John Tyndall.

John Tyndall (August 2, 1820 – December 4, 1893) was an Irish natural philosopher. Download high resolution version (597x755, 25 KB) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Download high resolution version (597x755, 25 KB) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... August 2 is the 214th day of the year (215th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... December 4th redirects here. ... Year 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Natural philosophy is a term applied to the objective study of nature and the physical universe before the development of modern science. ...

With Charles Darwin and Thomas Huxley his name is inseparably connected with the battle which began in the middle of the 19th century for making the new standpoint of modern science part of the accepted philosophy in general life. For many years, indeed, he came to represent to ordinary Englishmen the typical or ideal professor of physics. His strong, picturesque mode of seizing and expressing things gave him an immense living influence both in speech and writing, and disseminated a popular knowledge of physical science such as had not previously existed. But besides being a true educator, and perhaps the greatest popular teacher of natural philosophy in his generation, he was an earnest and original observer and explorer of nature. For other people of the same surname, and places and things named after Charles Darwin, see Darwin. ... Thomas Huxley Thomas Henry Huxley F.R.S. (May 4, 1825 – June 29, 1895) was a British biologist, known as Darwins Bulldog for his defence of Charles Darwins theory of evolution. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Part of a scientific laboratory at the University of Cologne. ... The philosopher Socrates about to take poison hemlock as ordered by the court. ... The meaning of the word professor (Latin: one who claims publicly to be an expert) varies. ... The first few hydrogen atom electron orbitals shown as cross-sections with color-coded probability density Physics (Greek: (phúsis), nature and (phusiké), knowledge of nature) is the branch of science concerned with the discovery and characterization of universal laws which govern matter, energy, space, and time. ...

Life

Early life

Tyndall was born in Leighlinbridge, County Carlow, Ireland, his father being the son of a small landowner in poor circumstances, but a man of more than ordinary ability, and descended from a Tyndall who settled in Ireland several centuries earlier from England. Leighlinbridge (Leithghlinn an Droichid in Irish) is a village in County Carlow, Ireland. ... Statistics Province: Leinster County Town: Carlow Code: CW Area: 896 km² Population (2006) 50,471 Website: www. ... // The Tyndalls are originally an Anglo-Scots family hailing from Tynedale in Northumberland, and who held estates in the English and Scottish Border Ridings. ...

Tyndall was to a large extent a self-made man. He had no early advantages, but with indomitable earnestness devoted himself to study, to which he was stimulated by the writings of Carlyle. He passed from a national school in County Carlow to a minor post (1839) in the Irish ordnance survey and then to the English Ordnance Survey (1842), attending Mechanics' Institute lectures at Preston. In 1844 he became a railway engineer, and in 1847 a teacher at Queenwood College, Hampshire. From there, with much spirit and in face of many difficulties, he and his colleague Edward Frankland, attended the University of Marburg (1848-1851), where, by intense application, Tyndall obtained his doctorate in two years. His inaugural dissertation was an essay on screw-surfaces. The most familiar view of Carlyle is as the bearded sage with a penetrating gaze. ... 1839 (MDCCCXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Ordnance Survey Ireland (OSI; Irish: Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann) is the mapping agency in the Republic of Ireland. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the  United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Unified  -  by Athelstan 927 AD  Area  -  Total 130... Part of an Ordnance Survey map at 1 inch to the mile scale from 1945 Ordnance Survey (OS) is an executive agency of the United Kingdom government. ... 1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Historically, Mechanics Institutes were educational establishments formed to provide adult education, particularly in technical subjects, to working people. ... Preston is a city and local government district in Lancashire, England and is located on the River Ribble. ... Jan. ... Look up engineer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... 1847 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Hampshire, sometimes historically Southamptonshire or Hamptonshire, (abbr. ... Sir Edward Frankland (January 18, 1825 – August 9, 1899) was an English chemist. ... University of Marburg - Department of Social Sciences and University library The old university The University of Marburg, officially Philipps-Universität Marburg, was founded in 1527 by Landgrave Philipp I of Hesse (usually called the Magnanimous) as the worlds first and oldest Protestant university. ... Year 1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about the thesis in dialectics and academia. ...

