John Osborne

Born:	12 December 1929 Fulham, London, England
Died:	24 December 1994 Clun, Shropshire, England
Occupation:	Playwright, social rebel, political activist
Nationality:	English
Writing period:	1950 - 1992
Genres:	Social Realism, Kitchen Sink Drama
Literary movement:	Angry Young Man
Debut works:	Play: Look Back in Anger, 1956 Screenplay: Tom Jones, 1963
Influences:	Max Miller
Influenced:	Theatre in the UK

John James Osborne (December 12, 1929 – December 24, 1994) was an English playwright, screenwriter, and critic of the Establishment. The stunning success of his 1956 play Look Back in Anger literally transformed English theatre. In a productive life of more than 40 years, Osborne explored many themes and genres, writing for stage, film and TV. His personal life was extravagant and iconoclastic. He was notorious for his abuse of women, including his own daughter. He is also the founder of kitchen sink drama(new realsim) December 12 is the 346th day (347th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 19 days remaining. ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... For the place in Adelaide, South Australia see Fulham, South Australia Fulham is an area of London in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, located 3. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_England_(bordered). ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II  -  Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification  -  by Athelstan 967  Area... December 24 is the 358th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (359th in leap years). ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... Map sources for Clun at grid reference SO352801 Clun is a small town in Shropshire, England, in the district of South Shropshire. ... Shropshire (alternatively Salop or abbreviated Shrops) is an English county in the West Midlands region of the United Kingdom. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II  -  Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification  -  by Athelstan 967  Area... For the album by the Kaiser Chiefs see Employment (album) Employment is a contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. ... In English usage, nationality is the legal relationship between a person and a country. ... This article is about the English as an ethnic group and nation. ... 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... A literary genre is one of the divisions of literature into genres according to particular criteria such as literary technique, tone, or content. ... A Diego Rivera mural depicting factory workers in Detroit Social Realism is an artistic movement, expressed in the visual and other realist arts, which depicts working class activities as heroic. ... Kitchen sink drama was a recognisable British cultural movement in the late 1950s and early 1960s. ... ... Angry young man is a common referrence to amitabh bachchan, the mega film star in india. ... Look Back in Anger (1956) is a John Osborne play and 1958 movie about a love triangle involving an intelligent but disaffected young man (Jimmy Porter), his upper-middle-class, impassive wife (Alison), and her snooty best friend (Helena Charles). ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... Max Miller, the Cheeky Chappie, was a 1930s English music hall comedian famous for his daringly risqué (for the period) repertoire (see Censorship), and gaudy suits. ... Serge Sudeikins poster for the Bat Theatre (1922). ... December 12 is the 346th day (347th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 19 days remaining. ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... December 24 is the 358th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (359th in leap years). ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II  -  Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification  -  by Athelstan 967  Area... Template:Unsourced A playwright, also known as a dramatist, is someone who writes dramatic literature or drama. ... Screenwriters, scenarists or script writers, are authors who write the screenplays from which movies and television programs are made. ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Look Back in Anger (1956) is a John Osborne play and 1958 movie about a love triangle involving an intelligent but disaffected young man (Jimmy Porter), his upper-middle-class, impassive wife (Alison), and her snooty best friend (Helena Charles). ...

He came onto the theatrical scene at a time when British acting was enjoying a golden age, but most great plays came from the United States and France. British plays remained blind to the complexities of the postwar period. Osborne was one of the first writers to address Britain's purpose in the post-imperial age. He was the first to question the point of the monarchy on a prominent public stage. During his peak (1956-1966), he helped make contempt an honest and healthy onstage emotion, argued for the cleansing wisdom of bad behaviour and bad taste, and combined unsparing truthfulness with devastating wit. The British monarch or Sovereign is the head of state of the United Kingdom and in the British overseas territories. ...

