John V. Lindsay
Mayor of New York City
In office January 1, 1966 – December 31, 1973
Preceded by	Robert F. Wagner, Jr.
Succeeded by	Abraham D. Beame
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 17th district
In office January 3, 1959 – December 31, 1965
Preceded by	Frederic René Coudert, Jr.
Succeeded by	Theodore Kupferman
Born	November 24, 1921(1921-11-24) New York, New York
Died	December 19, 2000 (aged 79) Hilton Head Island, South Carolina
Political party	Republican, Liberal, Democratic
Spouse	Mary Harrison Lindsay (1926–2004)
Profession	Attorney
Religion	Episcopalian

John Vliet Lindsay (November 24, 1921 – December 19, 2000) was an American liberal politician who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1959 to 1965 and mayor of New York City from 1966 to 1973. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 572 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (2799 × 2931 pixel, file size: 822 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) John Vliet Lindsay ( November 24, 1921 – December 19, 2000) was an American politician who served as a Congressman (1959-1965) and mayor of New York City... For a list of the Dutch Director-Generals who governed New Amsterdam (as New York City was called when it was a Dutch-run settlement) between 1624 and 1664, see: Director-General of New Netherland. ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ... is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... Mayor Wagner greets the Little Rock Nine (1958) Robert Ferdinand Wagner, Jr. ... Abraham David Beame (commonly known as Abe Beame) (March 20, 1906 - February 10, 2001) was mayor of New York City from 1974 to 1977. ... The United States House of Representatives (or simply the House) is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. ... “NY” redirects here. ... New Yorks 17th Congressional District is a congressional district for the United States House of Representatives located in Southern New York. ... is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... Frederic René Coudert Jr. ... Theodore Roosevelt Kupferman (May 12, 1920 - September 23, 2003) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from New York. ... is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Midtown Manhattan, looking north from the Empire State Building, 2005 New York City (officially named the City of New York) is the most populous city in the state of New York and the entire United States. ... is the 353rd day of the year (354th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... Location of Hilton Head Island in South Carolina Coordinates: , Country United States State South Carolina County Beaufort County Incorporated (town) 1983 Government  - Mayor Tom Peeples  - Town manager Steve Riley  - Fire chief Tom Fieldstead Area  - Town  55. ... The Republican Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States of America, along with the Democratic Party. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Chief Justice Associate Justices Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Counties/Parishes/Boroughs, Cities, and Towns Other countries Politics Portal      The Liberal Party of New York is a dormant minor American political party... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      Further information: Politics of the United States#Organization of American political parties The Democratic... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... An attorney is someone who represents someone else in the transaction of business: For attorney-at-law, see lawyer, solicitor, barrister or civil law notary. ... The word Episcopal is derived from the Greek επισκοπος epískopos, which literally means overseer; the word however is used in religious terms to mean bishop. ... John Lindsay may refer to: John Lindsay, American politician John Lindsay (admiral), father of Dido Elizabeth Belle John de Lindesay, 14th century bishop of Glasgow John Lindsay (cricketer) Category: ... is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... is the 353rd day of the year (354th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... Look up liberal on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Liberal may refer to: Politics: Liberalism American liberalism, a political trend in the USA Political progressivism, a political ideology that is for change, often associated with liberal movements Liberty, the condition of being free from control or restrictions Liberal Party, members of... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A politician is an individual who is a formally recognized and active member of a government, or a person who influences the way a society is governed through an understanding of political power and group dynamics. ... The United States House of Representatives (or simply the House) is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... For a list of the Dutch Director-Generals who governed New Amsterdam (as New York City was called when it was a Dutch-run settlement) between 1624 and 1664, see: Director-General of New Netherland. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Year 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ...

