but also by recent immigrants employed for that purpose. Included among them was the Presbyterian minister Francis Alison, who later began the well known New London Academy in Chester County, Pennsylvania. Most important was William Killen, who became a life-long friend, and himself had a distinguished career as Delaware’s first Chief Justice and Chancellor. Dickinson was precocious and energetic, and in spite of his love of "Poplar Hall" and his family, was himself irresistibly drawn to the larger stage up river in Philadelphia. Chester County is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. ... Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ...

Recognizing all this, his father sent him, at the age of 18, to begin studying the law under John Moland in Philadelphia. There he made friends with fellow students George Read and Samuel Wharton, among others, and enjoyed the new experience of urban life. By 1753 it was apparent that the place he really needed to study was London, and in spite of having already lost three sons while making similar trips, Samuel Dickinson agreed to send John for what ended up as three years of study at the Middle Temple. He spent those years studying Coke and Bacon, among others, at the Inns of Court, and by early 1757 was admitted to the Bar. After returning to "Poplar Hall" for a lengthy visit, he was back in Philadelphia by the fall, having begun his career as barrister and solicitor. George Read (September 18, 1733 – September 21, 1798) was an American lawyer and politician from New Castle, in New Castle County, Delaware. ... Samuel Wharton (May 3, 1732– March, 1800) was an American merchant and politician from Dover in Kent County, Delaware. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Part of Middle Temple c. ... Sir Edward Coke Sir Edward Coke (pronounced cook) (1 February 1552 – 3 September 1634), was an early English colonial entrepreneur and jurist whose writings on the English common law were the definitive legal texts for some 300 years. ... for the painter see Francis Bacon (painter) For other persons named Francis Bacon, see Francis Bacon (disambiguation). ... Combined arms of the four Inns of Court The Inns of Court, in London, are the professional associations to one of which every English barrister (and those judges who were formerly barristers) must belong. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Philadelphia lawyer

Dickinson quickly rose to a respectable position at the Philadelphia Bar. Joined for a time by his brother, Philemon Dickinson, he was articulate and self-assured and carried a “dogmatic certainty about his actions and opinions.” This and a hypersensitivity to criticism led him into rivalry with the likes of Benjamin Chew and Joseph Galloway. But it also led him into long friendships with George Read and Thomas McKean of New Castle, Delaware, even if his political views often clashed with McKean. ^[2] This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Philemon Dickinson (April 5, 1739–February 4, 1809) was an American politician. ... Benjamin Chew (November 19, 1722 – January 20, 1810) was the Chief Justice of colonial Pennsylvania. ... Joseph Galloway (1731–August 29, 1803) was an American Continental Congress Delegate from Pennsylvania; born at West River, Maryland; moved with his father to Pennsylvania in 1740; received a liberal schooling; studied law; was admitted to the bar and began practice in Philadelphia; member of the Pennsylvania House of... George Read (September 18, 1733 – September 21, 1798) was an American lawyer and politician from New Castle, in New Castle County, Delaware. ... Thomas McKean Thomas McKean (March 19, 1734–June 24, 1817) was the second President of the United States in Congress assembled, from July 10, 1781, until November 4, 1781. ... Old New Castle Courthouse. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ...

The areas now called Pennsylvania and Delaware were never one colony, although it had been the desire of the common Proprietor, William Penn, to make them so. While they continued to share the same executive, usually a Deputy Governor, since 1704 they had completely separate legislatures, one meeting in Philadelphia and the other in New Castle. Mid-eighteenth-century politics in Delaware, or the Lower Counties, as they were known, divided along the lines of a largely Anglican, Kent and Sussex County, pro-military Court faction that worked well with the Proprietary, and a largely Ulster-Scot, Presbyterian, New Castle County Country Party that opposed them. Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ... For other uses, see William Penn (disambiguation). ... Old New Castle Courthouse. ... This article is about the Episcopal Church in the United States. ... Kent County is a county located in the central part of the state of Delaware. ... Sussex County is a county located in the southern part of the state of Delaware. ... Ulster-Scots is a term mainly used in Ireland and Britain (Scotch-Irish or Scots-Irishis commonly used in North America) primarily to refer to Presbyterian Scots, or their descendents, who migrated from the Scottish Lowlands to Ulster (the northern province of Ireland), largely across the 17th century. ... The Presbyterian Church (USA) is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination in the United States. ... New Castle County is the northern-most county of the three counties in the state of Delaware. ...

Even though a resident of Philadelphia, Dickinson was elected to his first political office in October 1759, serving as one of six persons representing Kent County in the 1759/60 Assembly of the Lower Counties at New Castle. Elected again to the 1760/61 session, he was selected Speaker. In 1761 he failed to be elected to the Assembly of the Lower Counties, and later to the Pennsylvania General Assembly as well. But in the following year he won a special election for a seat from Philadelphia, and served in the Pennsylvania General Assembly, during the 1762/63 and 1764/65 sessions. The Delaware General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Delaware. ... It has been suggested that Speakers of the House be merged into this article or section. ... The Delaware General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Delaware. ... Capitol Building The Pennsylvania General Assembly is the U.S. state of Pennsylvanias legislative branch, seated at the states capital, Harrisburg. ...