Early life

He was born in December 1929 in London, the son of Thomas Godfrey Osborne, a commercial artist and advertising copywriter of South Welsh extraction, and Nellie Beatrice, a Cockney barmaid. He adored his father and hated his mother, whom he later wrote taught him "The fatality of hatred … She is my disease, an invitation to my sick room", and described her as "hypocritical, self-absorbed, calculating and indifferent". Thomas died in 1941, leaving the young boy an insurance settlement which he used to finance a private education at Belmont College, a minor public school in Devon. He entered the school in 1943 but was expelled in the summer term of 1945 after whacking the headmaster, who had struck him for listening to a forbidden broadcast by Frank Sinatra. School certificate was the only formal qualification he acquired, but he possessed a native intelligence. This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Copywriting is the process of writing the words that promote a person, business, opinion, or idea. ... Approximate extent of South Wales South Wales (Welsh: ) is an area of Wales bordered by England and the Bristol Channel to the east and south, and Mid Wales and West Wales to the north and west. ... St Mary-le-Bow The term cockney refers to working-class inhabitants of London, particularly east London, and the slang used by these people. ... “Devonshire” redirects here. ... Francis Albert Sinatra (December 12, 1915 – May 14, 1998) was a jazz oriented popular singer and Academy Award-winning actor. ...

After school, Osborne went home to his mother in London and briefly tried trade journalism. A job tutoring a touring company of junior actors introduced him to the theatre. He soon became involved as a stage manager and acting, joining Anthony Creighton's provincial touring company. Osborne tried his hand at writing plays, co-writing his first, The Devil Inside Him, with his mentor Stella Linden, who then directed it at the Theatre Royal, Huddersfield in 1950. Around this time he also married Pamela Lane. His second play Personal Enemy was written with Anthony Creighton (with whom he also wrote Epitaph for George Dillon staged at the Royal Court in 1958) and staged in regional theatres before he submitted Look Back in Anger. Trade Journalism reports on the movements and developments of the business world by way of articles or analysis. ... Part of the stage managers panel at Wolf Trap Center for the Performing Arts Stage management is a sub-discipline of stagecraft. ... Anthony Creighton co-wrote An Epitaph for George Dillon with John Osborne. ... Poster for the 2005 production of Epitaph for George Dillon Epitaph for George Dillon is an early John Osborne play, one of two he wrote in collaboration with Anthony Creighton (the other is Personal Enemy). ... Regional theatres (also called resident theatres) in the United States are professional theatre companies outside of New York City that produce their own seasons. ... Look Back in Anger (1956) is a John Osborne play and 1958 movie about a love triangle involving an intelligent but disaffected young man (Jimmy Porter), his upper-middle-class, impassive wife (Alison), and her snooty best friend (Helena Charles). ...

Look Back in Anger

Written in seventeen days in a deckchair on Morecambe pier where he was performing in a creaky rep show called Seagulls over Sorrento, Look Back in Anger was largely autobiographical, based on his time living, and rowing, with Pamela Lane in cramped accommodation in Derby while she cuckolded him with a local dentist. It was submitted to agents all over London and returned with great rapidity. In his autobiography, Osborne writes: "The speed with which it had been returned was not surprising, but its aggressive dispatch did give me a kind of relief. It was like being grasped at the upper arm by a testy policeman and told to move on". Finally it was sent to the newly-formed English Stage Company at London's Royal Court Theatre. Formed by actor-manager and artistic director George Devine, the company's first three productions had been flops and it urgently needed a success if it was to survive. Devine was prepared to gamble on this play because he saw in it a ferocious and scowling articulation of a new post-war spirit. Osborne was living on a leaky houseboat on the River Thames at the time with Creighton, stewing up nettles from the riverbank to eat. So keen was Devine to contact Osborne that he rowed out to the boat to tell him he would like to make the play the fourth production to enter repertory. The play was directed by Tony Richardson and starred Kenneth Haigh, Mary Ure, and Alan Bates. It was a part-time press officer at the theatre who invented the phrase angry young man. Look Back in Anger (1956) is a John Osborne play and 1958 movie about a love triangle involving an intelligent but disaffected young man (Jimmy Porter), his upper-middle-class, impassive wife (Alison), and her snooty best friend (Helena Charles). ... Derby (pronounced dar-bee ) is a city in the East Midlands of England. ... A cuckold is a married man whose wife has sex with other men. ... The Royal Court Theatre is a not-for-profit theatre in Sloane Square, in the Chelsea area of London. ... The Royal Court Theatre is a non-commercial theatre in Sloane Square, in the Chelsea area of London noted for its contributions to modern theatre. ... The artistic director of a theatre is responsible for choosing the material staged in a season, and the hiring of creative/production personnel (such as directors), as well as other theatre management tasks. ... George Alexander Cassady Devine CBE (November 20, 1910 - January 20, 1966) was an extremely influential theatrical manager, director, teacher and actor in London from the late 1940s until his death. ... The Thames (pronounced //) is a river flowing through southern England, and one of the major waterways in England. ... Species See text Nettles are members of the genus Urtica in the family Urticaceae. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... Tony Richardson (June 5, 1928 - November 14, 1991) was a British theatre and film director and producer. ... Kenneth Haigh (born March 25, 1930 in Mexborough, Yorkshire) is a British actor. ... Mary Ure (February 18, 1933 - April 3, 1975) was a British actress. ... Alan Bates as butler in Gosford Park (2001) Sir Alan Arthur Bates CBE, (February 17, 1934 – December 27, 2003) was a British actor. ... Angry Young Men (or Angries for short) is a journalistic catchphrase applied to a number of British playwrights and novelists from the mid-1950s. ...

