NationMaster - Encyclopedia: John McCain

John Sidney McCain III (born August 29, 1936) is the senior United States Senator from Arizona. He was the Republican nominee for president in the 2008 United States election. Senior Senator and Junior Senator are terms commonly used in the media to describe U.S. Senators. ... The United States Senate is the upper house of the U.S. Congress, smaller than the United States House of Representatives. ... Official language(s) English Spoken language(s) English 74. ... GOP redirects here. ... In the United States of America the President has the executive authority to nominate people to various governmental positions, subject to the approval of Congress. ... Presidential electoral votes by state The United States Presidential election of 2008 will be held on November 4, 2008. ...

McCain followed his father and grandfather, both four-star admirals, into the United States Navy, graduating from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1958. He became a naval aviator, flying ground-attack aircraft from aircraft carriers. During the Vietnam War, he nearly lost his life in the 1967 USS Forrestal fire. In October 1967, while on a bombing mission over Hanoi, he was shot down, badly injured, and captured by the North Vietnamese. He was a prisoner of war until 1973. McCain experienced episodes of torture, and refused an out-of-sequence early repatriation offer. His war wounds left him with lifelong physical limitations. This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... John Sidney McCain, Sr. ... The stars and shoulder boards of a four star admiral Admiral is a senior naval rank of the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, and the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps. ... USN redirects here. ... The United States Naval Academy (USNA) is an institution for the undergraduate education of officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps and is in Annapolis, Maryland . ... An aircraft carrier is a warship whose main role is to deploy and recover aircraft. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Two aircraft carriers, USS (left), and HMS Illustrious (right), showing the difference in size between a supercarrier and a light V/STOL aircraft carrier. ... Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam Peopleâ€™s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000... On 29 July 1967, a devastating fire and series of chain-reaction explosions caused great loss of life on the aircraft carrier USS Forrestal (CV-59) after an unusual electrical anomaly discharged a Zuni rocket on the flight deck. ... For the puzzle, see Tower of Hanoi. ... Anthem Tiáº¿n QuÃ¢n Ca (Army March) Location of North Vietnam Capital Hanoi Language(s) Vietnamese Government Socialist republic First president Ho Chi Minh Historical era Cold War - Independence proclaimed (from Japan) September 2, 1945 - Recognized 1954 - Disestablished July 2, 1976 Area 157,880 kmÂ² Population - est. ... Geneva Convention definition A prisoner of war (POW) is a soldier, sailor, airman, or marine who is imprisoned by an enemy power during or immediately after an armed conflict. ... For other uses, see Torture (disambiguation). ... Repatriation (from late Latin repatriare - to restore someone to his homeland) is the process of return of refugees or soldiers to their homes, most notably following a war. ...

He retired from the Navy as a captain in 1981, moved to Arizona, and entered politics. Elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1982, he served two terms, and was then elected to the U.S. Senate in 1986, winning re-election easily in 1992, 1998, and 2004. While generally adhering to conservative principles, McCain at times has had a media reputation as a "maverick" for having disagreed with his party. After being investigated and largely exonerated in a political influence scandal of the 1980s as a member of the Keating Five, he made campaign finance reform one of his signature concerns, which eventually led to the passage of the McCain-Feingold Act in 2002. He is also known for his work towards restoring diplomatic relations with Vietnam in the 1990s, and for his belief that the war in Iraq should be fought to a successful conclusion. McCain has chaired the Senate Commerce Committee, has opposed spending that he considered to be pork barrel, and played a key role in alleviating a crisis over judicial nominations. See Captain (disambiguation) for other versions of this rank. ... The House of Representatives is the larger of two houses that make up the U.S. Congress, the other being the United States Senate. ... Type Upper House President of the Senate Richard B. Cheney, R since January 20, 2001 President pro tempore Robert C. Byrd, D since January 4, 2007 Members 100 Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party Last elections November 7, 2006 Meeting place Senate Chamber United States Capitol Washington, DC United States... Conservatism in the United States comprises a constellation of political ideologies including fiscal conservatism, free market or economic liberalism, social conservatism,[1] bioconservatism and religious conservatism,[2][3] as well as support for a strong military,[4] small government and promotion of states rights. ... The Keating Five (or Keating Five Scandal) refers to a Congressional scandal related to the collapse of most of the Savings and Loan institutions in the United States in the late 1980s. ... Political campaign Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box: Campaign finance reform is the common term for the political effort in the United States to change the involvement of money in politics, primarily in political campaigns. ... The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA) is U.S. Congressional legislation which regulates the financing of political campaigns. ... For other uses, see Iraq war (disambiguation). ... The Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation is a standing committee of the United States Senate in charge of all senate matters related to the following subjects: Coast Guard Coastal zone management Communications Highway safety Inland waterways, except construction Interstate commerce Marine and ocean navigation, safety, and transportation Marine... A pork barrel, literally, is a barrel in which pork is kept. ... The Gang of 14 (sometimes called the Mod Squad, with mod standing for moderate) was a term coined to describe the bipartisan group of moderate Senators who successfully negotiated a compromise to avoid the deployment of the so-called nuclear option over the organized use of the filibuster by Senate...

McCain ran for the Republican presidential nomination in 2000, but lost a heated primary contest to George W. Bush. He secured the nomination in 2008 after coming back from early reversals, but lost to Democratic candidate Barack Obama in the general election. The United States presidential election of 2000 was a contest between the Democratic candidate Al Gore versus the Republican candidate of George W. Bush. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the forty-third and current President of the United States of America, originally inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ... The United States presidential election of 2008, scheduled to be held on November 4, 2008, will be the 55th consecutive quadrennial president and vice president of the United States. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas Politics Portal Further information: Politics of the United States#Organization of American political parties The Democratic... Barack and Obama redirect here. ...

Early life and military career, 1936–1981

The early life and military career of John McCain spans the first forty-five years (1936â€“1981) of the life of John Sidney McCain III, a United States Senator from Arizona and the presumptive nominee of the Republican Party in the 2008 U.S. presidential election. ...

Formative years and education

John McCain was born in 1936 at Coco Solo Naval Air Station in the Panama Canal Zone, Panama, to naval officer John S. McCain, Jr. (1911–1981) and Roberta (Wright) McCain (b. 1912).^[2] At that time, the Panama Canal was under U.S. control.^[3] Coco Solo was a United States Navy submarine base established in 1918 on the Atlantic Ocean (northwest) side of the Panama Canal Zone, near Colón, Panama. ... The Panama Canal Zone (Spanish: ), was a 553 square mile (1,432 kmÂ²) territory inside of Panama, consisting of the Panama Canal and an area generally extending 5 miles (8. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... Roberta McCain (born 1912) is the widow of Admiral John S. McCain, Jr. ... The Panama Canal is a waterway in Central America which joins the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. ...

McCain's family tree includes Scots-Irish and English ancestors.^[4] His father and his paternal grandfather both became four-star United States Navy admirals.^[5] His family, including his older sister Sandy and younger brother Joe,^[2] followed his father to various naval postings in the United States and the Pacific.^[6] Altogether, he attended about 20 schools.^[7] Scots-Irish Americans are descendants of the Scots-Irish immigrants who came to North America in the late 17th and 18th centuries. ... This article is about the English as an ethnic group and nation. ... John Sidney McCain, Sr. ... USN redirects here. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other meanings of Pacific, see Pacific (disambiguation). ...

In 1951, the family settled in Northern Virginia, and McCain attended Episcopal High School, a private preparatory boarding school in Alexandria.^[8] He excelled at wrestling and graduated in 1954.^[9] Map of Northern Virginia Northern Virginia (NoVA) consists of Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun, and Prince William counties and the independent cities of Alexandria, Falls Church, Fairfax, Manassas, and Manassas Park. ... Aerial photograph of Episcopal High School. ... Location in Virginia Coordinates: , Country State Founded 1749 Government - Mayor William D. Euille Area - Total 15. ... This article is about scholastic wrestling. ...

Following in the footsteps of his father and grandfather, McCain entered the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis. There, he was a friend and informal leader for many of his classmates,^[10] and sometimes stood up for targets of bullying.^[5] He also became a lightweight boxer.^[11] McCain came into conflict with higher-ranking personnel, he did not always obey the rules, and that contributed to a low class rank (894 of 899), despite a high IQ.^[10]^[12] He did well in academic subjects that interested him, such as literature and history, but studied only enough to pass subjects he struggled with, such as mathematics.^[5]^[13] McCain graduated in 1958.^[10] The United States Naval Academy (USNA) is an institution for the undergraduate education of officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps and is in Annapolis, Maryland . ... City nickname: Americas Sailing Capital Location in the state of Maryland Founded 1649 Mayor Ellen O. Moyer (Dem) Area - Total - Water 19. ... A very common image in many schools around the world. ... For other meanings of these words, see boxing (disambiguation) or boxer. ... IQ redirects here. ...

Naval training, first marriage, and Vietnam assignment

John McCain's early military career began when he was commissioned an ensign and started two and a half years of training at Pensacola to become a naval aviator.^[14] While there, he earned a reputation as a partying man.^[7] He completed flight school in 1960, and became a naval pilot of ground-attack aircraft, assigned to A-1 Skyraider squadrons^[15] aboard the aircraft carriers USS Intrepid and USS Enterprise^[16] in the Caribbean and Mediterranean Seas.^[17] McCain began as a sub-par flier^[17] who was at times careless and reckless;^[18] during the early-to-mid 1960s, the planes he was flying crashed twice and once collided with power lines, but he received no major injuries.^[18] His aviation skills improved over time,^[17] and he was seen as a good pilot, albeit one who tended to "push the envelope" in his flying.^[18] The early life and military career of John McCain spans the first forty-five years (1936â€“1981) of the life of John Sidney McCain III, a United States Senator from Arizona and the presumptive nominee of the Republican Party in the 2008 U.S. presidential election. ... Ensign is a junior rank of commissioned officer in the militaries of some countries, normally in the infantry or navy. ... Nickname: Motto: Enhancing the Quality of Life for all Citizens Location in Escambia County and the state of Florida Coordinates: , Country United States State Florida County Escambia Government - Mayor John Fogg (R) Area - City 39. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Douglas A-1 (formerly AD) Skyraider was a U.S. single-seat attack bomber of the 1950s, 1960s and early 1970s. ... Four aircraft carriers, (bottom-to-top) Principe de Asturias, amphibious assault ship USS Wasp, USS Forrestal and light V/STOL carrier HMS Invincible, showing size differences of late 20th century carriers An aircraft carrier is a warship designed to deploy and recover aircraft, acting as a sea-going airbase. ... This article is about the aircraft carrier USS Intrepid. ... For other ships of the same name, see USS Enterprise. ... Map of Central America and the Caribbean The Caribbean Sea (pronounced or ) is a tropical sea in the Western Hemisphere, part of the Atlantic Ocean, southeast of the Gulf of Mexico. ... Mediterranean redirects here. ... An aircrafts performance limits, specifically the curves of speed plotted against other variables to indicate the limits of speed, altitude, and acceleration that a particular aircraft can not safely exceed. ...

On July 3, 1965, McCain married Carol Shepp, a model originally from Philadelphia.^[19] McCain adopted her two young children Douglas and Andrew.^[16]^[20] He and Carol then had a daughter named Sidney.^[21]^[22] Carol Shepp McCain (born 1937[1] or 1938[2]) is a former model, Director of the White House Visitors Office, and event planner, who is the ex-wife of United States Senator and presidential candidate John McCain. ... A model is a person who poses or displays for purposes of art, fashion, or other products and advertising. ... For other uses, see Philadelphia (disambiguation) and Philly. ...

McCain requested a combat assignment,^[23] and was assigned to the aircraft carrier USS Forrestal flying A-4 Skyhawks.^[24] His combat duty began when he was 30 years old, in summer 1967, when Forrestal was assigned to a bombing campaign, Operation Rolling Thunder, during the Vietnam War.^[19]^[25] McCain and his fellow pilots became frustrated by micromanagement from Washington, and he would later write that "In all candor, we thought our civilian commanders were complete idiots who didn't have the least notion of what it took to win the war."^[25]^[26] USS Forrestal (CVA/CV/AVT-59) was a United States Navy aircraft carrier, the lead ship of her class of supercarriers, named after Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal. ... The A-4 Skyhawk was an American attack aircraft originally designed to operate from United States Navy aircraft carriers. ... The early life and military career of John McCain spans the first forty-five years (1936â€“1981) of the life of John Sidney McCain III, a United States Senator from Arizona and the presumptive nominee of the Republican Party in the 2008 U.S. presidential election. ... Belligerents United States Republic of Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam Commanders Joseph H. Moore, William W. Momyer, George S. Brown Phung The Tai (Air Defense), Nguyen Van Tien (Air Force) Casualties and losses United States: ~835 killed, captured, or missing VNAF: Unknown ~20,000 military, ~72,000 civilian Operation Rolling... Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam Peopleâ€™s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000...

By then a lieutenant commander, McCain was almost killed on July 29, 1967, when he was near the center of the Forrestal fire. He escaped from his burning jet and was trying to help another pilot escape when a bomb exploded;^[27] McCain was struck in the legs and chest by fragments.^[28] The ensuing fire killed 134 sailors and took 24 hours to control.^[29]^[30] With the Forrestal out of commission, McCain volunteered for assignment with the USS Oriskany, another aircraft carrier employed in Operation Rolling Thunder.^[31] Once there, he would be awarded the Navy Commendation Medal and the Bronze Star for missions flown over North Vietnam.^[32] The rank of Lieutenant Commander (LCDR) is used in the Navy, the Coast Guard, the NOAA Corps and the PHSCC with the pay grade of O-4. ... On 29 July 1967, a devastating fire and series of chain-reaction explosions caused great loss of life on the aircraft carrier USS Forrestal (CV-59) after an unusual electrical anomaly discharged a Zuni rocket on the flight deck. ... USS Oriskany (CV/CVA-34) was an Essex-class aircraft carrier of the United States Navy, named for the Revolutionary War Battle of Oriskany. ... Four aircraft carriers, (bottom-to-top) Principe de Asturias, amphibious assault ship USS Wasp, USS Forrestal and light V/STOL carrier HMS Invincible, showing size differences of late 20th century carriers An aircraft carrier is a warship designed to deploy and recover aircraft, acting as a sea-going airbase. ... Belligerents United States Republic of Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam Commanders Joseph H. Moore, William W. Momyer, George S. Brown Phung The Tai (Air Defense), Nguyen Van Tien (Air Force) Casualties and losses United States: ~835 killed, captured, or missing VNAF: Unknown ~20,000 military, ~72,000 civilian Operation Rolling... The Commendation Medal is a mid-level United States military award which is presented for sustained acts of heroism or meritorious service. ... The Bronze Star Medal is a United States Armed Forces individual military decoration and is the fourth highest award for bravery, heroism or meritorious service. ...

Prisoner of war

John McCain's capture and subsequent imprisonment began on October 26, 1967. He was flying his 23rd bombing mission over North Vietnam when his A-4E Skyhawk was shot down by a missile over Hanoi.^[33]^[34] McCain fractured both arms and a leg ejecting from the aircraft,^[35] and nearly drowned when he parachuted into Truc Bach Lake.^[33] Some North Vietnamese pulled him ashore, then others crushed his shoulder with a rifle butt and bayoneted him.^[33] McCain was then transported to Hanoi's main Hoa Lo Prison, nicknamed the "Hanoi Hilton".^[34] The early life and military career of John McCain spans the first forty-five years (1936â€“1981) of the life of John Sidney McCain III, a United States Senator from Arizona and the presumptive nominee of the Republican Party in the 2008 U.S. presidential election. ... Anthem Tiáº¿n QuÃ¢n Ca (Army March) Location of North Vietnam Capital Hanoi Language(s) Vietnamese Government Socialist republic First president Ho Chi Minh Historical era Cold War - Independence proclaimed (from Japan) September 2, 1945 - Recognized 1954 - Disestablished July 2, 1976 Area 157,880 kmÂ² Population - est. ... The Douglas A-4 Skyhawk (formerly A4D Skyhawk, Douglas later McDonnell Douglas, now Boeing) is an attack aircraft originally designed to operate from United States Navy aircraft carriers. ... For the puzzle, see Tower of Hanoi. ... TrÃºc Báº¡ch Lake (Vietnamese: Ho TrÃºc Báº¡ch, meaning White Bamboo Lake) is one of the many fresh-water lakes in the city of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. ... The Hanoi Hilton (Vietnamese: Hoa Lo) was an infamous prison used by the North Vietnamese for prisoners of war during the Vietnam War. ...

Although McCain was badly wounded, his captors refused to treat his injuries, beating and interrogating him to get information; he was given medical care only when the North Vietnamese discovered that his father was a top admiral.^[37] His status as a prisoner of war (POW) made the front pages of major newspapers.^[38]^[39] TrÃºc Báº¡ch Lake (Vietnamese: Ho TrÃºc Báº¡ch, meaning White Bamboo Lake) is one of the many fresh-water lakes in the city of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. ... For the puzzle, see Tower of Hanoi. ... Geneva Convention definition A prisoner of war (POW) is a soldier, sailor, airman, or marine who is imprisoned by an enemy power during or immediately after an armed conflict. ...

