John Randolph Lucas (born 18 June 1929) is a British philosopher. June 18 is the 169th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (170th in leap years), with 196 days remaining. ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

As an undergraduate at Balliol College, Oxford, 1947-1950, Lucas studied first mathematics, then Greats (Philosophy and Ancient History), obtaining the MA in Philosophy in 1954. He spent a crucial academic year at Princeton University, deepening his understanding of mathematics and logic. For 36 years, until his 1996 retirement, he was a Fellow and Tutor of Merton College, Oxford, and remains an emeritus member of the University Faculty of Philosophy. He is a Fellow of the British Academy. College name Balliol College Named after John de Balliol Established 1263 Sister College St Johns Master Andrew Graham JCR President Jack Hawkins Undergraduates 403 Graduates 228 Homepage Boatclub Balliol College, founded in 1263, is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. ... Literae Humaniores is the name given to the study of Classics at Oxford and some other universities. ... Princeton University, incorporated as The Trustees of Princeton University, located in Princeton, New Jersey, is the fourth-oldest institution to conduct higher education in the United States. ... College name The House of Scholars of Merton Named after Walter de Merton Established 1264 Sister College Peterhouse Warden Prof. ... The Philosopher (detail), by Rembrandt Philosophy is a study that includes various diverse subfields such as aesthetics, epistemology, ethics, logic, and metaphysics. ... The British Academy is the United Kingdoms national academy for the humanities and the social sciences. ...

Lucas is perhaps best known for his paper "Minds, Machines and Gödel," arguing that an automaton cannot represent a human mathematician. Douglas Hofstadter's Gödel, Escher, Bach includes an extensive critical discussion of Lucas's argument and the ensuing vigorous debate in the academic literature. Minds, Machines and Gödel is the title of a philosophical paper published in 1961 by J. R. Lucas. ... An artistic representation of a Turing Machine . ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Douglas Richard Hofstadter (born February 15, 1945) is an American academic. ... GEB cover Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid (commonly GEB) is a Pulitzer Prize-winning book by Douglas Hofstadter, published in 1979 by Basic Books. ...

A prolific author with unusually diverse teaching and research interests, Lucas has written on the philosophy of mathematics, especially the implications of Gödel's incompleteness theorem, the philosophy of mind, free will and determinism, the philosophy of science with special reference to special relativity, causality, political philosophy, ethics and business ethics, and the philosophy of religion. Help im stuck Im stuck on Fractions Decimals and percentages can u plz help?Á ... In mathematical logic, Gödels incompleteness theorems are two celebrated theorems proven by Kurt Gödel in 1931. ... What is the mind? Phrenologists attempted to answer this question by correlating mental functions with specific parts of the brain. ... Free will is the philosophical doctrine that holds that our choices are ultimately up to us. ... The philosophy of science is the branch of philosophy that studies the philosophical assumptions, foundations, and implications of science, including the formal sciences, natural sciences, and social sciences. ... Special relativity (SR) or the special theory of relativity is the physical theory published in 1905 by Albert Einstein in his article On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies. It replaced Newtonian notions of space and time and incorporated electromagnetism as represented by Maxwells equations. ... It has been suggested that Causalism be merged into this article or section. ... Political philosophy is the study of the fundamental questions about the state, government, politics, property, law and the enforcement of a legal code by authority: what they are, why they are needed, what makes a government legitimate, what rights and freedoms it should protect and why, what form it should... Ethics (from Greek ἦθος meaning custom) is the branch of axiology, one of the four major branches of philosophy, which attempts to understand the nature of morality; to define that which is right from that which is wrong. ... Business ethics is a form of applied ethics that examines ethical rules and principles within a commercial context; the various moral or ethical problems that can arise in a business setting; and any special duties or obligations that apply to persons who are engaged in commerce. ... Philosophy of religion is the rational study of the meaning and justification of fundamental religious claims, particularly about the nature and existence of God (or gods, or the divine). ...