In 1993, a year before his death, Osborne wrote that the opening night was "an occasion I only partly remember, but certainly with more accuracy than those who subsequently claimed to have been present and, if they are to be believed, would have filled the theatre several times over". Reviews were mixed. Most of the critics who attended the first night felt it was a failure, and it looked as if the English Stage Company was going to go into liquidation. The Evening Standard, for example, called the play "a failure" and "a self-pitying snivel". But the following Sunday, Kenneth Tynan of The Observer - the most influential critic of the age - praised it to the skies: 'I could not love anyone who did not wish to see Look Back in Anger,' he wrote, "It is the best young play of its decade". Harold Hobson of the The Sunday Times called Osborne "a writer of outstanding promise". During production, the married Osborne began a relationship with Mary Ure, and would divorce his wife, Pamela Lane, to marry her in 1957. The play went on to be an enormous commercial success, transferring to the West End and to Broadway, touring to Moscow and in 1958 a film version was released with Richard Burton and Mary Ure in the leading roles. The play turned Osborne from a struggling playwright into a wealthy and famous angry young man and won him the Evening Standard Drama Award as the most promising playwright of the year. Headlines of the Evening Standard on the day of London bombing on July 7, 2005, in Waterloo Station The Evening Standard is a British tabloid newspaper published and sold in London and surrounding areas of southeast England. ... Kenneth Peacock Tynan (April 2, 1927 - July 26, 1980), was an influential and often controversial British theatre critic and writer. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Sir Harold Hobson (1904-1992) was an influential English drama critic and author. ... The Sunday Times is a Sunday broadsheet newspaper distributed in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland, published by Times Newspapers Ltd, a subsidiary of News International which is in turn owned by News Corporation. ... Mary Ure (February 18, 1933 - April 3, 1975) was a British actress. ... The interior of Covent Garden Market in the West End The West End of London is an area of central London, containing many of the citys major tourist attractions, businesses, and administrative headquarters. ... Broadway theatre[1] is the most prestigious form of professional theatre in the U.S., as well as the most well known to the general public and most lucrative for the performers, technicians and others involved in putting on the shows. ... Location Position of Moscow in Europe Government Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Geographical characteristics Area  - City 1,081 km² Population  - City (2007)    - Density 10,469,000   9684. ... Richard Burton CBE (November 10, 1925 – August 5, 1984) was a Welsh actor. ...

