Portrait of John Schofield during the Civil War

John McAllister Schofield (September 29, 1831 – March 4, 1906) was an American soldier who held major commands during the Civil War. He later served as U.S. Secretary of War and Commanding General of the U.S. Army. Download high resolution version (635x1024, 101 KB)Portrait of Maj. ... Download high resolution version (635x1024, 101 KB)Portrait of Maj. ... September 29 is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years). ... Leopold I 1831 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... March 4 is the 63rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (64th in leap years). ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Combatants Union (remaining U.S. states) Confederate States of America Commanders Abraham Lincoln† Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties KIA: 110,000 Total dead: 360,000 Wounded: 275,200 KIA: 94,000 Total dead: 258,000 Wounded: 137,000+  The... The Secretary of War was a member of the Presidents Cabinet, beginning with George Washingtons administration. ... The Army is the branch of the United States armed forces which has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. ...

Schofield was born in Gerry, New York, and graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1853. He served for two years in the artillery, was assistant professor of natural and experimental philosophy at West Point from 1855 to 1860, and while on leave (1860–1861) was professor of physics at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. Gerry is a town located in Chautauqua County, New York. ... Official language(s) None, English de facto Capital Largest city Albany New York City Area  Ranked 27th  - Total 54,520 sq mi  (141,205 km²)  - Width 285 miles (455 km)  - Length 330 miles (530 km)  - % water 13. ... West Point redirects here; for other uses, see West Point (disambiguation). ... 1853 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1855 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Physics is the science of Nature. ... Washington University in St. ... Nickname: Gateway City, Gateway to the West, or Mound City Official website: http://stlouis. ...

Civil War

When the Civil War broke out, Schofield became a major in a Missouri volunteer regiment and served as chief of staff to Major General Nathaniel Lyon until Lyon's death during the Battle of Wilson's Creek (Missouri) in August 1861. Schofield acted with "conspicuous gallantry" during the battle, and was awarded the Medal of Honor in 1892 for that action. Official language(s) none, English most common Capital Largest city Jefferson City Kansas City Area  - Total   - Width   - Length    - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 21st 69,709 sq mi  180,693 km² 240 miles  385 km 300 miles  480 km 1. ... Insignia of a United States Air Force Major General German Generalmajor Insignia Major General is a military rank used in many countries. ... Nathaniel Lyon Nathaniel Lyon (July 14, 1818 - August 10, 1861) was the first Union general to be killed in the American Civil War and is noted for his action in the state of Missouri at the beginning of the conflict. ... Combatants United States of America State of Missouri Confederate States of America Commanders Nathaniel Lyon Samuel D. Sturgis Franz Sigel Sterling Price Ben McCulloch Strength Army of the West Missouri State Guard and McCulloch’s Brigade Casualties 1,235 1,095 The Battle of Wilsons Creek, also known as... Official language(s) none, English most common Capital Largest city Jefferson City Kansas City Area  - Total   - Width   - Length    - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 21st 69,709 sq mi  180,693 km² 240 miles  385 km 300 miles  480 km 1. ... Three different versions of the Medal of Honor are awarded: one each for the Army, Navy, and Air Force. ... 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

Schofield was promoted to brigadier general of volunteers on November 21, 1861, and to major general on November 29, 1862. From 1861 to 1863 he performed various military duties in Missouri. A Brigadier General, or one-star general, is the lowest rank of general officer in the United States and some other countries, ranking just above Colonel and just below Major General. ... November 21 is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ... November 29 is the 333rd (in leap years the 334th) day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ... 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar). ...

On April 17, 1863, he took command of a division in the XIV Corps of the Army of the Cumberland. In 1864, as commander of the Army of the Ohio, he took part in the Atlanta Campaign under Major General William T. Sherman. April 17 is the 107th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (108th in leap years). ... 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar). ... Symbol of the Polish 1st Legions Infantry Division in NATO code A division is a large military unit or formation usually consisting of around ten to fifteen thousand soldiers. ... XIV Corps was a corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. ... Union army in the west during the American Civil War, commanded at various times by Generals Robert Anderson, Don Carlos Buell, William S. Rosecrans, and George Thomas. ... 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... The Army of the Ohio was the name of two Union armies in the American Civil War. ... Palisades and chevaux-de-frise in front of the Potter House, Atlanta, Georgia, 1864. ... Portrait of William Tecumseh Sherman by Mathew Brady William Tecumseh Sherman (February 8, 1820 – February 14, 1891) was an American soldier, businessman, and author. ...