Meeting Huxley and early work

Tyndall's first original work in physical science was in his experiments on magnetism and diamagnetic polarity, on which he worked from 1850 to 1855. While he was still lecturing on natural philosophy at Queenwood College, his magnetic investigations made him known among the leading scientists of the day and, through the initiative of Sir Edward Sabine, treasurer of the Royal Society, he was elected F.R.S. in June 1852. In 1850 he had made Michael Faraday's acquaintance and, shortly before the Ipswich meeting of the British Association in 1851 he began a lasting friendship with Thomas Huxley. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with magnet. ... Diamagnetism is a very weak form of magnetism that is only exhibited in the presence of an external magnetic field. ... The polarity of an object is, in general, its physical alignment of atoms. ... For the game, see: 1850 (board game) 1850 (MDCCCL) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday [1] of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1855 (MDCCCLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Sir Edward Sabine (October 14, 1788 – May 26, 1883) was an Irish astronomer, scientist, ornithologist and explorer. ... The premises of The Royal Society in London (first four properties only). ... The Royal Society of London is claimed to be the oldest learned society still in existence and was founded in 1660. ... 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... For the game, see: 1850 (board game) 1850 (MDCCCL) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday [1] of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Michael Faraday, FRS (September 22, 1791 – August 25, 1867) was an English chemist and physicist (or natural philosopher, in the terminology of that time) who contributed significantly to the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. ... Timber framed buildings in St Nicholas Street The Ancient House is decorated with a particularly fine example of pargeting Ipswich (pronounced ) is the county town of Suffolk and a non-metropolitan district in East Anglia, England on the estuary of the River Orwell. ... The British Association or the British Association for the Advancement of Science or the BA is a learned society with the object of promoting science, directing general attention to scientific matters, and facilitating intercourse between scientific workers. ... 1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

The two young men stood for chairs of physics and natural history respectively, first at Toronto, next at Sydney, but they were in each case unsuccessful. On February 11, 1853 however, Tyndall gave, by invitation, a Friday-evening lecture (on "The Influence of Material Aggregation upon the Manifestations of Force") at the Royal Institution, and his public reputation was at once established. He then joined Huxley in running the science section of the Westminster Review and helped to form a group of evolutionists who paved the way for Charles Darwin's 1859 publication of The Origin of Species. The Sydney Opera House on Sydney Harbour Sydney (pronounced ) is the most populous city in Australia, with a metropolitan area population of 4,119,190, and 151,920 in the City of Sydney, as of the 2006 census. ... February 11 is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1853 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The Royal Institution of Great Britain was set up in 1799 by the leading British scientists of the age, including Henry Cavendish and its first president George Finch, the 9th Earl of Winchilsea, for diffusing the knowledge, and facilitating the general introduction, of useful mechanical inventions and improvements; and for... The Westminster Review was founded in 1823 by Jeremy Bentham and James Mill as a journal for philosophical radicals, and was published from 1824 to 1914. ... This article is about evolution in biology. ... For other people of the same surname, and places and things named after Charles Darwin, see Darwin. ... Year 1859 (MDCCCLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Charles Darwins Origin of Species (publ. ...

In May 1854 Tyndall was chosen professor of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution, a post that exactly suited his striking gifts and made him a colleague of Faraday whom, in 1866, he succeeded as scientific adviser to Trinity House and the Board of Trade, and, in 1867, as superintendent of the Royal Institution. His reverent attachment to Faraday is recorded in his memorial volume called Faraday as a Discoverer (1868). 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1866 (MDCCCLXVI) is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... The Corporation of Trinity House - came into being in 1514 by Royal Charter granted by Henry VIII. Flag of Trinity House Trinity House has three main functions: The care of all lighthouses in England, Wales, the Channel Islands and Gibraltar. ... The Board of Trade circa 1808. ... Cunt BAg Twat Fuk suck my penis ring 0778851865!!!!!!Year 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Media:Example. ...