The son of a Church of England clergyman, Lucas describes himself as "a dyed-in-the-wool traditional Englishman." He and Morar Portal have four children. Sartorially independent, he may be remembered for a cool-weather habit of wearing a tie over his sweater under a jacket. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion. ...

In addition to his philosophical career, Lucas has taken a practical interest in in business ethics. He helped found the Oxford Consumers' Group [1], and was its first Chairman in 1961-3, serving again in 1965.

Career highlights

• Schooled at St Mary's College, Winchester (more commonly known as Winchester College)
• 1952 Balliol College, Oxford; John Locke Scholarship
• 1953-6 Junior Research Fellow, Merton College, Oxford
• 1956-9 Fellow and Assistant Tutor, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
• 1957-8 Jane Eliza Procter Visiting Fellow, Princeton University
• 1959-60 Leverhulme Research Fellow, Leeds University
• 1960-96 Fellow and Tutor of Merton College, Oxford
• 1988 Elected a Fellow of the British Academy
• 1990-6 Reader in Philosophy, Oxford University
• 1991-3 President, British Society for the Philosophy of Science

Winchester College is a public school in the city of Winchester in Hampshire, in the south of England. ... College name Balliol College Named after John de Balliol Established 1263 Sister College St Johns Master Andrew Graham JCR President Jack Hawkins Undergraduates 403 Graduates 228 Homepage Boatclub Balliol College, founded in 1263, is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. ... College name The House of Scholars of Merton Named after Walter de Merton Established 1264 Sister College Peterhouse Warden Prof. ... Full name The College of Corpus Christi and the Blessed Virgin Mary in Cambridge Motto There is a toast, Floreat antiqua domus (May the old house flourish), from which the colleges nickname, Old House, is derived Named after The citys Guilds of Corpus Christi and the Blessed Virgin... Princeton University, incorporated as The Trustees of Princeton University, located in Princeton, New Jersey, is the fourth-oldest institution to conduct higher education in the United States. ... University Tower, University of Leeds The University of Leeds (United Kingdom) is amongst the largest of British universities and the most popular by applicants, with 52,444 applicants in 2003 for 7,228 places (UCAS). ... College name The House of Scholars of Merton Named after Walter de Merton Established 1264 Sister College Peterhouse Warden Prof. ... The British Academy is the United Kingdoms national academy for the humanities and the social sciences. ... The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford in England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ...

Books

• 1966. Principles of Politics (edited). ISBN 0198247745
• 1970. The Concept of Probability. ISBN 0198243405
• 1970. The Freedom of the Will. ISBN 019824343X
• 1972. The Nature of Mind. (with A.J.P.Kenny, H.C.Longet-Higgins, and C.H.Waddington)
• 1973. The Development of Mind. (with A.J.P.Kenny, H.C.Longet-Higgins, and C.H.Waddington)
• 1973. A Treatise on Time and Space. ISBN 0416750702
• 1976. Essays on Freedom and Grace. ISBN 0281029326
• 1976. Democracy and Participation. ISBN 0140218823
• 1978. Butler's Philosophy of Religion Vindicated. ISBN 0907078060
• 1980. On Justice. ISBN 019824598X
• 1985. Space, Time and Causality (with P. E. Hodgson). ISBN 0198750579
• 1989. The Future. ISBN 0631166599
• 1990. Spacetime and Electromagnetism (with P. E. Hodgson). ISBN 0198520387
• 1993. Responsibility. ISBN 019823578X
• 1997. Ethical Economics (with M. R. Griffiths). ISBN 0312163983
• 1999. Conceptual Roots of Mathematics. ISBN 041520738X
• 2003. An Engagement with Plato's Republic (with B.G. Mitchell). ISBN 0754633667

There is an online bibliography of all of Lucas's publications, many being available online.

External links

• Lucas, John R., 2002, "The Godelian Argument," The Truth Journal.
• Home page of J. R. Lucas, with much online material.
• Short bio of Lucas,, including his Who's Who entry.
• Oxford University Faculty of Philosophy Home Page.
• Oxford Consumers' Group.