Jan III Sobieski
John III Sobieski in Roman costume. Detail of a 1686 painting by Jerzy Siemiginowski-Eleuter.
Born	August 17, 1629
in	Olesko, Poland
Died	June 17, 1696
in	Wilanów, near Warsaw
Reign	May 21, 1674 to June 17, 1696
Coronation	February 2, 1676 in Wawel Cathedral, Kraków
Family or dynasty	Sobieski
Coat of Arms	Janina.
Parents	Jakub Sobieski Zofia Teofillia Daniłowicz
Marriage and children	with Marie Casimire Louise:  Jakub Ludwik Sobieski Teresa Teofila Sobieska Berbelune Sobieska La Mannone Sobieska Teresa Kunegunda Sobieska Aleksander Benedykt Sobieski Konstanty Władysław Sobieski

For other monarchs with similar names, please see John of Poland.

Jan III Sobieski (17 August 1629 - 17 June 1696; English: John III Sobieski ), one of the most notable monarchs of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, was the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1674 until his death. Sobieski's 22-year-reign was marked by a period of the Commonwealth's stabilisation, much needed after the turmoil of the Deluge and Chmielnicki's Uprising. Popular among his subjects, he was also a brilliant military commander, most famous for his victory over the Turks in the 1683 Battle of Vienna. For his victories over the Ottoman Empire, he was dubbed by the Turks the "Lion of Lehistan." Image File history File links Download high resolution version (594x800, 71 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Jan III Sobieski ... Winter (Zima, 1683). ... August 17 is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events March 4 - Massachusetts Bay Colony is granted a Royal charter. ... Coat of arms of Olesko, 1936. ... June 17 is the 168th day of the year (169th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The year 1696 had the earliest equinoxes and solstices for 400 years in the Gregorian calendar, because this year is a leap year and the Gregorian calendar would have behaved like the Julian calendar since March 1500 had it have been in use that long. ... Area 36,73 km² Population 14 032 (2003) Population density 355/km² Mayor Lech Skowron Notable landmarks Wilanów Palace, Poster Museum, palace park Wilanów Website Wilanów is a borough of the city of Warsaw, Poland. ... May 21 is the 141st day of the year (142nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events February 19 - England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster. ... June 17 is the 168th day of the year (169th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The year 1696 had the earliest equinoxes and solstices for 400 years in the Gregorian calendar, because this year is a leap year and the Gregorian calendar would have behaved like the Julian calendar since March 1500 had it have been in use that long. ... February 2 is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 29 - Feodor III becomes Tsar of Russia First measurement of the speed of light, by Ole Rømer Bacons Rebellion Russo-Turkish Wars commence. ... Wawel Cathedral Wawel Cathedral Wawel Cathedral – in full, the Cathedral Basilica of St Stanislaus and St Wenceslaus – is Polands national sanctuary. ... Wawel Hill, Old Town, Kraków. ... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... Sobieski (singular masculine, singular feminine Sobieska, plural: Sobiescy is a Polish noble family name: John III Sobieski was a Polish king Jakub Sobieski (1590-1646) was father of King Jan III Sobieski. ... The history of Polish heraldry is an integral part of the history of the Szlachta, the Polish nobility. ... Janina - is a Polish Coat of Arms. ... Noble Family Sobieski Coat of Arms Janina Parents Marek Sobieski Maria Snopkowska Consorts Marianna Wisniowiecka Zofia Teofillia Daniłowicz Children with Zofia Teofillia Daniłowicz Marek Sobieski Jan III Sobieski Katarzyna Sobieska Date of Birth May 5, 1590 Place of Birth Zółkiew Date of Death June... Coronation On February 2, 1676 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Parents Henrik de la Grange dArquien Francis de la Charte Consorts Jan Sobiepan Zamoyski Jan III Sobieski Children with Jan III Sobieski Jakub Ludwik Sobieski Teresa Teofila Sobieska Berbelune Sobieska La Mannone Sobieska Teresa Kunegunda Sobieska Aleksander... Nobel Family Sobieski Coat of Arms Janina Parents Jan III Sobieski Marie Casimire Louise Consorts Hedwig Elisabeth Amelia Children with Hedwig Elisabeth Amelia Maria Leopoldyna Sobieska Maria Kazimiera Sobieska Maria Karolina Sobieska Jan Sobieski Maria Klementyna Sobieska Maria Magdalena Sobieska Date of Birth November 2, 1667 Place of Birth Paris... Noble Family Sobieski Coat of Arms Janina Parents Jan III Sobieski Marie Casimire Louise Consorts Maximilian II Emanuel Children with Maximilian II Emanuel Maria Anna Charles VII Filip Maurycy Ferdynand Maria Klemens August Wilhelm Jan Adolf Alojzy Jan Teodor Maximilian Emanuel Date of Birth March 4, 1676 Place of Birth... Aleksander Benedykt Sobieski (6 September 1677 – 16 November 1714) was the son of Jan III Sobieski, King of Poland, and his wife, Marie Louise. ... Konstanty WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw Sobieski (1 May 1680 – 28 February 1726) was the son of Jan III Sobieski, King of Poland, and his wife, Marie Louise. ... The royal title John of Poland may refer to: John I of Poland (1459-1501) John II Casimir of Poland (1609-1672) Jan III Sobieski (1629-1696) See also John I John II John III Category: ... August 17 is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events March 4 - Massachusetts Bay Colony is granted a Royal charter. ... June 17 is the 168th day of the year (169th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The year 1696 had the earliest equinoxes and solstices for 400 years in the Gregorian calendar, because this year is a leap year and the Gregorian calendar would have behaved like the Julian calendar since March 1500 had it have been in use that long. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Poland was ruled by dukes (c. ... The presumable banner of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the coat of arms, called Пагоня in Belarusian, Vytis in Lithuanian and Pogoń in Polish Another version of the Lithuanian banner The Grand Duchy of Lithuania ( Lithuanian: Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštyst... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Khmelnytskyi Uprising (also Chmielnicki Uprising or Chmielnicki Rebellion) is the name of a civil war in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the years 1648–1654. ... // For siege of Vienna in 1529 see Siege of Vienna Combatants Holy League: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Austria, Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, Bavaria Ottoman Empire, Khanate of Crimea, Transylvania, Wallachia, Moldavia Commanders John III Sobieski, Charles V of Lorraine Kara Mustafa Pasha Strength 70,000, (10,000 during siege) 138,000, (200... Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–65) Edirne (1365–1453) Constantinople (Ä°stanbul, 1453–1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 Osman I  - 1918–22 Mehmed VI... Lechia is the historical name of Poland, still present in several European languages: Lenkija in Lithuanian, Lengyelorszag in Hungarian, Lehistan in Turkish. ...