McCain spent six weeks in the hospital while receiving marginal care.^[33] By then having lost 50 pounds (23 kg), in a chest cast, and with his hair turned white,^[33] McCain was sent to a different camp on the outskirts of Hanoi^[40] in December 1967, into a cell with two other Americans who did not expect him to live a week.^[41] In March 1968, McCain was put into solitary confinement, where he would remain for two years.^[42] Solitary confinement, colloquially referred to as the hole (or in British English the block), is a punishment in which a prisoner is denied contact with any other persons, excluding guards, chaplains and doctors. ...

In mid-1968, John S. McCain, Jr. was named commander of all U.S. forces in the Vietnam theater, and the North Vietnamese offered McCain early release^[43] because they wanted to appear merciful for propaganda purposes,^[44] and also to show other POWs that elite prisoners were willing to be treated preferentially.^[43] McCain turned down the offer; he would only accept repatriation if every man taken in before him was released as well. Such early release was prohibited by the POW's interpretation of the military Code of Conduct: To prevent the enemy from using prisoners for propaganda, officers were to agree to be released in the order in which they were captured.^[33] This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... For other uses, see Propaganda (disambiguation). ... The Code of the U.S. Fighting Force is a code of conduct that is an ethical guide and a United States Department of Defense directive consisting of six articles to members of the U.S. armed forces addressing how U.S. personnel in combat should act when they must...

In August 1968, a program of severe torture began on McCain.^[45] He was subjected to rope bindings and repeated beatings every two hours, at the same time as he was suffering from dysentery.^[33]^[45] Further injuries led to the beginning of a suicide attempt, stopped by guards.^[33] After four days, McCain made an anti-American propaganda "confession".^[33] He has always felt that his statement was dishonorable, but as he later wrote, "I had learned what we all learned over there: Every man has his breaking point. I had reached mine."^[46]^[47] Many American POWs were tortured and maltreated in order to extract "confessions" and propaganda statements, with many enduring even longer and worse treatment;^[48] virtually all of them eventually yielded something to their captors.^[49] McCain subsequently received two to three beatings weekly because of his continued refusal to sign additional statements.^[50] Dysentery (formerly known as flux or the bloody flux) is an infection of the digestive system that results in severe diarrhea containing mucus and blood in the feces. ...

McCain refused to meet with various anti-war groups seeking peace in Hanoi, wanting to give neither them nor the North Vietnamese a propaganda victory.^[51] From late 1969 onward, treatment of McCain and many of the other POWs became more tolerable,^[52] while McCain continued actively to resist the camp authorities.^[53] McCain and other prisoners cheered the U.S. "Christmas Bombing" campaign of December 1972, viewing it as a forceful measure to push North Vietnam to terms.^[47]^[54] Combatants United States (U.S.) Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) Commanders John W. Vogt, jr. ...

Altogether, McCain was a prisoner of war in North Vietnam for five and a half years. He was released on March 14, 1973.^[55] His wartime injuries left McCain permanently incapable of raising his arms above his head.^[56]

Commanding officer, liaison to Senate, and second marriage

McCain's return to the United States reunited him with his family. His wife Carol had suffered her own crippling ordeal due to an automobile accident in December 1969.^[57] McCain became a celebrity of sorts, as a returned POW.^[57] The early life and military career of John McCain spans the first forty-five years (1936â€“1981) of the life of John Sidney McCain III, a United States Senator from Arizona and the presumptive nominee of the Republican Party in the 2008 U.S. presidential election. ... Carol Shepp McCain (born 1937[1] or 1938[2]) is a former model, Director of the White House Visitors Office, and event planner, who is the ex-wife of United States Senator and presidential candidate John McCain. ...

McCain underwent treatment for his injuries, including months of grueling physical therapy,^[58] and attended the National War College at Fort McNair in Washington, D.C. during 1973–1974.^[59] Having been rehabilitated, by late 1974, McCain had his flight status reinstated, and in 1976 he became commanding officer of a training squadron stationed in Florida.^[57]^[60] He improved the unit's flight readiness and safety records,^[61] and won the squadron its first-ever Meritorious Unit Commendation.^[60] During this period in Florida, McCain had extramarital affairs, and the McCains' marriage began to falter, for which he later would accept blame.^[62]^[63] Physical therapy (or physiotherapy[1]) is the provision of services to people and populations to develop, maintain and restore maximum movement and functional ability throughout the lifespan. ... The National War College (NWC) of the United States is a school in the National Defense University. ... Fort Lesley J. McNair is an American military installation located at the confluence of the Potomac and Anacostia rivers in Washington, District of Columbia, across the Washington Channel from East Potomac Park. ... For other uses, see Washington, D.C. (disambiguation). ... The commanding officer (CO) is the officer in command of a military unit. ... The Meritorious Unit Commendation is a mid-level unit award of the United States military which is awarded to any military command which displays exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding service, heroic deeds, or valorous actions. ...

McCain served as the Navy's liaison to the U.S. Senate beginning in 1977.^[64] In retrospect, he has said that this represented his "real entry into the world of politics and the beginning of my second career as a public servant."^[57] His key behind-the-scenes role gained congressional financing for a new supercarrier against the wishes of the Carter administration.^[58]^[65] The early life and military career of John McCain spans the first forty-five years (1936â€“1981) of the life of John Sidney McCain III, a United States Senator from Arizona and the presumptive nominee of the Republican Party in the 2008 U.S. presidential election. ... USS Enterprise, a supercarrier, and the conventionally-sized aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle USS A supercarrier is a ship belonging to the largest class of aircraft carrier, and generally has a displacement greater than 75,000 tons. ... Order: 39th President Term of Office: January 20, 1977–January 20, 1981 Preceded by: Gerald Ford Succeeded by: Ronald Reagan Date of birth: October 1, 1924 Place of birth: Plains, Georgia Date of death: Place of death: First Lady: Rosalynn Carter Political party: Democratic Vice President: Walter Mondale James Earl...

In April 1979,^[58] McCain met Cindy Lou Hensley, a teacher from Phoenix, Arizona, whose father had founded a large beer distributorship.^[63] They began dating, and he urged his wife Carol to grant him a divorce, which she did in February 1980, with the uncontested divorce taking effect in April 1980.^[20]^[58] The settlement included two houses, and financial support for her ongoing medical treatments due to her 1969 car accident; they would remain on good terms.^[63] McCain and Hensley were married on May 17, 1980, with Senators William Cohen and Gary Hart attending as groomsmen.^[19]^[63] McCain’s children did not attend, and several years would pass before they reconciled.^[22]^[58] John and Cindy McCain entered into a prenuptial agreement that kept most of her family's assets under her name; they would always keep their finances apart and file separate income tax returns.^[66] Cindy Lou Hensley McCain (born Cindy Lou Hensley on May 20, 1954[1]) is the wife of United States Senator and 2000 and 2008 presidential candidate John McCain of Arizona. ... Nickname: Location in Maricopa County and the state of Arizona Coordinates: , Country State County Maricopa Incorporated February 25, 1881 Government - Type Council-Manager - Mayor Phil Gordon (D) Area - City 515. ... James Willis Jim Hensley (born 1920,[1] died June 21, 2000) was an American businessman in the liquor industry, who founded Hensley & Co. ... Hensley & Co. ... William Sebastian Cohen (1940- ) is an author and American politician from the U.S. state of Maine. ... For other persons named Gary Hart, see Gary Hart (disambiguation). ... In a traditional wedding, the wedding party refers to the group of people participating in the ceremony with the bride and groom (formally, bridegroom). ... A prenuptial agreement or antenuptial agreement, commonly abbreviated to prenup or prenupt, is a contract entered into by two people prior to marriage or civil union. ... Tax returns (in the United States) are reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) or with the state or local tax collection agency (California Franchise Tax Board, for example) containing information used to calculate income tax or other taxes. ...

McCain decided to leave the Navy. It was doubtful whether he would ever be promoted to the rank of full admiral, as he had poor annual physicals and had been given no major sea command.^[67] His chances of being promoted to rear admiral were better, but McCain declined that prospect, as he had already made plans to run for Congress and said he could "do more good there."^[68]^[69] McCain retired from the Navy on April 1, 1981^[70] as a captain.^[32] He was designated as disabled and awarded a disability pension.^[71] Upon leaving the military, he moved to Arizona. His 17 military awards and decorations include the Silver Star, Legion of Merit, Distinguished Flying Cross, Bronze Star and Navy Commendation Medal, for actions before, during, and after his time as a POW.^[32] This article does not cite any references or sources. ... In the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Corps and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rear Admiral is considered a Flag rank and is divided into two grades. ... See Captain (disambiguation) for other versions of this rank. ... 1912 Republican campaign postcard charging a Democratic administration would remove pensioners from the rolls A veterans pension is a pension for veterans of the United States armed forces. ... The Silver Star is the fourth highest military decoration that can be awarded to a member of any branch of the United States Armed Forces. ... The Legion of Merit is a military decoration of the United States armed forces that is awarded for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services and achievements. ... For other uses, see Distinguished Flying Cross. ... The Bronze Star Medal is a United States Armed Forces individual military decoration and is the fourth highest award for bravery, heroism or meritorious service. ... The Commendation Medal is a mid-level United States military award which is presented for sustained acts of heroism or meritorious service. ...

House and Senate elections and career, 1982–2000

John Sidney McCain III retired from the United States Navy in April 1981. ... John McCain John McCain is a United States Senator from Arizona and the presumptive Republican nominee for the President of the United States in the 2008 election. ...

U.S. Congressman

McCain set his sights on becoming a Congressman because he was interested in current events, was ready for a new challenge, and had developed political ambitions during his time as Senate liaison.^[63]^[72]^[73] Living in Phoenix, he went to work for Hensley & Co., his new father-in-law Jim Hensley's large Anheuser-Busch beer distributorship.^[63] As Vice President of Public Relations at the distributorship, he gained political support among the local business community, meeting powerful figures such as banker Charles Keating, Jr., real estate developer Fife Symington III and newspaper publisher Darrow "Duke" Tully.^[64]^[74] In 1982, McCain ran as a Republican for an open seat in Arizona's 1st congressional district.^[75] A newcomer to the state, McCain was hit with repeated charges of being a carpetbagger.^[63] McCain responded to a voter making that charge with what a Phoenix Gazette columnist would later describe as "the most devastating response to a potentially troublesome political issue I've ever heard":^[63] John Sidney McCain III retired from the United States Navy in April 1981. ... Hensley & Co. ... James Willis Jim Hensley (born 1920,[1] died June 21, 2000) was an American businessman in the liquor industry, who founded Hensley & Co. ... Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc. ... For other persons named Charles Keating, see Charles Keating (disambiguation). ... John Fife Symington III (born August 12, 1945 in New York City) was the Republican governor of the U.S. state of Arizona from 1991 until his resignation in 1997. ... Arizonas 1st Congressional district is the tenth largest congressional district in the nation. ... In United States history, carpetbaggers were Northerners who moved to the South during Reconstruction between 1865 and 1877. ... The Phoenix Gazette was a newspaper published in Phoenix, Arizona. ...

With the assistance of local political endorsements, his Washington connections, as well as money that his wife lent to his campaign,^[64] McCain won a highly contested primary election.^[63] He then easily won the general election in the heavily Republican district.^[63]

In 1983, McCain was elected to lead the incoming group of Republican representatives,^[63] and was assigned to the House Committee on Interior Affairs. Also that year, he opposed creation of a federal Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, but admitted in 2008: "I was wrong and eventually realized that, in time to give full support [in 1990] for a state holiday in Arizona."^[77]^[78] The U.S. House Committee on Natural Resources, or Natural Resources Committee (often referred to as simply Resources, as in Hes on Resources) is a Congressional committee of the United States House of Representatives. ... Martin Luther King Jr. ...

McCain's politics at this point were mainly in line with President Ronald Reagan, including support for Reaganomics, and he was active on Indian Affairs bills.^[79] He supported most aspects of the foreign policy of the Reagan administration, including its hardline stance against the Soviet Union and policy towards Central American conflicts, such as backing the Contras in Nicaragua.^[79] McCain opposed keeping U.S. Marines deployed in Lebanon citing unattainable objectives, and subsequently criticized President Reagan for pulling out the troops too late; in the interim, the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing killed hundreds.^[63]^[80] McCain won re-election to the House easily in 1984,^[63] and gained a spot on the House Foreign Affairs Committee.^[81] In 1985, he made his first return trip to Vietnam,^[82] and also traveled to Chile where he met with its military junta ruler, General Augusto Pinochet.^[83]^[84]^[85] Reagan redirects here. ... Ronald Reagan, the US president from which Reaganomics derives its name Reaganomics (a blend of Reagan and economics, coined by radio broadcaster Paul Harvey) is a term that has been used to both describe and decry free market advocacy economic policies of U.S. President Ronald Reagan, who served from... His foreign policy labeled President Reagan as the Great Communicator. ... His foreign policy labeled President Reagan as the Great Communicator. ... His foreign policy labeled President Reagan as the Great Communicator. ... For other uses, see Contra. ... The Multinational Force in Lebanon (also MNF) was an international peacekeeping force created in 1982 and sent to Lebanon to oversee the withdrawal of the Palestinian Liberation Organization. ... The 1983 Beirut barracks bombing was a major incident on October 23, 1983, during the Lebanese Civil War. ... The U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs (also known as the House Foreign Affairs Committee, is a standing committee of the United States House of Representatives which is in charge of bills and investigations related to the foreign affairs of the United States. ... Original members of the Junta shortly after taking power. ... Augusto JosÃ© RamÃ³n Pinochet Ugarte[1] (November 25, 1915 â€“ December 10, 2006) was President of Chile from 1974 to 1990, and was the President of the military junta from 1973 to 1981. ...

Growing family

In 1984 McCain and his wife Cindy had their first child together, daughter Meghan. She was followed two years later by son John Sidney McCain IV (known as Jack), and in 1988 by son James (Jimmy).^[86] In 1991, Cindy McCain brought an abandoned three-month old girl needing medical treatment to the U.S. from a Bangladeshi orphanage run by Mother Teresa.^[87] The McCains decided to adopt her, and named her Bridget.^[88] Meghan McCain (born 1984[2]) is an American blogger, aspiring fashion designer,[3] and the daughter of U.S. Senator and 2008 presumptive Republican presidential nominee John McCain. ... Mother Teresa (born Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu IPA: ) (August 26, 1910 â€“ September 5, 1997) was a Roman Catholic nun who founded the Missionaries of Charity and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 for her humanitarian work. ...

First two terms in U.S. Senate

McCain's Senate career began in January 1987, after he defeated his Democratic opponent, former state legislator Richard Kimball, by 20 percentage points in the 1986 election.^[64]^[89] McCain succeeded longtime American conservative icon and Arizona fixture Barry Goldwater upon the latter's retirement as United States Senator from Arizona.^[89] John Sidney McCain III retired from the United States Navy in April 1981. ... Richard Kimball is an American politician, and president of the non-profit Project Vote Smart. ... Conservatism in the United States comprises a constellation of political ideologies including fiscal conservatism, free market or economic liberalism, social conservatism,[1] bioconservatism and religious conservatism,[2][3] as well as support for a strong military,[4] small government and promotion of states rights. ... Barry Morris Goldwater (January 1, 1909 â€“ May 29, 1998) was a five-term United States Senator from Arizona (1953â€“1965, 1969â€“87) and the Republican Partys nominee for president in the 1964 election. ... Arizona was admitted to the Union on February 14 1912. ...

Senator McCain became a member of the Armed Services Committee, with which he had formerly done his Navy liaison work; he also joined the Commerce Committee and the Indian Affairs Committee.^[89] McCain continued to support the Native American agenda.^[90] As first a House member and then a senator – and as a life-long gambler with close ties to the gambling industry^[91] – McCain was one of the main authors of the 1988 Indian Gaming Regulatory Act,^[92]^[93] which codified rules regarding Native American gambling enterprises.^[94] McCain was also a strong supporter of the Gramm-Rudman legislation that enforced automatic spending cuts in the case of budget deficits.^[95] Reagan redirects here. ... Nancy Davis Reagan (born Anne Frances Robbins on July 6, 1921) is the widow of the former United States President Ronald Reagan and was First Lady of the United States from 1981 to 1989. ... The Committee on Armed Services is a committee of the United States Senate empowered with legislative oversight of the nations military, including the Department of Defense, military research and development, nuclear energy (as pertaining to national security), benefits for members of the military, the Selective Service System and other... The Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation is a standing committee of the United States Senate in charge of all senate matters related to the following subjects: Coast Guard Coastal zone management Communications Highway safety Inland waterways, except construction Interstate commerce Marine and ocean navigation, safety, and transportation Marine... The United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs is responsible for dealing with matters related to the American Indian, Native Hawaiian, and Alaska Native peoples. ... This article is about the people indigenous to the United States and their history after European contact, chiefly in what is now the United States. ... Gamble redirects here. ... The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (Pub. ... // Native American gambling enterprises comprise gambling businesses operated on Indian reservations or tribal land, which have limited sovereignty and therefore the ability to exist outside of direct state regulation. ... The Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, and the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Reaffirmation Act of 1987 (both often known as Graham-Rudman) were, according to U.S. Senator Phil Gramm of Texas, the first binding constraint imposed on...

