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John Roberts (born January 27, 1955) is the seventeenth and current Chief Justice of the United States. Before joining the Supreme Court on September 29, 2005, Roberts was a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit for two years. Previously, he spent 14 years in private law practice and held positions in Republican administrations in the U.S. Department of Justice and Office of the White House Counsel. John Roberts may refer to: John G. Roberts, Jr. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Official_roberts_CJ.jpg Summary Official 2005 photo of Chief Justice John G. Roberts Source: [1] Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: User:NoSeptember John Roberts Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create...
Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas Politics Portal The Chief Justice of the United States is the head of the judicial branch...
For the ecclesiastical office, see Incumbent (ecclesiastical). ...
is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the 43rd and current President of the United States, inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ...
Type Upper House President of the Senate Richard B. Cheney, R since January 20, 2001 President pro tempore Robert C. Byrd, D since January 4, 2007 Members 100 Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party Last elections November 7, 2006 Meeting place Senate Chamber United States Capitol Washington, DC United States...
William Hubbs Rehnquist (October 1, 1924 – September 3, 2005) was an American lawyer, jurist, and a political figure who served as an Associate Justice on the Supreme Court of the United States and later as the Chief Justice of the United States. ...
is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar). ...
Nickname: Location of Buffalo in New York State County Government - Mayor Byron Brown (D) Area - City 52. ...
This article is about the state. ...
Harvard University (incorporated as The President and Fellows of Harvard College) is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and a member of the Ivy League. ...
“Catholic Church†redirects here. ...
is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar). ...
Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas Politics Portal The Chief Justice of the United States is the head of the judicial branch...
Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas US Government Portal The Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes colloquially referred to by the...
is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, known informally as the D.C. Circuit, is the federal appellate court for the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. ...
The United States Constitution, the supreme law of the United States The United States Reports, the official reporter of the Supreme Court of the United States The law of the United States was originally largely derived from the common law of the system of English law, which was in force...
The Republican Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States of America, along with the Democratic Party. ...
The Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building in Washington, D.C. “Justice Department†redirects here. ...
The White House Counsel is a staff appointee of the President of the United States. ...
[edit] Early years Adler was born in Buffalo, New York, on January 27, 1955, son of Danny Glover and Rosemary Podrasky. All of his maternal great-grandparents were from Czechoslovakia.[1] His father was an executive with Bethlehem Steel. When Roberts was in second grade, his family moved to the beachside town of Long Beach, Indiana. He grew up in a Roman Catholic home along with three sisters: Kathy, Peggy, and Barbara. Nickname: Location of Buffalo in New York State County Government - Mayor Byron Brown (D) Area - City 52. ...
This article is about the state. ...
is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar). ...
Bethlehem Steel Corporations flagship manufacturing facility in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in the United States. ...
This article needs cleanup. ...
The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ...
Adler attended Notre Dame Elementary, a Catholic grade school in Long Beach, and then La Lumiere School, a Catholic boarding school in LaPorte, Indiana and was an excellent student and athlete.[2] He studied six years of Latin and some French, and was known for his devotion to his studies. He was also captain of his football team (he later described himself as a "slow-footed linebacker"), and also was a Regional Champion in wrestling. He also participated in choir and drama, co-edited the school newspaper, and served on the athletic council and the Executive Committee of the Student Council. Catholic schools are education ministries of the Roman Catholic Church. ...
La Lumiere School, in La Porte, Indiana, United States, is a private, University-preparatory school founded in 1963. ...
A boarding school is a usually fee-charging school where some or all pupils not only study, but also live during term time, with their fellow students and possibly teachers. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
For other uses, see Latin (disambiguation). ...
United States simply as football, is a competitive team sport that is both fast-paced and strategic. ...
The defensive team or defense in American football or Canadian football, is the team that begins a play from scrimmage not in possession of the ball. ...
[edit] Education and memberships Roberts graduated first in his high school class as a National Merit Scholar. Following high school, Roberts attended Sacred Heart University, then entered Harvard College as a sophomore. He initially planned to become a history professor. Roberts spent his summers working in a steel mill to help pay for college. Sacred Heart University, the second-largest Catholic university in New England, offers more than 50 undergraduate, graduate and doctoral programs. ...
Harvard Yard Harvard College is the undergraduate section and oldest school of Harvard University, founded in 1636 by the Massachusetts Legislature. ...