Royal titles

• Official title was (in Latin): Joannes III, Dei Gratia rex Poloniae, magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russie, Prussiae, Masoviae, Samogitiae, Livoniae, Smolenscie, Kijoviae, Volhyniae, Podlachiae, Severiae, Czernichoviaeque, etc.

• English translation: John III, by the grace of God King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania, Ruthenia, Prussia, Masovia, Samogitia, Livonia, Smolensk, Kiev, Volhynia, Podlasie, Severia and Czernichow, etc.

Portrayal of Sobieski's royal crown in Gdańsk.

By the Grace of God, as well as the various equivalent phrases in other languages thus rendered in English, is not a title in its own right, but a common introductory part of the full styles of many Monarchs, preceding the actual princely styles in chief of the specific realm... The title of Grand Duke (Latin, Magnus Dux; German, Großherzog, Russian, Великий князь) used in Slavic, Baltic, and Germanic countries, is ranked in honour below King but higher than a sovereign Duke (Herzog) or Prince (Fürst). ... Ruthenia is a name applied to parts of Eastern Europe which were populated by Eastern Slavic peoples, as well as to various states that existed in this territory in the past. ... Coat of arms Duchy of Prussia (striped) in the second half of the 16th century Capital Königsberg Religion Protestant (Lutheran) Government Monarchy Duke of Prussia  - 1525 — 1568 Albert I  - 1568 — 1618 Albert Frederick History  - Secularisation April, 1525  - Personal Union (with Brandenburg) August 27, 1618  - Independence September 19, 1657 The... Historical division of Masovia Masovia (Polish: Mazowsze) is a geographical and historical region situated in central Poland with its capital at Warsaw. ... Etnographic regions of Lithuania. ... Baltic Tribes, ca 1200 CE This article is about the region in Europe. ... A view of Smolensk in 1912. ... Map of Ukraine with Kiev highlighted Coordinates: Country Ukraine Oblast Kiev City Municipality Raion Municipality Government  - Mayor Leonid Chernovetskyi Elevation 179 m (587. ... Volhynia (Ukrainian: , Polish: , Russian: ; also called Volynia) comprises the historic region in western Ukraine located between the rivers Prypiat and Western Bug -- to the north of Galicia and of Podolia. ... Podlasie (Latin Podlachia) is a historical region in eastern part of Poland and western Belarus. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Siverian Principality. ... Location Map of Ukraine with Chernihiv highlighted. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1029x1020, 2713 KB) Majestic Crown of Polish king John III Sobieski in GdaÅ„sk image taken by user:Mathiasrex Maciej SzczepaÅ„czyk File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1029x1020, 2713 KB) Majestic Crown of Polish king John III Sobieski in GdaÅ„sk image taken by user:Mathiasrex Maciej SzczepaÅ„czyk File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not... GdaÅ„sk ( ; IPA: ), also known by its German name Danzig ( ) and several other names, is the sixth-largest city in Poland and is Polands principal seaport and the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship. ...