McCain soon gained national visibility. He delivered a well-received speech at the 1988 Republican National Convention, was mentioned by the press as a short list vice-presidential running mate for Republican nominee George H. W. Bush, and was named chairman of Veterans for Bush.^[96]^[89] Ronald and Nancy Reagan at the podium on August 15, 1988. ... A short list is a list of candidates for a job, prize, award, political position, etc. ... George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) was the 41st President of the United States, serving from 1989 to 1993. ...

McCain became enmeshed in a scandal during the 1980s as one of five United States Senators comprising the so-called Keating Five.^[97] Between 1982 and 1987, McCain had received $112,000 in lawful^[98] political contributions from Charles Keating Jr. and his associates at Lincoln Savings and Loan Association, along with trips on Keating's jets^[97] that McCain belatedly repaid in 1989.^[99] In 1987, McCain was one of the five senators whom Keating contacted in order to prevent the government's seizure of Lincoln, and McCain met twice with federal regulators to discuss the government's investigation of Lincoln.^[97] In 1999, McCain said: "The appearance of it was wrong. It's a wrong appearance when a group of senators appear in a meeting with a group of regulators, because it conveys the impression of undue and improper influence. And it was the wrong thing to do."^[100] In the end, McCain was cleared by the Senate Ethics Committee of acting improperly or violating any law or Senate rule, but was mildly rebuked for exercising "poor judgment".^[100]^[98] In his 1992 re-election bid, the Keating Five affair was not a major issue,^[101] and he won handily, gaining 56 percent of the vote to defeat Democratic community and civil rights activist Claire Sargent and independent former Governor Evan Mecham.^[102] John Sidney McCain III retired from the United States Navy in April 1981. ... The Keating Five (or Keating Five Scandal) refers to a Congressional scandal related to the collapse of most of the Savings and Loan institutions in the United States in the late 1980s. ... For other persons named Charles Keating, see Charles Keating (disambiguation). ... â€¹ The template below (Expand) is being considered for deletion. ... The U.S. Senate Select Committee on Ethics is a select committee of the United States Senate charged with dealing with matters related to senatorial ethics. ... Civil rights or positive rights are those legal rights retained by citizens and protected by the government. ... Evan Mecham (IPA: ; born May 12, 1924) was the 19th Governor of Arizona. ...

McCain developed a reputation for independence during the 1990s.^[103] He took pride in challenging party leadership and establishment forces, becoming difficult to categorize politically.^[103] For other ships of the same name, see USS John S. McCain. ... Bath Iron Works from NAS Brunswick photo gallery Bath Iron Works (BIW) is a shipyard located on the Kennebec River in Bath, Maine. ... Roberta McCain (born 1912) is the widow of Admiral John S. McCain, Jr. ... Cindy Lou Hensley McCain (born Cindy Lou Hensley on May 20, 1954[1]) is the wife of United States Senator and 2000 and 2008 presidential candidate John McCain of Arizona. ... John Sidney McCain III retired from the United States Navy in April 1981. ...

As a member of the 1991–1993 Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs, chaired by Democrat and fellow Vietnam War veteran John Kerry, McCain investigated the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue, to determine the fate of U.S. service personnel listed as missing in action during the Vietnam War.^[104] The committee's unanimous report stated there was "no compelling evidence that proves that any American remains alive in captivity in Southeast Asia."^[105] Helped by McCain's efforts, in 1995 the U.S. normalized diplomatic relations with Vietnam.^[106] McCain was vilified by some POW/MIA activists who, unlike the Arizona senator, believed large numbers of Americans were still held against their will in Southeast Asia.^[106]^[107]^[108] Since January 1993, McCain has been Chairman of the International Republican Institute, an organization partly funded by the U.S. Government that supports the emergence of political democracy worldwide.^[109] The Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs was a special committee convened by the United States Senate during the George H. W. Bush administration (1989 to 1993) to investigate the fate of United States service personnel listed as missing in action during the Vietnam War. ... John Forbes Kerry (born December 11, 1943) is the junior United States Senator from Massachusetts, in his fourth term of office. ... The Vietnam War POW/MIA issue concerns the fate of United States servicemen who were reported as missing in action during the Vietnam War and associated theaters of operation in Southeast Asia. ... MIA is a three-letter acronym that is most commonly used to designate a combatant who is Missing In Action, and has not yet returned or otherwise been accounted for as either dead (KIA) or a prisoner of war (POW). ... The International Republican Institute (IRI) is a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization. ...

In 1993 and 1994, McCain voted to confirm President Clinton's nominees Stephen Breyer and Ruth Bader Ginsburg whom he considered to be qualified for the U.S. Supreme Court. He would later explain that "under our Constitution, it is the president's call to make."^[110] McCain had also voted to confirm nominees of Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush, including Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas.^[111] Stephen Gerald Breyer (born August 15, 1938) is an American attorney, political figure, and jurist. ... Ruth Joan Bader Ginsburg (born March 15, 1933, Brooklyn, New York) is an Associate Justice on the U.S. Supreme Court. ... The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C. The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C., (large image) The Supreme Court of the United States, located in Washington, D.C., is the highest court (see supreme court) in the United States; that is, it has ultimate judicial authority within the United States... Robert Heron Bork (born March 1, 1927) is a conservative American legal scholar who advocates the judicial philosophy of originalism. ... Clarence Thomas (born June 23, 1948) is an American jurist and has been an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States since 1991. ...

McCain attacked what he saw as the corrupting influence of large political contributions – from corporations, labor unions, other organizations, and wealthy individuals – and he made this his signature issue.^[112] Starting in 1994, he worked with Democratic Wisconsin Senator Russ Feingold on campaign finance reform; their McCain-Feingold bill attempted to put limits on "soft money".^[112] The efforts of McCain and Feingold were opposed by some of the moneyed interests targeted, by incumbents in both parties, by those who felt spending limits impinged on free political speech and might be unconstitutional as well, and by those who wanted to counterbalance the power of what they saw as media bias.^[112]^[113] Despite sympathetic coverage in the media, initial versions of the McCain-Feingold Act were filibustered and never came to a vote.^[114] Russell Dana Russ Feingold (born March 2, 1953) is an American politician from the U.S. state of Wisconsin. ... Political campaign Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box: Campaign finance reform is the common term for the political effort in the United States to change the involvement of money in politics, primarily in political campaigns. ... Soft money refers to money used to advance a particular political campaign in such a manner as to skirt the legal limits on how much money individuals or organizations are allowed to contribute to political campaigns (termed hard money). ... The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA) is U.S. Congressional legislation which regulates the financing of political campaigns. ... As a form of obstructionism in a legislature or other decision making body, a filibuster is an attempt to extend debate upon a proposal in order to delay or completely prevent a vote on its passage. ...

The term "maverick Republican" became a label frequently applied to McCain, and he has also used it himself.^[112]^[115]^[116] In 1993, McCain opposed military operations in Somalia.^[117] Another target of his was pork barrel spending by Congress, and he actively supported the Line Item Veto Act of 1996, which gave the president power to veto individual spending items^[112] but was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1998.^[118] Combatants United States Habar Gedir other Mogadishu local militia Commanders Maj. ... A pork barrel, literally, is a barrel in which pork is kept. ... The Line Item Veto Act of 1996 enacted a line-item veto for the Federal Government of the United States, but its effect was brief due to judicial review. ... The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C. The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C., (large image) The Supreme Court of the United States, located in Washington, D.C., is the highest court (see supreme court) in the United States; that is, it has ultimate judicial authority within the United States...

In the 1996 presidential election, McCain was again on the short list of possible vice-presidential picks, this time for Republican nominee Bob Dole.^[119]^[101] The following year, Time magazine named McCain as one of the "25 Most Influential People in America".^[120] Presidential electoral votes. ... A short list is a list of candidates for a job, prize, award, political position, etc. ... Â§ Robert Joseph Dole (born July 22, 1923) was a United States Senator from Kansas from 1969-1996, serving part of that time as United States Senate Majority Leader. ... TIME redirects here. ...

In 1997, McCain became chairman of the powerful Senate Commerce Committee; he was criticized for accepting funds from corporations and businesses under the committee's purview, but in response said the small contributions he received were not part of the big-money nature of the campaign finance problem.^[112] McCain took on the tobacco industry in 1998, proposing legislation that would increase cigarette taxes in order to fund anti-smoking campaigns, discourage teenage smokers, increase money for health research studies, and help states pay for smoking-related health care costs.^[112]^[121] Supported by the Clinton administration but opposed by the industry and most Republicans, the bill failed to gain cloture.^[121] The tobacco industry comprises those persons and companies engaged in the growth, preparation for sale, shipment, advertisement, and distribution of tobacco and tobacco-related products. ... President Clintons Cabinet, circa 1993 Headed by President of the United States Bill Clinton, the Clinton Administation was the executive branch of the federal government of the United States from 1993 to 2001. ... In parliamentary procedure, cloture (pr: KLO-cher) (also called closure, and sometimes a guillotine) is a motion or process aimed at bringing debate to a quick end. ...

Start of third term in the U.S. Senate

McCain won re-election to a third senate term in November 1998, prevailing in a landslide over his Democratic opponent, environmental lawyer Ed Ranger.^[112] In the February 1999 Senate trial in the impeachment of Bill Clinton, McCain voted to convict the president on both the perjury and obstruction of justice counts, saying Clinton had violated his sworn oath of office.^[122] In March 1999, McCain voted to approve the NATO bombing campaign against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, saying that the ongoing genocide of the Kosovo War must be stopped and criticizing past Clinton administration inaction.^[123] Later in 1999, McCain shared the Profile in Courage Award with Feingold for their work in trying to enact their campaign finance reform,^[124] although the bill was still failing repeated attempts to gain cloture.^[114] The impeachment trial of President Clinton in 1999, Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist presiding. ... Perjury is the act of lying or making verifiably false statements on a material matter under oath or affirmation in a court of law or in any of various sworn statements in writing. ... Modern Obstruction of Justice, in a common law state, refers to the crime of offering interference of any sort to the work of police, investigators, regulatory agencies, prosecutors, or other (usually government) officials. ... Belligerents NATO (USAF, RAF, and other air, maritime and land forces) Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Serbian and Montenegrin paramilitary and allied foreign volunteer forces[1] Commanders Wesley Clark (SACEUR) Javier Solana (Secretary General of NATO) Slobodan MiloÅ¡eviÄ‡ (Supreme Commander of the Yugoslav Army), Dragoljub OjdaniÄ‡ (Chief of Staff), Svetozar... The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts (a civil war followed by an international war) in the southern Serbian province called Kosovo (officially Kosovo and Metohia), part of the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. ... The Profile in Courage Award is an award given to someone who displays the type of courage that John F. Kennedy described in his book of the same name. ...

In August 1999, McCain's memoir Faith of My Fathers, co-authored with Mark Salter, was published;^[125] a reviewer observed that its appearance "seems to have been timed to the unfolding Presidential campaign."^[126] The most successful of his writings, it received positive reviews,^[127] became a bestseller,^[128] and was later made into a TV film. The book traces McCain's family background and childhood, covers his time at Annapolis and his service before and during the Vietnam War, concluding with his release from captivity in 1973. According to one reviewer, it describes "the kind of challenges that most of us can barely imagine. It's a fascinating history of a remarkable military family."^[129] Faith of My Fathers is a 1999 book by United States Senator John McCain with Mark Salter. ... Mark Salter is an American author from Davenport, Iowa known for his collaborations with United States Senator John McCain on several nonfiction works. ... Faith of My Fathers is a 2005 American television film, directed by Peter Markle. ...

2000 presidential campaign

McCain announced his candidacy for president on September 27, 1999 in Nashua, New Hampshire, saying he was staging "a fight to take our government back from the power brokers and special interests, and return it to the people and the noble cause of freedom it was created to serve".^[130]^[125] The leader for the Republican nomination was Texas Governor George W. Bush, who had the political and financial support of most of the party establishment.^[131] John McCain, the United States Senator from Arizona, launched his first candidacy for the presidency of the United States in the 2000 presidential election. ... Nickname: Location in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire Coordinates: , Country State County Hillsborough Incorporated 1746 Government - Mayor Donnalee Lozeau Area - Total 31. ... In politics, Governor of Texas is the title given to the chief executive of the state of Texas. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the forty-third and current President of the United States of America, originally inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ...

McCain focused on the New Hampshire primary, where his message appealed to independents.^[132] He traveled on a campaign bus called the Straight Talk Express.^[125] He held many town hall meetings, answering every question voters asked, in a successful example of "retail politics", and he used free media to compensate for his lack of funds.^[125] One reporter later recounted that, "McCain talked all day long with reporters on his Straight Talk Express bus; he talked so much that sometimes he said things that he shouldn't have, and that's why the media loved him."^[133] On February 1, 2000, he won New Hampshire's primary with 49 percent of the vote to Bush's 30 percent. The Bush campaign and the Republican establishment feared that a McCain victory in the crucial South Carolina primary might give his campaign unstoppable momentum.^[134]^[125] The New Hampshire primary is the first in a series of nationwide political party primary elections held in the United States every four years, as part of the process of choosing the Democratic and Republican nominees for the presidential elections to be held the subsequent November. ... A campaign bus is a bus used as both a vehicle and a center of operations in a political campaign. ... Town Hall Meeting is a concept which originated in New England when everybody in the town showed up to speak their piece and then vote on an issue. ... The South Carolina presidential primary has become one of several key early state nominating contests in the process of choosing nominees of the Democratic and Republican parties for the following election for President of the United States. ...

The Arizona Republic would write that the McCain–Bush primary contest in South Carolina "has entered national political lore as a low-water mark in presidential campaigns", while The New York Times called it "a painful symbol of the brutality of American politics".^[125]^[135]^[136] A variety of interest groups that McCain had challenged in the past ran negative ads.^[125]^[137] Bush borrowed McCain's earlier language of reform,^[138] and declined to dissociate himself from a veterans activist who accused McCain (in Bush's presence) of having "abandoned the veterans" on POW/MIA and Agent Orange issues.^[125]^[139] The Arizona Republic is a newspaper published in Phoenix, Arizona. ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... For other uses, see Agent Orange (disambiguation). ...

Incensed,^[139] McCain ran ads accusing Bush of lying and comparing the governor to Bill Clinton, which Bush said was "about as low a blow as you can give in a Republican primary".^[125] An anonymous smear campaign began against McCain, delivered by push polls, faxes, e-mails, flyers, and audience plants.^[125]^[141] The smears claimed that McCain had fathered a black child out of wedlock (the McCains' dark-skinned daughter was adopted from Bangladesh), that his wife Cindy was a drug addict, that he was a homosexual, and that he was a "Manchurian Candidate" who was either a traitor or mentally unstable from his North Vietnam POW days.^[125]^[135] The Bush campaign strongly denied any involvement with the attacks.^[135] A Gallup Poll is an opinion poll conducted by The Gallup Organization and frequently used by the mass media for representing public opinion. ... William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III[1] on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ... A push poll is a political campaign technique in which an individual or organization attempts to influence or alter the view of respondents under the guise of conducting a poll. ... A shill is an associate of a person selling goods or services who pretends no association to the seller and assumes the air of an enthusiastic customer. ... The Manchurian Candidate is a 1959 thriller novel written by Richard Condon, later adapted into films in 1962 and 2004. ...

McCain lost South Carolina on February 19, with 42 percent of the vote to Bush's 53 percent,^[142] in part because Bush mobilized the state's evangelical voters^[125]^[143] and outspent McCain.^[144] The win allowed Bush to regain lost momentum.^[142] McCain would say of the rumor spreaders, "I believe that there is a special place in hell for people like those."^[88] According to one report, the South Carolina experience left McCain in a "very dark place".^[135]

McCain's campaign never completely recovered from his South Carolina defeat, although he did rebound partially by winning in Arizona and Michigan a few days later.^[145] He made a speech in Virginia Beach that criticized Christian leaders, including Pat Robertson and Jerry Falwell, as divisive conservatives,^[135] declaring "... we embrace the fine members of the religious conservative community. But that does not mean that we will pander to their self-appointed leaders."^[146] McCain lost the Virginia primary on February 29,^[147] and on March 7 lost nine of the thirteen primaries on Super Tuesday to Bush.^[148] With little hope of overcoming Bush's delegate lead, McCain withdrew from the race on March 9, 2000.^[149] He endorsed Bush two months later,^[150] and made occasional appearances with the Texas governor during the general election campaign.^[125] Official language(s) English Spoken language(s) English 74. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Part of the Virginia Beach oceanfront resort strip. ... Marion Gordon Pat Robertson (born March 22, 1930) is a televangelist from the United States. ... This article is about Jerry Falwell, Sr. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... In the United States, Super Tuesday commonly refers to a Tuesday in early March of a presidential election year. ...

