NationMaster - Encyclopedia: John McCarthy (computer scientist)

John McCarthy (born September 4, 1927, in Boston, Massachusetts, sometimes known affectionately as Uncle John McCarthy), is a prominent computer scientist who received the Turing Award in 1971 for his major contributions to the field of Artificial Intelligence. He was responsible for the coining of the term "Artificial Intelligence" in his 1955 proposal for the 1956 Dartmouth Conference. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3504x2332, 6117 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): John McCarthy (computer scientist) Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner... September 4 is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years). ... 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Nickname: City on the Hill, Beantown, The Hub (of the Universe)1, Athens of America, The Cradle of Revolution, Puritan City, Americas Walking City Location in Massachusetts, USA Counties Suffolk County Mayor Thomas M. Menino(D) Area - City 232. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Computer science (informally: CS or compsci) is, in its most general sense, the study of computation and information processing, both in hardware and in software. ... The A.M. Turing Award is given annually by the Association for Computing Machinery to a person selected for contributions of a technical nature made to the computing community. ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1971 calendar). ... Hondas humanoid robot AI redirects here. ... The Dartmouth Conference was the name of a conference organised by John McCarthy, in which he gathered together everyone who was interested in finding out about Artificial Intelligence (as it was then given its name). ...

McCarthy championed expressing knowledge declaratively in mathematical logic for Artificial Intelligence. In 1958, he proposed the advice taker, which inspired later work on question-answering and logic programming. He invented the Lisp programming language and published its design in Communications of the ACM in 1960. He helped to motivate the creation of Project MAC at MIT, but left MIT for Stanford University in 1962, where he helped set up the Stanford AI Laboratory, for many years a friendly rival to Project MAC. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... John McCarthy proposed the Advice Taker in his 1958 paper Programs with Common Sense [1]. It was probably the first proposal to use logic to represent information in a computer and not just as the subject matter of another program. ... Lisp is a family of computer programming languages with a long history and a distinctive fully-parenthesized syntax. ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... Project MAC, later the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science (LCS), was a research laboratory at MIT. Project MAC would become famous for groundbreaking research in operating systems, artificial intelligence, and the theory of computation. ... The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, or MIT, is a private coeducational research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. MIT has five schools and one college, containing 32 academic departments,[2] with a strong emphasis on theoretical, applied, and interdisciplinary scientific and technological research. ... The Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly known as Stanford University (or simply Stanford), is a private university located approximately 37 miles (60 kilometers) southeast of San Francisco and approximately 20 miles northwest of San JosÃ© in an unincorporated part of Santa Clara County. ... 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar). ... The Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (commonly called the Stanford AI Lab, or SAIL), was one of the leading centres for artificial intelligence research from the 1960s through the 1980s. ...

In 1961, he was the first to publicly suggest (in a speech given to celebrate MIT's centennial) that computer time-sharing technology might lead to a future in which computing power and even specific applications could be sold through the utility business model (like water or electricity). This idea of a computer or information utility was very popular in the late 1960s, but faded by the mid-1970s as it became clear that the hardware, software and telecommunications technologies of the time were simply not ready. However, since 2000, the idea has resurfaced in new forms. See application service provider. 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... Alternate uses: see Timesharing Time-sharing is an approach to interactive computing in which a single computer is used to provide apparently simultaneous interactive general-purpose computing to multiple users by sharing processor time. ... In economics, utility is a measure of the relative happiness or satisfaction (gratification) gained by consuming different bundles of goods and services. ... Water is a chemical substance that is essential to all known forms of life. ... Lightning strikes during a night-time thunderstorm. ... This article is about the year 2000. ... An application service provider (ASP) is a business that provides computer-based services to customers over a network. ...

McCarthy received his B.S. in Mathematics from the California Institute of Technology in 1948 and his Ph.D. in Mathematics from Princeton University in 1951. After short-term appointments at Princeton, Stanford, Dartmouth, and MIT, he became a full professor at Stanford in 1962, where he remained until his retirement at the end of 2000. He is now a Professor Emeritus. The California Institute of Technology (commonly referred to as Caltech)[1] is a private, coeducational university located in Pasadena, California, in the United States. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... Princeton University is a coeducational private university located in Princeton, New Jersey in the United States of America. ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... Dartmouth College is a private academic institution in Hanover, New Hampshire, in the United States. ... A professor giving a lecture The meaning of the word professor (Latin: one who claims publicly to be an expert) varies. ...

John McCarthy often comments on world affairs on the Usenet forums. Some of his ideas can be found in his sustainability web page, which is "aimed at showing that human material progress is desirable and sustainable". Usenet (USEr NETwork) is a global, distributed bulletin board system (BBS). ...