Mid-eighteenth-century Pennsylvania politics divided along the lines of a Proprietary Party and a Popular or Quaker Party, led at first by David Lloyd and later by Benjamin Franklin. The minority Proprietary Party was strongly in support of the now Anglican Penn family's political and property interests. But it was also in favor of providing an adequate military effort to protect the colony. In order to gain seats it supported giving representation in the General Assembly to western areas. For both reasons it enjoyed strong support in the west. The main interest of the majority Popular Party was in limiting the proprietary authority, taxing the proprietary lands, and increasing the amount of locally printed paper currency in circulation. Ultimately they sought to end the apostate Proprietorship and establish Pennsylvania as a royal colony. Dickinson associated with the Court faction in the Lower Counties and the Proprietary Party in the Province, as Pennsylvania was known. This was perhaps because of his concern for the inviolability of personal property, but also because he feared the possible loss of liberties that might accrue with an assumption of Royal government. In the Lower Counties there was also a belief that the Proprietary was needed to finalize the favorable Mason-Dixon boundary of 1767 with Maryland and to keep the Lower Counties from being swallowed up by Pennsylvania. Cover art for the collected edition of V for Vendetta by David Lloyd David Lloyd (born 1950) is a British comics artists best known as the illustrator of the graphic novel V for Vendetta, written by Alan Moore. ... Benjamin Franklin (January 17 [O.S. January 6] 1706 – April 17, 1790) was one of the most well known Founding Fathers of the United States. ... This article is about the Episcopal Church in the United States. ... Capitol Building The Pennsylvania General Assembly is the U.S. state of Pennsylvanias legislative branch, seated at the states capital, Harrisburg. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ... Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ... For the fictional character, see Mason Dixon (Rocky Balboa character). ... Official language(s) None (English, de facto) Capital Annapolis Largest city Baltimore Area  Ranked 42nd  - Total 12,407 sq mi (32,133 km²)  - Width 101 miles (145 km)  - Length 249 miles (400 km)  - % water 21  - Latitude 37° 53′ N to 39° 43′ N  - Longitude 75° 03′ W to 79° 29... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ...

This political issue brought Dickinson into a bitter conflict with Benjamin Franklin and his protégé, Joseph Galloway. A lengthy exchange of published pamphlets containing highly personal attacks eventually brought Dickinson and Galloway to blows on the floor of the General Assembly. The 1764 elections ousted Franklin and Galloway from the Assembly, but Franklin recovered with an appointment as Pennsylvania’s agent to Great Britain and Dickinson gained no respect from the brawling affair. He did not stand for election in 1765. Benjamin Franklin (January 17 [O.S. January 6] 1706 – April 17, 1790) was one of the most well known Founding Fathers of the United States. ... Joseph Galloway (1731–August 29, 1803) was an American Continental Congress Delegate from Pennsylvania; born at West River, Maryland; moved with his father to Pennsylvania in 1740; received a liberal schooling; studied law; was admitted to the bar and began practice in Philadelphia; member of the Pennsylvania House of... Capitol Building The Pennsylvania General Assembly is the U.S. state of Pennsylvanias legislative branch, seated at the states capital, Harrisburg. ...

Personal affairs

In 1770 Dickinson married Mary Norris, also known as Polly, the daughter of another wealthy Philadelphia Quaker, and Speaker of the Pennsylvania General Assembly, Isaac Norris. They had two daughters, Sally and Maria. Having learned skepticism of organized religion from his father, Dickinson never formally joined the Quaker Meeting. However, now married to another devout Quaker, he was always strongly influenced by the beliefs of the Society of Friends. Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area    - City 369. ... “Quaker” redirects here. ... It has been suggested that Speakers of the House be merged into this article or section. ... Capitol Building The Pennsylvania General Assembly is the U.S. state of Pennsylvanias legislative branch, seated at the states capital, Harrisburg. ... Isaac Norris (3 October, 1701 – 13 June, 1766) was a merchant and statesman in provincial Pennsylvania. ...

Already among the wealthiest of men, and this marriage only increased that. In Philadelphia, he preferred to live at the family estate of his wife, called Fairhill, near Germantown. Meanwhile he built an elegant mansion on Chestnut Street but never lived there as it was confiscated and turned into a hospital during his 1776-77 absence in Delaware. It then became the residence of the French ambassador, and still later the home of his brother, Philemon Dickinson. Fairhill was burned by the British during the Battle of Germantown. While in Philadelphia as State President, he lived at the confiscated mansion of Joseph Galloway at Sixth and Market Streets, now established as the State Presidential mansion. Germantown was originally the Borough of Germantown, a town in Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, and is today a neighborhood in the Northwest Philadelphia section of the city of Philadelphia, about six miles northwest from the center of the city. ... Philemon Dickinson (April 5, 1739–February 4, 1809) was an American politician. ... , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Germantown]] || result = inconclusive || combatant1 = Continental Army || combatant2 = Great Britain|Hessian Forces || commander1 = George Washington || commander2 = William Howe || strength1 = 13,000 || strength2 = 8,000 || casualties1 = 152 killed, 521 wounded, 400 captured || casualties2 = 71 killed, 450 wounded, 14 missing |}} |- | |} The Battle of Germantown was a battle in the American Revolutionary... List of Pennsylvania Governors The office of Pennsylvania governor was created by the states Constitution of 1790. ... Joseph Galloway (1731–August 29, 1803) was an American Continental Congress Delegate from Pennsylvania; born at West River, Maryland; moved with his father to Pennsylvania in 1740; received a liberal schooling; studied law; was admitted to the bar and began practice in Philadelphia; member of the Pennsylvania House of...