Early life

Lindsay was born in New York City on West End Avenue to George Nelson Lindsay and the former Florence Eleanor Vliet. Contrary to popular assumptions, John Lindsay was neither a blue-blood nor very wealthy by birth, although he did grow up in an upper middle class family of English and Dutch extraction. Lindsay's paternal grandfather immigrated to the United States in the 1880s from the Isle of Wight, and his mother was from an upper-middle class family that had been in New York since the 1660s. John's father was a successful lawyer and investment banker, and was able to send his son to the prestigious Buckley School, St. Paul's School, and Yale, where he was inducted into the famous secret society, Scroll and Key. Lindsay received his bachelor of arts degree from Yale in 1944 and his law degree from there as well in 1948. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is about the English as a nation. ... // Development and commercial production of electric lighting Development and commercial production of gasoline-powered automobile by Karl Benz, Gottlieb Daimler and Maybach First commercial production and sales of phonographs and phonograph recordings. ... The Isle of Wight is an English island and county, off the southern English coast, to the south of the county of Hampshire, between the Solent and the English Channel. ... Events and Trends Samuel Pepys begins his famous diary in 1660 and ends it, due to failing eyesight in 1669. ... History B. Lord Buckley—a professional educator and an innovator in his time—founded The Buckley School in 1913. ... St. ... “Yale” redirects here. ... The Scroll and Key Society is a secret society established by John Addison Porter and others at Yale University, New Haven, CT, in 1842. ... A B.A. issused as a certificate Bachelor of Arts (B.A., BA or A.B.), from the Latin Artium Baccalaureus is an undergraduate bachelors degree awarded for either a course or a program in the liberal arts or the sciences, or both. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

During World War II, Lindsay joined the United States Naval Reserve and obtained the rank of lieutenant. His service extended from 1943 to 1946. He was admitted to the bar in 1949 and practiced law for a few years before gravitating towards politics. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... The United States Naval Reserve is the reserve component of the United States Navy. ... Lieutenant is a military, naval, paramilitary, fire service or police officer rank. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1949 calendar). ...

Elected to Congress as a Republican from the "Silk Stocking" district in 1958, Lindsay established a liberal voting record, known for his strong support of civil rights legislation and social programs. In 1965, Lindsay was elected mayor as a Republican with the support of the Liberal Party of New York in a three-way race. (He switched to Democratic allegiance in 1971.) He defeated Democratic mayoral candidate Abraham D. Beame, then City Comptroller, as well as National Review magazine founder William F. Buckley, Jr., who ran on the Conservative line. In 1968, after the assassination of popular liberal U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy, Lindsay turned down an offer from Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller to take over Kennedy's seat[1]. Rockefeller then chose the liberal Republican Charles E. Goodell, who was unseated by Bill Buckley's older brother, Conservative Party nominee James L. Buckley, in 1970. The Republican Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States of America, along with the Democratic Party. ... The Upper East Side at Sunset The Upper East Side is a neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan in New York City, USA, between Central Park and the East River. ... Year 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Civil rights or positive rights are those legal rights retained by citizens and protected by the government. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Chief Justice Associate Justices Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Counties/Parishes/Boroughs, Cities, and Towns Other countries Politics Portal      The Liberal Party of New York is a dormant minor American political party... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      Further information: Politics of the United States#Organization of American political parties The Democratic... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ... Abraham David Beame (commonly known as Abe Beame) (March 20, 1906 - February 10, 2001) was mayor of New York City from 1974 to 1977. ... National Review (NR) is a biweekly magazine of political opinion, founded by author William F. Buckley, Jr. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article is about the conservative journalist and commentator. ... The Conservative Party of New York is a minor political party active only in New York State. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Assassin and Assassins redirect here. ... The United States Senate is the upper house of the U.S. Congress, smaller than the United States House of Representatives. ... Robert Francis Bobby Kennedy (November 20, 1925 – June 6, 1968), also called RFK, was one of two younger brothers of U.S. President John F. Kennedy and served as United States Attorney General from 1961 to 1964. ... For other uses, see Governor (disambiguation). ... Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (July 8, 1908 - January 26, 1979) was a Governor of New York and the 41st Vice President of the United States of America from December 19, 1974 to January 20, 1977. ... Charles Ellsworth Goodell (March 16, 1926–January 21, 1987) was a Representative and a Senator from New York, notable for coming into both offices under special circumstances following the deaths of his predecessors. ... James Buckley James Lane Buckley (born March 9, 1923 in New York City) was a United States Senator from the Conservative Party of New York State from January 3, 1971 to January 3, 1977. ... Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Mayoralty

Lindsay inherited a city with serious fiscal and economic problems left by outgoing Democratic Mayor Robert F. Wagner, Jr. The old manufacturing jobs that supported generations of uneducated immigrants were disappearing, millions of middle class residents were fleeing to the suburbs, and public sector workers had won the right to unionize. Mayor Wagner greets the Little Rock Nine (1958) Robert Ferdinand Wagner, Jr. ... Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, making by hand) is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale. ...

