This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. (December 2006)

John Humphrey Noyes (September 3, 1811 – April 13, 1886) was an American utopian socialist. He founded the Oneida Community in 1848. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the US Federal Agent designation, see Special agent. ... is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Utopian socialism is a term used to define the first currents of modern Socialist thought. ... The Oneida Community was a utopian commune founded by John Humphrey Noyes in 1848 in Oneida, New York. ... Year 1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Life

Early activism

Noyes was born in Brattleboro, Vermont and studied at Dartmouth College, Andover Theological Seminary, and Yale Theological College. At Yale, he became interested in the idea of Perfectionism — that it was possible to be free of sin in this lifetime. On February 20, 1834, he declared himself Perfect and free from sin. This declaration caused an outrage at his college, and his newly-earned license to preach was revoked. Downtown Brattleboro, as seen looking across the Connecticut River from New Hampshire Brattleboro is a town in Windham County, Vermont, United States. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Dartmouth College is a private, coeducational university located in Hanover, New Hampshire, USA. Incorporated as Trustees of Dartmouth College,[6][7] it is a member of the Ivy League and one of the nine colonial colleges founded before the American Revolution. ... Andover Theological Seminary, now part of Andover Newton Theological School, is the oldest graduate school of theology in the United States. ... Yale Divinity School is a professional school at Yale University, in New Haven, Connecticut, U.S. preparing students for ordained or lay ministry. ... The Oneida Community in New York state was founded in 1848 by John Humphrey Noyes. ... For other uses, see Sin (disambiguation). ... is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1834 (MDCCCXXXIV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

He returned to Vermont, where he continued to preach, declaring "I took away their license to sin and they go on sinning; they have taken away my license to preach but I shall go on preaching". At this time, his Putney community began to take shape. It started in 1836 as the Putney Bible School and became a formal communal organization in 1844, practicing complex marriage, male continence and striving for Perfection. This article is about the U.S. state. ... Year 1836 (MDCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Jan. ...

Oneida

In 1847, Noyes (who had legally married Harriet Holton in 1838) was arrested for adultery. Upon receiving word that arrest warrants had been written for several of his loyal followers, the group left Vermont for Oneida, New York, where Noyes knew some friendly Perfectionists with land. They made the decision to settle there and built their first communal dwelling in 1848. 1847 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... | Jöns Jakob Berzelius, discoverer of protein 1838 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... This article is about the act of adultery. ... Oneida is a city located in Madison County, New York. ... This article is about the state. ...

The Oneida Community, as it came to be known, survived until 1879. It grew to have a membership of over 300, with branch communities in Brooklyn; Wallingford, Connecticut; Newark, New Jersey; Cambridge, Vermont; and Putney, Vermont. The Community had many successful industries. They manufactured animal traps and silk thread, and raised and canned fruits and vegetables. Smaller industries included the manufacture of leather travel bags and palm-leaf hats. Year 1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about the borough of New York City. ... Wallingford is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. ... Official language(s) English Capital Hartford Largest city Bridgeport[3] Largest metro area Hartford Metro Area[2] Area  Ranked 48th  - Total 5,543[4] sq mi (14,356 km²)  - Width 70 miles (113 km)  - Length 110 miles (177 km)  - % water 12. ... Nickname: Map of Newark in Essex County Coordinates: , Country State County Essex Founded/Incorporated 1666/1836 Government  - Mayor Cory Booker, term of office 2006–2010 Area [1]  - Total 26. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Cambridge, Vermont Cambridge is a town located in Lamoille County, Vermont. ... The human activity of trapping consists of hunting for animals to obtain their furs, which are then used for clothes and other artifacts, or sold / bartered (see fur trade). ...

Exile

In June 1879, one of Noyes' most loyal followers alerted him that he was about to be arrested for statutory rape. In the middle of the night, he fled Oneida for Ontario, Canada, where the Community had a factory. In August, he wrote back to the Community, stating that it was time to abandon the practice of complex marriage and live in a more traditional manner. The Community formally dissolved and converted to a joint stock company on January 1, 1881. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Official languages English (de facto) Government - Lieutenant-Governor David C. Onley - Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 106 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area... Polygamy has been a feature of human culture since earliest history. ... A joint stock company (JSC) is a type of business partnership in which the capital is formed by the individual contributions of a group of shareholders. ... Year 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Noyes never returned to America. He remained a powerful influence over many of his followers. Some even left Oneida to come to the Niagara Falls area. One young woman, entertaining two marriage proposals from two different young men, wrote to Noyes for his advice. When Noyes advised her to reject both proposals and take up with Myron Kinsley — the follower who had tipped him off to his impending arrest, and a man twenty years her senior — she took Noyes' advice. For other uses, see Niagara Falls (disambiguation). ...

John Humphrey Noyes died in Niagara Falls, Ontario, in 1886. His body was returned to Oneida and is buried in the Oneida Community Cemetery with many of his followers. Skyline of Niagara Falls, Canada, as seen from Niagara Falls State Park across the river. ...

Legacy

In the early decades of the 20th century, Noyes' son Pierrepont consolidated the Community's industries and focused solely on silverware production. The company became known as Oneida, Limited and was the largest producer of flatware in the world for much of the 20th century. The Community's second communal dwelling, the 93,000 square foot brick "mansion house", survives today as a multi-use facility encompassing a museum, apartments, dormitory housing, guest rooms, and meeting and banquet facilities. Starch-polyester disposable cutlery Cutlery refers to any hand utensil used in preparing, serving, and especially eating food. ... Used cutlery: a plate, a fork and knife, and a drinking glass. ...

Works

• The Berean (1847)
• Bible Communism (1848)
• History of American Socialisms (1870)

See also

• Free love

The term free love has been used since at least the nineteenth century to describe a social movement that rejects marriage, which is seen as a form of social bondage, especially for women. ...

References

This article or section includes a list of references or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. You can improve this article by introducing more precise citations.

• Kennedy, David M., et al. (2002). The American Pageant. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.
• Klaw, Spencer (1993). Without Sin: The Life and Death of the Oneida Community. New York: Allen Lane, Penguin Press.
• Noyes, Pierrepont B. (1937). My Father's House: An Oneida Boyhood. New York and Toronto: Farrar and Rinehart, Inc.

Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...

External links

• John Humphrey Noyes biography, compiled and edited by George Wallingford Noyes - full text online at Syracuse University Library
• John Humphrey Noyes: The Oneida Community
• Oneida Community Mansion House
• Charles Nordhoff's description of Oneida from The Communitic Societies of the United States (1875)