As an adult Dickinson lived at his family home, Poplar Hall, on the Jones Neck, in Kent County, for extended periods only in 1776-77 and 1781-82. In August 1781 it was sacked by Loyalists, and after being restored, was badly burned in 1804. This home is now owned by the State of Delaware, is undergoing restoration and is open to the public. After his service as President of Pennsylvania, he returned to live in Wilmington, Delaware in 1785 and built a mansion at the northwest corner of 8th and Market Streets. Kent County is a county located in the central part of the state of Delaware. ... For the township in Canada, see Loyalist, Ontario In general, a loyalist is an individual who is loyal to the powers that be. ... List of Pennsylvania Governors The office of Pennsylvania governor was created by the states Constitution of 1790. ... : Chemical Capital of the World , Corporate Capital of the World , Credit Card Capital of the World : A Place to Be Somebody United States Delaware New Castle 17. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ...

Revolutionary politics

When delegates were picked to go to the Stamp Act Congress of 1765 in New York, New York, the General Assembly chose John Dickinson along with John Morton and George Bryan. There they approved a 14-point Declaration of Rights and Grievances, formulated largely by Dickinson. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (451x677, 48 KB) Summary John Dickinson (1732-1808) of Delaware Scharf, Thomas J. (1888). ... The Stamp Act of 1765 (short title Duties in American Colonies Act 1765; 5 George III, c. ... Midtown Manhattan, looking north from the Empire State Building, 2005 New York City (officially named the City of New York) is the most populous city in the state of New York and the entire United States. ... This article is about the state. ... Capitol Building The Pennsylvania General Assembly is the U.S. state of Pennsylvanias legislative branch, seated at the states capital, Harrisburg. ... This article is about the 15th century English Bishop, for other uses see John Morton (disambiguation). ...

During this time Dickinson had taken the leadership of a new faction in Pennsylvania politics known as the Half and Half Whigs, because half came from the Proprietary Party and half from the Quaker Party. They were the first opponents in Pennsylvania of the new British taxation policies. Compared to their colleagues in other colonies they were moderates, satisfied to make requests to Parliament. It took the passage of the Townshend Acts in 1767 to move Dickinson to write his series of Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania. These were published first in the Pennsylvania Chronicle and became a central set of positions for American colonists resisting the new British policies of colonial taxation. In them Dickinson wrote that once Parliament established the right to levy these taxes "the several colonial legislatures would...before long fall into disuse" and "nothing would be left for them to do, higher than to frame by-laws for the impounding of cattle and the yoking of hogs." The fame of these letters would earn Dickinson the title of the "Penman of the Revolution." Of course, the farm to which reference is made was in Kent County, Delaware. The Townshend Acts (1767) passed by Parliament on June 29 1767, refer to two Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain passed in 1767, which were proposed by Charles Townshend. ... The essays called Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania were written by the A group of delegates convening in Philadelphia in the summer of 1856. ...

Continental Congress

As events unfolded Dickinson was one of Pennsylvania's delegates to the First Continental Congress in 1774 and the Second Continental Congress in 1775 and 1776. In support of the cause, he continued to contribute declarations in the name of the Congress. Among the most famous is one written with Thomas Jefferson, a Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms, with Dickinson’s famous conclusion that Americans were resolved to die free men rather than live slaves. Another was the Olive Branch Petition, a last ditch appeal to King George III to resolve the dispute. But through it all, agreeing with New Castle County's George Read and many others in Philadelphia and the Lower Counties, Dickinson's object was reconciliation, not independence and revolution. He was a proud devotee of the British Constitution, and felt the dispute was with Parliament only. He was also a product of his Quaker heritage, which insisted that disputes be settled without violence. The Continental Congress was the first national government of the United States. ... This document was prepared by the Second Continental Congress to explain to the world why the British colonies had taken up arms against Great Britain. ... The Olive Branch Petition The Olive Branch Petition, written in the early days of the American Revolutionary War, was a letter to King George III from members of the Second Continental Congress who—for the final time—appealed to their king to readdress colonial grievances in order to avoid more... “George III” redirects here. ... New Castle County is the northern-most county of the three counties in the state of Delaware. ... George Read (September 18, 1733 – September 21, 1798) was an American lawyer and politician from New Castle, in New Castle County, Delaware. ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area    - City 369. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ...

Once the rest of the Continental Congress moved toward the Declaration of Independence, he hesitated with a handful of others, avoiding the debates, standing in the back of the hall, and abstaining from voting, reasoning "that the states had no settled governments of their own, had received no foreign aid, and had not yet set up a working confederation." Dickinson understood the implications of his refusal to vote, stating, "My conduct this day, I expect will give the finishing blow to my once too great and, my integrity considered, now too diminished popularity." The Continental Congress was the first national government of the United States. ... U.S. Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence is the document in which the Thirteen Colonies declared themselves independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain and explained their justifications for doing so. ...

Following the Declaration of Independence, Dickinson was given the rank of Brigadier General in the Pennsylvania militia, known as the Associators. He led some 10,000 soldiers to Elizabeth, New Jersey to protect that area against British attack from Staten Island. But the attack for him came from another direction. Due to his unpopular position on independence, he was removed as a delegate to the Continental Congress and two officers were promoted over him in the Pennsylvania Associators. He resigned his commission in December 1776 and went to stay at Poplar Hall in Kent County. While there he learned that his home on Chestnut Street in Philadelphia had been confiscated and converted into a hospital. Despite these setbacks, Dickinson insisted on always espousing his true feelings, no matter the consequence. U.S. Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence is the document in which the Thirteen Colonies declared themselves independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain and explained their justifications for doing so. ... A Brigadier General, or one-star general, is the lowest rank of general officer in the United States and some other countries, ranking just above Colonel and just below Major General. ... Union County Court House Elizabeth is a city in Union County, New Jersey, in the United States. ... “NJ” redirects here. ...