Glaciology

Tyndall made an extended and serious investigation of glacier motion, developing a close association with Switzerland and a prolonged controversy with other contemporary scientists. This image shows the termini of the glaciers in the Bhutan-Himalaya. ...

In 1854, after the meeting of the British Association in Liverpool, Tyndall took part in a memorable visit to the Penrhyn slate quarries, where the question of "slaty cleavage" arose in his mind, and ultimately led him, with Huxley, to Switzerland to study the phenomena of glaciers of the Alps. Here the mountains seized him, and he became a constant visitor and one of the most intrepid and most resolute of mountaineers and explorers. Among other feats of climbing, he was the first to ascend the Weisshorn (1861). Tyndall climbed to within a few hundred feet of the top of the Matterhorn in 1864, the year before Edward Whymper succeeded. He would have made the summit but, when at the Matterhorn's penultimate peak, he grudgingly took the advice of his guide to turn back as a storm loomed. The penultimate peak is named in his honour -'John Tyndall 1864' is engraved on a stone upon it. The strong, vigorous, healthiness and enjoyment that permeate the record of his Alpine work are magnificent, and other traces of his influence remain in Switzerland to this day. 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. ... The Penrhyn Slate Quarry is a slate quarry located near Bethesda in north Wales. ... Slate Thick slate fragment Slate roof Slate is a fine-grained, homogeneous, metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low grade regional metamorphism. ... A dimension stone quarry. ... Cleavage, in mineralogy, is the tendency of crystalline materials to split along definite planes, creating smooth surfaces, of which there are several named types: Basal cleavage: cleavage parallel to the base of a crystal, or to the plane of the lateral axes. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Mountaineering is an umbrella term that can variously be used to describe the actions of climbing, hillwalking and scrambling. ... Rock climbers on Valkyrie at The Roaches in Staffordshire, England. ... Weisshorn is a mountain in the Swiss Alps, west of Zermatt and north of the Matterhorn. ... 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar) // January 1 - Benito Juárez captures Mexico City January 2 - Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia dies and is succeeded by... The Matterhorn (Italian: Monte Cervino, French: Mont Cervin or Le Cervin) is perhaps the most familiar mountain in the European Alps. ... 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Edward Whymper, 1881 Edward Whymper (April 27, 1840–September 16, 1911), was a British climber and explorer best known for the first ascent of the Matterhorn in 1865. ...

His mountaineering expeditions became legendary with his fellows in London's prestigious Alpine Club - he first climbed in the French Alps conquering Mont Blanc after breakfasting on a ham sandwich!

The problem of the flow of glaciers occupied his attention for years, and his views brought him into acute conflict with others, particularly James David Forbes and James Thomson. Every-one knew that glaciers moved, but the questions were: how they moved, for what reason and by what mechanism. Some thought they slid like solids, others that they flowed like liquids, others that they crawled by alternate expansion and contraction, or by alternate freezing and melting. Others again thought that they broke and mended. Thus there arose a chaos of controversy, illuminated by definite measurements and observations. Tyndall's own summary of the course of research on the subject was as follows: James David Forbes (April 20, 1809 - December 31, 1868) was a Scottish physicist who worked extensively on the conduction of heat, seismology and glaciology. ... James Thomson (February 16, 1822 - May 8, 1892) was an Irish engineer and physicist whose reputation would have been substantial had it not been overshadowed by that of his brother William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin. ... Floating, gliding or sliding refers to a group of footwork-oriented dance techniques and styles closely related to popping, which attempt to create the illusion that the dancers body is floating smoothly across the floor or that the legs are walking while the body travels in unexpected directions. ... For other uses, see Solid (disambiguation). ... Fluid dynamics is the sub-discipline of fluid mechanics dealing with fluids (liquids and gases) in motion. ... Expansion can have several meanings, including: In physics: Expansion of space In computer hardware: an Expansion card In computer programming: In-line expansion In computer gaming: an expansion pack See also: Wikipedia:Requests for expansion This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might... Contraction can mean: Contraction (childbirth), a contraction during childbirth; Contraction (linguistics), a new word formed from two or more individual words; Contraction (science), one that can occur to solid matter as it cools; Contraction mapping, in mathematics, a type of function on a metric space; Muscle contraction, one that occurs... In physics and chemistry, freezing is the process whereby a liquid turns to a solid. ... In physics, melting is the process of heating a solid substance to a point (called the melting point) where it turns into a liquid. ... Various meters Measurement is the estimation of a physical quantity such as length, temperature, or time. ...