Senate career after 2000

John Sidney McCain III ran for President of the United States in the 2000 presidential campaign, but failed to gain the Republican Party nomination. ...

Remainder of third Senate term

McCain began 2001 by breaking with the new George W. Bush administration on a number of matters, including HMO reform, climate change, and gun legislation; McCain-Feingold was opposed by Bush as well.^[151]^[114] In May 2001, McCain was one of only two Senate Republicans to vote against the Bush tax cuts.^[151]^[152] Besides the differences with Bush on ideological grounds, there was considerable antagonism between the two remaining from the previous year's campaign.^[153]^[154] Later, when Republican Senator Jim Jeffords became an Independent, throwing control of the Senate to the Democrats, McCain defended Jeffords against "self-appointed enforcers of party loyalty".^[151] Indeed, there was speculation at the time, and in years since, about McCain himself leaving the Republican Party, but McCain has always adamantly denied that he ever considered doing so.^[155]^[151]^[156] Beginning in 2001, McCain used political capital gained from his presidential run, as well as improved legislative skills and relationships with other members, to become one of the Senate's most influential members.^[157] The Presidency of George W. Bush, also known as the George W. Bush Administration, began on his inauguration on January 20, 2001 as the 43rd and current President of the United States of America. ... HMO can mean the following: Health maintenance organization Houses in multiple occupation Home Media Option (Tivo) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA, McCainâ€“Feingold Act, Pub. ... The Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 was a sweeping piece of tax legislation in the United States. ... For other persons named Jim Jeffords, see Jim Jeffords (disambiguation). ... This article concerns places that serve as centers of government and politics. ...

After the September 11, 2001 attacks, McCain supported Bush and the U.S.-led war in Afghanistan.^[151]^[158] He and then-Democratic Senator Joe Lieberman wrote the legislation that created the 9/11 Commission,^[159] while he and Democratic Senator Fritz Hollings co-sponsored the Aviation and Transportation Security Act that federalized airport security.^[160] A pork barrel, literally, is a barrel in which pork is kept. ... A sequential look at United Flight 175 crashing into the south tower of the World Trade Center The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11â€”pronounced nine eleven or nine one one) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist[1] suicide attacks upon the United States, predominantly... For other uses of War in Afghanistan, see War in Afghanistan. ... Joseph Isadore Joe Lieberman (born February 24, 1942) is a United States Senator from Connecticut. ... The commissions seal Not to be confused with 9/11 Commission Report. ... Ernest Frederick Fritz Hollings (born January 1, 1922) was a Democratic United States Senator from South Carolina from 1966 to January 3, 2005. ... The Aviation and Transportation Security Act (ATSA) was written into law by the 107th US Congress in the immediate aftermath of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. ... Baggage is scanned using X-ray machines, passengers walk through metal detectors Baggage screening monitoring at Bangkok Suvarnabhumi Airport Airport security refers to the techniques and methods used in protecting airports and by extension aircraft from crime and terrorism. ...

In March 2002, McCain-Feingold passed in both Houses of Congress and was signed into law by President Bush.^[114]^[151] Seven years in the making, it was McCain's greatest legislative achievement.^[151]^[161] The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA) is U.S. Congressional legislation which regulates the financing of political campaigns. ...

Meanwhile, in discussions over proposed U.S. action against Iraq, McCain was a strong supporter of the Bush administration's position.^[151] He stated that Iraq was "a clear and present danger to the United States of America", and voted accordingly for the Iraq War Resolution in October 2002.^[151] He predicted that U.S. forces would be treated as liberators by a large number of the Iraqi people.^[162] In May 2003, McCain voted against the second round of Bush tax cuts, saying it was unwise at a time of war.^[152] By November 2003, after a trip to Iraq, he was publicly questioning Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, saying that more U.S. troops were needed; the following year, McCain announced that he had lost confidence in Rumsfeld.^[163]^[164] Iraq Resolution and Iraq War Resolution are popular names for the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002 (Public law 107-243, 116 Stat. ... Donald Henry Rumsfeld (born July 9, 1932) is a businessman, a U.S. Republican politician, the 13th Secretary of Defense under President Gerald Ford from 1975 to 1977, and the 21st Secretary of Defense under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2006. ...

In October 2003, McCain and Lieberman co-sponsored the Climate Stewardship Act that would have introduced a cap and trade system aimed at returning greenhouse gas emissions to 2000 levels; the bill was defeated with 55 votes to 43 in the Senate.^[165] They reintroduced modified versions of the Act two additional times, most recently in January 2007 with the co-sponsorship of Barack Obama, among others.^[166] The Climate Stewardship Acts are a series of three acts introduced to the United States Senate by Senator John McCain (R-AZ) and Senator Joseph Lieberman (ID-CT), with a number of other co-sponsors. ... Emissions trading is a proposed economic solution to air pollution. ... Greenhouse gases are gaseous components of the atmosphere that contribute to the greenhouse effect. ... Barack and Obama redirect here. ...

In the 2004 U.S. presidential election campaign, McCain was once again frequently mentioned for the vice-presidential slot, only this time as part of the Democratic ticket under nominee John Kerry.^[167]^[168]^[169] McCain said that Kerry had never formally offered him the position and that he would not have accepted it if he had.^[168]^[169]^[170] At the 2004 Republican National Convention, McCain supported Bush for re-election, praising Bush's management of the War on Terror since the September 11 attacks.^[171] At the same time, the Senator defended Kerry's Vietnam war record.^[172] By August 2004, McCain had the best favorable-to-unfavorable rating (55 percent to 19 percent) of any national politician;^[171] he campaigned for Bush much more than he had four years previously, though the two remained situational allies rather than friends.^[153] The United States presidential election of 2004 was held on Tuesday, November 2, 2004 to elect the president. ... John Forbes Kerry (born December 11, 1943) is the junior United States Senator from Massachusetts, in his fourth term of office. ... 2004 Republican National Convention Logo President George W. Bush and Vice President Dick Cheney accepted their partys nomination to run for second terms. ... This article is about U.S. actions, and those of other states, after September 11, 2001. ...

McCain was also up for re-election as Senator in 2004. He defeated little-known Democratic schoolteacher Stuart Starky with his biggest margin of victory, garnering 77 percent of the vote.^[173] Stuart Marc Stu Starky (born March 13, 1957) is a United States politician from Arizona, who ran unsuccessfully as a Democratic nominee for the State Senate, United States House of Representatives and United States Senate. ...

Start of fourth Senate term

In May 2005, McCain led the so-called "Gang of 14" in the Senate, which established a compromise that preserved the ability of senators to filibuster judicial nominees, but only in "extraordinary circumstances".^[174] The compromise took the steam out of the filibuster movement, but some Republicans remained disappointed that the compromise did not eliminate filibusters of judicial nominees in all circumstances.^[175] McCain subsequently cast Supreme Court confirmation votes in favor of John Roberts and Samuel Alito, calling them "two of the finest justices ever appointed to the United States Supreme Court."^[111] For other uses, see Earmark. ... The Gang of 14 (sometimes called the Mod Squad, with mod standing for moderate) was a term coined to describe the bipartisan group of moderate Senators who successfully negotiated a compromise to avoid the deployment of the so-called nuclear option over the organized use of the filibuster by Senate... The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C. The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C., (large image) The Supreme Court of the United States, located in Washington, D.C., is the highest court (see supreme court) in the United States; that is, it has ultimate judicial authority within the United States... The Honorable John Glover Roberts, Jr. ... Samuel Anthony Alito, Jr. ...

Breaking from his 2001 and 2003 votes, McCain supported the Bush tax cut extension in May 2006, saying not to do so would amount to a tax increase.^[152] Working with Democratic Senator Ted Kennedy, McCain was a strong proponent of comprehensive immigration reform, which would involve legalization, guest worker programs, and border enforcement components. The Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act was never voted on in 2005, while the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006 passed the Senate in May 2006 but failed in the House.^[164] In June 2007, President Bush, McCain, and others made the strongest push yet for such a bill, the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007, but it aroused intense grassroots opposition among talk radio listeners and others, some of whom furiously characterized the proposal as an "amnesty" program,^[176] and the bill twice failed to gain cloture in the Senate.^[177] The Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-222) was enacted on May 17, 2006. ... For other persons named Ted Kennedy, see Ted Kennedy (disambiguation). ... Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act (McCain-Kennedy Bill, S. 1033) was a comprehensive immigration reform bill introduced in the United States Senate on May 12, 2005, which was the first of its kind since the early 2000s in incorporating legalization, guest worker programs, border enforcement components. ... For the 2007 act, see Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007. ... The Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007, or, in its full name, the Secure Borders, Economic Opportunity and Immigration Reform Act of 2007 (S. 1348) was a bill discussed in the 110th United States Congress that would have provided legal status and a path to legal citizenship for the approximately...

By the mid-2000s, the increased Indian gaming that McCain had helped bring about was a $23 billion industry.^[93] He was twice chairman of the Senate Indian Affairs Committee, in 1995–1997 and 2005–2007, and his Committee helped expose the Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal.^[178]^[179] By 2005 and 2006, McCain was pushing for amendments to the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act that would limit creation of off-reservation casinos,^[93] as well as limiting the movement of tribes across state lines to build casinos.^[180] In 1987 the U.S. Supreme Court recognized that as sovereign political entities, Native American tribes could operate gaming facilities free of state regulation. ... The United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs is responsible for dealing with matters related to the American Indian, Native Hawaiian, and Alaska Native peoples. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (Pub. ...

Owing to his time as a POW, McCain has been recognized for his sensitivity to the detention and interrogation of detainees in the War on Terror. In October 2005, McCain introduced the McCain Detainee Amendment to the Defense Appropriations bill for 2005, and the Senate voted 90–9 to support the amendment.^[181] It prohibits inhumane treatment of prisoners, including prisoners at Guantanamo Bay, by confining military interrogations to the techniques in the U.S. Army Field Manual on Interrogation. Although Bush had threatened to veto the bill if McCain's amendment was included,^[182] the President announced in December 2005 that he accepted McCain's terms and would "make it clear to the world that this government does not torture and that we adhere to the international convention of torture, whether it be here at home or abroad".^[183] This stance, among others, led to McCain being named by Time magazine in 2006 as one of America's 10 Best Senators.^[184] McCain voted in February 2008 against a bill containing a ban on waterboarding,^[185] which provision was later narrowly passed and vetoed by Bush. However, the bill in question contained other provisions to which McCain objected, and his spokesman stated: "This wasn't a vote on waterboarding. This was a vote on applying the standards of the [Army] field manual to CIA personnel."^[185] Baghdad (Arabic: ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate. ... David Howell Petraeus (born November 7, 1952) is a general in the United States Army and commander of Multi-National Force - Iraq (MNF-I), the four-star post that oversees all U.S. forces in the country. ... This article is about the U.S.-led campaign against the spread of terrorism. ... The McCain Detainee Amendment was an amendment to the United States Senate Department of Defense Authorization bill, commonly referred to as the Amendment on (1) the Army Field Manual and (2) Cruel, Inhumane, Degrading Treatment, amendment #1977 and also known as the McCain Amendment 1977. ... Detainees upon arrival at Camp X-Ray, January 2002 GuantÃ¡namo Bay detainment camp serves as a joint military prison and interrogation center under the leadership of Joint Task Force Guantanamo (JTF-GTMO), has occupied a portion of the United States Navys base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba since 2002. ... The US Army Field Manual on Interrogation, sometimes known by the code FM 34-52, is a 177 page manual describing to military interrogators how to conduct effective interrogations while conforming with US and international law. ... TIME redirects here. ... Painting of waterboarding at Cambodias Tuol Sleng Prison, by former inmate Vann Nath. ...

Meanwhile, McCain continued questioning the progress of the war in Iraq. In September 2005, he remarked upon Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Richard Myers' optimistic outlook on the war's progress: "Things have not gone as well as we had planned or expected, nor as we were told by you, General Myers."^[186] In August 2006, he criticized the administration for continually understating the effectiveness of the insurgency: "We [have] not told the American people how tough and difficult this could be."^[164] From the beginning, McCain strongly supported the Iraq troop surge of 2007.^[187] The strategy's opponents labeled it "McCain's plan"^[188] and University of Virginia political science professor Larry Sabato said, "McCain owns Iraq just as much as Bush does now."^[164] The surge and the war were unpopular during most of the year, even within the Republican Party,^[189] as McCain's presidential campaign was underway; faced with the consequences, McCain frequently responded, "I would much rather lose a campaign than a war."^[190] In March 2008, McCain credited the surge strategy with reducing violence in Iraq, as he made his eighth trip to that country since the war began.^[191] The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is by law the highest ranking military officer of the United States military, and the principal military advisor to the President of the United States. ... General Richard B. Myers General Richard Bowman Myers (born March 1, 1942) of the United States Air Force is a former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Americas highest ranking military officer. ... The New Way Forward redirects here. ... The University of Virginia (also called U.Va. ... Larry J. Sabato is the Robert Kent Gooch Professor of Politics at the University of Virginia and is director of their Center for Politics. ...

2008 presidential campaign

John McCain formally announced his intention to run for President of the United States on April 25, 2007 in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.^[192] He stated that: "I'm not running for President to be somebody, but to do something; to do the hard but necessary things not the easy and needless things."^[193] He also said that the United States should never fight a war without fully committing the necessary resources, unlike what initially occurred in Iraq.^[193] John McCain, the senior American United States Senator from Arizona, staged his second candidacy for the presidency of the United States for the 2008 presidential election. ... Location in Rockingham County, New Hampshire Coordinates: , Country State County Rockingham County Incorporated 1653 Government - Mayor Steve Marchand - City manager John P. Bohenko Area - City 16. ... Location in Rockingham County, New Hampshire Coordinates: , Country State County Rockingham County Incorporated 1653 Government - Mayor Steve Marchand - City manager John P. Bohenko Area - City 16. ...

McCain's oft-cited strengths as a presidential candidate for 2008 included national name recognition, sponsorship of major lobbying and campaign finance reform initiatives, his well-known military service and experience as a POW, his experience from the 2000 presidential campaign, and an expectation that he would capture Bush's top fundraisers.^[194] During the 2006 election cycle, McCain had attended 346 events^[56] and helped raise more than $10.5 million on behalf of Republican candidates. McCain also became more willing to ask business and industry for campaign contributions, while maintaining that such contributions would not affect any official decisions he would make.^[195] Despite being considered the front-runner for the nomination by pundits as 2007 began,^[196] McCain was in second place behind former Mayor of New York City Rudy Giuliani in national Republican polls as the year progressed. For a list of the Dutch Director-Generals who governed New Amsterdam (as New York City was called when it was a Dutch-run settlement) between 1624 and 1664, see: Director-General of New Netherland. ... Rudolph William Louis Rudy Giuliani (pronounced ;[1] born May 28, 1944) is an American lawyer, businessman, and politician from the state of New York who was Mayor of New York City from 1994 to 2001. ... Main article: Opinion polling for the United States presidential election, 2008 This article is a collection of nation-wide public opinion polls that have been conducted relating to the 2008 Republican presidential candidates, typically using standard statistical methodology. ...

McCain had fundraising problems in the first half of 2007, due in part to his support for the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007, which was unpopular among the Republican base electorate.^[197]^[198] Large-scale campaign staff downsizing took place in early July, but McCain said that he was not considering dropping out of the race.^[198] Later that month, the candidate's campaign manager and campaign chief strategist both departed.^[199] McCain slumped badly in national polls, often running third or fourth with 15 percent or less support. The Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007, or, in its full name, the Secure Borders, Economic Opportunity and Immigration Reform Act of 2007 (S. 1348) was a bill discussed in the 110th United States Congress that would have provided legal status and a path to legal citizenship for the approximately... Main article: Opinion polling for the United States presidential election, 2008 This article is a collection of nation-wide public opinion polls that have been conducted relating to the 2008 Republican presidential candidates, typically using standard statistical methodology. ...

The Arizona senator subsequently resumed his familiar position as a political underdog,^[200] riding the Straight Talk Express and taking advantage of free media such as debates and sponsored events.^[201] By December 2007, the Republican race was unsettled, with none of the top-tier candidates dominating the race and all of them possessing major vulnerabilities with different elements of the Republican base electorate.^[202] McCain was showing a resurgence, in particular with renewed strength in New Hampshire – the scene of his 2000 triumph – and was bolstered further by the endorsements of The Boston Globe, the New Hampshire Union Leader, and almost two dozen other state newspapers,^[203] as well as from Independent Democratic Senator Joe Lieberman.^[204]^[205] McCain decided not to campaign significantly in the January 3, 2008, Iowa caucuses, which saw a win by former Governor of Arkansas Mike Huckabee. George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the forty-third and current President of the United States of America, originally inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ... An underdog is a person or group in a competition, frequently in electoral politics, sports, and creative works, who is popularly expected to lose. ... The Boston Globe (and Boston Sunday Globe) is the most widely circulated daily newspaper in Boston, Massachusetts and New England. ... The New Hampshire Union Leader is the daily newspaper of Manchester, the largest city in the state of New Hampshire. ... For the Iraqi electoral formation led by Adnan Pachachi, see Assembly of Independent Democrats. ... Joseph Isadore Joe Lieberman (born February 24, 1942) is a United States Senator from Connecticut. ... The 2008 Iowa Republican caucuses are an unofficial primary, with the delegates to the state convention selected proportionally via a straw poll. ... This is a list of governors of Arkansas. ... Huckabee redirects here. ...