Biography

Jan Sobieski was born 1629 in Olesko, a small town near Lwów (modern Lviv, Ukraine), to a notable noble family de Sobieszyn Sobieski of Clan Janina. His father, Jakub Sobieski, was the Palatine of Ruthenia and Castellan of Kraków; his mother, Zofia Teofilia née Daniłowicz was a granddaughter of Hetman Stanisław Żółkiewski. After graduating from the Nowodworski College in Kraków, young Jan Sobieski graduated from the philosophical faculty of the Jagiellonian University. After finishing his studies, together with his brother Marek Sobieski (1628-1652), Jan left for western Europe, where he spent more than two years travelling. During that time he learned French, German and Italian, in addition to Latin. This proved to be vital during his later military career. Coat of arms of Olesko, 1936. ... Motto: Semper fidelis Oblast Lviv Oblast Municipal government City council (Львівська міська рада) Mayor City chairman Lyubomyr Bunyak Area 171,01 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 808,900 ? 4786/km² Founded City rights 13th century 1353 Latitude Longitude 49°51′ N 24°01′ E Area code +0322 Car plates  ? Twin towns Corning, Freiburg... Motto: Semper fidelis Location Map of Ukraine with Lviv. ... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... Sobieski (singular masculine, singular feminine Sobieska, plural: Sobiescy is a Polish noble family name: John III Sobieski was a Polish king Jakub Sobieski (1590-1646) was father of King Jan III Sobieski. ... Janina - is a Polish Coat of Arms. ... Noble Family Sobieski Coat of Arms Janina Parents Marek Sobieski Maria Snopkowska Consorts Marianna Wisniowiecka Zofia Teofillia Daniłowicz Children with Zofia Teofillia Daniłowicz Marek Sobieski Jan III Sobieski Katarzyna Sobieska Date of Birth May 5, 1590 Place of Birth Zółkiew Date of Death June... The Ruthenian Voivodship (Polish: Województwo Ruskie) (1366-1772) was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland. ... A castellan was the governor or caretaker of a castle or keep. ... Wawel Hill, Old Town, Kraków. ... Hetman`s coat of arms Hetman StanisÅ‚aw Koniecpolski of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Hetman was the title of the second highest military commander (after the monarch) used in 15th to 18th century Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, known from 1569 to 1795 as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... Noble Family Żółkiewski Coat of Arms Lubicz Parents  ? Consorts  ? Children  ? Date of Birth 1547 Place of Birth Turynka near Lwów Date of Death October 7, 1620 Place of Death near Mohylowo, Podole StanisÅ‚aw Żółkiewski, (1547 – 7 October 1620) was a Polish noble (szlachcic) of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth... Nowodworek is a short name of the I Liceum im. ... Jagiellonian University (Polish: Uniwersytet JagielloÅ„ski, often shortened to UJ) is located in Krakow, Poland, and has been ranked by the Times Higher Education Supplement as the best Polish university. ... Noble Family Sobieski Coat of Arms Janina Parents Jakub Sobieski Zofia Teofillia DaniÅ‚owicz Consorts  ? Children  ? Date of Birth 1628 Place of Birth  ? Date of Death 1652 Place of Death  ? Marek Sobieski (1628-1652) was a Polish noble (szlachcic). ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ...

Sobieski (oval portrait) with his family. Painting by Henri Gascar.

Both brothers returned to Poland in 1648 and volunteered for the army during the Chmielnicki Uprising. Jan founded his own banner of cavalry and commanded it in the rank of Rotamaster. After the Battle of Zborów, the brothers were separated and Marek died in Tatar captivity the following year. Jan was promoted to the rank of pułkownik and fought with distinction in the Battle of Beresteczko. A promising commander, Jan was sent by King John II Casimir to Ottoman Empire as an envoy. There, Sobieski learned the Tatar language and studied the Turkish military traditions and tactics. painted by Henri Gascar This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... painted by Henri Gascar This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Combatants Cossacks Poland-Lithuania Commanders Bohdan Khmelnytsky MikoÅ‚aj Potocki, Jeremi WiÅ›niowiecki Khmelnytskyi Uprising (also Chmielnicki Uprising or Chmielnicki Rebellion) is the name of a civil war in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the years 1648–1654. ... ChorÄ…giew pancerna of rotmistrz Józef Hulewicz painted by Wojciech Kossak. ... Volunteer Representative Squadron of City of PoznaÅ„ in uniforms of 15th PoznaÅ„ Uhlans Regiment Polish Cavalry (Polish: ) can trace its origins back to the days of Medieval mounted knights. ... Rotmistrz of an armoured regiment. ... Battle of Zboriv, also known as Battle of Zborów (August 15-August 16, 1649) was fought in the vicinity of Zboriv, as part of the Khmelnytsky Uprising, between a combined Cossack-Crimean force and an army of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... Historically, the term Tatar (or Tartar) has been ambiguously used by Europeans to refer to many different peoples of Inner Asia and Northern Asia. ... PuÅ‚kownik (literarily Regimentary, abbrev. ... The great Battle of Beresteczko (Berestechko in Ukrainian) in Volhynia (WoÅ‚yÅ„ in Polish, Volyn in Ukrainian), Ukraine, lasted from June 28 to June 30, 1651, between the Polish army under King Jan II Casimir and Ukrainian Cossack and peasant forces, led by Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, and their Crimean Tatar... Reign From November, 1648 until September 16, 1668 Elected In November 1648 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On January 19, 1649 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Vasa Parents Zygmunt III Waza Anna Austriaczka Consorts Ludwika Maria Children with Ludwika Maria Maria Anna Teresa... Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–65) Edirne (1365–1453) Constantinople (Ä°stanbul, 1453–1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 Osman I  - 1918–22 Mehmed VI... The Tatar language (Tatar tele, Tatarça, Татар теле, Татарча) is a Turkic language spoken by the Tatars. ...

