John Thomas Scopes (August 3, 1900 – October 21, 1970), a teacher in Dayton, Tennessee at the age of 24, was charged on May 25, 1925 with violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which prohibited the teaching of evolution in Tennessee schools. He was in court in a case known as the Scopes Trial. August 3 is the 215th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (216th in leap years), with 150 days remaining. ... 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday. ... October 21 is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 71 days remaining. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... A teachers room in a Japanese middle school, 2005. ... Dayton is a city located in Rhea County, Tennessee. ... May 25 is the 145th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (146th in leap years). ... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... Official language(s) English Capital Nashville Largest city Memphis Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 36th 109,247 km² 195 km 710 km 2. ... The Butler Act was a 1925 Tennessee law forbidding the teaching of any evolutionary theory which indicated that man descended from lower orders of animals in public schools. ... A speculative phylogenetic tree of all living things, based on rRNA gene data, showing the separation of the three domains, bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. ... Clarence Darrow (left) and William Jennings Bryan (right) chat in court during the trial. ...

Contrary to the impression created in various versions of Inherit the Wind, Scopes was actually born and raised in Paducah, Kentucky, but as a teenager attended Danville High School in Danville, Illinois (Danville High was also the first school he taught at shortly before he moved to Dayton). Scopes was a member of the class of 1919 in Salem, Illinois, which is also William Jennings Bryan's home town. Scopes did not move to Dayton until after he had gained a law degree at the University of Kentucky in 1924. In Dayton he took a job as the Rhea County High School's football coach, and occasionally filled in as substitute teacher when regular members of staff were off work. Inherit the Wind is a play by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee. ... Danville High School is located in Danville, Vermilion County, Illinois. ... Danville is a city located in Vermilion County, Illinois. ... Rhea County is a county located in the state of Tennessee. ... High school - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... United States simply as football, is a competitive team sport that is both fast-paced and strategic. ... In sports, a coach is an individual involved in the direction and instruction of the on-field operations of an athletic team or of individual athletes. ...

Scopes' involvement in the so-called Monkey Trial came about after the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) announced that it would finance a test case challenging the constitutionality of the Butler Act if they could find a Tennessee teacher willing to be put on trial for violating the statute. The American Civil Liberties Union, or ACLU, is a non-governmental organization (NGO) whose stated goal is to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed to every person . ... Constitutional law is the study of foundational laws that govern the scope of powers and authority of various bodies in relation to the creation and execution of other laws by a government. ...

A group of businessmen in Dayton, Tennessee, led by mine manager ........, saw this as an opportunity to get publicity for their town and approached Scopes. Rappelyea pointed out that while the Butler Act prohibited the teaching of evolution, the state required teachers to use the assigned textbook - Hunter's Civic Biology - which included a chapter on evolution. Rappelyea argued that teachers were essentially required to break the law. When asked about the test case Scopes was initially reluctant to get involved, but after some discussion he told the group gathered in Robinson's Drugstore, "If you can prove that I've taught evolution and that I can qualify as a defendant, then I'll be willing to stand trial." The Butler Act was a 1925 Tennessee law forbidding the teaching of any evolutionary theory which indicated that man descended from lower orders of animals in public schools. ... Civic Biology was the science book that John T. Scopes used to teach his class the theory of evolution. ...