Congressman and President of Delaware

For over two years Dickinson stayed at Poplar Hill in a long depression. The Delaware General Assembly tried to appoint him as their delegate to the Continental Congress in 1777, but he refused. In August 1777 he served as a private with the Kent County Militia at Middletown, Delaware under General Caesar Rodney to help delay General William Howe's march to Philadelphia. In October 1777, Dickinson's friend Thomas McKean appointed him Brigadier General of the Delaware Militia, but again Dickinson declined the appointment. Shortly afterwards he learned that the British had burned down his Fairhill property during the Battle of Germantown. Image File history File links JohnDickinson4. ... The Delaware General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Delaware. ... Middletown is a town in New Castle County, Delaware, United States. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ... Caesar Rodney (October 7, 1728 – June 26, 1784), was an American lawyer and politician from St. ... For the surrealist painter, see William Howe (painter). ... Thomas McKean Thomas McKean (March 19, 1734–June 24, 1817) was the second President of the United States in Congress assembled, from July 10, 1781, until November 4, 1781. ... , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Germantown]] || result = inconclusive || combatant1 = Continental Army || combatant2 = Great Britain|Hessian Forces || commander1 = George Washington || commander2 = William Howe || strength1 = 13,000 || strength2 = 8,000 || casualties1 = 152 killed, 521 wounded, 400 captured || casualties2 = 71 killed, 450 wounded, 14 missing |}} |- | |} The Battle of Germantown was a battle in the American Revolutionary...

These years were not without accomplishment, however. In 1777, Dickinson, Delaware's wealthiest farmer and largest slaveholder, decided to free his slaves. While Kent County was not a large slave-holding area, like further south in Virginia, and even though Dickinson had only 37 slaves, this was an action of some considerable courage. Undoubtedly the strongly abolitionist Quaker influences around them had their effect, and the action was all the easier because his farm had moved away from tobacco to the less labor intensive crops like wheat and barley. Furthermore manumission was a multi-year process and many of the workers remained obligated to service for a considerable additional time. This article is about the U.S. state. ... Manumission is the act of freeing a slave, done at the will of the owner. ...

Finally, on January 18, 1779, Dickinson was appointed to be a delegate for Delaware to the Continental Congress. During this term he signed the Articles of Confederation, having in 1776 authored their first draft while serving in the Continental Congress as a delegate from Pennsylvania. In August 1781, while still a delegate in Philadelphia he learned that Poplar Hall had been severely damaged by a Loyalist raid. Dickinson returned to the property to investigate the damage and once again stayed for several months. is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1779 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The Continental Congress was the first national government of the United States. ... The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, commonly known as the Articles of Confederation, was the first governing document, or constitution, of the United States of America. ... For other uses, see Loyalist (disambiguation). ...

While there, in October 1781, Dickinson was elected to represent Kent County in the State Senate, and shortly afterwards the Delaware General Assembly elected him the President of Delaware. The General Assembly's vote was nearly unanimous, the only dissenting vote having been cast by Dickinson himself. Dickinson took office on November 13, 1781 and served until November 7, 1782. Beginning his term with a "Proclamation against Vice and Immorality," he sought ways to bring an end to the disorder of the days of the Revolution. It was a popular position and enhanced his reputation both in Delaware and Pennsylvania. Dickinson then successfully challenged the Delaware General Assembly to address lagging militia enlistments and to properly fund the state’s assessment to the Confederation government. And recognizing the delicate negotiations then underway to end the American Revolution, Dickinson secured the Assembly's continued endorsement of the French alliance, with no agreement on a separate peace treaty with Great Britain. He also introduced the first census. The Delaware Senate is the upper house of the Delaware General Assembly, the legislature of the U.S. State of Delaware. ... The Delaware General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Delaware. ... List of Delaware Governors Governors of New Sweden, 1639-1655 Peter Minuit 1639-1640 Peter Hollandaer Ridder 1640-1643 Johan Björnsson Printz 1643-1653 Johan Papegoya 1653-1654 Johan Classon Rising 1654-1655 Part of New Netherland, 1655-1664 Part of New York, 1664-1682 Part of Pennsylvania, 1682... is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1781 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... is the 311th day of the year (312th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1782 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... John Trumbulls Declaration of Independence, showing the five-man committee in charge of drafting the Declaration in 1776 as it presents its work to the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia The American Revolution refers to the period during the last half of the 18th century in which the Thirteen...