The Entertainer and into the 1960s

Initially afraid of this new revolution in theatre and seeing himself as a target, Laurence Olivier, then making The Prince and the Showgirl (itself based on a Rattigan play) with Marilyn Monroe, saw Look Back in Anger in London with her then husband Arthur Miller. He was stunned when Miller found it a revelation and expressed great admiration to the playwright backstage. He was sent the incomplete script of The Entertainer (1957, filmed in 1959) and took the lead role to great acclaim both at the Royal Court and then in the West End^[1]. The Entertainer uses the metaphor of the dying music hall tradition to comment on the moribund state of the British Empire, something flagrantly revealed during the Suez Crisis of November 1956 which elliptically forms the backdrop to the play. An experimental piece, The Entertainer was interspersed with vaudeville performances. Most critics praised the development of an exciting writing talent: Laurence Kerr Olivier, Baron Olivier, OM (22 May 1907–11 July 1989) was an Academy Award, Golden Globe, BAFTA and four-time Emmy winning English actor, director, and producer. ... Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson on June 1, 1926 – August 5, 1962), was a Golden Globe Award-winning American actress, singer, model and pop icon. ... Arthur Asher Miller (October 17, 1915 – February 10, 2005) was an American playwright, essayist, and commited suicide in 2005 because of his wife was caught cheating and havin an affair . ... The Entertainer was a 1960 film which told the story of a failing stage performer who tried to keep his career going even as his personal life fell apart. ... Music Hall is a form of British theatrical entertainment which reached its peak of popularity between 1850 and 1960. ... The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ... Combatants Israel United Kingdom France Egypt Commanders Moshe Dayan Charles Keightley Pierre Barjot Gamal Abdel Nasser Strength 175,000 Israeli 45,000 British 34,000 French 70,000 Casualties 197 Israeli KIA 56 British KIA 91 British WIA 10 French KIA 43 French WIA 650 KIA 2,900 WIA 2... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

The words are Archie Rice's, though as with much of Osborne's work they could be said to represent his own sentiments, as with this quote from Look Back in Anger:

Following The Entertainer were The World of Paul Slickey (1959) a musical which satirizes the tabloid press, the unusual television documentary play A Subject of Scandal and Concern (1960) and the 1962 double bill Plays for England, comprising "The Blood of the Bambergs" and "Under Plain Covers".

Luther, depicting the life of Martin Luther, the archetypal rebel of an earlier century, was first performed in 1961, it transferred to Broadway and won Osborne a Tony Award. Inadmissible Evidence was first performed in 1964. In between these plays, Osborne won an Oscar for his 1963 adaptation of Tom Jones. A Patriot for Me (1965) was a tale of turn-of-the-century homosexuality and was instrumental in putting the boot in to the eighteenth-century system of theatrical censorship under the Lord Chamberlain. Both A Patriot For Me and The Hotel in Amsterdam won Evening Standard Best Play of the Year awards. Luther (1961) is a play by John Osborne that explored the forces that were involved in the life of the famous reformer. ... Martin Luther (November 10, 1483 – February 18, 1546) was a German monk,[1] priest, professor, theologian, and church reformer. ... What is popularly called the Tony Award (formally, the Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Theatre) is an annual award celebrating achievements in live American theater, including musical theater, primarily honoring productions on Broadway in New York. ... Academy Award The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are the most prominent and most watched film awards ceremony in the world. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... ÃA Patriot For Me is a play by John Osborne based on the true story of Alfred Redl. ... Homosexuality refers to sexual interaction and / or romantic attraction between individuals of the same sex. ... Censorship is the removal or withholding of information from the public by a controlling group or body. ... The Lord Chamberlain or Lord Chamberlain of the Household is one of the chief officers of the Royal Household in the United Kingdom, and is to be distinguished from the Lord Great Chamberlain, one of the Great Officers of State. ...

1970s and later life

In 1971, Osborne turned in his most famous acting appearance, lending Cyril Kinnear a sense of civil menace in Get Carter. A Sense of Detachment, appeared in 1972. In 1978 he appeared as an actor in Tomorrow Never Comes and in 1980 in Flash Gordon. Get Carter is a 1971 British crime film, directed by Mike Hodges and starring Michael Caine as Jack Carter, a gangster who sets out to avenge the death of his brother. ... Tomorrow Never Comes is the Debut album by XINLISUPREME, released in 2002. ... Flash Gordon is a science fiction comic strip originally drawn by Alex Raymond, first published on January 7, 1934. ...

Through the 1980s Osborne played the role of Shropshire squire with great pleasure and a heavy dose of irony. He wrote a diary for The Spectator. He opened his garden to raise money for the church roof, from which he threatened to withdraw covenant-funding unless the vicar restored the Book of Common Prayer. (He had returned to the Church of England about 1974.) Shropshire (alternatively Salop or abbreviated Shrops) is an English county in the West Midlands region of the United Kingdom. ... Cover of the Nov 12, 2005 issue of The Spectator magazine. ... For the novel by Joan Didion, see A Book of Common Prayer. ... The Church of England is the officially established Christian church[1] in England, and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion. ...