Lindsay addressing crowd

Image File history File links Size of this preview: 492 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (841 × 1024 pixel, file size: 108 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) http://memory. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 492 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (841 × 1024 pixel, file size: 108 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) http://memory. ...

Activism and unrest

Public sector union activism would turn out to be the bane of Lindsay's administration. On his first day as mayor, the Transport Workers Union of America (TWU) led by Mike Quill shut down the city with a complete halt of subway and bus service. Though it was often asserted that the transit workers were underpaid, the strike more than anything was an effort by an old-guard Irish leadership to reinforce its power over a union that by 1966 had more black and Hispanic members than ethnic Irish. The leader of the TWU had predicted a nine-day strike at most, but Lindsay's refusal to negotiate delayed a settlement and the strike lasted twelve days. Quill's mocking press conferences gave the city the impression that Lindsay was not tough enough to deal with the city's sources of power. < [[[[math>Insert formula here</math>The public sector is that part of economic and administrative life that deals with the delivery of goods and services by and for the [[government </math></math></math></math> Direct administration funded through taxation; the delivering organisation generally has no specific requirement to meet commercial... Transport Workers Union of America (TWU) is a United States labor union that was founded in 1934 by subway workers in New York City, then expanded to represent transit employees in other cities, primarily in the eastern U.S. This article discusses the parent union and its largest local, Local... Michael J. Quill (1905–1966) was one of the founders of the Transport Workers Union of America (TWU), a union founded by subway workers in New York City that expanded to represent employees in other forms of transit, and the President of the TWU for most of the first thirty... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Year 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ...

The settlement of the strike, combined with increased welfare costs and general economic decline, forced Lindsay to push through the New York state legislature in 1966 a municipal income tax hike and higher water rates for city residents, plus a new commuter tax for people who worked in the city but resided elsewhere. By 1970, New Yorkers were paying $384 per person in taxes, the highest in the nation. In contrast, the average Chicago resident paid $244 per person. (Source, Can Cities Survive? The Fiscal Plight of American Cities, Pettengill and Uppal, p. 76.) Tax rates around the world Tax revenue as % of GDP Economic policy Monetary policy Central bank   Money supply Fiscal policy Spending   Deficit   Debt Trade policy Tariff   Trade agreement Finance Financial market Financial market participants Corporate   Personal Public   Banking   Regulation        An income tax is a tax levied on the financial income... A commuter tax is a tax (generally on either income or wages) levied upon persons who work in a jurisdiction, but who do not live (are not domiciled) in that jurisdiction. ... Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Nickname: Motto: Urbs in Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in the Chicago metro area and Illinois Coordinates: , Country State Counties Cook, DuPage Settled 1770s Incorporated March 4, 1837 Government  - Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Area  - City  234. ...

The transit strike was the first of many labor struggles. In 1968 the teachers' union (the United Federation of Teachers (UFT)) went on strike over the firings of several teachers in a school in the neighborhood of Ocean Hill-Brownsville. Demanding the reinstatement of the dismissed teachers, the four-month battle became a symbol of the chaos of New York City and the city's difficulty to deliver a functioning school system. Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The United Federation of Teachers (UFT) is the labor union that represents most educators in New York City public schools. ... Ocean Hill is a neighborhood on the Northeastern section of Brooklyn in New York City. ... Brownsville is a neighborhood in central Brooklyn. ...