Roberts is currently a member of the American Academy of Appellate Lawyers, the American Law Institute, the Edward Coke Appellate American Inn of Court and the National Legal Center for the Public Interest.[3] He serves on the Federal Appellate Rules Advisory Committee. The American Academy of Appellate Lawyers is a non-profit organization consisting of the Fellows who have been elected to the Academy. ...
The American Law Institute (ALI) was established in 1923 to promote the clarification and simplification of American common law and its adaptation to changing social needs. ...
The National Legal Center for the Public Interest is a law and educational foundation with a membership of many prominent conservative lawyers. ...
Roberts is married to Jane Sullivan Roberts,[4] a lawyer, former legal counsel for Feminists for Life, and current partner at Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP. They live in the Washington, DC suburb of Chevy Chase, Maryland, in an upscale neighborhood. John Roberts is a practicing Roman Catholic. He and his family worship at Church of the Little Flower. This parish is one attended by many Catholic officials in all three branches of government and on all ends of the political spectrum. The Roberts family adopted the first of two unrelated Irish infants in 2000: Josephine ("Josie") and later, Jack Roberts. Jack's dancing during Bush's White House introduction of his father brought the four-year-old international media attention and praise from the President as "a fellow who's comfortable with the cameras." [5] In an address at the University of Miami, Roberts stated, "People think Jack was dancing — he was not dancing, he was being Spider-Man, shooting the webs off."[6] Feminists for Life of America (FFL) is a non-sectarian, non-partisan, nonprofit pro-life feminist organization established in 1972. ...
Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP is an international law firm, founded in 1868, specializing in Capital Markets and Finance, Energy, Global Sourcing, Litigation, Intellectual Property, Real Estate, Technology, Life Sciences and Communications. ...
Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United...
Chevy Chase is the name of both a town and an unincorporated Census-Designated Place in Montgomery County, Maryland (see Chevy Chase (CDP), Maryland). ...
Official language(s) None (English, de facto) Capital Annapolis Largest city Baltimore Area Ranked 42nd - Total 12,407 sq mi (32,133 km²) - Width 101 miles (145 km) - Length 249 miles (400 km) - % water 21 - Latitude 37° 53′ N to 39° 43′ N - Longitude 75° 03′ W to 79° 29...
For other uses, see Adoption (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see White House (disambiguation). ...
This article is about the university in Coral Gables, Florida. ...
Spider-Man swinging around his hometown, New York City. ...
[edit] Personal finances According to a 16-page financial disclosure form Roberts submitted to the Senate Judiciary Committee prior to his Supreme Court confirmation hearings, his personal fortune was more than $6 million, including $1.6 million in stock holdings. At the time Roberts left private practice to join the DC Circuit Court of Appeals in 2003, he took a pay cut from $1 million a year to $171,800; as Chief Justice his salary is $212,100. The Roberts' family home, a two-story white colonial, was recently assessed at $891,000, according to Montgomery County, Maryland property tax records. Roberts also holds a one-eighth interest in a cottage in Knocklong, his wife's ancestral village in County Limerick. The U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary (informally Senate Judiciary Committee) is a standing committee of the United States Senate, the upper house of the United States Congress. ...
Statistics Province: Munster County Town: Limerick Code: LK Area: 2,686 km² Population (2006) 183,863 (including Limerick City); 131,303 (without Limerick City) Website: www. ...
[edit] Health problems Chief Justice Roberts suffered a seizure on July 30, 2007 while at his vacation home on Hupper Island off the village of Port Clyde in St. George, Maine.[7][8] As a result of the seizure he fell five to ten feet but suffered only minor scrapes.[7] The fall occurred on a dock near his house and he was taken by private boat to the mainland[8] (which is a couple hundred yards from the island) and was then taken by ambulance to Penobscot Bay Medical Center in Rockport where he stayed overnight, according to Supreme Court spokesperson Kathy Arberg.[9] Doctors called the incident a benign idiopathic seizure, which means there was no obvious physiological cause.[7][8][10][11] This article is about epileptic seizures. ...
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Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ...
Port Clyde, Maine is the southernmost settlement on the St. ...
St. ...
Rockport Harbor in the summer. ...
Idiopathic means arising spontaneously or from an obscure or unknown cause. ...
Roberts suffered a similar seizure in 1993.[7][8][10] As a result of that first seizure, Roberts limited some of his activities, such as driving, temporarily. According to Senator Arlen Specter, who chaired the Senate Judiciary Committee during Roberts' nomination to be Chief Justice in 2005, senators were aware of this earlier seizure when they were considering his nomination but the committee felt it was not significant enough to bring up during his confirmation hearings. Federal judges are not required by law to release information about their health.[7] Arlen J. Specter (born February 12, 1930) is a United States Senator from Pennsylvania. ...