However, as before, the lure of Pennsylvania politics was too great. On October 10, 1782, Dickinson was elected to the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania. On November 7, 1782 a joint ballot by the Council and the Pennsylvania General Assembly elected him as president of the Council and thereby President of Pennsylvania. But he did not actually resign as State President of Delaware. Even though Pennsylvania and Delaware had shared the same governor until very recently, attitudes had changed, and many in Delaware were upset at seemingly being cast aside so readily, particularly after the Philadelphia newspapers began criticizing the state for allowing the practice of multiple and non resident office holding. Dickinson’s constitutional successor, John Cook, was considered too weak in his support of the Revolution, and it was not until January 12, 1783, when Cook called for a new election to chose a replacement, that Dickinson formally resigned. is the 283rd day of the year (284th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1782 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Supreme Executive Council of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania represented the executive branch of the Pennsylvania State government between 1777 and 1790. ... is the 311th day of the year (312th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1782 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Supreme Executive Council of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania represented the executive branch of the Pennsylvania State government between 1777 and 1790. ... List of Delaware Governors Governors of New Sweden, 1639-1655 Peter Minuit 1639-1640 Peter Hollandaer Ridder 1640-1643 Johan Björnsson Printz 1643-1653 Johan Papegoya 1653-1654 Johan Classon Rising 1654-1655 Part of New Netherland, 1655-1664 Part of New York, 1664-1682 Part of Pennsylvania, 1682... John Cook (1730 – October 27, 1789) was an American farmer and politician from Smyrna, in Kent County, Delaware. ... John Trumbulls Declaration of Independence, showing the five-man committee in charge of drafting the Declaration in 1776 as it presents its work to the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia The American Revolution refers to the period during the last half of the 18th century in which the Thirteen... is the 12th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

The Delaware General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Delaware. ... The Delaware General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Delaware. ... Thomas Collins (1732 – March 29, 1789) was an American lawyer and politician from Smyrna, in Kent County, Delaware. ... The Delaware General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Delaware. ... John Cook (1730 – October 27, 1789) was an American farmer and politician from Smyrna, in Kent County, Delaware. ... Nicholas Van Dyke, Sr. ...

President of Pennsylvania

When the American Revolution began, Dickinson fairly represented the center of Pennsylvania politics. The old Proprietary and Popular parties divided equally in thirds over the issue of independence, as Loyalists, Moderate Whigs who later became Federalists, and Radicals or Constitutionalists. The old Pennsylvania General Assembly was dominated by the Loyalists and Moderates and, like Dickinson, did little to support the burgeoning Revolution or independence, except protest. The Radicals took matters into their own hands, using irregular means to write the Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776, which by law excluded from the franchise anyone who would not swear loyalty to the document or the Christian Holy Trinity. In this way all Loyalists, Moderate Whigs, and Quakers were kept out of government. This peremptory action seemed appropriate to many during the crises of 1777 and 1778, but less so in the later years of the Revolution, and the Moderate Whigs gradually became the majority. John Trumbulls Declaration of Independence, showing the five-man committee in charge of drafting the Declaration in 1776 as it presents its work to the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia The American Revolution refers to the period during the last half of the 18th century in which the Thirteen... For the township in Canada, see Loyalist, Ontario In general, a loyalist is an individual who is loyal to the powers that be. ... The Federalist Party (or Federal Party) was an American political party in the period 1793 to 1816, with remnants lasting into the 1820s. ...

Dickinson's election to the Supreme Executive Council was the beginning of a counterrevolution against the Constitutionalists. He was elected President of Pennsylvania, on November 7, 1782, garnering 41 votes to James Potter's 32. As president he presided over the intentionally weak executive authority of the state, and was its chief officer, but always required the agreement of a majority to act. He was re-elected twice and served the constitutional maximum of three years; his election on November 6, 1783 was unanimous, and on November 6, 1784 he defeated John Neville, who also lost the election for Vice-President the same day. Working with only the smallest of majorities in the General Assembly in his first two years and with the Constitutionalists in the majority in his last year, all issues were contentious. At first he endured withering attacks from his opponents for his alleged failure to fully support the new government in large and small ways. He responded ably and survived the attacks. He managed to settle quickly the old boundary dispute with Virginia in southwestern Pennsylvania, but was never able to satisfactorily disentangle disputed titles in the Wyoming Valley resulting from prior claims of Connecticut to those lands. An exhausted Dickinson left office October 18, 1785. On that day a special election was held in which Benjamin Franklin was unanimously elected to serve the ten days left in Dickinson's term. The Supreme Executive Council of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania represented the executive branch of the Pennsylvania State government between 1777 and 1790. ... A counterrevolutionary is anyone who opposes a revolution, particularly those who act after a revolution to try to overturn or reverse it, in full or in part. ... The Supreme Executive Council of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania represented the executive branch of the Pennsylvania State government between 1777 and 1790. ... is the 311th day of the year (312th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1782 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Geraldine Somerville as Lily Potter, Adrian Rawlins as James Potter, and one of the Saunders triplets as one-year-old Harry Potter in Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone In the Harry Potter series, James and Lily Potter are the late parents of Harry Potter. ... is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1784 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Capitol Building The Pennsylvania General Assembly is the U.S. state of Pennsylvanias legislative branch, seated at the states capital, Harrisburg. ... A lesser-known Wyoming Valley exists in western New York in Wyoming County, where the valley of Oatka Creek is commonly known as the Wyoming Valley and includes the villages of Wyoming and Warsaw. ... Official language(s) English Capital Hartford Largest city Bridgeport[3] Largest metro area Hartford Metro Area[2] Area  Ranked 48th  - Total 5,543[4] sq mi (14,356 km²)  - Width 70 miles (113 km)  - Length 110 miles (177 km)  - % water 12. ... is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1785 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Benjamin Franklin (January 17 [O.S. January 6] 1706 – April 17, 1790) was one of the most well known Founding Fathers of the United States. ...