That same year, 1968, also saw a week-long sanitation strike. Lindsay was widely blamed for the disaster for not making a counteroffer to the union's pre-strike proposal. Quality of life in New York reached a nadir during this strike, as ten-foot tall mountains of garbage grew on New York City sidewalks. Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... E. Coli bacteria under magnification Sanitation is the hygienic disposal or recycling of waste, as well as the policy and practice of protecting health through hygienic measures. ... For other uses, see Waste (disambiguation). ...

The summer of 1970 ushered in another devastating strike, as over 8,000 workers belonging to AFSCME District Council 37 walked off their jobs for two days. The strikers included workers on the city's drawbridges and sewer plants. Drawbridges over the Harlem River were locked in the "up" position, barring transit by automobile, and hundreds of thousands of gallons of raw sewage flowed into area waterways. Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) is the second- or third-largest labor union in the United States and one of the fastest-growing, representing over 1. ... Drawbridge at the fort of Ponta da Bandeira; Lagos, Portugal A drawbridge is a type of movable bridge typically associated with the entrance of a castle, but the term is often used to describe all different types of movable bridges, like bascule bridges and lift bridges. ... The Harlem River, shown in red, between the Bronx and Manhattan in New York City The Harlem River is a tidal strait in New York City, USA that flows 8 miles (13 km) between the East River and the Hudson River, separating the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx. ...

This was also the year of the Hard Hat Riot on Wall Street and Broadway on May 8th, in which antiwar protestors clashed with construction workers from the World Trade Center construction site. The protesters had set up along the statue of George Washington on Wall Street and were reportedly waving Viet Cong flags and defiling American flags in protesting the Kent State shootings. The "Hard Hats" proceeded to storm the statue's base in anger and set up American flags, then pursued the fleeing protestors. The resulting chaos then spilled out to the Pace University campus and City Hall. This was one of the slowest days on the New York Stock Exchange in months, as the construction workers were unexpectedly joined by some white collar office workers from the exchange. Lindsay had ordered that all flags on City buildings be lowered to half mast to show respect for the four students killed at Kent State, a measure that the construction workers were overwhelmingly opposed, but many city residents applauded. They threatened to overwhelm City Hall unless the flag was raised to full height, which it eventually was. Lindsay also took the blame for the lack of action by the NYPD, which made little attempt to stop the construction workers from rioting. Reportedly, as the American flag was raised to full over City Hall, the construction workers demanded that the fifteen officers remove their riot helmets in respect. Seven did. ^{[citation needed]} This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Elaborate marble facade of NYSE as seen from the intersection of Broad and Wall Streets For other uses, see Wall Street (disambiguation). ... A view of Broadway in 1909 Broadway, as the name implies, is a wide avenue in New York City. ... is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... “WTC” redirects here. ... George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799)[1] led Americas Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and in 1789 was elected the first President of the United States of America. ... A Viet Cong soldier, heavily guarded, awaits interrogation following capture in the attacks on Saigon during the festive Tet holiday period of 1968. ... John Filos iconic Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph of Mary Ann Vecchio, a fourteen-year-old runaway, kneeling over the dead body of Jeffrey Miller after he was shot by the National Guard. ... Pace University is a private, co-educational and comprehensive multi-campus university in the New York metropolitan area with campuses in New York City and Westchester County, New York. ... ... The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), nicknamed the Big Board, is a New York City-based stock exchange. ... The New York City Police Department (NYPD) was created in 1845 and currently is the largest municipal police force in the world with primary responsibilities in law enforcement and investigation within the five boroughs of New York City. ...

Counterculture issues

Students

During the late 1960s, thousands of hippies came to live in Greenwich Village. In hope of finding someone to control them, the Lindsay administration put Abbie Hoffman and Jerry Rubin on the municipal payroll at $100 a week.^{[citation needed]} Hippies (singular hippie or sometimes hippy) were members of the 1960s counterculture movement who adopted a communal or nomadic lifestyle, renounced corporate nationalism and the Vietnam War, embraced aspects of Buddhism, Hinduism, and/or Native American religious culture, and were otherwise at odds with traditional middle class Western values. ... The Washington Square Arch Greenwich Village (IPA pronunciation: ), also called simply the Village, is a largely residential area on the west side of downtown (southern) Manhattan in New York City named after Greenwich, London. ... Abbott Howard Abbie Hoffman (November 30, 1936 – April 12, 1989) was a self-identified communo-anarchist,[1] social and political activist in the United States, co-founder of the Youth International Party (Yippies), and later, a fugitive from the law, who lived under an alias following a conviction for dealing... Jerry Rubin (July 14, 1938 – November 28, 1994) was a high-profile American social activist during the 1960s and 1970s. ...

