John Russell is the name of several notable individuals, including:
Lord John Russell, 1st Earl Russell – British Prime Minister (It is generally considered incorrect to refer to Lord John Russell as John Russell, because his honorifix was treated as part of his name and did not indicate a peerage.)
John Conrad Russell, 4th Earl Russell
John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford – Tudor statesman
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Russell entered Parliament in 1813 as the MP for Tavistock and during the 1820s he was a persistent advocate of extending the franchise and granting political equality to Roman Catholics.
Russell was Paymaster General in Earl Grey's Whig ministry of 1830-1834 and was one of the four members of the government who was made responsible for the drafting of the Reform Bill (1832) which doubled the British electorate.
Russell's alternate support for and dissent from Aberdeen's government policies during the Crimean War (1854-46) caused him to lose the leadership of the Liberal party to Viscount Palmerston.
His contributions relating to mathematics include his discovery of Russell's paradox, his defence of logicism (the view that mathematics is, in some significant sense, reducible to formal logic), his introduction of the theory of types, and his refining and popularizing of the first-order predicate calculus.
Like Gottlob Frege, Russell's basic idea for defending logicism was that numbers may be identified with classes of classes and that number-theoretic statements may be explained in terms of quantifiers and identity.
Russell was born the grandson of Lord JohnRussell, who had twice served as Prime Minister under Queen Victoria.
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