Perhaps the most significant decision of his term was the result of his patient, peaceful management of the "Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783." This was a violent protest of Pennsylvania veterans who marched on the Continental Congress demanding their pay before being discharged from the army. Somewhat sympathizing with their case, Dickinson refused Congress's request to bring full military action against them, causing Congress to vote to remove themselves to Trenton, New Jersey, never to return to Philadelphia. And when the new Congress agreed to return in 1790, it was to be for only 10 years, until a permanent capital was found elsewhere. Nickname: Location of Trenton inside of Mercer County Coordinates: , Country State County Mercer Incorporated November 13, 1792 Government  - Mayor Douglas H. Palmer Area  - City  8. ... “NJ” redirects here. ...

While serving this term he donated 500 acres (2 km²) to Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, an educational institution founded in 1783 by his friend Benjamin Rush. A mermaid sits atop Dickinson Colleges Old West. ... Coordinates: , Country State County Cumberland Founded 1751 Government  - Mayor Kirk R. Wilson Area  - Borough  5. ... Dr. Benjamin Rush, painted by Charles Wilson Peale, c. ...

Capitol Building The Pennsylvania General Assembly is the U.S. state of Pennsylvanias legislative branch, seated at the states capital, Harrisburg. ... Capitol Building The Pennsylvania General Assembly is the U.S. state of Pennsylvanias legislative branch, seated at the states capital, Harrisburg. ... Frederick Augustus Conrad Muhlenberg (January 1, 1750 – June 4, 1801), was an American minister and politician who was the first Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. ... Capitol Building The Pennsylvania General Assembly is the U.S. state of Pennsylvanias legislative branch, seated at the states capital, Harrisburg. ... Capitol Building The Pennsylvania General Assembly is the U.S. state of Pennsylvanias legislative branch, seated at the states capital, Harrisburg. ... John Bubenheim Bayard (1738-1808) was a merchant, soldier, and statesman from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ...

United States Constitution

The Signing of the Constitution of the United States.

After his service in Pennsylvania, Dickinson returned to Delaware, and lived in Wilmington. He was quickly appointed to represent Delaware at the Annapolis Convention, where he served as its President. In 1787, Delaware sent him as one of its delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1787, along with Gunning Bedford, Jr., Richard Bassett, George Read, and Jacob Broom, There, he supported the effort to create a strong central government, but only after the Great Compromise assured that each state, regardless of size, would have an equal vote in the future United States Senate. Following the Convention he promoted the resulting Constitution in a series of nine essays, written under the pen name Fabius. Image File history File links Scene_at_the_Signing_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States. ... Image File history File links Scene_at_the_Signing_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ... : Chemical Capital of the World , Corporate Capital of the World , Credit Card Capital of the World : A Place to Be Somebody United States Delaware New Castle 17. ... The Annapolis Convention was a meeting at Annapolis, Maryland of 12 delegates from five states (New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Virginia) that called for a constitutional convention. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Gunning Bedford, Jr. ... Richard Bassett (April 2, 1745 – August 15, 1815) was an American lawyer and politician from Dover, in Kent County, Delaware. ... George Read (September 18, 1733 – September 21, 1798) was an American lawyer and politician from New Castle, in New Castle County, Delaware. ... Jacob Broom (October 17, 1752–April 25, 1810) was an American businessman and politician from Wilmington, in New Castle County, Delaware. ... The Connecticut Compromise of 1787 in the United States, later known as the Great Compromise, was struck in the creation of legislative bodies. ... Type Upper House President of the Senate Richard B. Cheney, R since January 20, 2001 President pro tempore Robert C. Byrd, D since January 4, 2007 Members 100 Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party Last elections November 7, 2006 Meeting place Senate Chamber United States Capitol Washington, DC United States... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

In 1791, Delaware convened a convention to revise its existing Constitution, which had been hastily drafted in 1776. Dickinson was elected president of this convention, and although he resigned the chair after most of the work was complete, he remained highly influential in the content of the final document. Major changes included the establishment of a separate Chancery Court and the expansion of the franchise to include all taxpayers, except blacks and women. Dickinson remained neutral in an attempt to include a prohibition of slavery in the document, believing the General Assembly was the proper place to decide that issue. The new Constitution was approved June 12, 1792. The Chancery Court of York is an ecclesiastical court for the Province of York of the Church of England. ... Slave redirects here. ... The Delaware General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Delaware. ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

Once more Dickinson was returned to the State Senate for the 1793 session, but served for just one year before resigning due to his declining health. In his final years he worked to further the abolition movement, donated a considerable amount of his wealth to the "relief of the unhappy," and in 1801 published two volumes of his collected works on politics. The Delaware Senate is the upper house of the Delaware General Assembly, the legislature of the U.S. State of Delaware. ...

Death and legacy

Dickinson died February 14, 1808 at Wilmington, Delaware, where he is buried at the Friends Burial Ground. is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1808 (MDCCCVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... : Chemical Capital of the World , Corporate Capital of the World , Credit Card Capital of the World : A Place to Be Somebody United States Delaware New Castle 17. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ...