African-Americans

Protesters would march on City Hall with signs saying "no money, no peace". Sonny Carson in 1967 sent a letter to Lindsay saying it "would be a 'cool summer' if Lindsay kept funneling money to the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)."^{[citation needed]} Unlike many American cities, New York avoided major race riots, due largely to Lindsay's walks through ghetto neighborhoods helping residents to keep calm. Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... “CORE” redirects here. ...

Role in Stonewall Inn riot

In 1969 Lindsay was behind an effort to raid the gay bar known as the Stonewall Inn.^{[citation needed]} Many historians suspect that this was done because Lindsay had lost the Republican primary and was trying to gather votes from John Marchi, the mayoral nominee of the Republican and Conservative parties.^{[citation needed]} The riot that erupted as a result of the police raid is considered a major milestone in the American gay rights movement. Also: 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... A gay bar is a drinking establishment that caters exclusively or primarily to a gay and/or lesbian clientele. ... LGBT rights Around the world · By country History · Groups · Activists Declaration of Montreal Same-sex relationships Marriage · Adoption Opposition · Persecution Violence This box:      The Stonewall Inn in January 2003 The Stonewall Inn was the site of the famous Stonewall riots of 1969, which have come to symbolize the beginning of... The gay rights movement is a collection of loosely aligned civil rights groups, human rights groups, support groups and political activists seeking acceptance, tolerance and equality for non-heterosexual, (homosexual, bisexual), and transgender people - despite the fact that it is typically referred to as the gay rights movement, members also...

Political machinations

Lindsay's position in the Republican Party grew increasingly tenuous over time. He had nominated Spiro Agnew (then seen as something of a Maryland "moderate") for Vice President in 1968 at the GOP Convention, which met in Miami Beach. Lindsay soon opposed Nixon's policies. In 1969, a backlash against Lindsay caused him to lose the Republican mayoral primary to state Senator John J. Marchi, who was enthusiastically supported by Buckley and the party conservatives. In the Democratic primary, the most conservative candidate, City Controller Mario Procaccino, defeated several more liberal contenders and won the nomination with only a plurality of the votes. "The more the Mario," he quipped. Spiro Theodore Agnew (November 9, 1918 – September 17, 1996) was the thirty-ninth Vice President of the United States serving under President Richard M. Nixon, and the fifty-fifth Governor of Maryland. ... Official language(s) None (English, de facto) Capital Annapolis Largest city Baltimore Area  Ranked 42nd  - Total 12,407 sq mi (32,133 km²)  - Width 101 miles (145 km)  - Length 249 miles (400 km)  - % water 21  - Latitude 37° 53′ N to 39° 43′ N  - Longitude 75° 03′ W to 79° 29... Seal of the office of the Vice-President of the United States The Vice President of the United States is the first in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death, resignation, or removal of the President. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Republican Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States of America, along with the Democratic Party. ... Location in Miami-Dade and the state of Florida. ... Also: 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... A primary election is an election in which voters in a jurisdiction select candidates for a subsequent election (nominating primary). ... The New York State Senate is one of two houses in the New York State Legislature and has members each elected to two-year terms. ... John J. Marchi (born May 20, 1921 in Staten Island, New York) is the longest serving state legislator in the United States. ... Mario Angelo Procaccino(1912-1995) — of New York. ... A plurality, relative majority or simple majority is the largest share of something, which may or may not be considered a majority, i. ...

Despite not having the Republican nomination, Lindsay was still on the ballot as the candidate of the New York Liberal Party. Running as the only liberal candidate in a heavily liberal city, Lindsay formed a coalition of minorities, Jews, and public sector unions to eke out a win by plurality. He admitted that "mistakes were made" and called being mayor of New York "the second toughest job in America". Lindsay re-entered City Hall, however, in a politically weakened position, neither aligned with Democrats or Republicans, nor having support from the majority of the electorate.