According to neurologist Dr. Marc Schlosberg of Washington Hospital Center, who has no direct connection to the Roberts case, someone who has had more than one seizure without any other cause is by definition determined to have epilepsy. After two seizures, the likelihood of another at some point is greater than 60 percent.[8] Dr. Steven Garner of New York Methodist Hospital, who is also uninvolved with the case, said that Roberts' previous history of seizures means that the second incident may be less serious than if this were a newly-emerging problem.[10] This article is about the branch of medicine. ...
This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...
The Supreme Court said in a statement Roberts has "fully recovered from the incident," and a neurological evaluation "revealed no cause for concern." Sanjay Gupta, a CNN contributor and a neurosurgeon not directly involved in Roberts' case, said when an otherwise healthy person has a seizure, his doctor would investigate whether the patient had started any new medications and had normal electrolyte levels. If those two things were normal, then a brain scan would be performed. If Roberts does not have another seizure within a relatively short time period, Gupta said he was unsure if Roberts would be given the diagnosis of epilepsy. He said the Chief Justice may need to take an anti-seizure medication.[11] Sanjay Gupta (born October 23, 1969) is a first generation Indian-American physician and a contributing CNN senior health correspondent based in Atlanta, Georgia. ...
The Cable News Network, commonly known as CNN, is a major cable television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner. ...
Dr. Max Lee of the Milwaukee Neurological Institute, who is not involved in the case said, "Having two seizures so many years apart without any known culprit is going to be very difficult to figure out."[12]
[edit] Private practice After graduating from law school, Roberts served as a law clerk for Judge Henry Friendly on the Second Circuit Court of Appeals for one year. From 1980 to 1981, he clerked for then-Associate Justice William Rehnquist on the United States Supreme Court. From 1981 to 1982, he served in the Reagan administration as a Special Assistant to U.S. Attorney General William French Smith. From 1982 to 1986, Roberts served as Associate Counsel to the President under White House Counsel Fred Fielding. In the United States, Canada and Brazil, a law clerk is a person who provides assistance to a judge in researching issues before the court and in writing opinions. ...
Henry Jacob Friendly (July 3, 1903 in Elmira, New York - 1986) served as a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit on active service from 1959 through 1974 and in senior status from 1974 to 1986. ...
The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit is a federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts: District of Connecticut Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western Districts of New York District of Vermont The Second Circuit hears argument at the Thurgood Marshall U...
Law clerks have assisted Supreme Court Justices in various capacities since the first one was hired by Justice Horace Gray in the 1880s. ...
William Hubbs Rehnquist (October 1, 1924 – September 3, 2005) was an American lawyer, jurist, and a political figure who served as an Associate Justice on the Supreme Court of the United States and later as the Chief Justice of the United States. ...
Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981–1989) and the 33rd Governor of California (1967–1975). ...
Seal of the United States Department of Justice The United States Attorney General is the head of the United States Department of Justice (see 28 U.S.C. § 503) concerned with legal affairs and is the chief law enforcement officer of the United States government. ...
William French Smith (August 26, 1917–October 29, 1990) was an American lawyer and the 74th Attorney General of the United States. ...
Fred Fisher Fielding (born March 21, 1939) is senior partner at Wiley, Rein, & Fielding, a Washington, D.C. law firm. ...
Roberts entered private law practice in 1986 as an associate at the Washington, D.C.-based law firm of Hogan & Hartson, but left to serve in the first Bush administration as Principal Deputy Solicitor General from 1989 to 1993. During this time, Roberts argued 39 cases for the government before the Supreme Court, prevailing in 25 of them. He represented 18 states in United States v. Microsoft. For other uses, see Washington, D.C. (disambiguation). ...
A law firm is a business entity formed by one or more lawyers to engage in the practice of law. ...
Hogan & Hartson is the 2nd oldest major law firm headquartered in Washington, D.C. It is a global firm with more than 1,000 lawyers in 22 offices worldwide, including offices in Europe, Latin America and East Asia. ...
Order: 41st President Vice President: Dan Quayle Term of office: January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993 Preceded by: Ronald Reagan Succeeded by: Bill Clinton Date of birth: June 12, 1924 Place of birth: Milton, Massachusetts First Lady: Barbara Pierce Bush Political party: Republican George Herbert Walker Bush, KBE (born...
The United States Solicitor General is the individual appointed to argue for the Government of the United States in front of the Supreme Court of the United States, when the government is party to a case. ...