After the start of the Swedish invasion of Poland known there as "The Deluge", Jan Sobieski was among the Greater Polish regiments led by Krzysztof Opaliński, Palatine of Poznań which capitulated at Ujście, swearing allegiance to the Swedish king Charles X Gustav. However, in less than a year he returned with his unit to the Polish side, and after April of 1656 he fought for the Polish king. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Voivodship wielkopolskie since 1999 Coat of Arms for voivodship wielkopolskie Greater Poland (also Great Poland; Polish: , German: Großpolen, Latin: Polonia Maior) is a historical region of west-central Poland. ... Noble Family OpaliÅ„ski Coat of Arms Łodzia Parents Piotr OpaliÅ„ski Zofia Kostka Consorts Teresa Czarnkowska Children had two sons: Piotr Adam OpaliÅ„ski and Jan Karol OpaliÅ„ski and six daughters. ... Map as of 1975 // PoznaÅ„ Voivodship (1) 1975-1998 PoznaÅ„ Voivodship 1975-1998 (Polish: województwo poznaÅ„skie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in years 1975-1998, superseded by Greater Poland Voivodship. ... UjÅ›cie is a town in Poland, with 3,888 inhabitants (2004). ... Charles X Gustav (Karl X Gustav) (November 8, 1622 – February 13, 1660), was King of Sweden from 1654 until his death. ...

Commander

John III, by Jan Matejko

During the three-day long battle of Warsaw of that year, Sobieski brilliantly commanded a 2000 men strong regiment of Tatar cavalry, for which he was promoted to the title of Lord Standard-Bearer of the Crown. A strong supporter of the French faction, Sobieski remained loyal to the King during the infamous Lubomirski Rebellion, which also helped in his military career. In 1665 he married Marie Casimire Louise de la Grange d'Arquien and was promoted to the rank of Grand Marshal of the Crown and the following year to the rank of Field Hetman of the Crown. In 1667 he achieved another great victory over the Kossacks and their Tatar allies in the battle of Podhajce. A famed and much esteemed commander, in February 5, 1668 he achieved the rank of Grand Hetman of the Crown, the highest military rank in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the de facto commander-in-chief of the entire Polish Army. John III Sobieski of Poland This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... John III Sobieski of Poland This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... Jan Matejko , self-portrait. ... The Battle of Warsaw which took place on 28-30 July 1656, between armies of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth on the one side and of Sweden and Brandenburg on the other, was an important battle of the Northern Wars. ... Crown of the Polish Kingdom, or just colloquially the Crown (Polish:Korona) is the archaic name for territories of Poland, distinguishing them from territories of Grand Duchy of Lithuania or vassal territories like Duchy of Prussia or Duchy of Courland, which had varying degrees of autonomy. ... The Lubomirski Rebellion or Rokosz of Lubomirski was a revolt against the rule of King Jan II Kazimierz Vasa of Poland, initiated by the Polish nobleman Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski. ... Coronation On February 2, 1676 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Parents Henrik de la Grange dArquien Francis de la Charte Consorts Jan Sobiepan Zamoyski Jan III Sobieski Children with Jan III Sobieski Jakub Ludwik Sobieski Teresa Teofila Sobieska Berbelune Sobieska La Mannone Sobieska Teresa Kunegunda Sobieska Aleksander... MarszaÅ‚ek (English Marshal) was one of the highest officials in the Polish royal court since the 13th century. ... Hetman`s coat of arms Hetman StanisÅ‚aw Koniecpolski of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Hetman was the title of the second highest military commander (after the monarch) used in 15th to 18th century Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, known from 1569 to 1795 as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... Battle of Podhajce took place on 8-9 September 1698 near Podhajce in Ruthenian Voivodship during Great Turkish War. ... February 5 is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1668 (MDCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without... Commander-in-Chief (in NATO-lingo often C-in-C or CINC pronounced sink) is the commander of all the military forces within a particular region or of all the military forces of a state. ... Polish Army (Polish Wojsko Polskie) is the name applied to the military forces of Poland. ...

On November 11, 1673 Sobieski added yet another brilliant victory to his list, this time defeating the Turks in the battle of Chocim and capturing the mighty fortress located there. The news of the battle spread across the country simultaneously to the news of the recent death of Michał I, King of Poland, who had died only a day before the battle. This made Sobieski one of the most popular personalities in the state and the following year, on May 19, he was elected the new monarch of the Commonwealth. The support of his candidacy was almost complete, with only a dozen or so members of the diet opposing him. Among the most notable partisans of his candidacy was his wife. Jan Sobieski was crowned Jan III February 2, 1676 November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... 1673 (MDCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Khotin fortress overlooks the Dniester river Khotyn (Хотин, Polish: Chocim; Romanian: Hotin; Russian: Хотин, Khotin) is a town in the Chernivetska oblast of Ukraine. ... Khotin fortress overlooks the Dniester river Khotyn (Хотин, Polish: Chocim; Romanian: Hotin; Russian: Хотин, Khotin) is a town in the Chernivetska oblast of Ukraine. ... Reign From June 19, 1669 until November 10, 1673 Elected On June 19, 1669 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On September 29, 1669 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Coat of Arms Korybut Parents Jeremi MichaÅ‚ WiÅ›niowiecki Gryzelda Konstancja Zamoyska Consorts Elenora Maria Habsburg Children... May 19 is the 139th day of the year (140th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Election of Michal Korybut Wisniowiecki as king of Poland at Wola, outside Warsaw ( 1669). ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... February 2 is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 29 - Feodor III becomes Tsar of Russia First measurement of the speed of light, by Ole Rømer Bacons Rebellion Russo-Turkish Wars commence. ...

King

Jan III Sobieski at the Battle of Vienna. Painting by Jerzy Siemiginowski-Eleuter, ca. 1686, National Museum, Warsaw.