The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Richard M. Karp (born 1935) is a computer scientist, notable for research in the theory of algorithms, for which he received a Turing Award in 1985. ...

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In discrete mathematics, the McCarthy 91 function is a recursive function which returns 91 for all positive integer arguments n â‰¤ 101 and returns for n > 101. ... Image File history File links JohnMcCarthy041006_part1. ...

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Turing award laureates

1966: Perlis • 67: Wilkes • 68: Hamming • 69: Minsky • 70: Wilkinson • 71: McCarthy • 72: Dijkstra • 73: Bachman • 74: Knuth • 75: Newell, Simon • 76: Rabin, Scott • 77: Backus • 78: Floyd • 79: Iverson • 80: Hoare • 81: Codd • 82: Cook • 83: Thompson, Ritchie • 84: Wirth • 85: Karp • 86: Hopcroft, Tarjan • 87: Cocke • 88: Sutherland • 89: Kahan • 90: Corbató • 91: Milner • 92: Lampson • 93: Hartmanis, Sterns • 94: Feigenbaum, Reddy • 95: Blum • 96: Pnueli • 97: Engelbart • 98: Gray • 99: Brooks • 2000: Yao • 01: Dahl, Nygaard • 02: Rivest, Shamir, Adleman • 03: Kay • 04: Cerf, Kahn • 05: Naur Image File history File links Wikiquote-logo-en. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The A.M. Turing Award is given annually by the Association for Computing Machinery to a person selected for contributions of a technical nature made to the computing community. ... Alan Jay Perlis (April 1, 1922 - February 7, 1990) was a prominent U.S. computer scientist. ... Maurice V. Wilkes Maurice Vincent Wilkes (born June 26, 1913 in Dudley, Staffordshire, England) is a British computer scientist, credited with several important developments in computing. ... Richard Wesley Hamming (February 11, 1915 â€“ January 7, 1998) was a mathematician whose work had many implications for computer science and telecommunications. ... Marvin Lee Minsky (born August 9, 1927), sometimes affectionately known as Old Man Minsky, is an American cognitive scientist in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), co-founder of MITs AI laboratory, and author of several texts on AI and philosophy. ... James Hardy Wilkinson (27 September 1919â€“5 October 1986) was a prominent figure in the field of numerical analysis, a field at the boundary of applied mathematics and computer science particularly useful to physics and engineering. ... Edsger Dijkstra Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (Rotterdam, May 11, 1930 â€“ Nuenen, August 6, 2002; IPA: ) was a Dutch computer scientist. ... Charles W. Bachman is a prominent computer scientist, particularly in the area of databases. ... Donald Knuth at a reception for the Open Content Alliance. ... Allen Newell (March 19, 1927 - July 19, 1992) was a researcher in computer science and cognitive psychology at the RAND corporation and at Carnegie-Mellonâ€™s School of Computer Science. ... Herbert Alexander Simon (June 15, 1916 â€“ February 9, 2001) was an American political scientist whose research ranged across the fields of cognitive psychology, computer science, public administration, economics, management, and philosophy of science and a professor, most notably, at Carnegie Mellon University. ... Michael Oser Rabin (born 1931 in Breslau, Germany, today in Poland) is a noted computer scientist and a recipient of the Turing Award, the most prestigious award in the field. ... Dana Stewart Scott (born 1932) is the emeritus Hillman University Professor of Computer Science, Philosophy, and Mathematical Logic at Carnegie Mellon University; he is now retired and lives in Berkeley, California. ... John Backus (born December 3, 1924) is an American computer scientist, notable as the inventor of the first high-level programming language (FORTRAN), the Backus-Naur form (BNF, the almost universally used notation to define formal language syntax), and the concept of Function-level programming. ... Robert W Floyd (June 8, 1936 - September 25, 2001) was an eminent computer scientist. ... Kenneth Eugene Iverson (17 December 1920, Camrose, Alberta, Canada â€“ 19 October 2004, Toronto, Ontario, Canada) was a computer scientist most notable for developing the APL programming language in 1957. ... Sir Charles Antony Richard Hoare (Tony Hoare or C.A.R. Hoare, born January 11, 1934) is a British computer scientist, probably best known for the development of Quicksort, the worlds most widely used sorting algorithm, in 1960. ... Edgar Ted Codd Edgar F. Ted Codd (August 23, 1923 â€“ April 18, 2003) was a British computer scientist who made seminal contributions to the theory of relational databases. ... Stephen A. Cook is a noted computer scientist. ... Ken Thompson Kenneth Thompson (born February 4, 1943) is a computer scientist notable for his contributions to the development of the C programming language and the UNIX operating system. ... Dennis Ritchie Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie (born September 9, 1941) is a computer scientist notable