McCain's comeback plan paid off when he won the New Hampshire primary on January 8, defeating former Governor of Massachusetts Mitt Romney in a close contest, to once again become one of the front-runners in the race.^[206] In mid-January, McCain placed first in the South Carolina primary, narrowly defeating Mike Huckabee.^[207] Pundits credited the third-place finisher, Tennessee's former U.S. Senator Fred Thompson, with drawing votes from Huckabee in South Carolina, thereby giving a narrow win to McCain.^[208] A week later, McCain won the Florida primary,^[209] beating Romney again in a close contest; Giuliani then dropped out and endorsed McCain.^[210] The 2008 New Hampshire Republican primary took place on January 8, 2008, with 12 national delegates being allocated proportionally to the popular vote. ... The Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the executive magistrate of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. ... Willard Mitt Romney (born March 12, 1947) was the 70th Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. ... The South Carolina Republican primary, 2008 was held on January 19, with 24 delegates at stake. ... This article is about the U.S. state of Tennessee. ... This article is about the actor/politician. ... The 2008 Florida Republican primary was held on January 29, 2008, with 57 delegates at stake on a winner-take-all basis. ...

On February 5, McCain won both the majority of states and delegates in the Super Tuesday Republican primaries, giving him a commanding lead toward the Republican nomination. Romney departed from the race on February 7.^[211] McCain's wins in the March 4 primaries clinched a majority of the delegates, and he became the presumptive Republican nominee.^[212] For delegates in the . ... Twenty-four states held caucuses or primary elections on Super Tuesday, 2008. ... -1...

McCain, having been born in the (Panama) Canal Zone, if elected would have become the first president who was born outside the current 50 states. This raised a potential legal issue, since the United States Constitution requires the president to be a natural-born citizen of the United States. A bipartisan legal review^[213] and a unanimous but non-binding Senate resolution^[214] both concluded that he is a natural-born citizen, but the matter is still a subject of some legal controversy.^[215] Also, if inaugurated in 2009 at age 72 years and 144 days, he would have been the oldest U.S. president upon ascension to the presidency,^[216] and the second-oldest president to be inaugurated.^[217] Wikisource has original text related to this article: The United States Constitution The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States of America. ... A natural-born citizen is a special term mentioned in the United States Constitution as a requirement for eligibility to serve as President or Vice President of the United States. ... The following list is based upon the persons age at the time of ascension to the office, not election to the Presidency. ...

McCain has addressed concerns about his age and past health concerns, stating in 2005 that his health was "excellent".^[218] He has been treated for a type of skin cancer called melanoma, and an operation in 2000 for that condition left a noticeable mark on the left side of his face.^[219] McCain's prognosis appears favorable, according to independent experts, especially because he has already survived without a recurrence for more than seven years.^[219] In May 2008, McCain's campaign briefly let the press review his medical records, and he was described as appearing cancer-free, having a strong heart and in general good health.^[220] Nickname: Location of Denver in the State of Colorado Location of Colorado in the United States Coordinates: , Country United States State State of Colorado City and County Denver[1] Founded 1858-11-22, as Denver City, K.T.[2] Incorporated 1861-11-07, as Denver City, C.T.[3] Consolidated... Skin cancer is a malignant growth on the skin which can have many causes. ... Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes which are found predominantly in skin but also in the bowel and the eye (see uveal melanoma). ...

Upon clinching enough delegates for the nomination, McCain's focus shifted toward the general election, while Barack Obama and Hillary Rodham Clinton fought a prolonged battle for the Democratic nomination.^[221] McCain introduced various policy proposals, and sought to improve his fundraising.^[222]^[223] Cindy McCain, who accounts for most of the couple's wealth with an estimated net worth of $100 million,^[66] made part of her tax returns public in May.^[224] After facing criticism about lobbyists on staff, the McCain campaign issued new rules in May 2008 to avoid conflicts of interest, causing five top aides to leave.^[225]^[226] Barack and Obama redirect here. ... Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (born October 26, 1947) is the junior United States Senator from New York, and is a candidate for the Democratic nomination in the 2008 presidential election. ... This article provides an overview of the nomination process. ... Lobbying is the practice of private advocacy with the goal of influencing a governing body, in order to ensure that an individuals or organizations point of view is represented in the government. ... A conflict of interest is a situation in which someone in a position of trust, such as a lawyer, a politician, or an executive or director of a corporation, has competing professional or personal interests. ...

When Obama became the Democrats' presumptive nominee in early June, McCain proposed joint town hall meetings, but Obama instead requested more traditional debates for the fall.^[227] In July, a staff shake-up put Steve Schmidt in full operational control of the McCain campaign.^[228] Throughout these summer months, Obama typically led McCain in national polls by single-digit margins,^[229] and also led in several key swing states.^[230] McCain reprised his familiar underdog role, which was due at least in part to the overall challenges Republicans faced in the election year.^[230]^[200] McCain accepted public financing for the general election campaign, and the restrictions that go with it, while criticizing his Democratic opponent for becoming the first major party candidate to opt out of such financing for the general election since the system was implemented in 1976.^[231]^[232] The Republican's broad campaign theme focused on his experience and ability to lead, compared to Obama's.^[233] Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia Coordinates: Country United States State Virginia County Independent City Founded 1805 Government - Mayor Robert Lederer Area - City 6. ... The 2008 Republican National Convention will take place at the Xcel Energy Center in Saint Paul, Minnesota from September 1 until September 4, 2008. ... -1... Town Hall Meeting is a concept which originated in New England when everybody in the town showed up to speak their piece and then vote on an issue. ... The first intra-party debates between candidates for the 2008 Presidential election. ... Steve Schmidt (b. ... Campaign finance in the United States is the financing of electoral campaigns at the federal, state, and local levels. ...

Alaska Governor Sarah Palin was revealed as McCain's surprise choice for running mate on August 29, 2008.^[234] McCain was only the second U.S. major-party presidential nominee to select a woman for running mate and the first Republican to do so; Palin would have become the first female Vice President of the United States if she had been elected. On September 3, 2008, McCain and Palin became the Republican Party's Presidential and Vice Presidential nominees, respectively, at the 2008 Republican National Convention in Saint Paul, Minnesota. McCain surged ahead of Obama in national polls following the convention, as the Palin pick energized core Republican voters who had previously been wary of him.^[235] However, by the campaign's own later admission, the rollout of Palin to the national media went poorly,^[236] and voter reactions to Palin grew increasingly negative, especially among independents and other voters concerned about her qualifications.^[237] This is a list of the governors of the U.S. state of Alaska, of Alaska Territory and of the District of Alaska, and the military commanders of the District of Alaska. ... Sarah Louise Heath Palin (pronounced ; born February 11, 1964) is the governor of Alaska and the Republican vice-presidential nominee in the 2008 United States presidential election. ... The Vice President of the United States[1] (sometimes referred to as VPOTUS,[2] Veep, or VP) is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death, resignation, or removal of the president. ... The 2008 Republican National Convention will take place at the Xcel Energy Center in Saint Paul, Minnesota from September 1 until September 4, 2008. ... For an overview of the Twin Cities metropolitan area, see Minneapolis-Saint Paul. ...

On September 24, McCain said he was suspending his campaign, called on Obama to join him, and proposed delaying the first of the general election debates with Obama, in order to work on the proposed U.S. financial system bailout before Congress, which was targeted at addressing the subprime mortgage crisis and liquidity crisis.^[238]^[239] McCain's intervention helped to give dissatisfied House Republicans an opportunity to propose changes to the plan that was otherwise close to agreement.^[240]^[241] After Obama declined McCain's suspension suggestion, McCain went ahead with the debate on September 26.^[242] On October 1, McCain voted in favor of a revised $700 billion rescue plan.^[243] Another debate was held on October 7; like the first one, polls afterward suggested that Obama had won it.^[244] A final presidential debate occurred on October 15.^[245] During and after it, McCain compared Obama's proposed policies to socialism and often invoked "Joe the Plumber" as a symbol of American small business dreams that would be thwarted by an Obama presidency.^[246]^[247] McCain barred using the Jeremiah Wright controversy in ads against Obama,^[248] but the campaign did frequently criticize Obama regarding his purported relationship with Bill Ayers.^[249] Down the stretch, McCain was outspent by Obama by a four-to-one margin.^[250] The first intra-party debates between candidates for the 2008 Presidential election. ... This article is about one division of an enacted statute. ... The subprime mortgage crisis is an ongoing problem manifesting itself through liquidity issues in the banking system which have become more prevalent due to foreclosures which accelerated in the United States in late 2006 and triggered a global financial crisis during 2007 and 2008. ... The global financial crisis of 2008 is a major ongoing financial crisis, the worst of its kind since the Great Depression. ... Socialism refers to a broad array of ideologies and political movements with the goal of a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to control by the community. ... Joe the Plumber is a moniker applied to Samuel Joseph Wurzelbacher during the 2008 U.S. presidential election. ... The Jeremiah Wright controversy gained national attention in March 2008 when ABC News, after reviewing dozens of Jeremiah Wrights sermons,[1] excerpted parts which were subject to intense media scrutiny. ... During the 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, a controversy arose regarding Barack Obamas contact with Bill Ayers, a Distinguished Professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago, and a former leader of the Weather Underground. ...

The election took place on November 4, and Barack Obama was projected the winner at about 11:00 pm Eastern Standard Time; McCain delivered his concession speech in Phoenix, Arizona about twenty minutes later.^[251] In the end, McCain won 173 electoral college votes to Obama's 365;^[252] McCain failed to win most of the battleground states and lost some traditionally Republican ones.^[253] McCain gained 46 percent of the nationwide popular vote, compared to Obama's 53 percent.^[253] Electoral votes by state/federal district, for the elections of 2004 and 2008 Electoral College map showing the results of the 2008 US presidential election. ... In United States presidential politics, a swing state (also, battleground state) is a state in which no candidate has overwhelming support, meaning that any of the major candidates have a reasonable chance of winning the states electoral college votes. ...

Senate career after 2008

Remainder of fourth Senate term

Following his defeat, McCain returned to the Senate amid varying views about what role he might play there.^[254] In mid-November 2008 he met with President-elect Obama, and the two discussed issues they had commonality on.^[255] Around the same time, McCain indicated that he intended to run for re-election to his Senate seat in 2010.^[256] As the inauguration neared, Obama consulted with McCain on a variety of matters, to an extent rarely seen between a president-elect and his defeated rival,^[257] and President Obama's inauguration speech contained an allusion to McCain's theme of finding a purpose greater than oneself.^[258] Nevertheless, McCain emerged as a leader of the Republican opposition to the Obama economic stimulus package of 2009, saying it had too much spending for too little stimulative effect.^[259] The 2010 United States Senate election in Arizona will take place on November 2, 2010 along other elections to the United States Senate in other states as well as elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. ... Stimulus bill redirects here. ...

Political positions

Various interest groups have given Senator McCain scores or grades as to how well his votes align with the positions of each group.^[260] The American Conservative Union awarded McCain a lifetime rating of 82 percent through 2007, while McCain has an average lifetime 13 percent "Liberal Quotient" from Americans for Democratic Action through 2007.^[261]^[262] This article describes some of Senator John McCains votes and remarks on various issues. ... This article compares the presidential candidates in the United States 2008 presidential election. ... This article is about political advocates. ... The American Conservative Union (ACU) is a large conservative political lobbying group in the United States. ... Americans For Democratic Action (ADA) was formed in January 1947, when Eleanor Roosevelt, John Kenneth Galbraith, Reinhold Niebuhr, Hubert Humphrey and 200 other activists. ...

The Almanac of American Politics rates congressional votes as liberal or conservative on the political spectrum, in three policy areas: economic, social, and foreign. For 2005–2006, McCain's average ratings were as follows: the economic rating 59 percent conservative and 41 percent liberal, the social rating 54 percent conservative / 38 percent liberal, and the foreign rating 56 percent conservative / 43 percent liberal.^[264] The American Conservative Union (ACU) is a large conservative political lobbying group in the United States. ... Americans For Democratic Action (ADA) was formed in January 1947, when Eleanor Roosevelt, John Kenneth Galbraith, Reinhold Niebuhr, Hubert Humphrey and 200 other activists. ... The Almanac of American Politics is a reference work published biennially by the National Journal Group. ... This article discusses the history and development of various notions of liberalism in the United States. ... Conservatism in the United States comprises a constellation of political ideologies including fiscal conservatism, free market or economic liberalism, social conservatism,[1] bioconservatism and religious conservatism,[2][3] as well as support for a strong military,[4] small government and promotion of states rights. ... Political parties Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box: A political spectrum is a way of visualizing different political positions. ...

Columnists such as Robert Robb and Matthew Continetti have used a formulation devised by William F. Buckley, Jr. to describe McCain as "conservative" but not "a conservative", meaning that while McCain usually tends towards conservative positions, he is not "anchored by the philosophical tenets of modern American conservatism."^[265]^[266] Matthew Continetti is an American journalist and associate editor[1] at The Weekly Standard whose articles frequently appear in the magazine. ... This article is about the conservative journalist and commentator. ...

The two political issues that voters have been most concerned about in 2008 are the economy and Iraq.^[267] On the economy, McCain says he would make the Bush tax cuts permanent instead of letting them expire, eliminate the Alternative Minimum Tax so as to assist the middle-class, double the personal exemption for dependents, reduce the corporate tax rate, and offer a new research and development tax credit.^[268]^[269] At the same time, he pledges to eliminate pork-barrel spending, freeze nondefense discretionary spending for a year or more, and reduce Medicare growth.^[269] McCain is also opposed to high salaries and lucrative severance deals of corporate CEOs and is in favor of Say on pay laws that give stockholders a vote on executive compensation.^[269]^[270] Another proposal of the Arizona senator is to build 45 new nuclear reactors by 2030, in order to fight climate change and establish U.S. energy independence.^[271] The Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 (JGTRRA, Pub. ... Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) is a tax system that is part of the federal income tax system in the United States. ... A deduction for a Personal Exemption amount for the individual taxpayer, the taxpayers spouse, and the taxpayers child or other dependent for purposes of calculating a U.S. taxpayers federal income tax is provided in the Internal Revenue Code at . ... Corporate tax refers to a direct tax levied by various jurisdictions on the profits made by companies or associations. ... The phrase research and development (also R and D or, more often, R&D), according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, refers to creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the... A pork barrel, literally, is a barrel in which pork is kept. ... This article or section seems not to be written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia entry. ... President Johnson signing the Medicare amendment. ... Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is the job of having the ultimate executive responsibility or authority within an organization or corporation. ... Say on pay is a slogan for laws that give shareholders of corporations a vote on how much the boards of directors will be remunerated. ... This article is about applications of nuclear fission reactors as power sources. ... Global warming refers to the increase in the average temperature of the Earths near-surface air and oceans in recent decades and its projected continuation. ...

Additionally, McCain proposes that the federal government buy troubled mortgages, and provide low-interest mortgages to qualified homeowners. For people with 401(k) plans, he wants to allow more flexibility about when money can be withdrawn, and would lower the tax on that money, as well as lowering the tax on unemployment insurance benefits. McCain is also proposing to cut the capital gains tax on stock held for more than one year, while increasing the tax write-off for stock losses.^[272] The 401(k) plan is a type of employer-sponsored defined contribution retirement plan under section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code () in the United States, and some other countries. ... Unemployment benefits are sums of money given to the unemployed by the government or a compulsory para-governmental insurance system. ... For all other forms of taxation, see tax Tax rates around the world Tax revenue as % of GDP Economic policy Monetary policy Central bank Money supply Fiscal policy Spending Deficit Debt Trade policy Tariff Trade agreement Finance Financial market Financial market participants Corporate Personal Public Banking Regulation A capital gains...

On Iraq, McCain's goal is that by 2013 most servicemen and women will have returned, the Iraq War will have been won, and Iraq will be a functioning democracy, "although still suffering from the lingering effects of decades of tyranny and centuries of sectarian tension." McCain expects that by 2013, there will still be violence, but at a much-reduced level, and without American troops in a direct combat role.^[273]^[274]

From the late 1990s until 2008, McCain was a board member of Project Vote Smart (PVS) which was set up by Richard Kimball, his 1986 Senate opponent.^[275] PVS provides non-partisan information about the political positions of McCain^[276] and other candidates for political office. Additionally, McCain uses his Senate web site, and his 2008 campaign web site, to describe his political positions.^[277]^[278] Project Vote Smart (PVS) is a non-profit, non-partisan research organization that collects and distributes information on candidates for public office in the United States. ...