Although Poland-Lithuania was at that time the largest and one of the most populous states of Europe, Sobieski became a king of a country devastated by almost half a century of constant war, which brought an end to Poland's economic well-being. The treasury was almost empty and the court had little to offer for the powerful magnates, who often allied themselves with foreign courts rather than the state they lived in. Sobieski decided to stabilise the situation of the country by forcing the Ottomans to accept a peace treaty to end the constant wars on the southern border. In the autumn of 1674 he recommenced the war against the Turks and managed to recapture the mighty fortresses of Kamieniec Podolski, Bar and Reszków, which re-established a strongly-fortified line defending Poland's southern border in the Ukraine. According to Polish historian Oskar Halecki, Sobieski also planned to retake Prussia with Swedish cooperation and French support. This undertaking was doomed because of war with Turkey and opposition from the Commonwealth's magnates. The plan was torpedoed by Michał Pac, the hetman of Lithuania and a supporter of Brandenburg, who simply defected with his army and disbanded it. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (550x800, 68 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (550x800, 68 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Winter (Zima, 1683). ... Motto: Contemnit procellas (It defies the storms) Semper invicta (Always invincible) Coordinates: Country Poland Voivodeship Masovia Powiat city county Gmina Warszawa Districts 18 boroughs City Rights turn of the 13th century Government  - Mayor Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz (PO) Area  - City 516. ... Polish Magnate (17th century) Magnate, from the Late Latin magnas, a great man, itself from Latin magnus great, designates a noble or other man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or other qualities. ... Events February 19 - England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster. ... ... Bar is a town in Ukraine at the Rov river in Podolia. ... Oskar Halecki (1891 in Vienna - 1973 near New York) Polish historian, social and Catholic activist. ... Motto: Suum cuique Latin: To each his own Prussia at its peak, as leading state of the German Empire Capital Königsberg, later Berlin Political structure Duchy, Kingdom, Republic Duke1  - 1525–68 Albert I  - 1688–1701 Frederick III King1  - 1701–13 Frederick I  - 1888–1918 William II Prime Minister1,2... For a wealthy or powerful business baron, executive, or tycoon, see business magnate Magnate is a title of nobility commonly used in Sweden, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and some other medieval empires. ... MichaÅ‚ Kazimierz Pac (1624-1682) was a Grand Hetman of Lithuania since 1667 and the voivod of Wilno since 1669. ... The first Polish title of Grand Crown Hetman was created in 1505. ...   (Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of Germanys sixteen Bundesländer (federal states). ...

In 1675 the Tartars started a counter-offensive and crossed the Dneper, but could not retake the strategic town of Żórawno and the peace treaty was signed soon afterwards. Although Kamieniec Podolski remained a part of Turkey, Poland levelled its significance by the construction of the Stronghold of the Holy Trinity and return of the town of Biała Cerkiev. With signing of the treaty a period of peace started, much needed to repair the country and strengthen the royal authority. Although constantly harassed by the magnates and foreign courts of Brandenburg and Austria (Austria even tried to oust Sobieski and replace him with Charles of Lorraine), Sobieski completely reformed the Polish military. The military was reorganised into regiments, the infantry finally dropped pikes replacing them with battle-axes and the Polish cavalry adopted the formations of hussars and dragoons. Also, Sobieski greatly increased the number of guns and developed a new tactics of artillery. Length 2,290 km Elevation of the source - m Average discharge 1670 m³/s Area watershed 516,300 km² Origin Russia Mouth Black Sea Basin countries Russia, Belarus, Ukraine The Dnieper River (Russian: Днепр/Dnepr; Belarusian: Дняпро/Dnyapro; Ukrainian: Д&#1085... Stronghold of the Holy Trinity (Pl: Okopy ÅšwiÄ™tej Trójcy) was a - now non-existent - village and fortress at the Zbruch and Dniester rivers. ...   (Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of Germanys sixteen Bundesländer (federal states). ... Charles Léopold Nicolas Sixte (April 3, 1643 – April 18, 1690), was the titular Duke of Lorraine from 1675 to 1690, a time when Lorraine was occupied by France. ... Look up Pike and pike in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Replicas of battle axes A battle axe is an axe specifically designed as a weapon. ... Volunteer Representative Squadron of City of PoznaÅ„ in uniforms of 15th PoznaÅ„ Uhlans Regiment Polish Cavalry (Polish: ) can trace its origins back to the days of Medieval mounted knights. ... Polish (Winged) Hussar Hussar (original Hungarian spelling: huszár, plural huszárok, Polish: Husaria) refers to a number of types of cavalry used throughout Europe since the 15th century. ... French dragoon, 1745. ...

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1686

As a diplomat, Sobieski envisioned an alliance of Poland with France and the Ottomans against the Austrian empire and Brandenburg. However, his plans never came true and finally in 1683 had to be completely abandoned. Conscious that Poland was risking a war against most of its neighbours similar to the Deluge and was lacking allies, Sobieski allied himself with Leopold I, the Holy Roman Emperor. The alliance, although aimed directly against Turks and indirectly against France, had the advantage of gaining support for the defence of Poland's southern borders. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2000x1568, 990 KB) Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1686 author:user:Halibutt and user:Mathiasrex File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): John III Sobieski Maps of Lithuania Maps... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2000x1568, 990 KB) Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1686 author:user:Halibutt and user:Mathiasrex File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): John III Sobieski Maps of Lithuania Maps... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The Habsburg Monarchy, often called Austrian Monarchy or simply Austria, are the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine, between 1526 and 1867/1918. ...   (Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of Germanys sixteen Bundesländer (federal states). ... Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor Silver coin of Leopold I, 3 Kreuzers, dated 1670. ... The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ...