In 1971, Lindsay launched a brief and quite unsuccessful bid for the Democratic presidential nomination, eventually obtained by the liberal U.S. Senator George McGovern of South Dakota. He attracted positive media attention and was a successful fundraiser. Lindsay did well in the early caucuses in Arizona, but dropped out after single digit showings in the Florida and Wisconsin primaries in March. A hardy band of disgruntled protesters, mainly from Queens, followed Lindsay around his aborted campaign itinerary to jeer and heckle him. Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ... George McGovern on May 8, 1972 cover of Time Magazine George Stanley McGovern, Ph. ... Official language(s) English Capital Pierre Largest city Sioux Falls Area  Ranked 17th  - Total 77,163 sq mi (199,905 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 380 miles (610 km)  - % water 1. ...

The bargains Lindsay made with the unions later contributed to the fiscal crisis of Beame's administration. To secure their political support, Lindsay offered unions large raises — the transit workers managed an 18 percent salary increase, an extra week of vacation, and fully paid pensions; District Council 37 got a raise and retirement after twenty years; the teachers received increases of 22 to 37 percent.

Middle class problems

Crime soared in NYC during Lindsay's term, as it did in other cities. From 1961 to 1965 NYC had 7.6 homicides per 100,000 people; from 1971 to 1975 it had 21.7 homicides per 100,000. (source Encyclopedia of New York City, 297). Many white New Yorkers associated crime exclusively with blacks and Puerto Ricans. Jonathan Reider, in his well known study of the white backlash in Canarsie, Brooklyn, had this to say: "Canarsians spoke about crime with more unanimity than they achieved on any other subject, and they spoke often and forcefully... one police officer explained that he earned his living by getting mugged. On his roving beat he had been mugged hundreds of time in five years. 'I only been mugged by a white guy one time'" (Canarsie, 67). Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Backlash has meaning in both socio-political and engineering contexts. ... A typical street in Canarsie. ...

Lindsay was seen as being far from sympathetic to the needs of working-class white ethnics. Republican State Senator John Calandra said in 1968: Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

"The North Bronx area has suddenly and without any prior notice had its garbage collection reduced from 3 weekly pickups to 2. . . why the decline in service by City Hall, which had a record $6 billion approved for it by our rubber stamp, so called City Council? Rumor has it that men and equipment have been diverted to the South Bronx. The North Bronx pays most of the taxes yet the South Bronx, which pays hardly any at all, gets all the services and facilities from our City Departments and Mayor. If more money is needed for our Sanitation Dept., then I suggest that our fun-loving Mayor find it in the same way he found $7 million for the Youth Corps after that disgraceful, illegal, and wanton riot at City Hall." (Cannato, 391)

Murder at the Harlem Mosque

On Friday, April 14, 1972, Patrolman Philip Cardillo and Vito Navarra responded to a "10-13" call at 102 East 116th Street, which was a Nation of Islam mosque where Malcolm X used to preach. Upon arriving inside, they were ambushed by 15 to 20 men, one of whom, according to the ballistics report, shot Cardillo at point blank range. Most of the police were forced out of the mosque and locked out, leaving a dying Cardillo and officers Victor Padilla and Ivan Negron locked from within. Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... The Nation of Islam (NOI) is a religious and social/political organization founded in the United States by Wallace Fard Muhammad in 1930 with the self-proclaimed goal of resurrecting the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of the black men and women of America and the rest of the... Malcolm X, born Malcolm Little, also known as Detroit Red and Al-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz (Omaha, Nebraska, May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965 in New York City) was a Muslim Minister and National Spokesman for the Nation of Islam. ... Ballistics (gr. ...