The idea of semi-fluid motion belongs entirely to Rendu; the proof of the quicker central flow belongs in part to Rendu, but almost wholly to Agassiz and Forbes; the proof of the retardation of the bed belongs to Forbes alone; while the discovery of the locus of the point of maximum motion belongs, I suppose, to me. Louis Rendu (December 9, 1789 - August 28, 1859) was French Roman Catholic bishop of Annecy and a scientist, author of Theorie des glaciers de la Savoie, an important book on the mechanisms of glacial motion. ... Louis Agassiz Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz (May 28, 1807-December 14, 1873) was a Swiss-American zoologist and geologist, the husband of educator Elizabeth Cabot Cary Agassiz, and one of the first world-class American scientists. ... The word locus (plural loci) is Latin for place: In biology and evolutionary computation, a locus is the position of a gene (or other significant sequence) on a chromosome. ...

But while Forbes asserted that ice was viscous, Tyndall denied it, and insisted, as the result of his observations, on the flow being due to fracture and regelation. All agreed that ice flowed as if it were a viscous fluid and James Thomson offered an independent and purely thermodynamic explanation of this apparent viscosity. Tyndall considered Thomson's explanation insufficient to account for the facts he observed but Hermann Helmholtz, in his lecture on "Ice and Glaciers," adopted Thomson's theory, and afterwards added in an appendix that he had come to the conclusion that Tyndall had "assigned the essential and principal cause of glacier motion in referring it to fracture and regelation" (1865). Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid to deform under shear stress. ... For fractures in geologic formations, see Rock fracture. ... Regelation is the phenomenon of melting under pressure and freezing again when the pressure is reduced. ... A fluid is defined as a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress regardless of the magnitude of the applied stress. ... Thermodynamics (Greek: thermos = heat and dynamic = change) is the physics of energy, heat, work, entropy and the spontaneity of processes. ... Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (August 31, 1821 – September 8, 1894) was a German physician and physicist. ... 1865 (MDCCCLXV) is a common year starting on Sunday. ...

Thermodynamics and Microbiology

Tyndall's investigations of the transparency and opacity of gases and vapours for radiant heat, which occupied him during many years (1859-1871), are frequently considered his chief scientific work. But his activities were essentially many-sided. He definitely established the absorptive power of clear aqueous vapour--a point of great meteorological significance. An accomplished mountaineer fascinated with Louis Agassiz's daring proposal of ice ages, in which glaciers once covered enormous parts of the globe, Tyndall's experiments showed that in addition to water vapour, carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) - the form of carbon dioxide dissolved in water - can absorb a great deal of heat energy.[1] He then linked this phenomenon to the possibility of changes in the climate, trying to explain why glaciers could advance and retreat.[2] He made brilliant experiments elucidating the blue of the sky (which is a phenomenon resulting from Rayleigh scattering of sunlight) and discovered the precipitation of organic vapours by means of light. He called attention to curious phenomena occurring in the track of a luminous beam. He examined the opacity of the air for sound in connection with lighthouse and siren work. Water vapor or water vapour, also aqueous vapour, is the gas phase of water. ... Satellite image of Hurricane Hugo with a polar low visible at the top of the image. ... Rayleigh scattering causing the blue hue of the sky and the reddening at sunset Rayleigh scattering (named after Lord Rayleigh) is the scattering of light, or other electromagnetic radiation, by particles much smaller than the wavelength of the light. ...