In the spring of that year royal spies uncovered Turkish preparations for a military campaign, and Sobieski feared that the target might be the Polish cities of Lwów and Kraków. To prevent the risk, Sobieski started the fortification of the cities and ordered universal military conscription. Motto: Semper fidelis Oblast Lviv Oblast Municipal government City council (Львівська міська рада) Mayor City chairman Lyubomyr Bunyak Area 171,01 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 808,900 ? 4786/km² Founded City rights 13th century 1353 Latitude Longitude 49°51′ N 24°01′ E Area code +0322 Car plates  ? Twin towns Corning, Freiburg... Wawel Hill, Old Town, Kraków. ...

Sobieski's military prowess demonstrated in war against the Ottoman Empire contributed to his election as King of Poland. One of his ambitions was to unify Christian Europe in a crusade to drive the Turks out of Europe. He made alliance with the Holy Roman Emperor and joined the Holy League initiated by Pope Innocent XI to preserve Christendom. Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–65) Edirne (1365–1453) Constantinople (Ä°stanbul, 1453–1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 Osman I  - 1918–22 Mehmed VI... The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ... During the course of the Ottoman wars in Europe, the War of the Holy League (1682 - 1699) was marked by the rise of a new Holy League initiated by Pope Innocent XI and composed of the Holy Roman Empire (headed by Habsburg Austria), the Venetian Republic and Poland in 1684... The Blessed Innocent XI, né Benedetto Odescalchi (May 16, 1611 – August 12, 1689) was pope from 1676 to 1689. ...

Battle of Vienna

Main article: Battle of Vienna

Sobieski sending Message of Victory to the Pope after the Battle of Vienna. Painting by Jan Matejko, 1880, National Museum, Kraków

Sobieski's greatest success came on September 12, 1683 with his victory at the Battle of Vienna, in command of Polish, Austrian and German troops, against the invading Turks under Kara Mustafa. // For siege of Vienna in 1529 see Siege of Vienna Combatants Holy League: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Austria, Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, Bavaria Ottoman Empire, Khanate of Crimea, Transylvania, Wallachia, Moldavia Commanders John III Sobieski, Charles V of Lorraine Kara Mustafa Pasha Strength 70,000, (10,000 during siege) 138,000, (200... Sobieski Sending Message of Victory to the Pope, after the Battle of Vienna by Matejko This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Sobieski Sending Message of Victory to the Pope, after the Battle of Vienna by Matejko This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... // For siege of Vienna in 1529 see Siege of Vienna Combatants Holy League: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Austria, Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, Bavaria Ottoman Empire, Khanate of Crimea, Transylvania, Wallachia, Moldavia Commanders John III Sobieski, Charles V of Lorraine Kara Mustafa Pasha Strength 70,000, (10,000 during siege) 138,000, (200... Jan Matejko , self-portrait. ... Wawel Hill, Old Town, Kraków. ... September 12 is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years). ... Events June 6 - The Ashmolean Museum opens as the worlds first university museum. ... // For siege of Vienna in 1529 see Siege of Vienna Combatants Holy League: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Austria, Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, Bavaria Ottoman Empire, Khanate of Crimea, Transylvania, Wallachia, Moldavia Commanders John III Sobieski, Charles V of Lorraine Kara Mustafa Pasha Strength 70,000, (10,000 during siege) 138,000, (200... Headstone of Kara Mustafa, Edirne, Turkey Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha (1634/1635 – December 25, 1683) was an Ottoman military leader and vizier who was a central character in the empires last attempts at expansion into central and eastern Europe. ...

Upon reaching Vienna, he joined up with the Austrians and Germans. Sobieski planned to attack on the 13th of September, but he had noticed that the Turkish resistance was weak and ordered full attack on September 12. At 4:00 a.m. a united army of about 81,000 men attacked a Turkish army that numbered about 130,000. At about five o'clock in the afternoon, four husaria cavalry groups led by Sobieski charged forward, and soon after the Turkish battle line was broken as the Turks scattered in confusion. At 5:30 p.m., Sobieski entered the deserted tent of Kara Mustafa and the battle of Vienna was over. Hussar ...

The Pope and other foreign dignitaries hailed Sobieski as the "Savior of Vienna and Western European civilization." In a letter to his wife he wrote, "All the common people kissed my hands, my feet, my clothes; others only touched me, saying: 'Ah, let us kiss so valiant a hand!'"