Police eventually managed to break down the door and witnessed a man named Louis 17X Dupree standing over Cardillo with a gun in hand. Before Dupree could be taken into custody, however, Louis Farrakhan and Charles Rangel arrived at the scene, threatening a riot if Dupree was not released. Just as the police forensics unit was about to seal off the crime scene, they were ordered out of the mosque by the police brass. Outside a mob had overrun the street and overturned a police cruiser, shouting, "I hope you die you pigs. I hope you drop dead." (Cannato 485-486) Louis Farrakhan (born Louis Eugene Walcott, May 11, 1933), is the head of the Nation of Islam. ... Charles Bernard Rangel Charles Bernard Rangel (born June 11, American politician. ...

One of the officials who hampered the ballistics investigation ^{[citation needed]} was Benjamin Ward who later became police commissioner under Mayor Ed Koch. Ward had ordered all white police officers away from the scene, aquiescing to the demands of Farrakhan and Rangel. (Cannato 487) Benjamin Ward Benjamin Ward was born on August 10, 1926 in the Weeksville section of Brooklyn, New York, one of 11 children. ... The New York City Police Commissioner is the head of the New York City Police Department, appointed by the Mayor of New York City. ... Edward Irving Koch (born December 12, 1924; pronounced to rhyme with Scotch) was a United States Congressman from 1969 to 1977 and the Mayor of New York City from 1978 to 1989. ...

At the hospital where Cardillo lay dying, Lindsay and his commissioner Patrick V. Murphy met up with police officials. When a member of the NYPD brass termed the event a riot, Lindsay exclaimed, "Riot? What do you mean a riot? There can't be a riot...How can you say such a thing?" ^{[citation needed]} When the deputy commissioner of the NYPD wanted to send out a press release explaining the department's view of what happened, he was overruled by Ward, who convinced Lindsay of the need to keep Harlem from rioting again. Farrakhan and Rangel demanded an apology from the mayor. Farrakhan said that Cardillo and Navarra had "charged into our temple like criminals and they were treated like criminals." Lindsay and Murphy apologized to Farrakhan, dropped the charges against all Nation of Islam members arrested that night, and removed every white police officer from Harlem, leaving an all-black force in the area, hoping to neutralize racial tensions.

Neither Lindsay nor Murphy attended Philip Cardillo's funeral. Five years later, Dupree was found not guilty of the murder of Cardillo by a New York jury. (Cannato 490)

Assessment and later life

Lindsay left office in 1973, having declined to seek a third term as mayor, which was then permitted. His critics have argued that mistakes he made played a large part in causing the city's fiscal problems in the 1970s; Lindsay had allowed one in seven New Yorkers to work for the city, with almost as high a proportion receiving welfare; he was perceived as too sympathetic to organized labor, and he had borrowed for operating expenses. In his critical biography The Ungovernable City, Vincent J. Cannato bluntly says that Lindsay was the wrong man for the job of mayor. Lindsay was more concerned with solving the enormous social problems of NYC's poor instead of delivering basic services. Nevertheless, Lindsay's concern for racial minorities and the poor in New York helped guide the nation's largest city through the years of the "long hot summers" between 1965 and 1969 and averted massive, violent unrest, a significant accomplishment. The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, also called The Seventies. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Years after Lindsay was out of office, his budget aide Peter Goldmark would admit that his administration's basic problem was this: "We all failed to come to grips with what a neighborhood is. We never realized that crime is something that happens to, and in, a community." Assistant Nancy Seifer said "There was a whole world out there that nobody in City Hall knew anything about. . . If you didn't live on Central Park West, you were some kind of lesser being." (Cannato, 391).

Lindsay retired to practice law but never lost his faith in the "liberal dream". His 1980 campaign for the Senate was unsuccessful, as he lost the Democratic primary to Elizabeth Holtzman, the U.S. representative from Brooklyn and later the New York City comptroller. Lindsay polled 146,815 votes (15.8 percent). His previous liberal Republican ally, Senator Jacob K. Javits, lost renomination to the more conservative Alfonse D'Amato of Long Island. D'Amato defeated Holtzman in the general election. Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... Federal courts Supreme Court Chief Justice Associate Justices Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Politics Portal      The United States Senate is one of the two chambers of the bicameral United States Congress, the... Elizabeth Holtzman (born August 11, 1941) is an American Democratic politician. ... Jacob Koppel Jack Javits (May 18, 1904 – March 7, 1986) was a liberal New York politician. ... Alfonse Martello DAmato (born August 1, 1937) is a former New York politician. ... This article is about Long Island in New York State. ...