Cultural and political image

John McCain's personal character has been a dominant feature of his public image.^[279] This image includes the military service of both himself and his family,^[280] his maverick political persona,^[112] his temper,^[281] his admitted problem of occasional ill-considered remarks,^[89] and his close ties to his children from both his marriages.^[22] John McCains personal character has dominated the image and perception of him. ...

McCain's political appeal has been more nonpartisan and less ideological compared to many other national politicians.^[282] His stature and reputation stem partly from his service in the Vietnam War.^[283] He also carries physical vestiges of his war wounds, as well as his melanoma surgery.^[284] When campaigning, he quips: "I am older than dirt and have more scars than Frankenstein."^[285]

In his own estimation, the Arizona senator is straightforward and direct, but impatient.^[286] Other traits include a penchant for lucky charms,^[287] a fondness for hiking,^[288] and a sense of humor that has sometimes backfired spectacularly, as when he made a joke in 1998 about the Clintons widely deemed not fit to print in newspapers: "Do you know why Chelsea Clinton is so ugly? — Because Janet Reno is her father."^[289]^[290] McCain subsequently apologized profusely,^[291] and the Clinton White House accepted his apology.^[292] McCain has not shied away from addressing his shortcomings, and apologizing for them.^[89]^[293] He is known for sometimes being prickly^[294] and hot-tempered^[295] with Senate colleagues, but his relations with his own Senate staff have been more cordial, and have inspired loyalty towards him.^[296]^[297] Albuquerque redirects here. ... This article is about the holiday in the United States. ... For other uses, see Purple Heart (disambiguation). ...

McCain acknowledges having said intemperate things in years past,^[298] though he also says that many stories have been exaggerated.^[299] One psychoanalytic comparison suggests that McCain would not be the first U.S. leader to have a temper,^[300] and cultural critic Julia Keller argues that voters want leaders who are passionate, engaged, fiery, and feisty.^[281] McCain has employed both profanity^[301] and shouting on occasion, although such incidents have become less frequent over the years.^[302]^[303] Senator Joe Lieberman has made this observation: "It is not the kind of anger that is a loss of control. He is a very controlled person."^[302] Senator Thad Cochran, who has known McCain for decades and has battled him over earmarks,^[304]^[305] has expressed concern about a McCain presidency: "He is erratic. He is hotheaded. He loses his temper and he worries me."^[302] Ultimately Cochran decided to support McCain for president, after it was clear he would win the nomination.^[306] Today psychoanalysis comprises several interlocking theories concerning the functioning of the mind. ... Julia Keller is an American journalist, who works as a feature writer and cultural critic for the Chicago Tribune. ... Joseph Isadore Joe Lieberman (born February 24, 1942) is a United States Senator from Connecticut. ... William Thad Cochran (born December 7, 1937) is the senior United States Senator from Mississippi. ... For other uses, see Earmark. ...

All of John McCain's family members are on good terms with him,^[22] and he has defended them against some of the negative consequences of his high-profile political lifestyle.^[307]^[308] His family's military tradition extends to the latest generation: son John Sidney IV ("Jack") is enrolled in the U.S. Naval Academy, son James has served with the Marines in Iraq, and son Doug flew jets in the Navy.^[309]^[22] The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is a branch of the United States armed forces responsible for providing force projection from the sea,[1] using the mobility of the U.S. Navy to rapidly deliver combined-arms task forces and is one of seven uniformed services. ...

Writings by McCain

Books

Faith of My Fathers is a 1999 book by United States Senator John McCain with Mark Salter. ... Mark Salter is an American author from Davenport, Iowa known for his collaborations with United States Senator John McCain on several nonfiction works. ... Faith of My Fathers is a 2005 American television film, directed by Peter Markle. ... Worth the Fighting For is a 2002 book by United States Senator John McCain with Mark Salter. ... Hard Call: Great Decisions and the Extraordinary People Who Made Them is a book written by United States Senator John McCain with Mark Salter. ...

Articles and forewords

U.S. News & World Report is a weekly newsmagazine. ... Volumes in the Library of America series The Library of America (LoA) is a nonprofit publisher of classic American literature. ... The Code of Conduct and the Vietnam War is a report from an individual research project conducted by John S. McCain, Commander, United States Navy, at the National War College. ... The National War College (NWC) of the United States is a school in the National Defense University. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... is the 98th day of the year (99th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Ernest C. Brace was the longest-held civilian prisoner of war (POW) in Vietnam. ... The Best and the Brightest (1972) is an account by journalist David Halberstam on the origins of the Vietnam War. ... This article is about the author and journalist. ... Harlan K. Ullman, a retired United States Naval Commander who has written several influential books and op-ed article on military and geo-political topics. ... Joseph Maxwell Cleland (born August 24, 1942) is an American politician from Georgia. ... The adolescent Internet. ... Dan van der Vat is a journalist and historian of military, primarily naval, histories. ... This article is about a journal. ...