Later years and legacy

King Jan III Sobieski, nicknamed by the Turks the "Lion of Lehistan", and the last great king of Poland, died in Wilanów, Poland on June 17, 1696. His wife, Maria Kasimira, died in 1716 in Blois, France and her body was returned to Poland. They are interred together in Wawel Castle, Kraków, Poland. Lechia is the historical name of Poland, still present in several European languages: Lenkija in Lithuanian, Lengyelorszag in Hungarian, Lehistan in Turkish. ... Area 36,73 km² Population 14 032 (2003) Population density 355/km² Mayor Lech Skowron Notable landmarks Wilanów Palace, Poster Museum, palace park Wilanów Website Wilanów is a borough of the city of Warsaw, Poland. ... June 17 is the 168th day of the year (169th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The year 1696 had the earliest equinoxes and solstices for 400 years in the Gregorian calendar, because this year is a leap year and the Gregorian calendar would have behaved like the Julian calendar since March 1500 had it have been in use that long. ... Coronation On February 2, 1676 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Parents Henrik de la Grange dArquien Francis de la Charte Consorts Jan Sobiepan Zamoyski Jan III Sobieski Children with Jan III Sobieski Jakub Ludwik Sobieski Teresa Teofila Sobieska Berbelune Sobieska La Mannone Sobieska Teresa Kunegunda Sobieska Aleksander... Blois is a city in France, the préfecture (capital) city of the Loir-et-Cher département, situated on the banks of the lower river Loire between Orléans and Tours. ... The Wawel Castle (Polish: Zamek wawelski) is in Kraków, Poland, and served as a royal residence and the site where the countrys rulers governed Poland for five centuries from 1038 until 1596. ... Wawel Hill, Old Town, Kraków. ...

King Jan III was succeeded by Augustus II who stayed in power primarily because of Russian support. On his death in 1733, a struggle for the crown of Poland ensued, referred to as the War of the Polish Succession. Reign From 1697, until 1706 and from 1709, until February 1, 1733 Elected In 1697 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On September 15, 1697 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Wettin Parents John George III Wettin Anne Sophie Consorts  ? Children August III Sas Maurice... The War of the Polish Succession (1733-1738) was a European war and a Polish civil war, with considerable interference from other countries, to determine the succession to Augustus II, King of Poland, as well as an attempt by the Bourbon powers to check the power of Austria in western...

After World War II, a statue of Jan III Sobieski was "repatriated" to Gdansk (now in Poland) from Lwów (now a Ukrainian city). The statue overlooks a little park at the old Gdańsk City Hall, now a museum. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... GdaÅ„sk ( ; IPA: ), also known by its German name Danzig ( ) and several other names, is the sixth-largest city in Poland and is Polands principal seaport and the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship. ... Lviv ( Львів in Ukrainian; Львов, Lvov in Russian; Lwów in Polish; Leopolis in Latin; Lemberg in German—see also cities alternative names) is a city in western Ukraine with 830,000 inhabitants (an additional 200,000 commute daily from... It has been suggested that Town Hall be merged into this article or section. ...

Battles commanded by Sobieski

Monument to King Jan III Sobieski, now at Gdańsk, Poland (formerly in Lwów).

• Battle of Podhajce (1667) (1667)
• Battle of Bracław (1671)
• Battle of Mohylów (1671)
• Battle of Kalnik (1671)
• Battle of Krasnobród (1672)
• Battle of Niemirów (1672)
• Battle of Komarno (1672)
• Battle of Kałusz (1672)
• Battle of Chocim (1673)
• Battle of Bar (1674)
• Battle of Lwów (1675)
• Battle of Trembowla (1675)
• Battle of Wojniłów (1675)
• Battle of Żurawno (1676)
• Battle of Vienna (1683)
• Battle of Parkany (1683)
• Battle of Jazłowiec (1684)
• Battle of Żwaniec (1684)
• Battle of Iaşi (1686)
• Battle of Suceava (1691)

Download high resolution version (533x800, 68 KB)(With permission, Author: Marek i Ewa Wojciechowscy, http://www. ... Download high resolution version (533x800, 68 KB)(With permission, Author: Marek i Ewa Wojciechowscy, http://www. ... GdaÅ„sk ( ; IPA: ), also known by its German name Danzig ( ) and several other names, is the sixth-largest city in Poland and is Polands principal seaport and the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship. ... Motto: Semper fidelis Oblast Lviv Oblast Municipal government City council (Львівська міська рада) Mayor City chairman Lyubomyr Bunyak Area 171,01 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 808,900 ? 4786/km² Founded City rights 13th century 1353 Latitude Longitude 49°51′ N 24°01′ E Area code +0322 Car plates  ? Twin towns Corning, Freiburg... Combatants Poland Germany Commanders Bohdan Stachlewski† Tadeusz Gerlecki† Rudolf Koch-Erpach Strength Navahrudak Cavarly Brigade 2nd Horse Artillery Division 2nd Horse Rifles Regiment 1st KOP Cavarly Regiment 8th Infrantry Division heavy east-prussian cavarly Casualties heavy heavy The Battle of Krasnobród took place on 23 September 1939 near the... Khotin fortress overlooks the Dniester river Khotyn (Хотин, Polish: Chocim; Romanian: Hotin; Russian: Хотин, Khotin) is a town in the Chernivetska oblast of Ukraine. ... Battle of Lwów refers to a battle between the armies of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Turkey that took place near the city of Lwów (now Lviv) on August 24, 1675. ... The Castle at Trembowla which has withstood years of attacks The Battle of Trembowla, more popularly know as the Defense of Trembowla, was glorified and immortalized in the paintings of Franciszek Smuglewicz, Jozef Peszka and Aleksander Lesser. ... // For siege of Vienna in 1529 see Siege of Vienna Combatants Holy League: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Austria, Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, Bavaria Ottoman Empire, Khanate of Crimea, Transylvania, Wallachia, Moldavia Commanders John III Sobieski, Charles V of Lorraine Kara Mustafa Pasha Strength 70,000, (10,000 during siege) 138,000, (200...