In the last decade of his life, he published two volumes of autobiography, A Better Class of Person (1981) and Almost a Gentleman (1991). Cover of the first English edition of 1793 of Benjamin Franklins autobiography. ...

He also collected various newspaper and magazine writings together in 1994 under the title Damn You, England. At his memorial service in 1995, playwright David Hare said: David Hare (born June 5, 1947) is an English dramatist and director. ...

His last play was Déjà Vu (1991), a sequel to Look Back in Anger.

Complete works

sources: doollee.com and John Osborne: A Patriot for Us by John Heilpern, Chatto & Windus, 2006 ISBN 978-0-70116-780-7 The Great Bear is a 1951 play, never produced, by British playwright John Osborne. ... Anthony Creighton co-wrote An Epitaph for George Dillon with John Osborne. ... Look Back in Anger (1956) is a John Osborne play and 1958 movie about a love triangle involving an intelligent but disaffected young man (Jimmy Porter), his upper-middle-class, impassive wife (Alison), and her snooty best friend (Helena Charles). ... The Entertainer was a 1960 film which told the story of a failing stage performer who tried to keep his career going even as his personal life fell apart. ... Poster for the 2005 production of Epitaph for George Dillon Epitaph for George Dillon is an early John Osborne play, one of two he wrote in collaboration with Anthony Creighton (the other is Personal Enemy). ... Anthony Creighton co-wrote An Epitaph for George Dillon with John Osborne. ... Luther (1961) is a play by John Osborne that explored the forces that were involved in the life of the famous reformer. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... The Charge of the Light Brigade is the name of several movies that cover the disastrous attack known as the Charge of the Light Brigade that occurred during the Crimean War. ... Actress Cate Blanchett in the title role of Hedda Gabler Hedda Gabler is both a play and a fictional character created by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen. ... Gaius Marcius Coriolanus is widely believed to be a legendary figure who is said to have lived during the 5th century BC. He was given the agnomen Coriolanus as a result of his action in capturing the Volscian town of Corioli in 493 BC. Venturia at the Feet of Coriolanus... Dorian Gray is the main character of Oscar Wildes novel The Picture of Dorian Gray. ... Try A Little Tenderness is a 1978 play, never produced, by British playwright John Osborne. ... The Father is a 1989 play by British playwright John Osborne. ...

Critical responses, idols and effect

Osborne was a great fan of Max Miller and saw parallels between them. 'I love him, (Max Miller) because he embodied a kind of theatre I admire most. 'Mary from the Dairy' was an overture to the danger that (Max) might go too far. Whenever anyone tells me that a scene or a line in a play of mine goes too far in some way then I know my instinct has been functioning as it should. When such people tell you that a particular passage makes the audience uneasy or restless, then they seem (to me) as cautious and absurd as landladies and girls-who-won't.' Max Miller, the Cheeky Chappie, was a 1930s English music hall comedian famous for his daringly risqué (for the period) repertoire (see Censorship), and gaudy suits. ...

Osborne's work transformed British theatre. He helped to make it artistically respected again, throwing off the formal constraints of the former generation, and turning our attention once more to language, theatrical rhetoric, and emotional intensity. He saw theatre as a weapon with which ordinary people could break down the class barriers and that he had a 'beholden duty to kick against the pricks'. He wanted his plays to be a reminder of real pleasures and real pains. David Hare said in his memorial address:

Osborne did change the world of theatre, influencing playwrights such as Edward Albee and Mike Leigh. However, work of his authenticity and originality would remain the exception rather than the rule. This did not surprise Osborne; nobody understood the tackiness of the theatre better than the man who had played Hamlet on Hayling Island. He was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Writer's Guild of Great Britain. Edward Albee, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1961 Edward Franklin Albee III (born March 12, 1928) is an American playwright known for works including Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, The Zoo Story, and The Sandbox. ... Mike Leigh OBE (born February 20, 1943 in Broughton, Salford, Lancashire) is an award winning English film and theatre director. ... An award is something given to a person or group of people to recognize excellence in a certain field. ... The Writers Guild of America (WGA) is the collective bargaining representative, or labor union, for writers in the motion picture and television industries in the United States. ...