United States v. ...
In 1992, George H. W. Bush nominated Roberts to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, but no Senate vote was held, and Roberts' nomination expired when Bush left office after losing the 1992 presidential election. Roberts returned to Hogan & Hartson as a partner, and became the head of the firm's appellate practice, in addition to serving as an adjunct faculty member at the Georgetown University Law Center. In his capacity as head of Hogan & Hartson's appellate practice, Roberts argued a total of thirty-nine cases before the Supreme Court, including: George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) was the 41st President of the United States, serving from 1989 to 1993. ...
The United States Courts of Appeals (or circuit courts) are the mid-level appellate courts of the United States federal court system. ...
Presidential electoral votes by state. ...
The schools original sign, preserved on the north quad of the present-day campus. ...
| Case | Argued | Decided | Represented | | First Options v. Kaplan, 514 U.S. 938 | March 22, 1995 | May 22, 1995 | Respondent | | Adams v. Robertson, 520 U.S. 83 | January 14, 1997 | March 3, 1997 | Respondent | | Alaska v. Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government, 522 U.S. 520 | December 10, 1997 | February 25, 1998 | Petitioner | | Feltner v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc., 523 U.S. 340 | January 21, 1998 | March 31, 1998 | Petitioner | | National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Smith, 525 U.S. 459 | January 20, 1999 | February 23, 1999 | Petitioner | | Rice v. Cayetano, 528 U.S. 495 | October 6, 1999 | February 23, 2000 | Respondent | | Eastern Associated Coal Corp. v. Mine Workers, 531 U.S. 57 | October 2, 2000 | November 28, 2000 | Petitioner | | TrafFix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc., 532 U.S. 23 | November 29, 2000 | March 20, 2001 | Petitioner | | Toyota Motor Manufacturing v. Williams, 534 U.S. 184 | November 7, 2001 | January 8, 2002 | Petitioner | | Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council, Inc. v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, 535 U.S. 302 | January 7, 2002 | April 23, 2002 | Respondent | | Rush Prudential HMO, Inc. v. Moran, 536 U.S. 355 | January 16, 2002 | June 20, 2002 | Petitioner | | Gonzaga University v. Doe, 536 U.S. 273 | April 24, 2002 | June 20, 2002 | Petitioner | | Barnhart v. Peabody Coal Co., 537 U.S. 149 | October 8, 2002 | January 15, 2003 | Respondent | | Smith v. Doe, 538 U.S. 84 | November 13, 2002 | March 5, 2003 | Petitioner | NOTICE: This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in the preliminary print of the United States Reports. ...
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NOTICE: This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in the preliminary print of the United States Reports. ...
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Alaska v. ...
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Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ...
Holding Court membership Chief Justice: William Rehnquist Associate Justices: John Paul Stevens, Sandra Day OConnor, Antonin Scalia, Anthony Kennedy, David Souter, Clarence Thomas, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Stephen Breyer Case opinions Majority by: Ginsburg Joined by: unanimous Laws applied Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 National Collegiate Athletic...
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This article is about the year. ...
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Rice v. ...
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Holding Court membership Chief Justice: William Rehnquist Associate Justices: John Paul Stevens, Sandra Day OConnor, Antonin Scalia, Anthony Kennedy, David Souter, Clarence Thomas, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Stephen Breyer Case opinions Majority by: Breyer Joined by: Rehnquist, Stevens, OConnor, Kennedy, Souter, Ginsburg Concurrence by: Scalia Joined by: Thomas Eastern...
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Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ...
Holding --- Court membership Case opinions Laws applied --- TrafFix Devices, Inc. ...
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Holding Court membership Chief Justice: William Rehnquist Associate Justices: John Paul Stevens, Sandra Day OConnor, Antonin Scalia, Anthony Kennedy, David Souter, Clarence Thomas, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Stephen Breyer Case opinions Majority by: OConnor Joined by: unanimous Laws applied Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 Toyota Motor Manufacturing v. ...
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Also see: 2002 (number). ...
Holding The moratorium did not constitute a taking. ...
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Holding Court membership Chief Justice: William Rehnquist Associate Justices: John Paul Stevens, Sandra Day OConnor, Antonin Scalia, Anthony Kennedy, David Souter, Clarence Thomas, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Stephen Breyer Case opinions Majority by: Souter Joined by: Stevens, OConnor, Ginsburg, Breyer Dissent by: Thomas Joined by: Rehnquist, Scalia, Kennedy Laws...