Marriage and family

Family tree

On July 5, 1665, he married the widow of Jan "Sobiepan" Zamoyski, Marie Casimire Louise de la Grange d'Arquien (1641-1716), of Nevers, Burgundy, France. Their children were: Family tree of the descendants of John III of Poland I developed this as PowerPoint. ... Family tree of the descendants of John III of Poland I developed this as PowerPoint. ... July 5 is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 179 days remaining. ... Year 1665 (MDCLXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Noble Family Zamoyski Coat of Arms Jelita Parents Tomasz Zamoyski Katarzyna Ostrogska Consorts Marie Casimire Louise Children with Marie Casimire Louise Ludwika Maria Zamoyska Katarzyna Zamoyska Date of Birth 1627 Place of Birth Zamość Date of Death April 2, 1662 Place of Death  ? Jan Sobiepan Zamoyski (1627-1662... Coronation On February 2, 1676 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Parents Henrik de la Grange dArquien Francis de la Charte Consorts Jan Sobiepan Zamoyski Jan III Sobieski Children with Jan III Sobieski Jakub Ludwik Sobieski Teresa Teofila Sobieska Berbelune Sobieska La Mannone Sobieska Teresa Kunegunda Sobieska Aleksander... Palais Ducal Nevers is a commune of central France, the préfecture (capital) of the Nièvre département, in the former province of Nivernais. ... région of Bourgogne, see Bourgogne. ...

1. Jakub Ludwik, (b. 1667 - d. 1736) - Crown Prince.
2. twin daughters (b. and d. 1669).
3. Teresa Teofila (b, and d. 1670).
4. Berbelune (Adelaida?) (b. 1672 - d. 1677).
5. La Mannone (b. 1674 - d. 1675).
6. Teresa Kunegunda, (b. 1676 - d. 1730) - In 1695, the Princess married Maximilian II Emanuel, elector of Bavaria.
7. Aleksander Benedykt, (1677-1713).
8. Konstanty Władysław, (1680-1720).
9. Jan, (1682-1685).
10. daughter (b. 1686 - d. 1687).
11. daughter (b. and d. 1689).
12. daughter (b. 1691 - d. 1692).
13. daughter (b, and d. 1694).

Nobel Family Sobieski Coat of Arms Janina Parents Jan III Sobieski Marie Casimire Louise Consorts Hedwig Elisabeth Amelia Children with Hedwig Elisabeth Amelia Maria Leopoldyna Sobieska Maria Kazimiera Sobieska Maria Karolina Sobieska Jan Sobieski Maria Klementyna Sobieska Maria Magdalena Sobieska Date of Birth November 2, 1667 Place of Birth Paris... Noble Family Sobieski Coat of Arms Janina Parents Jan III Sobieski Marie Casimire Louise Consorts Maximilian II Emanuel Children with Maximilian II Emanuel Maria Anna Charles VII Filip Maurycy Ferdynand Maria Klemens August Wilhelm Jan Adolf Alojzy Jan Teodor Maximilian Emanuel Date of Birth March 4, 1676 Place of Birth... Maximilian II Emanuel Maximilian II Emanuel (July 11, 1662 - February 26, 1726) was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and an elector (Kurfürst) of the Holy Roman Empire. ... Aleksander Benedykt Sobieski (6 September 1677 – 16 November 1714) was the son of Jan III Sobieski, King of Poland, and his wife, Marie Louise. ... Konstanty Władysław Sobieski (1 May 1680 – 28 February 1726) was the son of Jan III Sobieski, King of Poland, and his wife, Marie Louise. ... John Sobieski (b. ...

Trivia

• After the battle of Vienna, the newly identified constellation Scutum (Latin for shield) was originally named Scutum Sobiescianum by the astronomer Johannes Hevelius, in honour of Jan III Sobieski. While there are some few stars named after non-astronomers, this is the only constellation that was originally named after a real non-astronomer, who was still alive when the constellation was named.

• The legend of the origins of the bagel refer to Jan III Sobieski as the king to whom a Jewish baker gave the very first bagel in commemoration of a military victory in 1683.

This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Scutum (Latin for shield) is a small constellation. ... Johannes Hevelius Johannes Hevelius (Latin), also called Johann Hewelke, Johannes Höwelcke or Johannes Hewel (in German), or Jan Heweliusz (in Polish), (born January 28, 1611 – died January 28, 1687), was a councillor and mayor in Danzig (GdaÅ„sk). ... One Montreal-style bagel with mun (poppyseeds) and two with sesame seeds. ... The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination...

Further reading

• Tatham, John Sobieski, (Oxford, 1881)
• Dupont, Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire de Sobieski, (Warsaw, 1885)
• Salvandy, Histoire de Pologne avant et sous le roi Jean Sobieski, (two volumes, new edition, Paris, 1855)
• Coyer, Histoire de Jean Sobieski, (Amsterdam, 1761 and 1783)
• Waliszewski, Acta, (three volumes, Cracow, 1684)
• Rieder, Johann III., König von Polen, (Vienna, 1883)
• Chelmecki, König J. Sobieski und die Befreiung Wiens, (Vienna, 1883)
• Du Hamel de Breuil, Sobieski et sa politique de 1674 à 1683, (Paris, 1894)

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

John III of Poland

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

John III Sobieski

• History of Poland (1569-1795)