By the time the trial had begun, the defense team included Clarence Darrow, Dudley Field Malone, John Neal, Arthur Garfield Hays and Frank McElwee, whilst the prosecution team, led by Tom Stewart, included brothers Herbert and Sue Hicks, Wallace Haggard, and father and son pairings Ben and J. Gordon McKenzie and William Jennings Bryan and William Jennings Bryan Jr. Bryan had spoken at Scopes' high school commencement and remembered the defendant laughing while he was giving the address to the graduating class six years earlier. In most litigation under the common law adversarial system the defendant, perhaps with the assistance of counsel, may allege or present defenses (or defences) in order to avoid liability, civil or criminal. ... Clarence Seward Darrow ca. ... Dudley Field Malone (1882 - 1950) was a lawyer and member of the Democratic Party who served as the collector of the Port of New York (1913-1917) and resigned to protest the failure of the Wilson Administration to advocate a Woman Suffrage Amendment. ... John Neal (1793 - 1876), novelist and poet, born at Portland, Maine, was self-educated, kept a dry goods store, and was afterwards a lawyer. ... Arthur Garfield Hays (1881-1954) was a successful corporate lawyer and counsel for the American Civil Liberties Union who was involved in many of the notable civil liberty cases of his day including the Scopes Trial (1925) in Tennessee and the Sacco-Vanzetti Case. ... Arthur Thomas Stewart (January 11, 1892–October 10, 1972), more commonly known as Tom Stewart, was a Democratic United States Senator from Tennessee from 1939 to 1949. ... William Jennings Bryan, 1907 William Jennings Bryan (March 19, 1860–July 26, 1925) was an American lawyer, statesman, and politician. ...

The case ended with a guilty verdict, and Scopes was fined $100, which Bryan and the ACLU offered to pay. The case was appealed to the Tennessee Supreme Court which found the Butler Act constitutional, but overturned Scopes conviction on a technicality; the judge had set the fine instead of the jury. The Butler Act remained until 1967 when it was repealed by the Tennessee legislature. Guilt is a word describing many concepts related to an emotion or condition caused by actions which are, or are believed to be, morally wrong. ... In law, a verdict indicates the judgment of a case before a court of law. ... The term legal technicality refers to the technical niceties and exactitudes of legal procedure, which is divided into criminal procedure and civil procedure. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ...

It is questioned whether Scopes ever taught evolution and was therefore innocent of the crime to which his name is inexorably linked. After the trial Scopes admitted to reporter William K. Hutchinson "I didn't violate the law," explaining he had skipped the evolution lesson and his lawyers had coached his students to go on the stand: the Dayton businessmen had assumed he had violated the law. Hutchinson did not file his story until after the Scopes appeal was decided in 1927. Scopes also admitted the truth to the wife of the Modernist minister Charles Francis Potter. Scopes was not allowed to take the stand at his trial for fear he would reveal his ignorance and turned down a $50,000 offer to lecture on evolution on the vaudeville stage because he did not know enough about the subject. Modernism is a cultural movement that generally includes the progressive art and architecture, music, literature and design which emerged in the decades before 1914. ... In most Protestant churches, a minister is a member of the ordained clergy who leads a congregation or participates in a role in a parachurch ministry; such a person may also be called a Pastor, Preacher, Bishop, Chaplain or Elder. ...

After the trial, Scopes went to the University of Chicago, where he received a master's degree in geology. After that he was mainly employed by the oil industry, in both the United States and Venezuela. He died at the age of 70, probably from a stroke. He is buried in Oak Grove Cemetery in Paducah, Kentucky. The University of Chicago is a private university principally located in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois, founded in 1890 and opened in 1892. ... A masters degree is an academic degree usually awarded for completion of a postgraduate or graduate course of one to three years in duration. ... Geology (from Greek γη- (ge-, the earth) and λογος (logos, word, reason)) is the science and study of the Earth, its composition, structure, physical properties, history and the processes that shape it. ... ... A stroke or cerebrovascular accident (CVA) occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain is suddenly interrupted. ... Paducah is a city located in McCracken County, Kentucky at the confluence of the Tennessee River and the Ohio River. ...

John Scopes wrote an autobiography entitled Center of the Storm: Memoirs of John T. Scopes. (Henry Holt & Company, Inc.—June 1967), ISBN 0030603404 An autobiography (from the Greek auton, self, bios, life and graphein, write) is a biography written by the subject or composed conjointly with a collaborative writer (styled as told to or with). The term dates from the late eighteenth century, but the form is much older. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ...

External links

• NPR Timeline of Events surrounding the Scopes Monkey Trial