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JoanneB 06:29, 20 September 2005 (UTC) Categories: Possible copyright violations ...
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Holding Court membership Chief Justice: William Rehnquist Associate Justices: John Paul Stevens, Sandra Day OConnor, Antonin Scalia, Anthony Kennedy, David Souter, Clarence Thomas, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Stephen Breyer Case opinions Majority by: Souter Joined by: Rehnquist, Stevens, Kennedy, Ginsburg, Breyer Dissent by: Scalia Joined by: OConnor, Thomas Dissent...
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Smith v. ...
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[edit] Jurisprudence During Judiciary Committee hearings on his nomination to the circuit court, Roberts testified about his views on jurisprudence.[13]
[edit] The Commerce Clause - "Starting with McCulloch v. Maryland, Chief Justice John Marshall gave a very broad and expansive reading to the powers of the Federal Government and explained that — and I don't remember the exact quote — but if the ends be legitimate, then any means chosen to achieve them are within the power of the Federal Government, and cases interpreting that, throughout the years, have come down. Certainly, by the time Lopez was decided, many of us had learned in law school that it was just sort of a formality to say that interstate commerce was affected and that cases weren't going to be thrown out that way. Lopez certainly breathed new life into the Commerce Clause.
- "I think it remains to be seen, in subsequent decisions, how rigorous a showing, and in many cases, it is just a showing. It's not a question of an abstract fact, does this affect interstate commerce or not, but has this body, the Congress, demonstrated the impact on interstate commerce that drove them to legislate? That's a very important factor. It wasn't present in Lopez at all. I think the members of Congress had heard the same thing I had heard in law school, that this is unimportant — and they hadn't gone through the process of establishing a record in that case."[13]
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Nancy Davis Reagan (born Anne Frances Robbins on July 6, 1921) is the widow of former United States President Ronald Reagan and was First Lady of the United States from 1981 to 1989. ...
The Ronald Reagan Presidential Library The Ronald Reagan Presidential Library is the presidential library of Ronald Wilson Reagan, the 40th President of the United States. ...
March is the third month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ...
Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Holding Although the Constitution does not specifically give Congress the power to establish a bank, it does delegate the ability to tax and spend, and a bank is a proper and suitable instrument to assist the operations of the government in the collection and disbursement of the revenue. ...
John Marshall (September 24, 1755 – July 6, 1835) was an American statesman and jurist who shaped American constitutional law and made the Supreme Court a center of power. ...
Holding Possession of a gun near a school is not an economic activity that has a substantial effect on interstate commerce. ...
// A law school is an institution where future lawyers obtain legal degrees. ...
Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 of the United States Constitution, known as the Commerce Clause, states that Congress has the exclusive authority to manage trade activities between the states and with foreign nations and Indian tribes. ...
Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 of the United States Constitution, known as the Commerce Clause, states that Congress has the exclusive authority to manage trade activities between the states and with foreign nations and Indian tribes. ...
[edit] Federalism - "Simply because you have a problem that needs addressing, it's not necessarily the case that Federal legislation is the best way to address it.... The constitutional limitation doesn't turn on whether it's a good idea. There is not a 'good idea' clause in the Constitution. It can be a bad idea, but certainly still satisfy the constitutional requirements."[13]
[edit] Applying precedent - "The Supreme Court has, throughout its history, on many occasions described the deference that is due to legislative judgments. Justice Holmes described assessing the constitutionality of an act of Congress as the gravest duty that the Supreme Court is called upon to perform.... It's a principle that is easily stated and needs to be observed in practice, as well as in theory.
- "Now, the Court, of course, has the obligation, and has been recognized since Marbury v. Madison, to assess the constitutionality of acts of Congress, and when those acts are challenged, it is the obligation of the Court to say what the law is. The determination of when deference to legislative policy judgments goes too far and becomes abdication of the judicial responsibility, and when scrutiny of those judgments goes too far on the part of the judges and becomes what I think is properly called judicial activism, that is certainly the central dilemma of having an unelected, as you describe it correctly, undemocratic judiciary in a democratic republic."[13]
In referring to Brown v. Board that overturned school segregation: "the Court in that case, of course, overruled a prior decision. I don't think that constitutes judicial activism because obviously if the decision is wrong, it should be overruled. That's not activism. That's applying the law correctly." Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. ...
Holding Section 13 of the Judiciary Act of 1789 is unconstitutional to the extent it purports to enlarge the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court beyond that permitted by the Constitution. ...