Osborne joined the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament in 1959. However, like Philip Larkin, he drifted to the libertarian, unorganized right, considering himself "a radical who hates change". Later it became clear that, as he tore up the polite fictions of a century and a half, John Osborne was a patriot reconnecting England with its earlier, more violent, and emotional self. Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament logo In British politics, the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament has been at the forefront of the peace movement in the United Kingdom and claims to be Europes largest single-issue peace campaign. ... Philip Arthur Larkin (9 August 1922 – 2 December 1985) was an English poet, novelist and jazz critic. ...

Women

Osborne remained angry until the end of his life. Many women seem to have found his anger attractive - he had more than his fair share of lovers in addition to wives, and he was not kind to them. In fact, there is plenty of evidence that in relationships he was an out-and-out cad. In his own autobiography he details some of the brazen subterfuges he created in order to commit adultery with Penelope Gilliatt before they were married. Jill Bennett's suicide is generally believed to have been a result of Osborne's rejection of her. He said of Bennett: "She was the most evil woman I have come across", and showed open contempt for her suicide.^[6] Penelope Gilliatt (March 25, 1932 – May 9, 1993) was an English novelist, short story writer, screenwriter, and film critic. ...

In his 2006 biography,^[7] John Heilpern describes at length a vacation in Valbonne,^[8] France, in 1961, that Osborne shared with Tony Richardson, a distraught George Devine, and others. Feigning bafflement over the romantic entanglements of the time, Heilpern writes: Valbonne is a village and commune near Nice, in the Alpes-Maritimes département, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte dAzur région of southeastern France. ... Tony Richardson (June 5, 1928 - November 14, 1991) was a British theatre and film director and producer. ... George Alexander Cassady Devine CBE (November 20, 1910 - January 20, 1966) was an extremely influential theatrical manager, director, teacher and actor in London from the late 1940s until his death. ...

Osborne's vexations with women extended to an extremely cruel relationship with his daughter Nolan, born from his marriage with Penelope Gilliatt. His vicious abuse of his teenaged daughter culminated with him casting her out of his house when she was aged seventeen. They never spoke again.^[13] Only his last marriage was comparatively devoted and private, as his wife was intelligent but held no competing ambitions. Royal court (as distinguished from a court of law) may refer to a number of institutions: A noble court - the household or entourage of a monarch or other ruler The Royal Court of Jersey - the main court of justice of Jersey The Royal Court of Guernsey - the main court of... Penelope Gilliatt (March 25, 1932 – May 9, 1993) was an English novelist, short story writer, screenwriter, and film critic. ...

He was married five times; the first four ended in divorce, the last in his death:

• 1) Pamela Lane (1951-1957; inspired Alison Porter from Look Back in Anger)
• 2) Mary Ure (1957-1963)
• 3) Penelope Gilliatt (1963-1968)
• 4) Jill Bennett (1968-1977)
• 5) Helen Dawson (former arts journalist and critic for The Observer, 1978-1994)

Mary Ure (February 18, 1933 - April 3, 1975) was a British actress. ... Penelope Gilliatt (March 25, 1932 – May 9, 1993) was an English novelist, short story writer, screenwriter, and film critic. ... Jill Bennett (December 24, 1931 - October 4, 1990) was a British actress best known as the fourth wife of playwright John Osborne. ...

Death

After a serious liver crisis in 1987, Osborne became a diabetic, injecting twice a day. He died from complications from his diabetes at the age of 65 at his home in Clunton, near Craven Arms, Shropshire. He is buried in St George's churchyard, Clun, Shropshire alongside his last wife, Helen, who died in 2004. For the disease characterized by excretion of large amounts of very dilute urine, see diabetes insipidus. ... Clunton is a village in Shropshire near to the small town of Clun. ... Statistics Population: 2,289 Ordnance Survey OS grid reference: SO432828 Administration District: South Shropshire Shire county: Shropshire Region: West Midlands Constituent country: England Sovereign state: United Kingdom Other Ceremonial county: Shropshire Historic county: Shropshire Services Police force: West Mercia Ambulance service: West Midlands Post office and telephone Post town: CRAVEN... Map sources for Clun at grid reference SO352801 Clun is a small town in Shropshire, England, in the district of South Shropshire. ...

References