Tyndall finally clinched the proof of what already had been substantially demonstrated by several others (particularly Louis Pasteur) that germ-free air did not initiate putrefaction, and that accordingly "spontaneous generation" was a chimera (1875-1876). A practical outcome of this research was a method of sterilizing a liquid medium by heating it to the boiling point at atmospheric pressure on successive days ("Tyndallization"). This treatment is sufficient to kill the growing microorganisms that develop from heat-refractory spores after the first day. "Tyndallization" is useful for sterilization of growth media for high school science classes and in other situations where autoclaves are unavailable for pressure sterilization.[3] Louis Pasteur (December 27, 1822 – September 28, 1895) was a French chemist best known for his remarkable breakthroughs in microbiology. ... Germ can mean: Microorganism, especially a pathogenic one; see Germ theory of disease. ... Putrefaction is the decomposition of proteins, especially by anaerobic microorganisms. ... Abiogenesis, in its most general sense, is the hypothetical generation of life from non-living matter. ... 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Sterilization (or sterilisation) refers to any process that effectively kills or eliminates transmissible agents (such as fungi, bacteria, viruses and prions) from a surface, equipment, foods, medications, or biological culture medium. ... A cluster of Escherichia coli bacteria magnified 10,000 times. ... This article is about a biological reproductive structure; for the video game, see Spore (video game). ... A growth medium is an object in which microorganisms or cells in experience growth. ... Main article: Secondary education High school is a name used in some parts of the world, and particularly in North America, to describe the last segment of compulsory education, which is otherwise known as secondary education. ... Front loading autoclaves are common Stovetop autoclaves need to be monitored carefully and are the simplest of all autoclaves Multiple large autoclaves are used for processing substantial quantities of laboratory equipment prior to reuse, and infectious material prior to disposal. ...

For the substantial publication of these researches reference must be made to the Transactions of the Royal Society; but an account of many of them was incorporated in his best-known books, namely, the famous Heat as a Mode of Motion (1863; and later editions to 1880), the first popular exposition of the mechanical theory of heat, which in 1862 had not reached the textbooks; The Forms of Water, &c. (1872); Lectures on Light (1873); Essays on the floating-matter of the air in relation to putrefaction and infection (1881); On Sound (1867; revised 1875, 1883, 1803). The original memoirs themselves on radiant heat and on magnetism were collected and issued as two large volumes under the following titles: Diamagnetism and Magne-crystallic Action (1870); Contributions to Molecular Physics in the Domain of Radiant Heat (1872). In 1875 Tyndall reported to the Royal Society in London that a species of Penicillium had caused some of his bacteria to burst. This discovery of antibiotic properties of penicillium predated Ernest Duchesne by 20 years and Alexander Fleming by over 50 years. Year 1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Ernest Duchesne Ernest Duchesne (May 30, 1874 – April 12, 1912) was a French physician who noted that certain moulds kill bacteria. ... Alexander Fleming Sir Alexander Fleming (6 August 1881 – 11 March 1955) was a Scottish biologist and pharmacologist. ...