Judicial activism is a term used by political commentators to describe a tendency by judges to consider outcomes, attitudinal preferences, and other public policy issues in interpreting applicable existing law. ...
Holding Segregation of students in public schools violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, because separate facilities are inherently unequal. ...
The Rex Theatre for Colored People Racial segregation is characterised by separation of different races in daily life, such as eating in a restaurant, drinking from a water fountain, using a rest room, attending school, going to the movies, or in the rental or purchase of a home[1]. Segregation...
[edit] Roe v. Wade In his Senate testimony, Roberts acknowledged that, while sitting on the Appellate Court, he would have an obligation to respect precedents established by the Supreme Court, including the controversial decision invalidating many restrictions on the right to an abortion. He stated: "Roe v. Wade is the settled law of the land.... There is nothing in my personal views that would prevent me from fully and faithfully applying that precedent, as well as Casey." Following the traditional reticence of nominees to indicate which way they might vote on an issue likely to come before the high court, he did not explicitly say whether he would vote to overturn either.[14] Circuit courts previously were United States federal courts established in each federal judicial district. ...
Holding Texas law making it a crime to assist a woman to get an abortion violated her due process rights. ...
Holding A Pennsylvania law that required spousal notification prior to obtaining an abortion was invalid under the Fourteenth Amendment because it created an undue burden on married women seeking an abortion. ...
- See John Roberts Supreme Court nomination and hearings for speculation about Roberts's current views, concerns about these views raised in the hearings, and the potential impact they might have on his actions in the Supreme Court.
John Roberts, 17th Chief Justice of the United States The Senate hearings on the nomination of John Roberts to the Supreme Court, began on September 12, 2005, with U.S. Senators posing questions to Roberts, who was nominated by President George W. Bush to fill the vacancy of Chief Justice...
[edit] Free speech Roberts espouses a largely constitutionalist approach to free speech protection in the First Amendment. He authored the 2007 student free speech case Morse v. Frederick, ruling that a student in a public school-sponsored activity does not have the right to advocate drug use on the basis that the right to free speech does not invariably prevent the exercise of school discipline.[13] Freedom of speech is the right to freely say what one pleases, as well as the related right to hear what others have stated. ...
The first ten Amendments to the U.S. Constitution make up the Bill of Rights. ...
Holding Because schools may take steps to safeguard those entrusted to their care from speech that can reasonably be regarded as encouraging illegal drug use, the school officials in this case did not violate the First Amendment by confiscating the pro-drug banner and suspending Frederick. ...
Recreational drug use is the use of psychoactive drugs for recreational rather than medical or spiritual purposes, although the distinction is not always clear. ...
[edit] Opinions as court of appeals judge During his two year tenure on the D.C. Circuit, Roberts authored 49 opinions (which elicited only two dissents from other judges). During that same time frame, he authored only three dissenting opinions of his own. Because of this short record, it is difficult to ascertain from his appellate decisions a general approach to the Constitution, and he has not publicly stated on what he considers the best methods of constitutional and statutory interpretation. He has even said that "I do not think beginning with an all-encompassing approach to constitutional interpretation is the best way to faithfully construe the document."[15] Cass Sunstein, a law professor at the University of Chicago argued at the time of his confirmation as Chief Justice that, in general, Roberts appears to be a judicial minimalist, emphasizing precedent, as opposed to an originalism-oriented or rights-focused jurist. "Roberts's opinions thus far [as a court of appeals judge] are careful, lawyerly and narrow. They avoid broad pronouncements. They do not try to reorient the law."[16] The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, known informally as the D.C. Circuit, is the federal appellate court for the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. ...
Cass R. Sunstein (b. ...
The University of Chicago is a private university located principally in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago. ...
Judicial minimalism refers to a philosophy in United States constitutional law which promotes itself as a politically moderate viewpoint. ...
Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States, by Howard Chandler Christy. ...
His past rulings as a court of appeals judge included the following issues:
[edit] Fourth and Fifth Amendments The D.C. Circuit case Hedgepeth v. Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, 386 F.3d 1148, involved a twelve-year-old girl who was, according to the Washington Post, asked if she had any drugs in her possession, searched for drugs, taken into custody, handcuffed, driven to police headquarters, booked and fingerprinted because she violated a publicly-advertised zero tolerance "no eating" policy in a Washington D.C. metro station by eating a single french fry. Roberts wrote for a 3-0 panel affirming a district court decision that dismissed the girl's complaint, which was predicated on the Fourth and Fifth Amendments, specifically the claim that an adult would have only received a citation for the same offense, while children must be detained until parents are notified. Zero tolerance is a strict approach to rule enforcement. ...