After the folding of several law firms for which he had worked, including Webster & Sheffield, Lindsay in the 1990s was left in failing health and without health insurance. The decision of Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani to hire Lindsay as a part-time legal counsel, at a rate of $10,000 per year plus health insurance, aroused little controversy. For the band, see 1990s (band). ... Rudolph William Louis Rudy Giuliani III, KBE (born May 28, 1944) served as the Mayor of New York City from January 1, 1994 through December 31, 2001. ...

In 2000, he died at the age of seventy-nine of complications from pneumonia and Parkinson's disease, in Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, where he and his wife, the former Mary Harrison (October 30, 1926 – March 9, 2004), had moved the previous year. The couple had married on June 18, 1949. In addition to Mary, Lindsay was survived by their son, John V. Lindsay, Jr.; three daughters, Katharine Lake, Margaret Picotte, and Anne Lindsay; two sons-in-law, Stephen Lake and Michael Picotte; a brother, Robert V. Lindsay; and grandchildren Jessica and Stephanie Lake and Nicole, Joseph, and Michelle Picotte. Memorial services were held on January 26, 2001, at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine. Lindsay was Episcopalian. Memorial contributions were requested to the John V. Lindsay Fund, Lincoln Center Theater, 150 West 65th Street, New York, New York 10023. For many years, Lindsay was a Lincoln Center trustee. This article is about human pneumonia. ... Location of Hilton Head Island in South Carolina Coordinates: , Country United States State South Carolina County Beaufort County Incorporated (town) 1983 Government  - Mayor Tom Peeples  - Town manager Steve Riley  - Fire chief Tom Fieldstead Area  - Town  55. ... is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 68th day of the year (69th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 169th day of the year (170th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... The Cathedral Church of Saint John the Divine in New York City is the seat of the bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of New York. ... The word Episcopal is derived from the Greek &#949;&#960;&#953;&#963;&#954;&#959;&#960;&#959;&#962; epískopos, which literally means overseer; the word however is used in religious terms to mean bishop. ...

Anne Lindsay found inspiration in her father's career and actively participated in the presidential campaigns of Democrats Howard Dean and then John Kerry in 2004. Howard Brush Dean III (born November 17, 1948) is an American politician and physician from the U.S. state of Vermont, and currently the chairman of the Democratic National Committee, the central organ of the Democratic Party at the national level. ... John Forbes Kerry (born December 11, 1943) is the junior United States Senator from Massachusetts, in his fourth term of office. ...

The only substantive biography of Lindsay is Vincent J. Cannato's The Ungovernable City. Nevertheless, an in-depth discussion of Lindsay's fiscal policies is contained in Mayors and Money by Ester R. Fuchs. Two pro-labor treatments of New York City public sector unions are In Transit and Working-Class New York by Joshua Freeman. Lindsay's 1967 autobiography is titled Journey Into Politics. Joshua B. Freeman (b. ... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... Cover of the first English edition of 1793 of Benjamin Franklins autobiography. ...

There are no city landmarks dedicated to Lindsay's memory. He is featured on a poster picture with Governor Rockefeller at the groundbreaking of the former World Trade Center in the city history section of the Museum of the City of New York at Fifth Avenue and 103rd Street. “WTC” redirects here. ... HIStory - Past, Present and Future, Book I is a double-disc album (one half greatest hits, one half studio album) by American musician Michael Jackson released in June of 1995 by the Epic Records division of Sony BMG. The first disc, (HIStory Begins) contains fifteen hit singles from the past... The Museum of the City of New York is an art gallery and history museum founded in 1923 to present the history of New York City and its people. ... Street sign at Fifth Avenue and East 57th street Fifth Avenue is a major thoroughfare in New York City. ...

External links

• John Lindsay at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

• http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/12/20/lindsay.obit/index.html

• http://ssdi.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/ssdi.cgi?lastname=Lindsay&firstname=MARY&start=21

• John Vliet Lindsay, Who's Who in America, 1966–1967

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