Personality and private life

John Tyndall's signature

It was on the whole the personality, however, rather than the discoverer, that was greatest in Tyndall. In the pursuit of science for its own sake, undisturbed by sordid considerations, he shone as a beacon light to younger men — an exemplar of simple tastes, robust nature and lofty aspirations. His elevation above the common run of men was conspicuous in his treatment of the money which came to him in connexion with his successful lecturing tour in the United States(1872–1873). It amounted to several thousands of pounds, but he would touch none of it; he placed it in the hands of trustees for the benefit of American science — an act of lavishness which bespeaks a noble nature. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Though not so prominent as Huxley in detailed controversy over theological problems, Tyndall played an important part in educating the public mind in the attitude which the development of natural philosophy entailed towards dogma and religious authority. His famous Belfast address (1874), delivered as president of the British Association, made a great stir among those who were then busy with the supposed conflict between science and religion; and in his occasional writings — Fragments of Science, as he called them, "for unscientific people" — he touched on current conceptions of prayer, miracles, etc., with characteristic straightforwardness and vigour. The British Association or the British Association for the Advancement of Science or the BA is a learned society with the object of promoting science, directing general attention to scientific matters, and facilitating intercourse between scientific workers. ...

As a public speaker Tyndall had an inborn Irish readiness and vehemence of expression; and, though a thorough Liberal, he split from Mr Gladstone on Irish home rule, and took an active part in politics in opposing it. William Ewart Gladstone (December 29, 1809 - May 19, 1898) was a British Liberal politician and Prime Minister (1868-1874, 1880-1885, 1886 and 1892-1894). ... Look up Devolution in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

In 1876 Tyndall married Louisa, daughter of Lord Claud Hamilton. He built in 1877 a cottage on Bel Alp above the Rhone valley, and in 1885 a house on Hindhead, near Haslemere. At the latter place he spent most of his later years; his health was, however, no longer as vigorous as his brain, and he suffered frequently from sleeplessness. In Hindhead on December 4, 1893, Louisa accidentally gave him an overdose of chloral hydrate - a drug which he took for his insomnia. His last words were, reputedly, "Louisa, you have killed your beloved John." He died during Louisa's agonizing search for an antidote. The doctor she called gave him an emetic but it failed to rouse him. [Eve & Creasy, Life and Work of John Tyndall]. Hindhead is a village on the A3 road in Surrey, about 10 miles south-west of Guildford. ... Haslemere is a town in Surrey in southern England, with a population of nearly 14,000. ... Chloral hydrate, also known as trichloroacetaldehyde monohydrate, 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-ethanediol, and under the tradenames Aquachloral, Novo-Chlorhydrate, Somnos, Noctec, and Somnote, is a sedative and hypnotic drug as well as a chemical reagent and precursor. ...

Louisa spent the rest of her days championing his life and work among his peers and the general public, especially children, who he had always striven to imbue with a love of science. She found it difficult to write his biography and was often at loggerheads with the biographers. She first chose the experienced Leonard Huxley, and later Eve and Creasy. She would not allow them to examine some of his private papers, for reasons which are not known. Before her death she excised pages from her own diaries relating to her personal relationship with John. These diaries - along with John Tyndall's archive, are now housed in the Royal Institution - of which he was a former Director - in London's Albermarle Street. One of their prized possessions is a sealed test-tube containing his urine. He once used his urine, in open test tubes, while studying the effect of atmospheric pollution and putrifaction. He would hang one tube on a line in London, one in Hindhead and another in his Alpine retreat, with assistants noting the extent of putrifaction. These experiments helped him prove the germ theories of his antecedents and contemporaries. Leonard Huxley (1860 - 1933) was a British writer and editor. ... The Royal Institution of Great Britain was set up in 1799 by the leading British scientists of the age, including Henry Cavendish and its first president George Finch, the 9th Earl of Winchilsea, for diffusing the knowledge, and facilitating the general introduction, of useful mechanical inventions and improvements; and for...

The Royal Institution commemorates Tyndall with a series of eponymous BBC-televised Christmas lectures by eminent scientists.