Washington Metro redirects here. ...
French fried potatoes, commonly known as French fries or fries (North America) or chips (United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland and Commonwealth) are pieces of potato that have been chopped into batons and deep fried. ...
The Bill of Rights in the National Archives. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Roberts began his opinion by noting, "No one is very happy about the events that led to this litigation," and pointing out that the policies under which the girl was apprehended had since been changed. Because age discrimination is allowed under previous jurisprudence if there is any rational basis for it, only weak state interests were required to justify the policy. "Because parents and guardians play an essential role in that rehabilitative process, it is reasonable for the District to seek to ensure their participation, and the method chosen — detention until the parent is notified and retrieves the child — certainly does that, in a way issuing a citation might not." Roberts concluded that the age discrimination and detention in this case were constitutional, noting that "the question before us... is not whether these policies were a bad idea, but whether they violated the Fourth and Fifth Amendments to the Constitution.", language reminiscent of Justice Potter Stewart's dissent in Griswold v. Connecticut, in which Justice Stewart wrote, "We are not asked in this case to say whether we think this law is unwise, or even asinine. We are asked to hold that it violates the United States Constitution. And that, I cannot do." Rational basis rest, in U.S. constitutional law, is the lowest level of scrutiny applied by courts deciding constitutional issues through judicial review. ...
Ageism is discrimination against a person or group on the grounds of age. ...
Potter Stewart (January 23, 1915 – December 7, 1985) was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. ...
Holding A Connecticut law criminalizing the use of contraceptives violated the right to marital privacy. ...
[edit] Military tribunals In Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, Roberts was part of a unanimous Circuit panel overturning the district court ruling and upholding military tribunals set up by the Bush administration for trying terrorism suspects known as enemy combatants. Circuit Judge A. Raymond Randolph, writing for the court, ruled that Hamdan, a driver for al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden,[17] could be tried by a military court because: For the case involving a United States citizen, see Hamdi v. ...
The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...
Terrorist redirects here. ...
An enemy combatant has historically referred to members of the armed forces of the state with which another state is at war. ...
Salim Ahmed Hamdan is a Yemeni, captured during the invasion of Afghanistan. ...
Al-Qaeda (Arabic: القاعدة, the foundation or the base) is the name given to a worldwide network of militant Islamist organizations under the leadership of Osama bin Laden. ...
Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden (Arabic: ‎; born March 10, 1957[1]), most often mentioned as Osama bin Laden or Usama bin Laden, is a Saudi Arabian militant Islamist and is widely believed to be one of the founders of the organization called al-Qaeda. ...
- the military commission had the approval of the United States Congress;
- the Third Geneva Convention is a treaty between nations and as such it does not confer individual rights and remedies enforceable in U.S. courts;
- even if the Convention could be enforced in U.S. courts, it would not be of assistance to Hamdan at the time because, for a conflict such as the war against Al-Qaeda (considered by the court as a separate war from that against Afghanistan itself) that is not between two countries, it guarantees only a certain standard of judicial procedure without speaking to the jurisdiction in which the prisoner must be tried.
The court held open the possibility of judicial review of the results of the military commission after the current proceedings have ended.[18] This decision was overturned on June 29, 2006 by the Supreme Court in a 5-3 decision, with Roberts not participating due to his prior ruling as a circuit judge. Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political...
Wikisource has original text related to this article: Third Geneva Convention The Third Geneva Convention (or GCIII) of 1949, one of the Geneva Conventions, is a treaty agreement that primarily concerns the treatment of prisoners of war (POWs), and also touched on other topics. ...
This does not cite any references or sources. ...
Individual rights represent the moral rights of individuals in society prior to government. ...
This article is about U.S. actions, and those of other states, after September 11, 2001. ...
is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
[edit] Environmental regulation On the U.S. Court of Appeals, Roberts wrote a dissenting opinion regarding Rancho Viejo, LLC v. Norton, 323 F.3d 1062, a case involving the protection of a rare California toad under the Endangered Species Act. When the court denied a rehearing en banc, 334 F.3d 1158 (D.C. Cir. 2003), Roberts dissented, arguing that the original opinion was wrongly decided because he found it inconsistent with United States v. Lopez and United States v. Morrison in that it focused on the effects of the regulation, rather than the taking of the toads themselves, on interstate commerce. In Roberts's view, the Commerce Clause of the Constitution did not permit the government to regulate activity affecting what he called "a hapless toad" that "for reasons of its own, lives its entire life in California." He said that reviewing the case could allow the court "alternative grounds for sustaining application of the Act that may be more consistent with Supreme Court precedent."[19] This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
En banc or in bank is a term used to refer to the hearing of a case by all the judges of a court. ...