References

^ McCain was christened and raised Episcopalian. See Nichols, Hans. "McCain Keeps His Faith to Himself, at Church and in Campaign", Bloomberg (2008-04-25). He now identifies as a Baptist, although he has not been baptized as an adult, and is not an official member of the church he attends. See Warner, Greg. "McCain’s faith: Pastor describes senator as devout, but low-key", Associated Baptist Press (2008-04-08). Retrieved 2008-09-06. Also see Hornick, Ed. "McCain and Obama cite moral failures", CNN, (2008-08-16): "McCain, who was raised an Episcopalian and now identifies himself as Baptist, rarely discusses his faith." Retrieved 2008-08-16. Also see Reston, Maeve and Mehta, Seema. "Barack Obama and John McCain to Meet at Saddleback Church", Los Angeles Times, (2008-08-16): "McCain [is] an Episcopalian who attends a Baptist church in Phoenix..." Retrieved 2008-08-16.
^ ^a ^b Timberg, American Odyssey, 17–34 (subscription only link).
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot. The Two-Ocean War: A Short History of the United States Navy in the Second World War (Naval Institute Press 2007), 119.
^ Roberts, Gary. "On the Ancestry, Royal Descent, and English and American Notable Kin of Senator John Sidney McCain IV", New England Historic Genealogical Society (2008-04-01). Retrieved 2008-05-19.
^ ^a ^b ^c Nowicki, Dan & Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: At the Naval Academy", The Arizona Republic (2007-03-01). Retrieved 2007-11-10. According to the The Arizona Republic, "'McCain: The life story of Arizona's maverick senator' as written by reporter Bill Muller originally appeared in The Arizona Republic and on azcentral.com on October 3, 1999. Reporter Dan Nowicki updated and revised the biography with additional material in January 2007." See "How the biography was put together", The Arizona Republic (2007-03-01). Retrieved 2008-06-18. Regarding McCain's time at the Naval Academy, "McCain's grades were good in the subjects he enjoyed, such as literature and history. Gamboa said McCain would rather read a history book than do his math homework. He did just enough to pass the classes he didn't find stimulating. 'He stood low in his class,' Gamboa said. 'But that was by choice, not design.'"
^ Alexander, Man of the People, 19.
^ ^a ^b Woodward, Calvin. "McCain's WMD Is A Mouth That Won't Quit", Associated Press via USA Today (2007-11-04). Retrieved 2007-11-10.
^ Alexander, Man of the People, 22.
^ Alexander, Man of the People, 28. See also: Arundel, John. "Episcopal fetes a favorite son", Alexandria Times (2007-12-06). Retrieved 2007-12-07.
^ ^a ^b ^c Timberg, Nightingale's Song, Chapter 1, 31–35
^ Bailey, Holly. "John McCain: 'I Learned How to Take Hard Blows'", Newsweek (2007-05-14). Retrieved 2007-12-19.
^ Alexander, Man of the People, 207. McCain scored 128 and then 133 on IQ tests.
^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, 134.
^ Alexander, Man of the People, 32.
^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, 156.
^ ^a ^b Feinberg, Barbara. John McCain: Serving His Country, 18 (Millbrook Press 2000). ISBN 0-7613-1974-3.
^ ^a ^b ^c Timberg, American Odyssey, 66–68.
^ ^a ^b ^c Vartabedian, Ralph and Serrano, Richard A. "Mishaps mark John McCain's record as naval aviator", Los Angeles Times (2008-10-06). Retrieved 2008-10-06.
^ ^a ^b ^c "John McCain", Iowa Caucuses '08, The Des Moines Register. Retrieved 2007-11-08.
^ ^a ^b Alexander, Man of the People, 92.
^ Alexander, Man of the People, 33.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Steinhauer, Jennifer. "Bridging 4 Decades, a Large, Close-Knit Brood", The New York Times (2007-12-27). Retrieved 2007-12-27.
^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, 167–168.
^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, 172–173.
^ ^a ^b McCain, Faith of My Fathers, 185–186.
^ Karaagac, John. John McCain: An Essay in Military and Political History, 81–82 (Lexington Books 2000). ISBN 0-7391-0171-4.
^ Weinraub, Bernard. "Start of Tragedy: Pilot Hears a Blast As He Checks Plane", The New York Times (1967-07-31). Retrieved 2008-03-28.
^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 72–74.
^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, 177–179.
^ US Navy Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships – Forrestal. States either Aircraft No. 405 piloted by LCDR Fred D. White or No. 416 piloted by LCDR John McCain was struck by the Zuni.
^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 75.
^ ^a ^b ^c Kuhnhenn, Jim. "Navy releases McCain's military record", Associated Press via The Boston Globe (2008-05-07). Retrieved 2008-05-25.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Nowicki, Dan & Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: Prisoner of War", The Arizona Republic (2007-03-01). Retrieved 2007-11-10.
^ ^a ^b Hubbell, P.O.W., 363.
^ Dobbs, Michael. “In Ordeal as Captive, Character Was Shaped”, Washington Post (2008-10-05)
^ "John McCain (center) being captured by Vietnamese civilians in Truc Bach Lake near Hanoi Vietnam", Library of Congress (2004-05-26). Retrieved 2007-12-28.
^ Hubbell, P.O.W., 364.
^ Apple Jr., R. W. "Adm. McCain's son, Forrestal Survivor, Is Missing in Raid", The New York Times (1967-10-28). Retrieved 2007-11-11.
^ "Admiral's Son Captured in Hanoi Raid", Associated Press via The Washington Post (1967-10-28). Retrieved 2008-02-09 (fee required for full text).
^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 83.
^ Alexander, Man of the People, 54.
^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 89.
^ ^a ^b Hubbell, P.O.W., 450–451.
^ Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, 363.
^ ^a ^b Hubbell, P.O.W., 452–454.
^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 95, 118.
^ ^a ^b McCain, John. "How the POW's Fought Back", U.S. News & World Report (1973-05-14), reposted in 2008 under title "John McCain, Prisoner of War: A First-Person Account". Retrieved 2008-01-29. Reprinted in Reporting Vietnam, Part Two: American Journalism 1969–1975, The Library of America, 434–463 (1998). ISBN 1-883011-59-0.
^ Hubbell, P.O.W., 288–306.
^ Hubbell, P.O.W., 548–549.
^ Alexander, Man of the People, 60.
^ Alexander, Man of the People, 64.
^ Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, 489–491.
^ Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, 510, 537.
^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 106–107.
^ Sterba, James. "P.O.W. Commander Among 108 Freed", The New York Times (1973-03-15). Retrieved 2008-03-28.
^ ^a ^b Purdum, Todd. "Prisoner of Conscience", Vanity Fair, February 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: Back in the USA", The Arizona Republic (2007-03-01). Retrieved 2007-11-10.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Kristof, Nicholas. "P.O.W. to Power Broker, A Chapter Most Telling", The New York Times (2000-02-27). Retrieved 2007-04-22.
^ Alexander, Man of the People, 81.
^ ^a ^b Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons, Volume 1, Naval Historical Center. Retrieved 2008-05-19.
^ Vartabedian, Ralph. "McCain has long relied on his grit", Los Angeles Times (2008-04-14). Retrieved 2008-09-02.
^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 123–124.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: Arizona, the early years", The Arizona Republic (2007-03-01). Regarding his first marriage, McCain said that he "had not shown the same determination to rebuild (his) personal life" as he had shown in his military career, and that "marriages can be hard to recover after great time and distance have separated a husband and wife. We are different people when we reunite... But my marriage's collapse was attributable to my own selfishness and immaturity more than it was to Vietnam, and I cannot escape blame by pointing a finger at the war. The blame was entirely mine." Retrieved 2007-11-21.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Frantz, Douglas, "The 2000 Campaign: The Arizona Ties; A Beer Baron and a Powerful Publisher Put McCain on a Political Path", The New York Times, A14 (2000-02-21). Retrieved 2006-11-29.
^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 132–134.
^ ^a ^b "McCain Releases His Tax Returns", Associated Press for CBS News (2008-04-18). Retrieved 2008-04-24.
^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 135.
^ Kirkpatrick, David. "Senate's Power and Allure Drew McCain From Military ", The New York Times (2008-05-29). Retrieved 2008-05-29.
^ Leahy, Michael. "Seeing White House From a Cell in Hanoi", The Washington Post (2008-10-13). Retrieved 2008-10-17.
^ Alexander, Man of the People, 93.
^ Vartabedian, Ralph. "John McCain gets tax-free disability pension", Los Angeles Times (2008-04-22).
^ Gilbertson, Dawn. "McCain, his wealth tied to wife's family beer business", The Arizona Republic (2007-01-23). Retrieved 2008-05-10.
^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 139.
^ Symington would become Governor of Arizona in 1991.
^ Thornton, Mary. "Arizona 1st District John McCain", The Washington Post (1982-12-16). Retrieved 2008-05-10.
^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 143–144.
^ "McCain, Clinton Head to Memphis for MLK Anniversary", Washington Wire (blog), The Wall Street Journal (2008-04-03). Retrieved 2008-04-17.
^ "McCain Remarks on Dr. King and Civil Rights", The Washington Post (2008-04-04): "We can be slow as well to give greatness its due, a mistake I made myself long ago when I voted against a federal holiday in memory of Dr. King. I was wrong and eventually realized that, in time to give full support for a state holiday in Arizona." Retrieved 2008-05-10.
^ ^a ^b Alexander, Man of the People, 98–99, 104.
^ Alexander, Man of the People, 100.
^ Alexander, Man of the People, 100–101.
^ Tapper, Jake. "McCain returns to the past", Salon (2000-04-27). Retrieved 2007-11-21.
^ Reinhard, Beth. "Blog: McCain met with Pinochet", Naked Politics, Miami Herald (2008-10-24). Retrieved 2008-11-01.
^ Dinges, John. "CIPER Chile » Blog Archive » La desconocida cita entre John McCain y Pinochet", Centro de Investigación e Información Periodística (2008-10-24). Retrieved 2008-10-24. This source is in the Spanish language.
^ "Revelan inédita cita entre McCain y Pinochet en 1985", Los Tiempos (2008-10-25). Retrieved 2008-10-25. This source is in the Spanish language.
^ "John McCain", The New York Times website. Retrieved 2008-10-08.
^ Alexander, Man of the People, 147.
^ ^a ^b Strong, Morgan. "Senator John McCain talks about the challenges of fatherhood", Dadmag.com (2000-06-04). Retrieved 2007-12-19.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: The Senate calls", The Arizona Republic (2007-03-01). Retrieved 2007-11-23.
^ Barone, Michael; Ujifusa, Grant; Cohen, Richard E. The Almanac of American Politics, 2000 (National Journal 1999), 112. ISBN 0-8129-3194-7.
^ Becker, Jo; Van Natta, Dan (September 27, 2008). "For McCain and Team, a Host of Ties to Gambling". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/28/us/politics/28gambling-web.html. Retrieved on 2008-09-29.
^ Johnson, Tadd. "Regulatory Issues and Impacts of Gaming in Indian Country", Increasing Understanding of Public Problems and Policies: Proceedings of the 1998 National Public Policy Education Conference, 140–144 (September 1998).
^ ^a ^b ^c Sweeney, James. "New rules on Indian gaming face longer odds", The San Diego Union-Tribune (2006-09-11). Retrieved 2008-07-01.
^ Mason, W. Dale. Indian Gaming: Tribal Sovereignty and American Politics (University of Oklahoma Press 2000), 60–64. ISBN 0-806-13260-4.
^ Alexander, Man of the People, 112.
^ Alexander, Man of the People, 115–120.
^ ^a ^b ^c Abramson, Jill; Mitchell, Alison. "Senate Inquiry In Keating Case Tested McCain", The New York Times (1999-11-21). Retrieved 2008-05-10.
^ ^a ^b "Excerpts of Statement By Senate Ethics Panel", The New York Times (1991-02-28). Retrieved 2008-04-19.
^ Rasky, Susan. "To Senator McCain, the Savings and Loan Affair Is Now a Personal Demon", The New York Times (1989-12-22). Retrieved 2008-04-19.
^ ^a ^b Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: The Keating Five", The Arizona Republic (2007-03-01). Retrieval date 2007-11-23.
^ ^a ^b Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: Overcoming scandal, moving on", The Arizona Republic (2007-03-01). Retrieved 2007-11-23.
^ Alexander, Man of the People, 150–151.
^ ^a ^b Dan Balz, "McCain Weighs Options Amid Setbacks", The Washington Post (1998-07-05) Retrieved 2008-05-10.
^ Alexander, Man of the People, 152–154.
^ Report of the Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs, U.S. Senate (1993-01-13). Retrieved 2008-01-03.
^ ^a ^b Walsh, James. "Good Morning, Vietnam", Time (1995-07-24). Retrieved 2008-01-05.
^ Alexander, Man of the People, 170–171.
^ Farrell, John. "At the center of power, seeking the summit", The Boston Globe (2003-06-21). Retrieved 2008-01-05.
^ McIntire, Mike. "Democracy Group Gives Donors Access to McCain", The New York Times (2008-07-28). Retrieved 2008-08-16.
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^ ^a ^b Curry, Tom. "McCain takes grim message to South Carolina", MSNBC (2007-04-26). Retrieved 2007-12-27.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: McCain becomes the 'maverick'", The Arizona Republic (2007-03-01). Retrieved 2007-12-19.
^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 190.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Maisel, Louis and Buckley, Kara. Parties and Elections in America: The Electoral Process, 163–166 (Rowman & Littlefield 2004). ISBN 0-742-52670-4.
^ Barone, Michael; Cohen, Richard E. The Almanac of American Politics, 2006 (National Journal 2005), 93–98. ISBN 0-892-34112-2.
^ McCain, Worth the Fighting For, 327
^ Jackson, David. “McCain: Life shaped judgment on use of force”, USA Today (2008-03-25).
^ Clinton v. City of New York, 524 U.S. 417 (1998).
^ Alexander, Man of the People, 176–180.
^ "Bio: Sen. John McCain", Fox News (2003-01-23). Retrieved 2008-08-11.
^ ^a ^b Alexander, Man of the People, 184–187.
^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 194–195.
^ McDonald, Greg. "Senate OKs use of force in Balkans", Houston Chronicle (1999-03-23). Retrieved 2008-03-05.
^ "U.S. Senators John McCain and Russell Feingold Share 10th John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award", John F. Kennedy Library Foundation (1999-05-24). Retrieved 2007-12-27.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: The 'maverick' runs", The Arizona Republic (2007-03-01). Retrieved 2007-12-27.
^ Bernstein, Richard. "Books of the Times; Standing Humbly Before a Noble Family Tradition", The New York Times (1999-10-01). Retrieved 2008-08-11.
^ Alexander, Man of the People, 194–195.
^ "Faith of My Fathers (1999)" (IE only), Books and Authors. Retrieved 2008-05-26.
^ Knickerbocker, Brad. "From a Vietnam Prison to the United States Senate", The Christian Science Monitor (1999-09-16). Retrieved 2008-05-27.
^ "McCain formally kicks off campaign", CNN (1999-09-27). Retrieved 2007-12-27.
^ Bruni, Frank. "Quayle, Outspent by Bush, Will Quit Race, Aide Says", The New York Times (2000-09-27). Retrieved 2007-12-27.
^ Alexander, Man of the People, 188–189.
^ Harpaz, Beth. The Girls in the Van: Covering Hillary, 86 (St. Martin's Press 2001). ISBN 0-312-30271-1.
^ Corn, David. "The McCain Insurgency", The Nation (2000-02-10). Retrieved 2008-01-01.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Steinhauer, Jennifer. "Confronting Ghosts of 2000 in South Carolina", The New York Times (2007-10-19). Retrieved 2008-01-07.
^ "Dirty Politics 2008", NOW, PBS (2008-01-04). Retrieved 2008-01-06.
^ Alexander, Man of the People, 254–255, 262–263.
^ Mitchell, Alison. "Bush and McCain Exchange Sharp Words Over Fund-Raising", The New York Times (2000-02-10). Retrieved 2008-01-07.
^ ^a ^b Alexander, Man of the People, 250–251.
^ Data for table is from "Favorability: People in the News: John McCain", The Gallup Organization, 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-10.
^ Alexander, Man of the People, 263–266.
^ ^a ^b Knowlton, Brian. "McCain Licks Wounds After South Carolina Rejects His Candidacy", International Herald Tribune (2000-02-21). Retrieved 2008-01-01.
^ Barone, Michael and Cohen, Richard. The Almanac of American Politics, 2008, 96 (National Journal 2008). ISBN 0892341173.
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^ "Excerpt From McCain's Speech on Religious Conservatives", The New York Times (2000-02-29). Retrieved 2007-12-30.
^ Rothernberg, Stuart. "Stuart Rothernberg: Bush Roars Back; McCain's Hopes Dim", CNN (2000-03-01). Retrieved 2007-12-30.
^ McCaleb, Ian Christopher. "Gore, Bush post impressive Super Tuesday victories", CNN (2000-03-08). Retrieved 2007-12-30.
^ McCaleb, Ian Christopher. "Bradley, McCain bow out of party races", CNN (2000-03-09). Retrieved 2007-12-30.
^ Marks, Peter. "A Ringing Endorsement for Bush", The New York Times (2000-05-14). Retrieved 2008-03-01.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: The 'maverick' and President Bush", The Arizona Republic (2007-03-01). Retrieved 2007-12-27.
^ ^a ^b ^c Holan, Angie. "McCain switched on tax cuts", Politifact, St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2007-12-27.
^ ^a ^b Carney, James. "Frenemies: The McCain-Bush Dance", Time (2008-07-16). Retrieved 2008-08-11.
^ Drew, Citizen McCain, 5.
^ Edsall, Thomas and Milbank, Dana. "McCain Is Considering Leaving GOP: Arizona Senator Might Launch a Third-Party Challenge to Bush in 2004", The Washington Post (2001-06-02). Retrieved 2008-05-10.
^ Cusack, Bob. "Democrats say McCain nearly abandoned GOP", The Hill (2007-03-28). Retrieved 2008-01-17.
^ Kirkpatrick, David D. "After 2000 Run, McCain Learned to Work Levers of Power", The New York Times (2008-07-21). Retrieved 2008-08-11.
^ McCain, John. "No Substitute for Victory: War is hell. Let's get on with it", The Wall Street Journal (2001-10-26). Retrieved 2008-01-17.
^ "Senate bill would implement 9/11 panel proposals", CNN (2004-09-08). Retrieved 2008-01-17.
^ "Senate Approves Aviation Security, Anti-Terrorism Bills", Online NewsHour, PBS (2001-10-12). Retrieved 2008-01-17.
^ Alexander, Man of the People, 168.
^ "Sen. McCain's Interview With Chris Matthews", Hardball with Chris Matthews, MSNBC (2003-03-12). Via McCain's Senate web site and archive.org. Retrieved 2008-04-07.
^ "Newsmaker: Sen. McCain", PBS, NewsHour (2003-11-06). Retrieved 2008-01-17.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: The 'maverick' goes establishment", The Arizona Republic (2007-03-01). Retrieved 2007-12-23.
^ "Summary of the Lieberman-McCain Climate Stewardship Act", Pew Center on Global Climate Change. Retrieved 2008-04-24.
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^ "McCain: I'd 'entertain' Democratic VP slot", Associated Press for USA Today (2004-03-10). Retrieved 2008-05-06.
^ ^a ^b Halbfinger, David. "McCain Is Said To Tell Kerry He Won't Join", The New York Times (2004-06-12). Retrieved 2008-01-03.
^ ^a ^b Balz, Dan and VandeHei, Jim. "McCain's Resistance Doesn't Stop Talk of Kerry Dream Ticket", The Washington Post (2004-06-12). Retrieved 2008-01-18.
^ "Kerry wants to boost child-care credit", Associated Press via MSNBC (2004-06-16). Retrieved 2008-03-08.
^ ^a ^b Loughlin, Sean. "McCain praises Bush as 'tested'", CNN (2004-08-30). Retrieved 2007-11-14.
^ Coile, Zachary. "Vets group attacks Kerry; McCain defends Democrat", San Francisco Chronicle (2004-08-06). Retrieved 2006-08-15.
^ "Election 2004: U.S. Senate – Arizona – Exit Poll", CNN. Retrieved 2007-12-23.
^ "Senators compromise on filibusters; Bipartisan group agrees to vote to end debate on 3 nominees", CNN (2005-05-24). Retrieved 2008-03-16.
^ Hulse, Carl. "Distrust of McCain Lingers Over '05 Deal on Judges", The New York Times (2008-02-25). Retrieved 2008-03-16.
^ Preston, Julia. "Grass Roots Roared and Immigration Plan Collapsed", The New York Times (2007-07-10). Retrieved 2008-07-27.
^ "Why the Senate Immigration Bill Failed", Rasmussen Reports (2007-06-08). Retrieved 2008-05-10.
^ Schmidt, Susan; Grimaldi, James. "Panel Says Abramoff Laundered Tribal Funds; McCain Cites Possible Fraud by Lobbyist", The Washington Post (2005-06-23). Retrieved 2008-05-10.
^ Anderson, John. Follow the Money (Simon and Schuster 2007), 254. ISBN 0-743-28643-X.
^ Butterfield, Fox. "Indians' Wish List: Big-City Sites for Casinos", The New York Times (2005-04-08).
^ "Roll Call Votes 109th Congress - 1st Session on the Amendment (McCain Amdt. No. 1977)", United States Senate (2005-10-05). Retrieved 2006-08-15.
^ "Senate ignores veto threat in limiting detainee treatment", CNN (2005-10-06). Retrieved 2008-01-02.
^ "McCain, Bush agree on torture ban", CNN (2005-12-15). Retrieved 2006-08-16.
^ Calabresi, Massimo and Bacon Jr., Perry. "America's 10 Best Senators", "John McCain: The Mainstreamer", Time (2006-04-16). Retrieved 2008-08-14.
^ ^a ^b Eggen, Dan and Shear, Michael. "Vote Against Waterboarding Bill Called Consistent", The Washington Post (2008-02-16): "[T]he aide said, there are noncoercive interrogation techniques not used by the Army that could be useful to the CIA." Retrieved 2008-06-09.
^ Ricks, Thomas. Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq 412 (Penguin Press 2006). ISBN 1-59420-103-X.
^ Baldor, Lolita. "McCain Defends Bush's Iraq Strategy", Associated Press via CBS News (2007-01-12). Retrieved 2007-01-13.
^ Giroux, Greg. "'Move On' Takes Aim at McCain's Iraq Stance", The New York Times (2007-01-17). Retrieved 2008-01-18.
^ Carney, James. "The Resurrection of John McCain", Time (2008-01-23). Retrieved 2008-02-01.
^ Crawford, Jamie. "Iraq won't change McCain", CNN (2007-07-28). Retrieved 2008-01-18.
^ "McCain arrives in Baghdad", CNN (2008-03-16). Retrieved 2008-03-16.
^ "McCain launches White House bid", BBC News (2007-04-25). Retrieved 2008-05-15.
^ ^a ^b "Remarks as Prepared for Delivery: Senator McCain's Announcement Speech", USA Today (2007-04-25). Retrieved 2008-05-18.
^ Balz, Dan. "For Possible '08 Run, McCain Is Courting Bush Loyalists", The Washington Post (2006-02-12). Retrieved 2006-08-15.
^ Birnbaum, Jeffrey and Solomon, John. "McCain's Unlikely Ties to K Street", The Washington Post (2007-12-31). Retrieved 2008-01-03.
^ Kirkpatrick, David D. and Pilhofer, Aron. "McCain Lags in Income, but Excels in Spending", The New York Times (2007-04-15). Retrieved 2008-08-11.
^ "McCain lags in fundraising, cuts staff", CNN (2007-07-02). Retrieved 2007-07-06.
^ ^a ^b "Lagging in Fundraising, McCain Reorganizes Staff", NPR (2007-07-02). Retrieved 2007-07-06.
^ Sidoti, Liz. "McCain Campaign Suffers Key Shakeups", Associated Press via Breitbart.com (2007-07-10). Retrieved 2007-07-15.
^ ^a ^b Boshart, Rod. "McCain says he’s underdog in Iowa during State Fair visit", The Gazette (2008-08-08). Retrieved 2008-08-11.
^ Martin, Jonathan. "McCain's comeback plan", The Politico (2007-07-19). Retrieved 2007-12-12.
^ Witosky, Tom. "McCain sees resurgence in his run for president", The Des Moines Register (2007-12-17). Retrieved 2007-12-29.
^ Sinderbrand, Rebecca. "McCain, Clinton win Concord Monitor endorsements", CNN (2007-12-29). Retrieved 2007-12-29.
^ "Lieberman: McCain can reunite our country", CNN (2007-12-17). Retrieved 2008-06-26.
^ Lieberman, Joseph. "Joe Lieberman: McCain for President", New York Post (2008-02-03): "Joe Lieberman is an independent Democratic senator from Connecticut." Retrieved 2008-06-26.
^ "CNN: McCain wins New Hampshire GOP primary", CNN (2008-01-08). Retrieved 2008-01-08.
^ Jones, Tim et al. "Moderates flock to McCain in S.C.; 2nd-place finish deals blow for Huckabee", Chicago Tribune (2008-01-20). Retrieved 2008-11-02.
^ "Thompson Quits US Presidential Race", Reuters (2008-01-22). Retrieved 2008-06-02.
^ "McCain wins Florida, Giuliani expected to drop out", CNN (2008-01-29). Retrieved 2008-01-29.
^ Holland, Steve. "Giuliani, Edwards quit White House Race", Reuters (2008-01-30). Retrieved 2008-01-30.
^ Sidoti, Liz. "Romney Suspends Presidential Campaign", Associated Press via Breitbart.com (2008-02-07). Retrieved 2008-05-19.
^ "McCain wins key primaries, CNN projects; McCain clinches nod", CNN (2008-03-04). Retrieved 2008-03-04.
^ "Lawyers Conclude McCain Is "Natural Born", Associated Press via CBS News (2008-03-28). Retrieved 2008-05-23.
^ Dobbs, Michael. "McCain's Birth Abroad Stirs Legal Debate", The Washington Post (2008-05-02). Retrieved 2008-10-24.
^ Liptak, Adam. "A Hint of New Life to a McCain Birth Issue", The New York Times (2008-07-11).
^ Bash, Dana. "With McCain, 72 is the new... 69?", CNN (2006-09-04). Retrieved 2008-05-10.
^ "Presidential Inaugural Facts", The Miami Herald (1985-01-20). Excerpt via Google News. Retrieved 2008-03-30. Ronald Reagan was 73 years and 350 days old at his second inauguration.
^ McCain, John. Interview transcript. Meet the Press via MSNBC (2005-06-19). Retrieved 2006-11-14.
^ ^a ^b Altman, Lawrence. "On the Campaign Trail, Few Mentions of McCain's Bout With Melanoma", The New York Times (2008-03-09). Retrieved 2008-05-10.
^ "Medical records show McCain is in good health" International Herald Tribune (2008-05-23). Retrieved on 2008-05-23.
^ Page, Susan. "McCain runs strong as Democrats battle on" USA Today (2008-04-28). Retrieved 2008-05-10.
^ "McCain tells his story to voters" CNN (2008-03-31). Retrieved 2008-05-10.
^ Luo, Michael and Palmer, Griff. "McCain Faces Test in Wooing Elite Donors", The New York Times (2008-03-31). Retrieved 2008-05-10.
^ Kuhnhenn, Jim. "Cindy McCain had $6 million income in 2006", Associated Press via ABC News (2008-05-23). Retrieved 2008-05-24.
^ Shear, Michael. "A Fifth Top Aide To McCain Resigns", The Washington Post (2008-05-19). Retrieved 2008-06-04.
^ Kammer, Jerry. "Lobbyists on John McCain's Team Facing Some New Rules", The Arizona Republic (2008-05-26). Retrieved 2008-06-04.
^ Pickler, Nedra. "McCain, Obama fail to agree on town halls", Associated Press via ABC News (2008-06-13). Retrieved 2008-06-16.
^ Balz, Dan and Shear, Michael D. "McCain Puts New Strategist Atop Campaign", The Washington Post (2008-07-03). Retrieved 2008-08-11.
^ "General Election: McCain vs. Obama", Real Clear Politics. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
^ ^a ^b "McCain Predicts ‘Underdog’ Win in Final 48 Hours", Fox News (2008-06-27). Retrieved 2008-08-11.
^ Wayne, Leslie. "McCain Raised $27 Million in July", The New York Times (2008-08-15). Retrieved 2008-08-16.
^ Barr, Andy. "Obama passes 2 million donors", The Hill (2008-08-14). Retrieved 2008-08-16.
^ Kuhnhenn, Jim. "Analysis: McCain tries to sow doubts about Obama", Associated Press for USA Today (2008-07-31). Retrieved 2008-08-11.
^ "McCain taps Alaska Gov. Palin as vice president pick" , CNN (2008-08-29). Retrieved 2008-08-29.
^ Berman, Russell. "McCain-Palin Surging in the Polls", The New York Sun (2008-09-09). Retrieved 2008-12-31.
^ Nagourney, Adam. "In Election’s Wake, Campaigns Offer a Peek at What Really Happened", The New York Times (2008-12-09). Retrieved 2008-12-31.
^ Cohen, Jon and Agiesta, Jennifer. "Perceptions of Palin Grow Increasingly Negative, Poll Says", The Washington Post (2008-10-25). Retrieved 2008-12-31.
^ Fouhy, Beth. "Obama rejects McCain's call to delay debate", Associated Press for The Times-Tribune (Scranton) (2008-09-24). Retrieved 2008-09-24.
^ "John McCain Statement: 'Suspending' His Campaign", ABC News (2008-09-24).
^ Weisman, Jonathan. "How McCain Stirred a Simmering Pot", The Washington Post (2008-09-27). Retrieved 2008-09-27. "In truth, McCain's dramatic announcement Wednesday that he would suspend his campaign and come to Washington for the bailout talks had wide repercussions."
^ Stolberg, Cheryl Gay and Bumiller, Elisabeth. "A Balancing Act as McCain Faces a Divided Party and a Skeptical Public", The New York Times (2008-09-26). Retrieved 2008-09-27. “His greatest contribution,” Mr. Bachus said, “was returning to Washington and standing up for Republicans who were refusing to be stampeded.”
^ "McCain To Attend Debate, Resume Campaign", RTTNews (2008-09-26). Retrieved 2008-09-26.
^ "Senate Passes Economic Rescue Package", NY1 News (2008-10-01). Retrieved 2008-10-02.
^ Steinhauser, Paul. "Obama picks up second debate win, poll says", CNN (2008-10-08). Retrieved 2008-10-12.
^ Daniel, Douglass. "Obama backs away from McCain's debate challenge", Associated Press via Houston Chronicle (2008-08-02). Retrieved 2008-08-11).
^ Drogin, Bob and Barabak, Mark Z. "John McCain compares Barack Obama's policies to socialism", Los Angeles Times (2008-10-18). Retrieved 2008-12-31.
^ Bumiller, Elisabeth. "In Ohio, McCain Is Everywhere Even if Joe the Plumber Isn’t", The New York Times (2008-10-30). Retrieved 2008-12-31.
^ Smith, Ben. "McCain pollster: Wright wouldn't have worked", The Politico (2008-12-11). Retrieved 2008-12-30.
^ Johnson, Alex. "McCain hammers Obama on Ayers ties", MSNBC (2008-10-23). Retrieved 2009-01-01.
^ Rutenberg, Jim. "Nearing Record, Obama’s Ad Effort Swamps McCain", The New York Times (2008-10-17). Retrieved 2008-12-30.
^ "Transcript: McCain concedes presidency", CNN (2008-11-04).
^ Franke-Ruta, Garance. "McCain Takes Missouri", The Washington Post (2008-11-19). Retrieved 2008-11-19.
^ ^a ^b "President – Election Center 2008", CNN. Retrieved 2008-11-19.
^ Mooney, Alexander. "McCain may face bumpy shift from White House run", CNN (2008-11-18). Retrieved 2008-11-21.
^ Tapper, Jake. "Obama, McCain Meet While Bill Speaks About Hillary", ABC News (2008-11-17). Retrieved 2008-11-21.
^ Cillizza, Chris. "McCain's Next Step: Re-Election in 2010", The Washington Post (2008-11-19). Retrieved 2008-11-21.
^ Kirkpatrick, David D. "Obama Reaches Out for McCain’s Counsel", The New York Times (2009-01-19). Retrieved 2009-01-20.
^ Brune, Tom. "Obama speech strong but anti-climatic", Newsday (2009-01-20). Retrieved 2009-01-20.
^ Hulse, Carl and Herszenhorn, David M. "Senators Reach Deal on Stimulus Plan as Jobs Vanish", The New York Times (2009-02-06). Retrieved 2009-02-07.
^ Mayer, William. "Kerry's Record Rings a Bell", The Washington Post (2004-03-28). Retrieved 2008-05-12: "The question of how to measure a senator's or representative's ideology is one that political scientists regularly need to answer. For more than 30 years, the standard method for gauging ideology has been to use the annual ratings of lawmakers' votes by various interest groups, notably the Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) and the American Conservative Union (ACU)."
^ "2007 U.S. Senate votes", American Conservative Union. Retrieved 2008-05-10. Lifetime rating is given.
^ "Voting Records", Americans for Democratic Action. Retrieved 2008-05-10. Average includes all years beginning with 1983 in House, collected from various parts of ADA website and calculated on spreadsheet.
^ Chart is built from current year and archive ratings found within "Ratings of Congress", American Conservative Union, Retrieved 2008-05-10, and "Voting Records", Americans for Democratic Action, Retrieved 2008-05-10.
^ Barone, Michael and Cohen, Richard. The Almanac of American Politics, 2008, 95 (National Journal 2008). ISBN 0892341173. This biennially published almanac has been called "The most important reference text on American politics... the most comprehensive and accurate guide to the labyrinth of U.S. politics ever assembled." (Mead, Walter. "The United States", Foreign Affairs January/February 2006. Retrieved 2008-05-15) In 2005, the economic ratings were 52 percent conservative and 47 percent liberal, the social ratings 64 conservative / 23 liberal, and the foreign ratings 54 / 45. In 2006, the economic ratings were 64 / 35, the social 46 / 53, and the foreign 58 / 40.
^ Robb, Robert. "Is McCain a conservative?", RealClearPolitics (2008-02-01). Retrieved 2008-06-18.
^ Continetti, Matthew. "Not your dad's Republicans", Los Angeles Times (2008-03-06). Retrieved 2008-06-18.
^ "The Washington Post-ABC News Poll", washingtonpost.com (2008-04-14). Retrieved 2008-05-17.
^ "McCain on the Economy at Carnegie Mellon University", The New York Times (2008-04-15). This is the full text of his April 15 speech. Retrieved 2008-05-17.
^ ^a ^b ^c Grier, Peter. "McCain fleshes out his economic plan", The Christian Science Monitor (2008-04-28). Retrieved 2008-05-17.
^ Salzman, Avi. "McCain Seeks Shareholders' Say on Pay", BusinessWeek (2008-06-10): "He said that under his proposed reforms, 'all aspects of a CEO's pay, including any severance agreements, must be approved by shareholders.'" Retrieved 2008-06-17.
^ Mason, Jeff. "McCain Says Wants 45 New Nuclear Reactors by 2030", Reuters (2008-06-20).
^ Douglas, William and Talev, Margaret. “McCain Proposes Economic Relief Targeting Seniors, Workers, Jobless”, Hartford Courant (2008-10-15).
^ Walshe, Shushannah. "McCain Sets Goals for His Presidency", Fox News (2008-05-15). Retrieved 2008-05-17.
^ "McCain on His Hopes for His First Term", The New York Times (2008-05-15). This is the full text of his May 15 speech. Retrieved 2008-05-17.
^ Kimball, Richard. "Program History", Project Vote Smart. Retrieved 2008-05-20. Also see Nintzel, Jim. "Test Study: Why are politicians like John McCain suddenly so afraid of Project Vote Smart?", Tucson Weekly (2008-04-17). Retrieved 2008-05-21. Also see Stein, Jonathan. "Senator Straight Talk Won't Go on the Record with Project Vote Smart", Mother Jones (2008-04-07). Retrieved 2008-05-21.
^ "Senator John Sidney McCain III (AZ)", Project Vote Smart. Retrieved 2008-05-20. Non-partisan information about McCain's issue positions is also provided online by other sources. See, e.g., "John McCain on the Issues", OnTheIssues. Retrieved 2008-05-18.
^ "Issues", McCain's official Senate web site. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
^ "Issues", johnmccain.com. Retrieved 2008-05-20.
^ Brooks, David. "The Character Factor", The New York Times (2007-11-13). Retrieved 2007-12-19.
^ Mitchell, Josh. "Military Veterans step up for John McCain", The Baltimore Sun (2008-02-05). Retrieved 2008-05-10.
^ ^a ^b Keller, Julia. "Me? A bad temper? Why, I oughta ...", Chicago Tribune (2008-05-01): "Anecdotes about McCain's short fuse—dashing off nasty letters, manhandling colleagues when they oppose him—have popped up in recent profiles. Conversely, though, we also want people in public life to be passionate and engaged. We want them to be fiery and feisty. We like them to care enough to blow their stacks every once in a while. Otherwise, we question the sincerity of their convictions." Retrieved 2008-05-10.
^ Jacobson, Gary. "Partisan Differences in Job Approval Ratings of George W. Bush and U.S. Senators in the States: An Exploration", Paper presented at annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, August 2006.
^ Hunt, Albert. "John McCain and Russell Feingold" in Profiles in Courage for Our Time, 256 (Kennedy, Caroline ed., Hyperion 2003): "The hero is indispensable to the McCain persona." ISBN 0-786-88678-1.
^ Purdum, Todd. "Prisoner of Conscience", Vanity Fair, February 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-19. The surgery took place in 2000.
^ Simon, Roger. "McCain's Health and Age Present Campaign Challenge", The Politico (2007-01-27). Retrieved 2007-11-23.
^ McCain, Worth the Fighting For, xvii: "God has given me heart enough for my ambitions, but too little forbearance to pursue them by routes other than a straight line."
^ Milbank, Dana. "A Candidate's Lucky Charms", The Washington Post (2000-02-19). Retrieved 2006-04-08.
^ Campanille, Carl. "'Like to Hike' McC Loves Uphill Climb, Stays Fit in Ariz. Outdoors", New York Post (2008-03-10). Retrieved 2008-05-19.
^ Corn, David. "A joke too bad to print?", Salon.com (1998-06-25). Retrieved 2006-08-16. Chelsea Clinton is the daughter of Bill Clinton and Hillary Clinton. In 1998, Janet Reno was the Attorney General of the United States.
^ Pilkington, Ed. "The joke that should have sunk McCain", The Guardian (2008-09-02). Retrieved 2008-09-03.
^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 194.
^ Gerhart, Ann and Groer, Annie (1998-06-16). "The Reliable Source". Washington Post. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/30267267.html?dids=30267267:30267267&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jun+16%2C+1998&author=Ann+Gerhart%3BAnnie+Groer&pub=The+Washington+Post&edition=&startpage=E.03&desc=THE+RELIABLE+SOURCE. Retrieved on 2008-05-24.
^ Dowd, Maureen. "The Joke's On Him", The New York Times (1998-06-21). Retrieved 2008-04-02.
^ Drew, Citizen McCain, 23.
^ "Best and Worst of Congress", Washingtonian, September 2006. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
^ Drew, Citizen McCain, 21–22.
^ Zengerle, Jason. "Papa John", The New Republic (2008-04-23). Retrieved 2008-04-11.
^ "A Conversation About What's Worth the Fight", Newsweek (2008-03-29): "I have — although certainly not in recent years — lost my temper and said intemperate things... I feel passionately about issues, and the day that passion goes away is the day I will go down to the old soldiers' home and find my rocking chair." Retrieved 2008-05-10.
^ "On The Hustings - April 21, 2008", The New York Sun (2008-04-21): "I am very happy to be a passionate man... many times I deal passionately when I find things that are not in the best interests of the American people. And so, look, 20, 25 years ago, 15 years ago, that's fine, and those stories here are either totally untrue or grossly exaggerated." Retrieved 2008-05-10.
^ Renshon, Stanley. "The Comparative Psychoanalytic Study of Political Leaders: John McCain and the Limits of Trait Psychology" in Profiling Political Leaders: Cross-cultural Studies of Personality and Behavior, 245 (Feldman and Valenty eds., Greenwood Publishing 2001): "McCain was not the only candidate or leader to have a temper." ISBN 0-275-97036-1.
^ Coleman, Michael. "Domenici Knows McCain Temper", Albuquerque Journal, Online Edition (2008-04-27). Retrieved 2008-05-10.
^ ^a ^b ^c Kranish, Michael. "Famed McCain temper is tamed", The Boston Globe (2008-01-27). Retrieved 2008-04-28.
^ Kane, Paul. "GOP Senators Reassess Views About McCain", The Washington Post (2008-02-04): "the past few years have seen fewer McCain outbursts, prompting some senators and aides to suggest privately that he is working to control his temper." Retrieved 2008-05-10.
^ Novak, Robert. "A Pork Baron Strikes Back", The Washington Post (2008-02-07). Retrieved 2008-05-04.
^ Michael Leahy. "McCain: A Question of Temperament", The Washington Post (2008-04-20). ("Cornyn is now a McCain supporter, as is Republican Sen. Thad Cochran of Mississippi, himself a past target of McCain's sharp tongue, especially over what McCain regarded as Cochran's hunger for pork-barrel projects in his state. Cochran landed in newspapers early during the campaign after declaring that the thought of McCain in the Oval Office 'sends a cold chill down my spine.'") Retrieved 2008-04-28. McCain aide Mark Salter challenged the accuracy of some other elements of Leahy's article; see "McCain's Temper, Ctd.", National Review Online (2008-04-20). Retrieved 2008-05-04.
^ Raju, Manu. "McCain reaches out to GOP senators with weekly meetings", The Hill (2008-04-30). Retrieved 2008-05-04
^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 144–145.
^ Bumiller, Elisabeth. "Two McCain Moments, Rarely Mentioned", The New York Times (2008-03-24). Retrieved 2008-03-24.
^ Tilghman, Andrew. "McCain win might stop sons from deploying", Navy Times (2008-03-10). Retrieved 2008-03-28.