Dickinson shares with Thomas McKean the distinction of serving as Chief Executive of both Delaware and Pennsylvania after the Declaration of Independence. Dickinson College and Dickinson School of Law, separate institutions both located in Carlisle, Pennsylvania were named after Dickinson. Along with his Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania, Dickinson also authored "The Liberty Song". Thomas McKean Thomas McKean (March 19, 1734–June 24, 1817) was the second President of the United States in Congress assembled, from July 10, 1781, until November 4, 1781. ... U.S. Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence is the document in which the Thirteen Colonies declared themselves independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain and explained their justifications for doing so. ... A mermaid sits atop Dickinson Colleges Old West. ... The Dickinson School of Law is located in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and is the law school of The Pennsylvania State University. ... Coordinates: , Country State County Cumberland Founded 1751 Government  - Mayor Kirk R. Wilson Area  - Borough  5. ... Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ... The essays called Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania were written by the A group of delegates convening in Philadelphia in the summer of 1856. ... The Liberty Song is an American Revolutionary War song composed by patriot John Dickinson, the author of Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania. ...

Dickinson is a prominent character in the musical drama 1776, billed fourth after the parts of Adams, Franklin, and Jefferson. He was originally portrayed on stage by Paul Hecht, and in the 1972 film adaptation by Donald Madden. 1776 is the title of a 1969 Broadway musical and its 1972 film adaptation. ... Paul Hecht (b. ...

Almanac

Delaware elections were held October 1, and members of the Delaware General Assembly took office on October 20 or the following weekday. Assemblymen had a one-year term. The Legislative Council was created in 1776, and Legislative Councilmen had a three-year term. The Delaware General Assembly chose the State President for a three-year term. This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ... The Delaware General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Delaware. ... The Delaware House of Representatives is the lower house of the Delaware General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. State of Delaware. ... The Delaware Senate is the upper house of the Delaware General Assembly, the legislature of the U.S. State of Delaware. ... The Delaware Senate is the upper house of the Delaware General Assembly, the legislature of the U.S. State of Delaware. ... List of Delaware Governors Governors of New Sweden, 1639-1655 Peter Minuit 1639-1640 Peter Hollandaer Ridder 1640-1643 Johan Björnsson Printz 1643-1653 Johan Papegoya 1653-1654 Johan Classon Rising 1654-1655 Part of New Netherland, 1655-1664 Part of New York, 1664-1682 Part of Pennsylvania, 1682...

Pennsylvania elections were held in October as well. Assemblymen had a one-year term. The Pennsylvania Supreme Executive Council was created in 1776, and counsellors were popularly elected for three-year terms. A joint ballot of the Pennsylvania General Assembly and the Council chose the President from among the twelve Counsellors for a one-year term. Both Assemblies chose the Continental Congressmen for a one-year term as well as the delegates to the U.S. Constitution Convention. Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ... The Pennsylvania House of Representatives is the lower house of the bicameral Pennsylvania General Assembly, the legislature of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. ... The Supreme Executive Council of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania represented the executive branch of the Pennsylvania State government between 1777 and 1790. ... Capitol Building The Pennsylvania General Assembly is the U.S. state of Pennsylvanias legislative branch, seated at the states capital, Harrisburg. ... The Delaware General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Delaware. ... The Continental Congress was the first national government of the United States. ... Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States, by Howard Chandler Christy. ...

The Delaware House of Representatives is the lower house of the Delaware General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. State of Delaware. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ... A legislatureis a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to ratify laws. ... Old New Castle Courthouse. ... is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1759 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1760 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Delaware House of Representatives is the lower house of the Delaware General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. State of Delaware. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ... A legislatureis a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to ratify laws. ... Old New Castle Courthouse. ... is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1760 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1761 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The Pennsylvania House of Representatives is the lower house of the bicameral Pennsylvania General Assembly, the legislature of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. ... Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ... A legislatureis a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to ratify laws. ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area    - City 369. ... The Pennsylvania House of Representatives is the lower house of the bicameral Pennsylvania General Assembly, the legislature of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. ... Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ... A legislatureis a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to ratify laws. ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area    - City 369. ... For delegates in the . ... Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ... A legislatureis a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to ratify laws. ... Midtown Manhattan, looking north from the Empire State Building, 2005 New York City (officially named the City of New York) is the most populous city in the state of New York and the entire United States. ... is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1765 (MDCCLXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1765 (MDCCLXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... The Stamp Act Congress was a meeting in New York City in October 1765 of delegates from the American Colonies that discussed and acted upon the recently passed Stamp Act. ... For delegates in the . ... Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ... A legislatureis a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to ratify laws. ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area    - City 369. ... is the 214th day of the year (215th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Chesma Column in Tsarskoe Selo, commemorating the end of the Russo-Turkish War. ... is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Chesma Column in Tsarskoe Selo, commemorating the end of the Russo-Turkish War. ... The Continental Congress was the first national government of the United States. ... For delegates in the . ... Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ... A legislatureis a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to ratify laws. ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area    - City 369. ... March 16 is the 75th day of the year (76th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1775 (MDCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1775 (MDCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... The Continental Congress was the first national government of the United States. ... For delegates in the . ... Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ... A legislatureis a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to ratify laws. ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area    - City 369. ... is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1775 (MDCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 311th day of the year (312th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1776 (MDCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... The Continental Congress was the first national government of the United States. ... For delegates in the . ... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ... A legislatureis a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to ratify laws. ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area    - City 369. ... is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1779 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1779 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The Continental Congress was the first national government of the United States. ... For delegates in the . ... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ... A legislatureis a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to ratify laws. ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area    - City 369. ... is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1779 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1781 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The Continental Congress was the first national government of the United States. ... The Delaware Senate is the upper house of the Delaware General Assembly, the legislature of the U.S. State of Delaware. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ... A legislatureis a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to ratify laws. ... : The State Capital since 1777 United States Delaware Kent 22. ... is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1781 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1781 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... List of Delaware Governors Governors of New Sweden, 1639-1655 Peter Minuit 1639-1640 Peter Hollandaer Ridder 1640-1643 Johan Björnsson Printz 1643-1653 Johan Papegoya 1653-1654 Johan Classon Rising 1654-1655 Part of New Netherland, 1655-1664 Part of New York, 1664-1682 Part of Pennsylvania, 1682... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ... : The State Capital since 1777 United States Delaware Kent 22. ... is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1781 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... is the 311th day of the year (312th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1782 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Supreme Executive Council of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania represented the executive branch of the Pennsylvania State government between 1777 and 1790. ... List of Pennsylvania Governors The office of Pennsylvania governor was created by the states Constitution of 1790. ... Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area    - City 369. ... List of Pennsylvania Governors The office of Pennsylvania governor was created by the states Constitution of 1790. ... is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1782 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1785 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... For delegates in the . ... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ... A constitutional convention is a gathering of delegates for the purpose of writing a new constitution or revising an existing constitution. ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area    - City 369. ... May 14 is the 134th day of the year (135th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... is the 260th day of the year (261st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States, by Howard Chandler Christy. ... For delegates in the . ... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ... A constitutional convention is a gathering of delegates for the purpose of writing a new constitution or revising an existing constitution. ... : The State Capital since 1777 United States Delaware Kent 22. ... is the 333rd day of the year (334th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1791 (MDCCXCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... A constitutional convention is a gathering of delegates for the purpose of writing a new constitution or revising an existing constitution. ... The Delaware Senate is the upper house of the Delaware General Assembly, the legislature of the U.S. State of Delaware. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ... A legislatureis a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to ratify laws. ... : The State Capital since 1777 United States Delaware Kent 22. ... is the 6th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1793 (MDCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 6th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Delaware General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Delaware. ... The Delaware General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Delaware. ... The Delaware House of Representatives is the lower house of the Delaware General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. State of Delaware. ... Caesar Rodney (October 7, 1728 – June 26, 1784), was an American lawyer and politician from St. ... The Delaware General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Delaware. ... The Delaware Senate is the upper house of the Delaware General Assembly, the legislature of the U.S. State of Delaware. ... The Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison as the Republican party (not related to the present-day Republican Party) in 1792, was the dominant political party in the United States from 1800 until the 1820s, when it split into competing factions, one of which became the... Joshua Clayton (July 20, 1744–August 11, 1798) was an American physician and politician from Mt. ...