Sherman, after the fall of Atlanta, took the majority of his forces on a March to the Sea through Georgia. Schofield's Army of the Ohio was detached to join Major General George H. Thomas in Tennessee. Confederate General John Bell Hood invaded Tennessee, and on November 30 Hood managed to attack Schofield's smaller Army of the Ohio in the Battle of Franklin. Schofield successfully fought off Hood and joined his forces with Thomas. On December 15 and 16, Schofield took part in Thomas's crowning victory at the Battle of Nashville. For his services at Franklin he was awarded the rank of brigadier general in the Regular Army on November 30, 1864, and the brevet rank of major general on March 13, 1865. Engraving by Alexander Hay Ritchie depicting Shermans March Shermans March to the Sea is the name commonly given to the Savannah Campaign, conducted in late 1864 by Major General William Tecumseh Sherman of the Union Army during the American Civil War. ... General George H. Thomas George Henry Thomas (July 31, 1816 – March 28, 1870), the Rock of Chickamauga, was a career U.S. Army officer and a Union general during the American Civil War. ... Some Confederate soldiers The Confederate States Army (CSA) was formed in February 1861 to defend the Confederate States of America, which had itself been formed that same year when seven southern states seceded from the United States (with four more to follow). ... John Bell Hood John Bell Hood (June 1, 1831 – August 30, 1879) was a Confederate general during the American Civil War. ... November 30 is the 334th day (335th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 31 days remaining. ... Battle of Franklin II Conflict American Civil War Date November 30, 1864 Place Williamson County, Tennessee Result Union victory The Battle of Franklin was a major engagement of the American Civil War fought at Franklin, Tennessee on November 30, 1864. ... Combatants United States of America Confederate States of America Commanders George H. Thomas John Bell Hood Strength IV Corps, XXIII Corps, detachment of Army of the Tennessee, provisional detachment, and Cavalry Corps Army of Tennessee Casualties 2,900 approximately 13,000 The Battle of Nashville was a two-day battle... The Regular Army is the name given to the permanent force of the United States Army that is maintained during peacetime. ... November 30 is the 334th day (335th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 31 days remaining. ... 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... In the US military, brevet referred to a warrant authorizing a commissioned officer to hold a higher rank temporarily, but usually without receiving the pay of that higher rank. ... March 13 is the 72nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (73rd in leap years). ... 1865 (MDCCCLXV) is a common year starting on Sunday. ...

Ordered to operate with Sherman in North Carolina, Schofield moved his corps by rail and sea to Fort Fisher, North Carolina, in 17 days, occupied Wilmington on February 22, 1865, fought the action at Kinston on March 10, and on March 23 joined Sherman at Goldsboro. Official language(s) English Capital Largest city Raleigh Charlotte Area  Ranked 28th  - Total 53,865 sq. ... The Pulpit after capture, Fort Fisher, North Carolina, January 1865. ... For other places called Wilmington, see Wilmington Wilmington is a city located in New Hanover County, North Carolina. ... February 22 is the 53rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1865 (MDCCCLXV) is a common year starting on Sunday. ... Combatants United States of America Confederate States of America Commanders John G. Foster Nathan Evans Strength 10,000 Casualties 260 525 {{{notes}}} The Battle of Kinston was fought on December 14, 1862, in Lenoir County, North Carolina, near the town of Kinston, as part of the Goldsboro Expedition of the... March 10 is the 69th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (70th in leap years). ... March 23 is the 82nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (83rd in Leap years). ... Goldsboro is a city located in Wayne County, North Carolina. ...

Post-war

After the war Schofield was sent on a special diplomatic mission to France, on account of the presence of French troops in Mexico. During Reconstruction Schofield was appointed by President Andrew Johnson to serve as military governor of Virginia. Reconstruction-era military districts in the South For other uses, see Reconstruction (disambiguation). ... The presidential seal was used by President Hayes in 1880 and last modified in 1959 by adding the 50th star for Hawaii. ... 17th President Vice President none Succeeded by Ulysses S. Grant Born December 29, 1808 Raleigh, North Carolina Died July 31, 1875 Greeneville, Tennessee Political party Democratic (elected on National Union ticket) Spouse Eliza McCardle Johnson For other people named Andrew Johnson, see Andrew Johnson (disambiguation). ... Official language(s) English Capital Largest city Richmond Virginia Beach Area  Ranked 35th  - Total 42,793 sq. ...