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Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... is the 301st day of the year (302nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 40th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... U.S. News & World Report is a weekly newsmagazine. ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... is the 134th day of the year (135th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Volumes in the Library of America series The Library of America (LoA) is a nonprofit publisher of classic American literature. ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... is the 74th day of the year (75th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 87th day of the year (88th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Todd Stanley Purdum is a national editor and political correspondent for Vanity Fair (magazine). ... American actress Demi Moore, on a typical Vanity Fair cover (August, 1991) Vanity Fair is a glossy American glamour magazine monthly that offers a mixture of articles based on sensational exaggerations, jet-set and entertainment-business personalities, politics, and lies. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 19th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Arizona Republic is a newspaper published in Phoenix, Arizona. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Nicholas D. Kristof is a columnist for The New York Times whose specialty is East Asian affairs, especially those of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 112th day of the year (113th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Naval Historical Center (NHC) is the official history program of the United States Navy. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 139th day of the year (140th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This just IN !!!:paris hiltons new dog. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 104th day of the year (105th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 245th day of the year (246th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Arizona Republic is a newspaper published in Phoenix, Arizona. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 333rd day of the year (334th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Associated Press, or AP, is an American news agency, the worlds largest such organization. ... CBS News logo, used from Sept. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 108th day of the year (109th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 114th day of the year (115th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 149th day of the year (150th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 149th day of the year (150th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Washington Post is the largest newspaper in Washington, D.C.. It is also one of the citys oldest papers, having been founded in 1877. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 290th day of the year (291st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This just IN !!!:paris hiltons new dog. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 112th day of the year (113th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Arizona Republic is a newspaper published in Phoenix, Arizona. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 130th day of the year (131st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Washington Post is the largest newspaper in Washington, D.C.. It is also one of the citys oldest papers, having been founded in 1877. ... Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 130th day of the year (131st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Wall Street Journal (WSJ) is an international daily newspaper published by Dow Jones & Company in New York City, New York, USA, with Asian and European editions, and a worldwide daily circulation of more than 2 million as of 2006, with 931,000 paying online subscribers. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 107th day of the year (108th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Washington Post is the largest newspaper in Washington, D.C.. It is also one of the citys oldest papers, having been founded in 1877. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 94th day of the year (95th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 130th day of the year (131st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Screenshot of Salon. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Miami Herald is a daily newspaper owned by Knight Ridder. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 297th day of the year (298th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... John Dinges was special correspondent for Time, Washington Post and ABC Radio in Chile. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 297th day of the year (298th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 297th day of the year (298th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... is the 155th day of the year (156th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 353rd day of the year (354th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Arizona Republic is a newspaper published in Phoenix, Arizona. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 327th day of the year (328th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Michael Barone Michael Barone is a political expert and commentator. ... Richard E. Cohen is a journalist and author. ... The Almanac of American Politics is a reference work published biennially by the National Journal Group. ... The San Diego Union-Tribune is a daily newspaper published in San Diego, California by the Copley Press. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The University of Oklahoma Press is a university press that is part of the University of Oklahoma. ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 130th day of the year (131st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar. ... is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 109th day of the year (110th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 109th day of the year (110th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Arizona Republic is a newspaper published in Phoenix, Arizona. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 327th day of the year (328th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Arizona Republic is a newspaper published in Phoenix, Arizona. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 327th day of the year (328th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Washington Post is the largest newspaper in Washington, D.C.. It is also one of the citys oldest papers, having been founded in 1877. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 130th day of the year (131st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The United States Senate is the upper house of the U.S. Congress, smaller than the United States House of Representatives. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 G

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Early life and military career, 1936–1981 GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");