Notes

References

• Racino, John W. (1980). Biographical Directory of American and Revolutionary Governors 1607-1789. Westport, CT: Meckler Books. ISBN 0-930466-00-4. 
• Rodney, Richard S. (1975). Collected Essays on Early Delaware. Wilmington, Delaware: Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Delaware. 
• Ward, Christopher L. (1941). Delaware Continentals, 1776-1783. Wilmington, DE: Historical Society of Delaware. ISBN 0-924117-21-4. 
• Hoffecker, Carol E. (2004). Democracy in Delaware. Wilmington, Delaware: Cedar Tree Books. ISBN 1-892142-23-6. 
• Munroe, John A. (1954). Federalist Delaware 1775-1815. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University. 
• Scott, Jane Harrington (2000). Gentleman as Well as a Whig. Newark, DE: University of Delaware Press. ISBN 0-87413-700-4. 
• Munroe, John A. (1993). History of Delaware. Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware Press. ISBN 0-87413-493-5. 
• Scharf, John Thomas (1888). History of Delaware 1609-1888. 2 vols.. Philadelphia: L. J. Richards & Co.. 
• Martin, Roger A. (1984). History of Delaware Through its Governors. Wilmington, Delaware: McClafferty Press. 
• Conrad, Henry C. (1908). History of the State of Delaware. Lancaster, Pennsylvania: Wickersham Company. 
• Flower, Milton E. (1983). John Dickinson- Conservative Revolutionary. Charlottesville, Virginia: University Press of Virginia. 
• Martin, Roger A. (1995). Memoirs of the Senate. Newark, Delaware: Roger A. Martin. 
• Munroe, John A. (2004). Philadelawareans. Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware Press. ISBN 0-87413-872-8. 
• Coleman, John M. (1984). Thomas McKean, Forgotten Leader of the Revolution. Rockaway, NJ: American Faculty Press. ISBN 0-912834-07-2. 
• Rowe, G.S. (1984). Thomas McKean, The Shaping of an American Republicanism. Boulder, Colorado: Colorado University Press. ISBN 0-87081-100-2. 
• Calvert, Jane E. (July 2007). "Liberty Without Tumult: Understanding the Politics of John Dickinson". The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography CXXXI (3): 233-262. Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania. 

Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ...

External links

• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
• Delaware's Governors
• Find a Grave entry
• From Revolution to Reconstruction
• History of Delaware 1609-1888
• The Political Graveyard
• Soldier-Statesmen of the Constitution
• Biography and portrait at Virtualology.com
• Wilmington Quaker Meeting House (burial site)

Images

• Hall of Governors Portrait Gallery, Portrait courtesy of Historical and Cultural Affairs, Dover.
• Images of American Political History

Places with more information

• Historical Society of Delaware, 505 Market St., Wilmington, Delaware (302) 655-7161
• Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1300 Locust St. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (215) 732-6200
• John Dickinson Plantation, 340 Kitts Hummock Road, Dover, DE (302) 739-3277
• University of Delaware Library, 181 South College Ave., Newark, Delaware (302) 831-2965