From June 1868 to March 1869, Schofield served as Secretary of War. President Johnson had forced Edwin M. Stanton, a Radical Republican who had served as Secretary of War since 1862, from his cabinet. Schofield served in an interim capacity until the United States Senate confirmed John Aaron Rawlins. 1868 (MDCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... 1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... The Secretary of War was a member of the Presidents Cabinet, beginning with George Washingtons administration. ... Edwin M. Stanton Edwin McMasters Stanton (December 19, 1814 – December 24, 1869), was an American lawyer, politician and Secretary of War through most of the American Civil War and in the Reconstruction era. ... The Radical Republicans were an influential faction of American politicians in the Republican party during the American Civil War and Reconstruction eras, 1860-1876. ... Seal of the Senate The United States Senate is one of the two chambers of the Congress of the United States, the other being the House of Representatives. ... Maj. ...

In 1873 Schofield was given a secret task by Secretary of War William Belknap to investigate the strategic potential of a United States presence in the Hawaiian Islands. Schofield's report recommended that the United States establish a naval port at Pearl Harbor. William Worth Belknap (September 22, 1829 - October 13, 1890) was a U.S. administrator, soldier and United States Secretary of War. ... Satellite image of Pearl Harbor. ...

From 1876 to 1881 Schofield was superintendent of the U.S. Military Academy. During his tenure as superintendent at West Point, an African American cadet, Johnson Chesnut Whittaker, was court-martialed and expelled for allegedly faking an assault on himself staged by his fellow cadets. A Congressional investigation into the incident resulted in Schofield's removal from his post as superintendent. 1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) is a leap year starting on Saturday. ... 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The commanding officer of the United States Military Academy is its Superintendent. ... Alternate meanings: West Point (disambiguation). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... A court-martial (plural courts-martial) is a military court that determines punishments for members of the military subject to military law. ...

From 1888 until his retirement in 1895 he was commanding general of the United States Army. He had become a major general on March 4, 1869, and on February 5, 1895, he was made lieutenant general. 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. ... 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The United States Army is the branch of the United States armed forces that has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. ... March 4 is the 63rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (64th in leap years). ... 1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... February 5 is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. ...

General Schofield died at St. Augustine, Florida, and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery. His memoirs, Forty-six Years in the Army, were published in 1897. He is memorialized by the military installation Schofield Barracks, Hawaii. Five flags have flown over St. ... Arlington National Cemetery, in Arlington, Virginia, is an American military cemetery established during the American Civil War on the grounds of Robert E. Lees home. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... A Army soldier practices with a M16A2 at Schofield Barracks Schofield Barracks is a United States Army installation (and census-designated place or CDP) located in the City & County of Honolulu and in the Wahiawa District of the island of O‘ahu, Hawai‘i. ...

Today, Schofield is remembered for a lengthy quotation that all cadets at the United States Military Academy at West Point and the United States Air Force Academy are required to memorize: West Point redirects here; for other uses, see West Point (disambiguation). ... The United States Air Force Academy (USAFA), located in Colorado Springs, Colorado, (, ), is an institution for the undergraduate education of officers in the United States Air Force. ...

The discipline which makes the soldiers of a free country reliable in battle is not to be gained by harsh or tyrannical treatment. On the contrary, such treatment is far more likely to destroy than to make an army. It is possible to impart instruction and give commands in such a manner and such a tone of voice as to inspire in the soldier no feeling, but an intense desire to obey, while the opposite manner and tone of voice cannot fail to excite strong resentment and a desire to disobey. The one mode or the other of dealing with subordinates springs from a corresponding spirit in the breast of the commander. He who feels the respect which is due to others cannot fail to inspire in them respect for himself. While he who feels, and hence manifests, disrespect towards others, especially his subordinates, cannot fail to inspire hatred against himself.

References

• Eicher, John H., & Eicher, David J.: Civil War High Commands, Stanford University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

Encyclopædia Britannica, the 11th edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...