Honours

• A crater on Mars is named in his honour, as is a pub in Carlow town, and a mountain, Mount Tyndall, in California's Sierra Nevada range.
• The asteroid 22694 Tyndall was named in his honour on 1 June 2007.†
• In 2005 the NMRC in Ireland joined with the Photonics group of UCC, to form The Tyndall National Institute in Cork, Ireland, named in his honour. (see link below)

Tycho crater on Earths moon. ... Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in the solar system, named after the Roman god of war (the counterpart of the Greek Ares), on account of its blood red color as viewed in the night sky. ... An amusingly named pub (the Old New Inn) at Bourton-on-the-Water, in the Cotswold Hills of South West England A pub in the Haymarket area of Edinburgh, Scotland A public house, usually known as a pub, is a drinking establishment found mainly in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 52. ... Mount Tyndall is a peak in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in the U.S. state of California. ... This article is about the mountain range in the Western United States. ... 253 Mathilde, a C-type asteroid. ... June 1 is the 152nd day of the year (153rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...

See also

• Tyndall Centre
• Tyndall effect
• Tyndall Forum
• Discoveries of anti-bacterial effects of penicillium moulds before Fleming
• Relationship between religion and science

Carlow singer songwriter Richie Kavanagh has a song about John Tyndall on one of his albums. The Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research is an organisation based in the United Kingdom that brings together scientists, economists, engineers and social scientists to research, assess and communicate from a distinct trans-disciplinary perspective, the options to mitigate, and the necessities to adapt to, climate change, and to integrate... Shot of sunbeams breaking through nebula bank The term Tyndall effect is usually applied to the effect of light scattering on particles in colloid systems, such as suspensions or emulsions. ... The Tyndall Forum is an environmental science and opinion former debating group named after the scientist John Tyndall. ... Discoveries of anti-bacterial effects of penicillium moulds before Fleming Penicillin, isolated and named by Alexander Fleming Alexander Fleming, although he discovered and identified the mould independently of the previous researchers, was not the first to discover the antibacterial properties of the Penicillium mould. ... Science and Religion are portrayed to be in harmony in the Tiffany window Education (1890). ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

John Tyndall

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

John Tyndall

• Works by John Tyndall at Project Gutenberg
  • Six Lectures on Light Delivered In The United States In 1872–1873, Project Gutenberg etext.
• Works by John Tyndall at Internet Archive
• VictorianWeb.org Page on Tyndall — links to Tyndall's writings
• Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research — leading European climate change research centre named in honour of Tyndall.
• Tyndall National Institute — Cork based research institute named after Tyndall

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Wikiquote is a sister project of Wikipedia, using the same MediaWiki software. ... Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to digitize, archive, and distribute cultural works. ... The logo of Internet Archive Internet Archive headquarters The Internet Archive (IA) is a non-profit organization dedicated to maintaining an on-line library and archive of Web and multimedia resources. ...

Bibliography

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

Encyclopædia Britannica, the 11th edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...

About Tyndall

• Eve, A.S & Creasey, C.H. (1945). Life and Work of John Tyndall. London: Macmillan. 
• Burchfield, J.A. (1981). John Tyndall, Essays on a Natural Philosopher. Dublin: Royal Dublin Society. 

By Tyndall

• Tyndall, J. [1860] (2005). The Glaciers of the Alps. Adamant Media Corp.. ISBN 1-4212-0908-X. 
• Tyndall, J. [1870] (2001). Heat, A Mode of Motion. London: Longmans, Green & Co.. ISBN 1-4021-6852-7. 
• Tyndall, J. [1871] (2001). Fragments of Science for Unscientific People: A Series of Detached Essays, Lectures, and Reviews. New York: Appleton & Co.. ISBN 1-4021-7127-7. 
• Tyndall, J. [1875] (2005). Sound. London: Longmans, Green & Co.. ISBN 1-4021-7037-8. 
• Tyndall, J. [1893] (2003). Faraday as a Discoverer. U.S.: Indypublish.com. ISBN 1-4043-6523-0. 
• Tyndall, J. [1897] (2005). The Forms of Water in Clouds and Rivers, Ice and Glaciers. Kessinger. ISBN 1-4179-4205-3.