for his influence on ALTRAN, B, BCPL, C, Multics, and Unix. ... Niklaus Wirth giving a lecture Niklaus E. Wirth (born February 15, 1934) is a Swiss computer scientist. ... Richard M. Karp (born 1935) is a computer scientist, notable for research in the theory of algorithms, for which he received a Turing Award in 1985. ... John Hopcroft John E. Hopcroft (born October 7, 1939) is a renowned theoretical computer scientist and the grandson of Jacob Nist, founder of the Seattle Box Company. ... Robert Endre Tarjan (born April 30, 1948 in Pomona, California) is a renowned computer scientist. ... John Cocke (May 30, 1925 - July 16, 2002) was an American computer scientist recognised for his large contribution to computer architecture and optimizing compiler design. ... Ivan Sutherland Ivan Sutherland, working at MIT (1963) Ivan Edward Sutherland (born 1938 in Hastings, Nebraska) is a computer programmer and Internet pioneer. ... William Velvel Kahan (born June 5, 1933, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada) is an eminent mathematician and computer scientist. ... Fernando JosÃ© CorbatÃ³ (born July 1, 1926) is a prominent computer scientist, notable as a pioneer in the development of time-sharing operating systems. ... Robin Milner is a prominent British computer scientist. ... Butler W. Lampson is a computer scientist, considered to be one of the most significant in the history of the field. ... Juris Hartmanis (born July 7, 1928 in Riga, Latvia) is a prominent computer scientist who, with Richard E. Stearns, received the 1993 ACM Turing Award in recognition of their seminal paper which established the foundations for the field of computational complexity theory. Born in Latvia, he moved to Germany after... Richard Edwin Stearns is a prominent computer scientist who, with Juris Hartmanis, received the 1993 ACM Turing Award in recognition of their seminal paper which established the foundations for the field of computational complexity theory. Stearns is now Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Computer Science at the University at Albany, which... Edward Albert Feigenbaum (born January 20, 1936) is a computer scientist working in the field of artificial intelligence. ... Raj Reddy Dabblal Rajagopal Raj Reddy (born June 13, 1937 in Katoor, India, near Madras) is a world-renowned researcher in artificial intelligence, robotics, and human-computer interaction. ... Manuel Blum (born 26 April 1938 in Caracas, Venezuela) is a computer scientist who received the Turing Award in 1995 In recognition of his contributions to the foundations of computational complexity theory and its application to cryptography and program checking. // Biography Blum attended MIT, where he received his bachelors... Amir Pnueli (born April 22, 1941) is an Israeli computer scientist who received the Turing Award in 1996 for seminal work introducing temporal logic into computing science and for outstanding contributions to program and systems verification. ... Dr. Douglas C. Engelbart (born January 30, 1925 in Oregon) is an American inventor of German descent. ... James N. Jim Gray (born 1944) is an American computer scientist who received the Turing Award in 1998 for seminal contributions to database and transaction processing research and technical leadership in system implementation. ... Frederick Phillips Brooks, Jr. ... Andrew Chi-Chih Yao (Chinese: å§šæœŸæ™º; Hanyu Pinyin: ) (born December 24, 1946) is a prominent computer scientist. ... Professor emeritus Ole-Johan Dahl (October 12, 1931 â€“ June 29, 2002) was a Norwegian computer scientist and is considered to be one of the fathers of Simula and object-oriented programming along with Kristen Nygaard. ... Kristen Nygaard Kristen Nygaard (August 27, 1926 - August 10, 2002) was a Norwegian mathematician, computer programming language pioneer and politician. ... Professor Ron Rivest Professor Ronald Linn Rivest (born 1947, Schenectady, New York) is a cryptographer, and is the Andrew and Erna Viterbi Professor of Computer Science at MITs Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. ... Adi Shamir at the CRYPTO 2003 conference. ... Leonard Adleman Leonard Adleman (born December 31, 1945) is a theoretical computer scientist and professor of computer science and molecular biology at the University of Southern California. ... Alan Kay during an interview. ... Dr. Vinton Cerf Vinton Gray Cerf (born June 23, 1943) is an American computer scientist who is commonly referred to as one of the founding fathers of the Internet for his key technical and managerial role in the creation of the Internet and the TCP/IP protocols which it uses. ... Robert E. Kahn, (born December 23, 1938), along with Vinton G. Cerf, invented the TCP/IP protocol, the technology used to transmit information on the modern Internet. ... Portrait of Peter Naur taken 1968, courtesy of Robert M. McClure. ...

Encyclopedia > John McCarthy (computer scientist)

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