Holding Possession of a gun near a school is not an economic activity that has a substantial effect on interstate commerce. ...
Holding The Violence Against Women Act of 1994, 42 U.S.C. § 13981, is unconstitutional as exceeding congressional power under the Commerce Clause and under section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. ...
Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 of the United States Constitution, known as the Commerce Clause, states that Congress has the exclusive authority to manage trade activities between the states and with foreign nations and Indian tribes. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Largest metro area Greater Los Angeles Area Ranked 3rd - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²) - Width 250 miles (400 km) - Length 770 miles (1,240 km) - % water 4. ...
[edit] U.S. Supreme Court
[edit] Nomination and confirmation -
On July 19, 2005, President Bush nominated Roberts to the U.S. Supreme Court to fill a vacancy that would be left by the announced retirement of Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor. Roberts was the first Supreme Court nominee since Stephen Breyer in 1994. Bush announced Roberts' nomination in a live, nationwide television broadcast from the East Room of the White House at 9 pm Eastern Daylight Time. John Roberts, 17th Chief Justice of the United States The Senate hearings on the nomination of John Roberts to the Supreme Court, began on September 12, 2005, with U.S. Senators posing questions to Roberts, who was nominated by President George W. Bush to fill the vacancy of Chief Justice...
is the 200th day of the year (201st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
John Roberts is sworn in as Chief Justice by Associate Justice John Paul Stevens in the East Room of the White House on the same day as his confirmation, September 29, 2005. ...
Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas US Government Portal The Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes colloquially referred to by the...
Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States are the members of the Supreme Court of the United States other than the Chief Justice of the United States. ...
Sandra Day OConnor (born March 26, 1930) is an American jurist who served as the first female Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1981 to 2006. ...
Stephen Gerald Breyer (born August 15, 1938) is an American attorney, political figure, and jurist. ...
The East Room is one of the largest rooms in the White House, the home of the President of the United States. ...
For other uses, see White House (disambiguation). ...
 John Roberts appears in the background, while President Bush is announcing his nomination for the position of Chief Justice. Following the September 3, 2005 death of Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist, Bush withdrew Roberts' nomination as O'Connor's successor, and on September 6, announced Roberts' new nomination to the position of Chief Justice. Bush asked the Senate to expedite Roberts' confirmation hearings in order to fill the vacancy by the beginning of the Supreme Court's session in early October. Image File history File links Robertsoath6. ...
Image File history File links Robertsoath6. ...
is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
William H. Rehnquist has served as the Chief Justice of the United States since 1986. ...
is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
On September 22 the Senate Judiciary Committee approved Roberts' nomination by a vote of 13-5, with Senators Ted Kennedy, Richard Durbin, Charles Schumer, Joe Biden and Dianne Feinstein the dissenting votes. Roberts was confirmed by the full Senate on September 29, passing by a margin of 78-22. All Republicans and the lone Independent voted for Roberts; the Democrats split evenly, 22 for and 22 against. Roberts was confirmed by what was, historically, a narrow margin for a Supreme Court Justice. This reflects the increasing politicization and partisanship of Supreme Court nominees, though this margin was greater than the 1986 65-33 vote confirming Roberts' predecessor, William Rehnquist, as Chief Justice, and far greater than the 52-48 vote confirming Clarence Thomas as Associate Justice in 1991.[20] is the 265th day of the year (266th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
The U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary (informally Senate Judiciary Committee) is a standing committee of the United States Senate, the upper house of the United States Congress. ...
Edward Moore Ted Kennedy (born February 22, 1932) is the senior United States Senator from Massachusetts and a member of the Democratic Party. ...
Richard Joseph Dick Durbin, (born November 21, 1944) is currently the senior United States Senator from Illinois and Democratic Whip, the second highest position in the party leadership in the Senate. ...
Charles Ellis Chuck Schumer (born November 23, 1950) is a Jewish American politician. ...
This article is about the United States Senator from Delaware, for other uses of the name, see Biden. ...
Dianne Goldman Berman Feinstein (born June 22, 1933) is currently the senior U.S. Senator from California, having held office as a senator since 1992. ...
is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Clarence Thomas (born June 23, 1948) is an American jurist and has been an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States since 1991. ...
[edit] The Roberts Court |
